For Draghi, gender quotas are not the right instrument to close the gender gap. So, how do you ensure women have equal representation in both politics and in the labour market?
Electoral Reforms - by Jayaprakash Narayan, founder, Lok Satta Party Karthik Subramanian
The presentation that accompanied the lecture by Dr.Jayaprakash Narayan, founder, Lok Satta Party, for The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy.
Electoral Reforms - by Jayaprakash Narayan, founder, Lok Satta Party Karthik Subramanian
The presentation that accompanied the lecture by Dr.Jayaprakash Narayan, founder, Lok Satta Party, for The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy.
Election Commission of India: The gadfly of Indian politics tiwarisac
A review of Election Commission of India and its impact on Indian polity since its inception until the 2014 general elections. It examines the role of election commission and identifies faultlines that have emerged in Indian politics and their relationship with election commission
Elections form the mainstay of our Indian Democracy. Our democratic setup bestows on us the right to elect the representatives of the state. Besides, the elected people have the right to choose the Head of the State. The elections in India have a long history. India has both General and State elections as promoted by our federal structure. The Election Commission of India is the apex body that conducts elections in India. Both the General and State Elections are held as per the rules prescribed by the Election Commission. This Commission is composed of high-ranking government officials and is constituted according to the provisions of the Indian Constitution. A great degree of autonomous power is bestowed on the Election Commission to exercise control over the election process. Even the judiciary has no right to intervene while the electoral process is on.
The Universal Periodic Review (“UPR”) is a mechanism of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Under the UPR, the human rights records of all 192 United Nations member States will be reviewed by the Council on an ongoing, regular basis.
We share a presentation made by ARC on how to use UPR to advance LGBTI rights.
Election Commission of India: The gadfly of Indian politics tiwarisac
A review of Election Commission of India and its impact on Indian polity since its inception until the 2014 general elections. It examines the role of election commission and identifies faultlines that have emerged in Indian politics and their relationship with election commission
Elections form the mainstay of our Indian Democracy. Our democratic setup bestows on us the right to elect the representatives of the state. Besides, the elected people have the right to choose the Head of the State. The elections in India have a long history. India has both General and State elections as promoted by our federal structure. The Election Commission of India is the apex body that conducts elections in India. Both the General and State Elections are held as per the rules prescribed by the Election Commission. This Commission is composed of high-ranking government officials and is constituted according to the provisions of the Indian Constitution. A great degree of autonomous power is bestowed on the Election Commission to exercise control over the election process. Even the judiciary has no right to intervene while the electoral process is on.
The Universal Periodic Review (“UPR”) is a mechanism of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Under the UPR, the human rights records of all 192 United Nations member States will be reviewed by the Council on an ongoing, regular basis.
We share a presentation made by ARC on how to use UPR to advance LGBTI rights.
Women's Leadership in Public Life - Global Forum on Public Governance, Sessio...OECD Governance
While the proportion of female leaders, from local to global level, is increasing, women remain vastly outnumbered by men in leadership positions. Women’s ability to participate in and influence the decisions that affect their lives – from the household to the highest levels of political decision making – is both a basic human right and a prerequisite for responsive and equitable governance. Increasing women’s representation and participation at all levels is also essential for putting issues of importance to women on national and local agendas.
Empowering women and fully leveraging their talent and leadership in the global economy,politics and society are fundamental to maximising a nation’s competitiveness, as diverse leadership is more likely to find innovative solutions to foster growth that shares its benefits across all social groups. For more information view http://www.oecd.org/gov/oecdglobalforumonpublicgovernance.htm
Brazilian Politics: Between Chaos and Stagnationfhguarnieri
Some people view Brazilian politics as chaotic, others as stagnated. In this work, presented at the Wilson Center Brazil Institute, I show that pre-electoral coordination helps to solve this apparent contradiction.
The function of the judiciary in preventing the criminalization of politics.pdfFree Law - by De Jure
The criminalization of politics involves criminals entering politics, running for office, and even being elected to the Parliament and state legislature. When discussing election changes, criminalization of politics is at the forefront of the public discourse. A Supreme Court ruling on the criminalization of politics in February 2020 could have far-reaching effects for Indian democracy.
The verdict was rendered in a case of contempt of court brought against the Chief Election Commissioner of India. The petition said that the ECI had failed to take any efforts to ensure the implementation of a 2018 judgment of the bench mandating that political parties declare and publicize all pending criminal charges against their candidates.
On 25 September 2022 Italians voted for a new Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The centre-right coalition won with an absolute majority in both Houses.This is the first time in Italian history that a woman has been the Head of the Government.
Il 25 settembre 2022 si sono svolte le elezioni per il rinnovo della Camera dei Deputati e del Senato della Repubblica. Ha vinto la coalizione di centro-destra, che ha raggiunto la maggioranza assoluta in entrambe le Camere. È la prima volta nella storia d’Italia che una donna è a capo del Governo.
27 July 2022 the Senate Assembly passed a reform of its Rules with 210 votes in favour, 11 against and 2 abstained votes. There will be only 200 Senators in the 19th Legislature, instead of 315, and in the Chamber, 400 Deputies rather than 630.
Il 27 luglio 2022 l’Assemblea del Senato ha approvato, con 210 voti favorevoli, 11 contrari e 2 astensioni, la riforma del proprio Regolamento. I Senatori della XIX legislatura saranno 200, invece di 315, mentre il numero dei Deputati passa da 630 a 400.
Non esiste una definizione giuridica. Secondo il Regolamento della Camera (art. 14) sono “associazioni di Deputati” e “soggetti necessari al funzionamento della Camera”.
Secondo la dottrina sono la proiezione, il riflesso, dei partiti nel Parlamento. Svolgono però un ruolo ben preciso, perché sono un elemento imprescindibile al funzionamento delle Camere.
Parliamentary groups have no legal definition. According to Rule 14 of the Rules of Procedure of the Chamber of Deputies, they are ‘associations of Deputies’ and ‘subjects required for the functioning of the Chamber.’
According to the doctrine, they are the projection, the reflection of the parties
in Parliament.
LEGGE ANNUALE PER IL MERCATO E LA CONCORRENZA Telosaes telosaes
La Legge annuale per il mercato e la concorrenza è stabilita dalla Legge 23 luglio 2009, n. 99. Dovrebbe avere cadenza annuale, ma fino ad oggi ne è stata approvata solo una. Perché? Le ragioni sono tante, ma la prima è la difficoltà di un accordo politico sui settori economici, su quali intervenire e su come farlo.
The annual market and competition law is set forth in Law 23 July 2009, no. 99. Although the Competition Bill is supposed to be tabled annually, only one Competition Law has been passed to date. Why is this? The reasons are many; however, the first is the challenge of agreeing politically on where and how to intervene.
LEGGE ANNUALE PER IL MERCATO E LA CONCORRENZA telosaes
La Legge annuale per il mercato e la concorrenza è stabilita dalla Legge 23 luglio 2009, n. 99. Dovrebbe avere cadenza annuale, ma fino ad oggi ne è stata approvata solo una. Perché? Le ragioni sono tante, ma la prima è la difficoltà di un accordo politico sui settori economici, su quali intervenire e su come farlo.
THE SEVERINO LAW WHAT IT SETS OUT, ACTUAL CASES, OPEN QUESTIONStelosaes
The so-called Severino Law (named after at-the-time Minister of Justice Paola Severino) introduces a comprehensive regime to fight corruption and foster transparency in the Italian Public Administration (PA). The Draft Bill was submitted in 2010by former Minister of Justice Angelino Alfano (IV Berlusconi Government). The Law was passed with a confidence vote by the government after a legislative procedure lasting two years.
LA LEGGE SEVERINO. COSA STABILISCE, CASI CONCRETI, QUESTIONI APERTEtelosaes
La Legge Severino introduce una disciplina organica per il contrasto della corruzione e la trasparenza della PA. Il Disegno di Legge fu proposto nel 2010, dall’allora Ministro della Giustizia, Angelino Alfano (Governo Berlusconi IV). La Legge è stata approvata con l’apposizione della questione di fiducia da parte del Governo, dopo un iter durato due anni.
The CONSOB (Commissione Nazionale per la Società e la Borsa is an Independent Administrative Authority that oversees the Italian financial markets in order to protect investors and ensure the market’s proper functioning.
La CONSOB è l’Autorità amministrativa indipendente che controlla il mercato finanziario italiano, per tutelare gli investitori e garantire il buon funzionamento del sistema finanziario
Cosa significa fare il lobbista? Cosa vuol dire occuparsi di public affairs? Dal dialogo interno e dalla collaborazione dei membri del Gruppo di Lavoro Public Affairs è nato un documento, redatto con grande cura e pazienza da AmCham, che riprendiamo e articoliamo qui.
What does it mean to be a lobbyist? What does it mean to work in public affairs? This internal dialogue and our collaboration with the members of the Public Affairs Work Group form the basis of a report which we quote and elaborate below.
The State General Accounting Department is the Institution that ensures the proper planning and rigorous management of public funds. It oversees state accounts. The State Accountant General, appointed by the government on the recommendation of the Minister of the Economy and Finance, is in charge of the Department. The organisational structure of the General Accounting Department is complex and connected to other institutions at both the central and local level. In 2019 the State General Accounting Department celebrated its 150 year anniversary.
È l’Istituzione che garantisce la programmazione corretta e la gestione rigorosa delle risorse pubbliche. è l’organo che controlla i conti dello Stato. È diretta da un Ragioniere Generale dello Stato. Ha un’articolazione complessa ed è integrata con le altre Istituzioni a livello centrale e sul territorio. Nel 2019 si sono svolti i festeggiamenti per la ricorrenza dei 150 anni dall'istituzione della Ragioneria.
La Corte dei Conti è un organo di rilievo costituzionale indipendente al quale la Costituzione affida importanti funzioni di controllo e giurisdizionali. Fu istituita nel 1862
The Court of Auditors is an institution of constitutional importance. As set forth in the Italian Constitution, it has key review and jurisdictional functions. It was established in 1862.
Secondo Draghi le quote rosa non sono lo strumento adatto a risolvere la disuguaglianza di genere. Ma allora, come garantire che le donne siano rappresentate tanto in politica quanto nel lavoro?
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
2. GENDER QUOTAS
AND THE GENDER GAP
On 17 February 2021, Prime Minister Mario
Draghi told the Senate:
True gender equality doesn’t mean self-
righteously respecting the gender quotas
established by law, it requires guaranteeing
equal gender conditions in competition
[You need to guarantee] equal access to the
development of key skills that are increasingly
important to career progress: digital,
technological and environmental skills
So, for Draghi, gender quotas are not the
right instrument to close the gender gap.
So, how do you ensure women have equal
representation in both politics and in the
labour market?
“
3. THE FIRST (UPHILL) STEPS
TOWARD CREATING GENDER QUOTAS
The rights of eligibility for election
are strictly guaranteed to be
equal for all citizens as such and
any differentiation based on sex
is excluded
“
Following the approval of some
measures introducing gender
quotas in national, regional and local
elections, in 1995 the Constitutional
Court (ruling no. 422/1995) offered
its official interpretation of the
principle of equality and equal
opportunity as per Arts. 3 and 5 of
the Italian Constitution that states:
4. CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
TO ACCOMMODATE GENDER QUOTAS
In 2001 and 2003 two
Constitutional Reform Laws
officially introduced gender
quotas into the regional and
national election systems.
Constitutional Law no. 3/2003 introduced
Art. 51, paragraph 2 of the Constitution:
The regional laws remove all obstacles
to the full equality of men and women
in social, cultural and economic life
and promote equal access for women
and men to elected offices
“
The Republic promotes equal
opportunity for men and women
through specific measures
“
Constitutional Law no. 3/2001 introduced
Art. 117, paragraph 7 of the Constitution:
5. THE ROSATELLUM
Yet it wasn’t until the 2017 election reform
that gender quotas were introduced by
law through the “Rosatellum”, named
after the rapporteur for the Bill, MP Ettore
Rosato (at the time a member of the
Democratic Party, now with Italia Viva).
The Law states that:
❯ No list or coalition of lists in single-
member regional constituencies of the
Region can have more than 60% of
either gender;
❯ Multi-member constituency candidates
must be in alternating order (man/woman).
6. The result of the introduction of this Law
didin’t live up to expectations.
In the 17th
Legislature (2013-2018) 299
women were elected to Parliament.
However, in 2018, 334 women were
elected, only 5% more.
What happened? Although there was an
almost equal number of men and women
on the election lists, it is likely that the
parties resorted to tricks to get around
the effects.
2018: THE FIRST ELECTIONS
UNDER THE ROSATELLUM
7. WHAT HAPPENED
IN THE SINGLE-MEMBER CONSTITUENCIES
In the single-member
constituencies, where it is possible
to win by a single vote, lots of
women ran in the less ‘safe’
constituencies and more men
ran in the ‘safer’ ones.
The 2018 political elections:
❯ for the centre-right: of the 139
male candidates, 72 were elected
(52%) while only 39 (42%) of the 92
female candidates were elected;
❯ for the centre-left: of the 137
male candidates, 18 were elected
(13%) while only 8 (8%) of the 95
female candidates were elected;
❯ for the Five Star Movement: of
the 134 male candidates, 59 were
elected (44%) while only 34 (34%)
of the 98 female candidates were
elected.
8. WHAT HAPPENED IN THE
MULTI-MEMBER CONSTITUENCIES
The number of candidates elected
depends on the percentage of
votes each party gets. So, the
first name on the list will certainly
be elected while the following
candidates have a decreasing
possibility of getting elected.
In ‘safer’ multi-member
constituencies, parties put women
at the top of the list because it
is more likely that the second
candidate on the list (a man) will
also get elected. However, in less
safe constituencies, they tend
to put men at the top of the list
because it is less likely that the
second candidate on the list will
be elected.
In fact, in 2018 247 men were
elected (64%) and 139 women
(36%).
9. GENDER QUOTAS IN PARLIAMENT
The most egalitarian group is
the Five Star Movement: 53%
of the candidates elected are
men and 47% are women.
Whereas
Italia Viva: 71% men and
29% women
Brothers of Italy: 70% men
and 30% women
The League: 69% men and
31% women
The Democratic Party: 67%
men and 33% women
Forza Italia: 62% men and
38% women
The most egalitarian group is
the Five Star Movement: 53%
of the elected candidates are
men compared to 47% who
are women. The least egalitarian
one being Brothers of Italy:
85% of elected candidates
are men.
Whereas
The Democratic Party: 68%
men and 32% women
Forza Italia: 67% men and
33% women
The League: 67% men and
33% women
CHAMBER
OF
DEPUTIES
SENATO
10. GENDER QUOTAS
IN THE REGIONS
The first Region to implement gender
equality under Constitutional Reform
Law no. 3/2001 was Campania, which in
2009, with law no. 4/2009, stated that:
for each list neither of the two sexes
may represent more than two thirds
of the candidates
“
Piedmont never passed an ad hoc
election law.
In 16 Regions there is also the double
gender preference: if an elector intends
to vote for two candidates, they must be
of different sexes.
11. The numbers seem to indicate that
they are. Before introducing gender
quotas, in the 2000 Regional
Elections in 15 Regions with an
Ordinary Statute 98 women were
elected to Regional Councils.
In the latest 2020 elections (in
Emilia-Romagna, Campania, Valle
d’Aosta, Veneto, Liguria, Marche and
Puglia), 152 women were elected.
Especially virtuous Emilia-Romagna,
where the number of council
women jumped from 10 to 20, and
Lazio, where it went from 10 to 16.
However, so far in 13 Regions less
than 25% of Regional Councillors
are women.
ARE GENDER QUOTAS EFFECTIVE IN THE REGIONS?
12. Gender equality is
again a key issue on the
political agenda for the
forming of the Draghi
government. Especially
for the Democratic Party,
where the three ministers
chosen by the party were
all men.
The debate within the
party was so heated
that, to compensate
for the number of men
in government, the
A STIR IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Democratic Party in the
Parliament appointed two
female group leaders: at
the Chamber of Deputaties
MP Debora Serracchiani
and, at the Senate, Senator
Simona Malpezzi.
Moreover, the party’s
new secretary, Enrico
Letta, elected by the
party Assembly on 18
March 2021, appointed a
Secretariat of 8 men and
8 women.
13. GENDER QUOTAS IN BOARDS
OF ADMINISTRATION
The Golfo-Mosca Law (no. 120/2011) states that at least
30% of members of Boards of Administration and Boards of
statutory auditors for listed companies and state-controlled
companies must be women.
14. THE GOLFO-MOSCA LAW
The 2020 Budget Law extended
the validity of the Golfo-Mosca Law,
which was to expire in 2022, and
raised the gender quota to 40%.
Italian stock market regulator
CONSOB oversees the
implementation of the Golfo-Mosca
Law and every year publishes the
Annual Report of Italian Listed
Companies. If a company fails
to comply, the CONSOB issues a
warning. If the company still fails
to comply, the company may be
sanctioned.
In February 2020 the Cerved-
Bellisario Foundation and the
Italian social security institute Social
Security Institute - INPS - published
the report “Women in Top
Management” on how the Golfo-
Mosca Law impacted the number
of women in companies. Eleven
years after it went into effect, the
gender quotas have achieved the
goals set but have failed to go
beyond the legal obligations.
15. THE PAY GAP
BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
In Italy, only the data on the difference
between men’s and women’s average
wage shows that women earn 5%
less than men (in Europe the average
is 15% less).
A more accurate indicator is the gender
overall earnings gap measuring the
impact of three factors: hourly wage,
number of annual paid hours and
employment rate.
According to the gender overall
earnings gap, Italian women earn
an average of 44% less than men
(the European average is 40%).
16. THOSE AGAINST AND THOSE FOR GENDER
QUOTAS MAINTAIN THAT...
They are not merit-based. Women
may be chosen not for their skills
but simply because they are
women. It is better to safeguard
meritocracy, not create a fast lane.
They lead to something akin to
Indian reservations, in that, officially,
they ensure that women have
a role as political and business
leaders, but they don’t actually
improve their working status or
salary.
We need gender quotas to
implement the principle of gender
equality and equal opportunity
set forth in the Constitution.
They help increase the number
of women in positions of power.
Thanks to gender quotas, in some
situations, the number of women
has risen to almost 40%.
They are just temporary measures,
but essential to more quickly reach
the goal of true gender equality.
AGAINST
FOR
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TELOS ANALISI & STRATEGIE