The present tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in present time. The term "present tense" is usually used in descriptions of specific languages to refer to a particular grammatical form or set of forms; these may have a variety of uses, not all of which will necessarily refer to present time. For example, in the English sentence My train leaves tomorrow morning, the verb form leaves is said to be in the present tense, even though in this particular context it refers to an event in future time. Similarly, in the historical present, the present tense is used to narrate events that occurred in the past.

2. • We use The Present Perfect to say that
an action happened at an unspecified time
before now. The exact time is not
important. You cannot use The Present
Perfect with the specific time expressions
such as: just, already, etc.

3. • Verbal
(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O + Adv
Aux ord.
(-) S + Have/Has + not? haven`t , hasn`t + V3 + O + Adv.
Aux ord.
(?) Have/Has + S + V3 + O + Adv..? Yes, S + Have, Has
Aux ord. No, S + Haven`t, Hasn`t
(?) Haven`t/Hasn`t + S + V3 + O + Adv…?
Aux ord.
• Non Verbal
(+) S + Have/Has + been + 3C
Aux ord.
(-) S + Have/Has + not? haven`t, hasn`t + been + 3C.
Aux ord.
(?) Have/Has + S + been + 3C..? Yes, S + Have, Has
Aux ord. No, S + Haven`t, Hasn`t
(?) Haven`t/Hasn`t + S + been + 3C…?
Aux ord.

4. Note :
• Verbal
Ordinary verb : V3
Auxiliary verb : have (I, you, they, we,)
has (she, he, it,)
• Non Verbal
Ordinary verb : been
Auxiliary verb : have (I, you, they, we)
Has ( he, she,it)

5. Example:
Verbal
(+) He has studied English
Aux ord.
(-) He has not/ hasn`t studied English.
Aux ord.
(?) Has he Studied English? Yes, He hasn`t
Aux ord. No, He hasn`t
(?) Hasn`t he studied English?
Aux ord.
Non Verbal
(+) He Has been in Denpasar
Aux. ord. 3C
(-) He Hasn`t been in Denpasar.
Aux ord. 3C
(?) Has he not been in Denpasar..? Yes, He has
Aux ord. 3C No, He hasn`t
(?) Hasn`t he been in Denpasar…?
Aux ord. 3C

6. • Just : baru saja
• Already : sudah
• Not …Yet : belum
• Never : Tidak pernah
• So far : Sejauh ini
• Until now : Sampai saat ini
• Up to Now : Sampai saat ini
• Up to the present : sampai saat ini
• Ever since : sejak saat itu
• All day/night/week : sepanjang hari/malam/minggu
• Recently : baru-baru ini
• Lately : akhir-akhir ini

7. * To explain about something that has done or finished, but the result still can be tasted or
sensed until now.
Note: For usage in this Present Perfect Tense, we cannot use time signal to show the meaning of
something that still continue until right now.
Example:
I have already eaten.
He has just washed the car
* an action or event which took place in the past, where the exact time of the event is not
specified or not clear.
Note: For usage in this present perfect tense must use:
Time Signal is show the meaning of something that still continue until right now.
Verb Long Term Activity: Live, Study, Teach, Work.
Example: - Meta has been in Denpasar since she studied English there
- They have built the building for two years
- He has lived in Jakarta ever since
* an action or event which has just happened

8. • A preposition shows a relationship between
it is object and other words in a sentence.
The form of preposition may be in one word
(by, at, on, etc.).
• The form of preposition can`t change. The
place of it is ordinary in front of noun or
pronoun.

9. • (AT, IN, ON)
Preposition in time:
Preposition Usage Example
At
On
In
- Hour/o’clock
- Celebration
- Day/ date
- Special day
- Month, Year,
Season
- At six p.m .
- At Idul Fitri, at
independence day
- On Sunday; on 25th
July
- On my birthday
- In 2011
- In Summer
Preposition in place
Preposition Usage Example
At
On
In
- Specific place
- Name of street
- Top (noun/ stick)
- Public information
- Village, city,
country, building,
room
- At home, At school
- At the corner, at the
street
- On the table, an the
wall
- On Television, on
Internet
- In the classroom, in
the sea, in the field

10. I. Please read and answer the question bellow carefully, don`t forget to give a reason!
1. The hall has been ______ decorated for the opening of ceremony
A. Beautiful
B. Beautify
C. Beautifully
D. Beauty
E. Beautifed
Reason: _________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
2. The traffic is so terrible. We are going to be late. By the time we get to school, the class _______.
A. Will begin
B. Will have already begun
C. Will be beginning
D. Has begun
E. Is to begin
Reason: _________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________

11. 3. It was my first day of class. I finally found the right room. The room ______ full of students.
A. Was already
B. Has already been
C. Had already been
D. Would be
E. Could be
Reason: _________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
4. I _______ any parties since I came here. I am so busy now. I have a lot of works to do and sometimes I have to work on the
weekend.
A. Don`t attend
B. Will not attend
C. Will not give
D. Hasn`t given
E. Is not to give
Reason: _________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________

12. 5. We allowed the children to watch their animation movie “Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children” yesterday, only after they ______
doing their school assignment.
A. were finished
B. have finished
C. Finish
D. would finish
E. had finished
Reason: _________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________

13. • 1. C
• 2. B
• 3. C
• 4. D.
• 5. C
Pembahasan 1:
1. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C) beautifully decorative (di dekorasi dengan sangat baik) yaitu … Has been beautifully decorated
karena kalimat diatas perlu dilengkapi dengan adverb, untuk menerangkan kata kerja decorated.
2. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (B) will have already begun karena ada by the time yang mengacu pada simple present perfect
tense.
3.Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C) had already been karena kalimat diatas mengandung makna bahwa ruang kelas (saat itu ketika
aku mendapatinya) ternyata sudah penuh.
4. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (D) hasn`t given karena up to now: keterangan waktu yang menunjukan jangka waktu yang
sekarang
5. Jawaban yang tepat adalah (C) has been declining karena konjungsi “Since + sejak…” kalimat diatas membicarakan sesuatu
yang fakta hal saat ini (sejumlah hotel tutup sekarang ini), sehingga bentuk yang paling tepat adalah present perfect
continous tense

14. II. Please reads and answer the question bellow carefully!!
1. In her whole life time, Anna ________any snows.
A. Doesn`t see
B. Isn`t seeing
C. Didn`t see
D. Had never seen
E. Has never seen
2. The telephone ________ four times in the last hour, and each time it has been for my roommate.
A. Has rung
B. Has been ringing
C. Rang
D. Would ring
E. Was to ring
3. When the police stopped the car, Anny said to her friend in the car, “This is the first time it ______ to me!”
A. Happens
B. Is happening
C. Has ever happened
D. Will happen
E. Is to happen
4. Don`t come at 02:00 p.m. this afternoon. Please come at 04:00 p.m.I _______ repairing this DVD.
A. Will finish
B. Will have completed
C. Will complete
D. Have finished
E. Have to finish
5. Mr. X : ”How long has he been the principal of our school?”
Mrs. O : “Since I ____________ this school.”
A. Was entering
B. Have entered
C. Had entered
D. Entered
E. Had been entering

15. I HOPE YOU ENJOY IT…
Thanks for your attention