3. Etching
• In the working of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the un maintained parts
of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal the original process of
the working —in modern manufacturing other chemicals may be used on other
types of material.
•Basic’s
•In pure etching, it’s easy to say a metal usually copper, zinc or steel plate is
covered with a waxy ground which is resistant to acid to make it more easier.The
artist then scratches off the ground with a pointed etching needle most of the
time where he or she wants a line to appear in the finished piece, so exposing the
bare metal.The echoppe, a tool with a slanted oval section, is also used for
"swelling" lines.
4. Linocut• inocut is a print making technique, a variant of woodcut in
which a sheet of linoleum sometimes mounted on a wooden
block is used for the relief surface. A design is cut into the
linoleum surface with a sharp knife,V-shaped chisel or gouge,
with the raised uncarved areas representing a reversal (mirror
image) of the parts to show printed.
• Most of the time due to ease of use, linocut is widely used in
schools to introduce children to the art of printmaking, using
it to complete many tasks in the art lessons rather than going
straight for the pencil and eraser; similarly, non-professional
artists often cut lino rather than wood for printing it makes it
a lot easier..
5. ScreenPrinting
• Screen printing is a simple basic technique that some people may use a
woven cloth to support an ink- blocking stencil to get the image you
may need or wanted.
• Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in
which a design is imposed on a screen of polyester or
other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an
impermeable substance. Ink is forced into the mesh
openings by the fill blade or squeegee and onto the
printing surface during the squeegee stroke. as the
screen rebounds away from the substrate the ink remains
on the substrate. It is also known
as silkscreen, serigraphy, and serigraph printing to make
it easier for people to understand and use.
• One colour is printed at a time, so several screens can be used to produce a
multi-coloured image or design.
•
6. Woodcut
• Originally known as xylography—is a relief printing artistic technique in print-
making in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the
printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are
removed, typically with gouges.
• Lots of different colours doubled also which they did can be printed by keying the
paper to a frame around the woodblocks where a different block is used for each
colour.The art of carving the woodcut can be called xylography, but this is rarely
used in English for images alone, although that and xylographic are used in
connection with block-books, which are small books containing text and images in
the same block. Single-leaf woodcut is a term for a woodcut presented as a single
image or print, as opposed to a book illustration.
7. lithography• Lithography originally used an image drawn with oil, fat, or wax onto the
surface of a smooth, level lithographic limestone plate.The stone was
treated with a mixture of acid and gum arabic, etching the portions of the
stone which were not protected by the grease-based image.When the
stone was subsequently moistened, these etched areas retained water; an
oil-based ink could then be applied and would be repelled by the water,
sticking only to the original drawing.
• The ink would finally be transferred to a blank paper sheet, producing
a printed page which it will be on.This traditional technique is still used in
some fine art print-making applications.
8. Mechanical
Printing• This is were you put the paper in the machine then you press print from a
computer and it will send it straight to the machine and all you have to do is
collect it. It’s one of the most simplest one you can get and can do it’s very
easy to understand and it does the job better then some of the others because
it gets the full picture.
9. Letterpressprinting
• Letterpress printing it is known as a technique of relief printing using
a printing press which mainly a worker composes and locks movable type into the
bed of a press, inks it, and presses paper against it to transfer the ink from the type
which creates an impression on the paper.
• In practice which some users who use it do letterpress also includes other forms of
relief printing with printing presses, such as wood engravings, photo-etched zinc
cuts plates, and linoleum blocks, which can be used alongside metal type in a single
operation, as well as stereotypes and electrotypes of type and blocks.With certain
letterpress units to make it clearer for people it is also possible to join movable type
with slugs cast using hot metal typesetting.
10. Gravure
• Rotogravure (Roto or Gravure for short) is a type of intaglio printing
process, which involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In
gravure printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder because, like offset
printing and flexography, it uses a rotary printing press. Once a staple of
newspaper photo features, the rotogravure process is still used for
commercial printing of magazines, postcards, and corrugated (cardboard)
product packaging
11. Screen printing
• Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven
mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil to receive a desired
image. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that
transfer ink or other printable materials which can be pressed
through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A fill
blade or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or
pumping ink through the mesh openings to wet the substrate
during the squeegee stroke. Basically, it is the process of using a
mesh-based stencil to apply ink onto a substrate, whether it be t-
shirts, posters, stickers, vinyl, wood, or other material.
12. Digital printing
• Digital printing refers to methods of printing from a digital-based image directly
to a variety of media. It usually refers to professional printing where small-run
jobs from desktop publishing and other digital sources are printed using large-
format and/or high-volume laser orink-jet printers.
13. Photo copier
• A photocopier (also known as a copier or copy machine) is
a machine that makes paper copies of documents and other visual
images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a
technology called xerography, a dry process that uses electrostatic
charges on a light sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then
transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image.
14. Laser printing
• Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process that
rapidly produces high quality text and graphics by passing
a laser beam over a charged drum to define a differentially
charged image.
• The drum then selectively collects charged toner and transfers
the image to paper, which is then heated to permanently fix the
image. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers
laser printers employ axerographic printing process, but differ
from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the
direct scanning of the medium across the printer's
photoreceptor. Hence, it proves to be a much faster process
compared to the latter
15. Inkjet printing
• Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing that creates a digital image by
propelling droplets of ink onto paper, plastic, or other substrates. Inkjet printers are
the most commonly used type of printer,[ and range from small inexpensive consumer
models to very large professional machines that can cost tens of thousands of dollars,
or more.
16. Desktop publishing• Desktop publishing (abbreviated DTP) is the creation of
documents using page layout skills on a personal
computer. Desktop publishing software can generate
layouts and produce typographic quality text and images
comparable to traditional typography and printing. This
technology allows individuals, businesses, and other
organizations to self-publish a wide range of printed
matter. Desktop publishing is also the main reference
for digital typography. When used skillfully desktop
publishing allows the user to produce a wide variety of
materials, frommenus to magazines and books, without
the expense of commercial printing.
