This study evaluated the pesticidal potential of Alternanthera brasiliana leaf extract on Hymenia recurvalis, a pest of Amaranthus cruentus. Phytochemical analysis of A. brasiliana revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, glycosides and resins. A field experiment tested different concentrations of A. brasiliana extract (100, 75, 50, 25%) against a synthetic pesticide (Cypermethrin) on A. cruentus. Results showed the 100% extract enhanced plant growth and increased yield compared to other treatments and the control. This study suggests A. brasiliana extract is effective against H. recurvalis and could
Efficacy of aqueous extracts of Aloe zebrina Baker, Capsicum annum L. and Mel...Innspub Net
Low cotton yields in Zimbabwe are mainly caused by infestation by high numbers of insect pests, diseases, poor agronomic practices and poor season quality. Aphids cause considerable yield loss in cotton. Control methods implemented for aphids include cultural approaches, chemical and biological control and use of biopesticides. Synthetic pesticides used by farmers have problems of environmental contamination, toxicity to non-target organisms, resistance by pests and toxicity to humans among others. Plant extracts (PEs) are suitable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Three aqueous PEs at 10 and 20%v/v application rates, distilled water (no spray) and acetamiprid were evaluated against aphids. The 3×2 factorial + 2 experiments were laid out in an RCBD in the field and CRD for laboratory experiments. Leaves of Aloe zebrina and Melia azedarach and Capsicum annum fruits were dried and ground into powder. Water extracts were prepared and used at 10 and 20%v/v and compared with synthetic insecticide and distilled water in the laboratory. In field evaluations distilled water was replaced by unsprayed plots. All three PEs had insecticidal properties against aphids. During laboratory experiments C. annum 20%v/v killed 64.75% aphids and C. annum 10%v/v killed 63.85% aphids and they were significantly (p=0.007) different from other treatments after correcting for mortality. An average of 80.3% and 72.2% aphids were controlled by C. annum 20%v/v and A. zebrina 20%v/v during field trial, these were significant (p<0.001). A. zebrina extracts had both repellence and contact toxicity against aphids. All the PEs are suitable alternatives to aphicides for aphid management.
Preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of leaves extract of ac...Gulzar Alam
This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of extracts from Acacia catechu Willd leaves. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavones, and phenolic compounds. Extracts were prepared using petroleum ether, ethanol, and ethanol-water and screened for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The ethanolic extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity, while the petroleum ether extract showed the lowest. Overall, the ethanolic extract was found to have the broadest antimicrobial effects and potential as an antimicrobial agent after further investigation.
Study of invitro antioxidant, anti inflammatory and acid-base indicator prope...pharmaindexing
This document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and acid-base indicator properties of flower extracts from five plants - Bougainvillea glabra, Butea monosperma, Calendula officinalis, Ixora coccinea, and Hibiscus rosasinensis. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and anthocyanins in the extracts. The extracts showed color changes with varying pH. In assays, the extracts demonstrated antioxidant effects in a DPPH radical scavenging test and anti-inflammatory effects by membrane stabilization. The extracts also could serve as acid-base indicators
This document presents research investigating the antifungal properties of Eucalyptus australe. Various concentrations of alcoholic extracts from the roots, shoots, and seeds of E. australe were tested against four fungal pathogens: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, and Microsporum fulvum. The extracts inhibited the radial growth of all four fungi, with higher concentrations causing greater inhibition. Root, shoot, and seed extracts all demonstrated antifungal effects. The inhibition increased from the 5th to 7th day of incubation and with increasing extract concentration. This indicates E. australe possesses antifungal compounds and has potential for development as an ant
Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration in Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) M...IOSR Journals
An efficient protocol was devised for rapid callus induction and plantlet regeneration from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus. For callus induction, auxins such as 2, 4-D, IAA, NAA alone and in combination with cytokinin BAP were used. The most effective medium for callus induction and shoot regeneration was M S medium fortified with 8mg/l BAP and 2mg/l NAA, on which multiple shoots were obtained after 15 days of callus induction. All the in vitro raised shoots with length of 3-5 cm were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA. The best rooting response was observed on half strength M S liquid medium supplemented with 3mg/l IBA. The established plantlets obtained were subjected to hardening and acclimatisation by transferring to polycups containing sterile soil for 3-4 weeks and then to the field, where
85% survived to maturity
This study investigated the effects of various plant defense hormones and wounding on the levels of triterpene glycosides (actein and deoxyactein) in black cohosh rhizomes. Salicylic acid treatment significantly increased the levels of both actein and deoxyactein compared to untreated controls, suggesting salicylic acid plays a role in regulating the synthesis of these secondary metabolites. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, and wounding had no significant effect on actein or deoxyactein levels. Increasing glycoside levels through salicylic acid treatment could help supply the herbal supplement industry while also helping to conserve wild black cohosh populations.
This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition properties of Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts. Methanol extracts showed the highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids. In antimicrobial testing, the methanol extract demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 15-62.5 μg/ml depending on the microorganism. In alpha-glucosidase inhibition assays, the methanol extract and positive control both achieved over 80% inhibition, suggesting compounds in the leaves may help manage diabetes. Overall, the results correlated antimicrobial and anti-diabetic activities with the high phenolic and
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAPSAICIN FROM IN VITRO CULTIVATED AND NATURALLY CULTIVA...Dr Dama
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAPSAICIN FROM IN VITRO CULTIVATED AND NATURALLY CULTIVATED CAPSICUM FRUITS EXTRACTS
*Vinchurkar A.S., *Sonawane S. R., *Sherkhane S.S., *Mane P. P., *Valsange A.B. and *Dama L. B.
Efficacy of aqueous extracts of Aloe zebrina Baker, Capsicum annum L. and Mel...Innspub Net
Low cotton yields in Zimbabwe are mainly caused by infestation by high numbers of insect pests, diseases, poor agronomic practices and poor season quality. Aphids cause considerable yield loss in cotton. Control methods implemented for aphids include cultural approaches, chemical and biological control and use of biopesticides. Synthetic pesticides used by farmers have problems of environmental contamination, toxicity to non-target organisms, resistance by pests and toxicity to humans among others. Plant extracts (PEs) are suitable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Three aqueous PEs at 10 and 20%v/v application rates, distilled water (no spray) and acetamiprid were evaluated against aphids. The 3×2 factorial + 2 experiments were laid out in an RCBD in the field and CRD for laboratory experiments. Leaves of Aloe zebrina and Melia azedarach and Capsicum annum fruits were dried and ground into powder. Water extracts were prepared and used at 10 and 20%v/v and compared with synthetic insecticide and distilled water in the laboratory. In field evaluations distilled water was replaced by unsprayed plots. All three PEs had insecticidal properties against aphids. During laboratory experiments C. annum 20%v/v killed 64.75% aphids and C. annum 10%v/v killed 63.85% aphids and they were significantly (p=0.007) different from other treatments after correcting for mortality. An average of 80.3% and 72.2% aphids were controlled by C. annum 20%v/v and A. zebrina 20%v/v during field trial, these were significant (p<0.001). A. zebrina extracts had both repellence and contact toxicity against aphids. All the PEs are suitable alternatives to aphicides for aphid management.
Preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of leaves extract of ac...Gulzar Alam
This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of extracts from Acacia catechu Willd leaves. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavones, and phenolic compounds. Extracts were prepared using petroleum ether, ethanol, and ethanol-water and screened for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The ethanolic extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity, while the petroleum ether extract showed the lowest. Overall, the ethanolic extract was found to have the broadest antimicrobial effects and potential as an antimicrobial agent after further investigation.
Study of invitro antioxidant, anti inflammatory and acid-base indicator prope...pharmaindexing
This document summarizes a study that investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and acid-base indicator properties of flower extracts from five plants - Bougainvillea glabra, Butea monosperma, Calendula officinalis, Ixora coccinea, and Hibiscus rosasinensis. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and anthocyanins in the extracts. The extracts showed color changes with varying pH. In assays, the extracts demonstrated antioxidant effects in a DPPH radical scavenging test and anti-inflammatory effects by membrane stabilization. The extracts also could serve as acid-base indicators
This document presents research investigating the antifungal properties of Eucalyptus australe. Various concentrations of alcoholic extracts from the roots, shoots, and seeds of E. australe were tested against four fungal pathogens: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, and Microsporum fulvum. The extracts inhibited the radial growth of all four fungi, with higher concentrations causing greater inhibition. Root, shoot, and seed extracts all demonstrated antifungal effects. The inhibition increased from the 5th to 7th day of incubation and with increasing extract concentration. This indicates E. australe possesses antifungal compounds and has potential for development as an ant
Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration in Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) M...IOSR Journals
An efficient protocol was devised for rapid callus induction and plantlet regeneration from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus. For callus induction, auxins such as 2, 4-D, IAA, NAA alone and in combination with cytokinin BAP were used. The most effective medium for callus induction and shoot regeneration was M S medium fortified with 8mg/l BAP and 2mg/l NAA, on which multiple shoots were obtained after 15 days of callus induction. All the in vitro raised shoots with length of 3-5 cm were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA. The best rooting response was observed on half strength M S liquid medium supplemented with 3mg/l IBA. The established plantlets obtained were subjected to hardening and acclimatisation by transferring to polycups containing sterile soil for 3-4 weeks and then to the field, where
85% survived to maturity
This study investigated the effects of various plant defense hormones and wounding on the levels of triterpene glycosides (actein and deoxyactein) in black cohosh rhizomes. Salicylic acid treatment significantly increased the levels of both actein and deoxyactein compared to untreated controls, suggesting salicylic acid plays a role in regulating the synthesis of these secondary metabolites. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, and wounding had no significant effect on actein or deoxyactein levels. Increasing glycoside levels through salicylic acid treatment could help supply the herbal supplement industry while also helping to conserve wild black cohosh populations.
This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition properties of Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts. Methanol extracts showed the highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids. In antimicrobial testing, the methanol extract demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 15-62.5 μg/ml depending on the microorganism. In alpha-glucosidase inhibition assays, the methanol extract and positive control both achieved over 80% inhibition, suggesting compounds in the leaves may help manage diabetes. Overall, the results correlated antimicrobial and anti-diabetic activities with the high phenolic and
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAPSAICIN FROM IN VITRO CULTIVATED AND NATURALLY CULTIVA...Dr Dama
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAPSAICIN FROM IN VITRO CULTIVATED AND NATURALLY CULTIVATED CAPSICUM FRUITS EXTRACTS
*Vinchurkar A.S., *Sonawane S. R., *Sherkhane S.S., *Mane P. P., *Valsange A.B. and *Dama L. B.
Phenolic compounds from artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) by Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds extracted from different parts of artichoke plants. The researchers found that methanolic extracts of bound phenols from artichoke bracts and hearts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, bound phenols from hearts had MIC values of 63μg/ml, while bound phenols from bracts ranged from 312-486μg/ml against gram-negative bacteria and 486μg/ml against gram-positive bacteria. Free phenols from hearts also demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 204-206μg/ml against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the
This document summarizes a study on the insecticidal properties of extracts from different parts of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) against Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous pest. Hexane extracts of whole periwinkle seeds were the most effective at reducing pupal survival, weight, and length of H. armigera, as well as adult emergence. Fractionation of the seed extract yielded a fraction containing fatty acids that showed high larval mortality. Gas chromatography identified oleic, linoleic, palmitic and margaric acids as major constituents, suggesting fatty acids contribute to the insecticidal activity.
Allelopathic Effect of Leaf Extract of Ochlandra travancorica on the Germinat...BRNSS Publication Hub
In the present investigation, aqueous extracts prepared from fresh leaf and dry leaf of Ochlandra travancorica showed inhibitory effects on seed germination in Cicer arietinum (Bengal gram), in different concentrations. The allelopathic effect of the fresh and dry leaf extracts of O. travancorica shows that it decreases the rate of seed germination in C. arietinum with an increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts. The maximum percentage of germination was recorded at control condition and the minimum percentage or no growth was recorded in 10%, 20%, 50%, and 100%. The germination rate at a concentration <10% was taken for biochemical and phytochemical analysis. The biochemical components and some active constituents like the secondary metabolites in the shoot, leaf, and cotyledon were also analyzed. The pigment analysis of the germinated leaves was also undertaken. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect on the germination of seeds may be due to allelopathy and the allelochemicals present in the leaves of this bamboo species.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition of extracts from Catharanthus roseus against wound isolates. Key findings include:
1) Ethanolic extracts of C. roseus showed the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids in extracts.
2) Against various wound pathogens, ethanolic extracts were most effective against P. aeruginosa, followed by S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes.
3) Thin layer chromatography identified brown spots in ethanolic extracts and yellow spots in
Optimization of antibiotic activity of composites of ethanolic extracts of fl...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The generation of pathogenic microorgannisms is overwhelming the potency, safety and cost of synthetic antibiotics. The study south insight for the use of plant materials to fight microbes and optimized antibiotic activity of pure, binary and ternary blends of ethanol extracts of flower of Mangifera india, Gongronema latifolium leaves, Citrus sinensis peel on Streptococcus aureus using the Simplex Lattice {3,3} mixture experimental design of the response surface methodology (RSM). Fourteen (14) blends of the plants' parts were produced and tested on the S. aureus. Inhibition zones inhibited by the extract blends ranged between 11-19 mm. Blends C and BC exhibited the highest value of 19 mm. Other blends equally exhibited some inhibition effects on the growth of the test microorganism, however, decreasing in values as their proportions in the blends carried. ANOVA on the data revealed that the model of the experiment was significant (p<0.05; R 2 =0.8350), the pure; A, B, C, and the ternary blends, ABC, were significant in the model (p<0.05). Although other blends were n ot statistically significant (p>0.05), the graphic and the equation indicated their positive contributions to the model. The model showed overall mean inhibition zone of 14.11 mm compared to 22.5 mm observed in Levofloxacin on the test organism. The study showed that ethanolic extracts of the plants' parts could provide the basis for engineering and synthesis of potent antibiotics.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali ...researchplantsciences
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,.The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
Some Natural Herbs in India and Their Effectiveness in Water Purificationinventy
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of natural herbs in India for water purification. The study tested extracts from leaves and fruits of Ocimum Sanctum, Azadirachta indica, Triticum aestivum, Phyllanthus emblica, and Strychnos potatorum individually and in mixtures for their ability to remove E. coli bacteria from water. Testing showed that a 1% concentration of each herb extract was most effective at removing E. coli. Of the individual herbs, Ocimum Sanctum was the most effective at removing E. coli, with 82.15% removal observed. A mixture of Ocimum Sanctum, Azadirachta indica, and
Phytochemical Analysis of some Macrophytes of Lake Kondakarla, Visakhapatnam ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Asparagus Racemosus Willd–A Medici...IJSTA
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Asparagus racemosus Willd, a medicinal plant, against various bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts were obtained from the plant's leaves using solvents like petroleum ether, methanol, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and water. The effect of these extracts was tested on gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas), and the yeast Candida utilis using an agar well diffusion method. The methanol extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity. The study supports the traditional use of the whole plant as a
Antifungal Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Xanthium strumariumDheeraj Vasu
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antifungal activities and phytochemical composition of Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur) extracts. Leaf extracts of X. strumarium in distilled water and methanol were tested against 5 fungi (Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotium rolfsii) at concentrations from 50-250 mg/ml. Both extracts inhibited fungal growth, with methanol extracts completely inhibiting some fungi at higher concentrations. F. oxysporum was most susceptible while A. brassicae and B. cinerea were most resistant. Phytochem
Antibacterial Screening of Different Parts Datura alba NeesMusfirah Anjum
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of different extracts (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone) of leaves, flowers, seeds, and stem of Datura alba plant against four bacterial strains. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers showed the highest activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The seed extracts showed minimal activity compared to other plant parts. In general, the extracts showed higher activity against gram-positive versus gram-negative bacteria. The results indicate that D. alba extracts have potential as sources of antibacterial compounds.
This study investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia annua L. on the morphological characteristics of Lactuca sativa L. Seedlings were treated with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of A. annua extract. Higher extract concentrations significantly reduced the germination percentage and rate, as well as the plumule and radicle lengths, fresh weight, and dry weight of L. sativa seedlings compared to the control. The results indicate that A. annua extract has allelopathic properties that inhibit the early growth of L. sativa in a dose-dependent manner.
The document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized the fungus Aspergillus flavus TEAK 07 for its ability to decolorize the reactive textile dye Reactive Red 120. A. flavus TEAK 07 showed greater decolorization efficiency than the reference strain. The study optimized various factors affecting decolorization, finding pH 5.5 and 28°C provided optimal conditions. Glucose and ammonium nitrate served as the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Seed germination tests showed the decolorized dye was less toxic than the original dye.
Phytochemical analyses of aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants from gabon...Alexander Decker
This article summarizes a study that analyzed the phytochemical composition of aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants used in Gabon, Pseudospondias longifolia and Antrocaryon klaineanum. Phytochemical screening found alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and reductor compounds in extracts of both plants, while flavonoids were only present in P. longifolia extracts. Sterols and terpenoids were not detected in either plant. The results provide insight into the biochemical basis for the traditional medicinal uses of the plants.
Controlled environment system and method for rapid propagation of saba banana...Innspub Net
Conventional propagation practices of banana challenge the production of disease-free planting materials. This study evaluates the use of misting system and different plant growth enhancers, Benzyl Amino Purine at 2mg/l and Napthalene Acetic Acid at 0.93g/L, on plantlet development of Saba banana (Musa balbisiana) macropropagated under glasshouse conditions. A total of 36 corms are equally distributed in three propagators. Four growth parameters are observed and analysed using factorial in Completely Randomized Design in first generation plantlets (GP1) and second generation plantlets (GP2). Results show that the use of misting system significantly increased (p<0.01) all the growth parameters tested during the first and second cycles. The growth enhancers significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (p<0.01), (GP1, GP2) and increased the number of shoots emerged (p<0.01) (GP1, GP2), shoot collar diameter (p<0.01) (GP1) (p<0.05) (GP2), and total leaf area (p<0.05) (GP1) (p<0.01) (GP2). The interaction of the two factors has significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (P ≤ 0.05), produced the most number of shoots (P ≤ 0.01) and the largest total leaf area (P ≤ 0.05) in GP2. The findings suggest that the combined use of misting system and plant growth enhancers accelerates the growth of macropropagated Saba banana.
Phytochemical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographispaniculataiosrjce
The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature’s
Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for
curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide
research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the
above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of
various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the
phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method
Pharmacognostic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of fractions of the l...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This document summarizes a study that investigated the pharmacognostic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Kigelia africana Lam. Benth leaves. Pharmacognostic evaluation of the leaf's physical characteristics and microscopic anatomy was performed. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The crude methanol extract and fractions showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assays. Testing against bacterial and fungal strains found that the crude extract and fractions inhibited the growth of most pathogens, except the aqueous fraction. The results support traditional use of K. africana for treating infectious diseases.
A study of the antimicrobial potency of adenia cissampeloidesAlexander Decker
This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of extracts from Adenia cissampeloides against bacteria and fungi. Ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts of leaves and stems were tested against microorganisms. The stem extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration tests determined that extracts inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and other test microbes. Overall, the results demonstrated that A. cissampeloides extracts have antimicrobial and antifungal properties with varying effectiveness against the pathogens tested.
A study of the antimicrobial potency of adenia cissampeloidesAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of extracts from Adenia cissampeloides against bacteria and fungi. Ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts of leaves and stem were tested against 2 gram-negative bacteria, 1 gram-positive bacteria, and 2 fungi species. The stem extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while the extracts demonstrated antifungal effects against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical analysis revealed various compounds in the extracts that may contribute to their antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
This study investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia annua L. on the morphological characteristics of Lactuca sativa L. Seedlings were treated with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of A. annua extract. Higher extract concentrations significantly reduced the germination percentage and rate, as well as the plumule and radicle lengths, fresh weight, and dry weight of L. sativa seedlings compared to the control. The results indicate that A. annua extract has allelopathic properties that inhibit the early growth of L. sativa in a dose-dependent manner.
Phenolic compounds from artichoke (cynara scolymus l.) by Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds extracted from different parts of artichoke plants. The researchers found that methanolic extracts of bound phenols from artichoke bracts and hearts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, bound phenols from hearts had MIC values of 63μg/ml, while bound phenols from bracts ranged from 312-486μg/ml against gram-negative bacteria and 486μg/ml against gram-positive bacteria. Free phenols from hearts also demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 204-206μg/ml against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the
This document summarizes a study on the insecticidal properties of extracts from different parts of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) against Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous pest. Hexane extracts of whole periwinkle seeds were the most effective at reducing pupal survival, weight, and length of H. armigera, as well as adult emergence. Fractionation of the seed extract yielded a fraction containing fatty acids that showed high larval mortality. Gas chromatography identified oleic, linoleic, palmitic and margaric acids as major constituents, suggesting fatty acids contribute to the insecticidal activity.
Allelopathic Effect of Leaf Extract of Ochlandra travancorica on the Germinat...BRNSS Publication Hub
In the present investigation, aqueous extracts prepared from fresh leaf and dry leaf of Ochlandra travancorica showed inhibitory effects on seed germination in Cicer arietinum (Bengal gram), in different concentrations. The allelopathic effect of the fresh and dry leaf extracts of O. travancorica shows that it decreases the rate of seed germination in C. arietinum with an increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts. The maximum percentage of germination was recorded at control condition and the minimum percentage or no growth was recorded in 10%, 20%, 50%, and 100%. The germination rate at a concentration <10% was taken for biochemical and phytochemical analysis. The biochemical components and some active constituents like the secondary metabolites in the shoot, leaf, and cotyledon were also analyzed. The pigment analysis of the germinated leaves was also undertaken. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect on the germination of seeds may be due to allelopathy and the allelochemicals present in the leaves of this bamboo species.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition of extracts from Catharanthus roseus against wound isolates. Key findings include:
1) Ethanolic extracts of C. roseus showed the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids in extracts.
2) Against various wound pathogens, ethanolic extracts were most effective against P. aeruginosa, followed by S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes.
3) Thin layer chromatography identified brown spots in ethanolic extracts and yellow spots in
Optimization of antibiotic activity of composites of ethanolic extracts of fl...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The generation of pathogenic microorgannisms is overwhelming the potency, safety and cost of synthetic antibiotics. The study south insight for the use of plant materials to fight microbes and optimized antibiotic activity of pure, binary and ternary blends of ethanol extracts of flower of Mangifera india, Gongronema latifolium leaves, Citrus sinensis peel on Streptococcus aureus using the Simplex Lattice {3,3} mixture experimental design of the response surface methodology (RSM). Fourteen (14) blends of the plants' parts were produced and tested on the S. aureus. Inhibition zones inhibited by the extract blends ranged between 11-19 mm. Blends C and BC exhibited the highest value of 19 mm. Other blends equally exhibited some inhibition effects on the growth of the test microorganism, however, decreasing in values as their proportions in the blends carried. ANOVA on the data revealed that the model of the experiment was significant (p<0.05; R 2 =0.8350), the pure; A, B, C, and the ternary blends, ABC, were significant in the model (p<0.05). Although other blends were n ot statistically significant (p>0.05), the graphic and the equation indicated their positive contributions to the model. The model showed overall mean inhibition zone of 14.11 mm compared to 22.5 mm observed in Levofloxacin on the test organism. The study showed that ethanolic extracts of the plants' parts could provide the basis for engineering and synthesis of potent antibiotics.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali ...researchplantsciences
In the present work an attempt has been made to carry out screening for the preliminary antibacterial activity of different plants used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalis forest. Fifteen plants were selected for preliminary screening for their antibacterial potentiality, The antibacterial activity was done against four bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,.The preliminary screening experiment revealed that methanol extracts were more potent than the aqueous extracts. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumoniae and the most resistant bacteria were E. coli. Bauhinia racemosa L. exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity.
Article Citation:
Khaleel Basha S, Sudarsanam G, Hari Babu Rao D, Niaz Parveen.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by Sugali tribe of Yerramalais forest of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 027-031.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0003.pdf
Some Natural Herbs in India and Their Effectiveness in Water Purificationinventy
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of natural herbs in India for water purification. The study tested extracts from leaves and fruits of Ocimum Sanctum, Azadirachta indica, Triticum aestivum, Phyllanthus emblica, and Strychnos potatorum individually and in mixtures for their ability to remove E. coli bacteria from water. Testing showed that a 1% concentration of each herb extract was most effective at removing E. coli. Of the individual herbs, Ocimum Sanctum was the most effective at removing E. coli, with 82.15% removal observed. A mixture of Ocimum Sanctum, Azadirachta indica, and
Phytochemical Analysis of some Macrophytes of Lake Kondakarla, Visakhapatnam ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Asparagus Racemosus Willd–A Medici...IJSTA
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Asparagus racemosus Willd, a medicinal plant, against various bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts were obtained from the plant's leaves using solvents like petroleum ether, methanol, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and water. The effect of these extracts was tested on gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas), and the yeast Candida utilis using an agar well diffusion method. The methanol extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity. The study supports the traditional use of the whole plant as a
Antifungal Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Xanthium strumariumDheeraj Vasu
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antifungal activities and phytochemical composition of Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur) extracts. Leaf extracts of X. strumarium in distilled water and methanol were tested against 5 fungi (Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotium rolfsii) at concentrations from 50-250 mg/ml. Both extracts inhibited fungal growth, with methanol extracts completely inhibiting some fungi at higher concentrations. F. oxysporum was most susceptible while A. brassicae and B. cinerea were most resistant. Phytochem
Antibacterial Screening of Different Parts Datura alba NeesMusfirah Anjum
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of different extracts (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone) of leaves, flowers, seeds, and stem of Datura alba plant against four bacterial strains. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers showed the highest activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The seed extracts showed minimal activity compared to other plant parts. In general, the extracts showed higher activity against gram-positive versus gram-negative bacteria. The results indicate that D. alba extracts have potential as sources of antibacterial compounds.
This study investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia annua L. on the morphological characteristics of Lactuca sativa L. Seedlings were treated with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of A. annua extract. Higher extract concentrations significantly reduced the germination percentage and rate, as well as the plumule and radicle lengths, fresh weight, and dry weight of L. sativa seedlings compared to the control. The results indicate that A. annua extract has allelopathic properties that inhibit the early growth of L. sativa in a dose-dependent manner.
The document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized the fungus Aspergillus flavus TEAK 07 for its ability to decolorize the reactive textile dye Reactive Red 120. A. flavus TEAK 07 showed greater decolorization efficiency than the reference strain. The study optimized various factors affecting decolorization, finding pH 5.5 and 28°C provided optimal conditions. Glucose and ammonium nitrate served as the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Seed germination tests showed the decolorized dye was less toxic than the original dye.
Phytochemical analyses of aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants from gabon...Alexander Decker
This article summarizes a study that analyzed the phytochemical composition of aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants used in Gabon, Pseudospondias longifolia and Antrocaryon klaineanum. Phytochemical screening found alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and reductor compounds in extracts of both plants, while flavonoids were only present in P. longifolia extracts. Sterols and terpenoids were not detected in either plant. The results provide insight into the biochemical basis for the traditional medicinal uses of the plants.
Controlled environment system and method for rapid propagation of saba banana...Innspub Net
Conventional propagation practices of banana challenge the production of disease-free planting materials. This study evaluates the use of misting system and different plant growth enhancers, Benzyl Amino Purine at 2mg/l and Napthalene Acetic Acid at 0.93g/L, on plantlet development of Saba banana (Musa balbisiana) macropropagated under glasshouse conditions. A total of 36 corms are equally distributed in three propagators. Four growth parameters are observed and analysed using factorial in Completely Randomized Design in first generation plantlets (GP1) and second generation plantlets (GP2). Results show that the use of misting system significantly increased (p<0.01) all the growth parameters tested during the first and second cycles. The growth enhancers significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (p<0.01), (GP1, GP2) and increased the number of shoots emerged (p<0.01) (GP1, GP2), shoot collar diameter (p<0.01) (GP1) (p<0.05) (GP2), and total leaf area (p<0.05) (GP1) (p<0.01) (GP2). The interaction of the two factors has significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (P ≤ 0.05), produced the most number of shoots (P ≤ 0.01) and the largest total leaf area (P ≤ 0.05) in GP2. The findings suggest that the combined use of misting system and plant growth enhancers accelerates the growth of macropropagated Saba banana.
Phytochemical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographispaniculataiosrjce
The Herbal medicine today ensures safety in contrast to the synthetic preparations. Herbs the Nature’s
Physician, have been reported as an important source of medicine for years and years. Using of herbs for
curing diseases dated back to prehistory and people of all continents have this old tradition.Recently, wide
research proposals highlight the property of medico potential from phytalsources. My herb of interest is also the
above said, ofcourseAndrographispaniculata (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of
various ailments, which has been documented in history of all civilizations. The present study is to learn the
phytochemical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the above using disc diffusion method
Pharmacognostic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of fractions of the l...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This document summarizes a study that investigated the pharmacognostic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Kigelia africana Lam. Benth leaves. Pharmacognostic evaluation of the leaf's physical characteristics and microscopic anatomy was performed. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The crude methanol extract and fractions showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assays. Testing against bacterial and fungal strains found that the crude extract and fractions inhibited the growth of most pathogens, except the aqueous fraction. The results support traditional use of K. africana for treating infectious diseases.
A study of the antimicrobial potency of adenia cissampeloidesAlexander Decker
This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of extracts from Adenia cissampeloides against bacteria and fungi. Ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts of leaves and stems were tested against microorganisms. The stem extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration tests determined that extracts inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and other test microbes. Overall, the results demonstrated that A. cissampeloides extracts have antimicrobial and antifungal properties with varying effectiveness against the pathogens tested.
A study of the antimicrobial potency of adenia cissampeloidesAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of extracts from Adenia cissampeloides against bacteria and fungi. Ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts of leaves and stem were tested against 2 gram-negative bacteria, 1 gram-positive bacteria, and 2 fungi species. The stem extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while the extracts demonstrated antifungal effects against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical analysis revealed various compounds in the extracts that may contribute to their antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
This study investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia annua L. on the morphological characteristics of Lactuca sativa L. Seedlings were treated with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of A. annua extract. Higher extract concentrations significantly reduced the germination percentage and rate, as well as the plumule and radicle lengths, fresh weight, and dry weight of L. sativa seedlings compared to the control. The results indicate that A. annua extract has allelopathic properties that inhibit the early growth of L. sativa in a dose-dependent manner.
This document presents the results of a study analyzing the phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts from different parts of Rheum ribes L. Qualitative tests showed the presence of phenolics and tannins in all parts tested. Quantitatively, the macerated flowers extract had the highest total phenolic and tannin contents. In antioxidant assays, the macerated flowers extract showed the strongest ABTS radical scavenging and ferric reducing activity, while the macerated leaves and Soxhlet radix extracts exhibited the strongest DPPH scavenging and cupric reducing activity respectively. The Soxhlet young shoots extracts displayed the highest anticholinesterase activity. All extracts showed low anti-urease
Phytochemical property and oral toxicity safety of Chrysophyllum caimito and ...Open Access Research Paper
The century-old practice of herbal medication in animals still persists in local communities despite the contemporary advances in veterinary health care today. The numerous benefits including convenience of use, accessibility, inexpensiveness and insignificant side effects when compared to synthetic veterinary medicines in which drug resistance and residuals are linked. This research work aimed to elucidate the presence of bioactive components and determine the margin of safety of Chrysophyllum cainito (Caimito) and Psidium guajava (Guava) ethanolic bark extracts which are among the selection of documented herbals reliably utilized for gastro-intestinal sicknesses in farm animals. Qualitative phytochemical screening exemplified the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, xanthoproteins, steroids and coumarin. Avian acute oral toxicity testing denoted that 2000mg/kg dosage was adequate and safe to use in Sasso chickens as substantiated by insignificant effect to body weight, SGOT and uric acid values and the non-appearance of toxicity symptoms including death. The secondary metabolites demonstrated in these plants explicate the pharmacological activities which can be utilized as potential alternatives to current medication strategies in animals.
Antifeedant test extracts of Hutun seeds against caterpillar pests Plutella x...AI Publications
Application of the bioactive extract of the hutun seed (Barringtonia asiatica L.kurz) as an antifeedant in the Plutella xylostella Lcaterpillar pest on sawi plants ( Brassica juncea L.) was carried out. This study aims to determine the antifeedant activity of the hutun seed extract in controlling the caterpillar sawi Plutella xylostella. The method used in this research is a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The concentrations used are 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm as well as positive control and negative control. The results of the study were tested with one-way ANOVA and continued with the Least Significant Difference test (LSD). Results of the study show that there are differences antifeedant activity caterpillar pests Plutella xylostella on sawi plants that significant at different levels of concentration. The study was conducted in several stages starting from the stage of extraction of the hutun seed, phytochemical test, preparation of caterpillar test, antifeedant activity testing. As the treatment is the level of methanol concentration of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm. The parameter observed was the percentage of Feeding Reduction (FR). The test results showed antifeedant activity against caterpillars of Plutella xylostella supreme contained at a concentration of 500 ppm and 1000 ppm because it can hinder eating caterpillars test amounted to 27.80 % and 40.93 %.
Allelochemicals of Neea theifera Oerst. (Nyctaginaceae) with phytotoxic poten...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Plant species able to produce phytotoxic substances are widely studied in agronomy because when identified and isolated can lead to herbicides or insecticides less toxic than current pesticides. Knowing the ecological characteristics of the Neea theifera species in cerrado biome, this study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of extracts and fractions of leaves and screen the secondary compounds in the methanol extract. The organic extracts and fractions showed phytotoxic potential in germination indexes, the initial growth of the root system and the mitotic index of L. sativa. In phytochemical screening performed by HPLC-PAD was possible to identify the presence of phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids, a secondary class of compounds widely known in the literature for its medicinal and allelopathic actions. Therefore, according to the results it can be concluded that the species N. theifera is capable of producing phytotoxic compounds, since the leaf extracts and fractions changed the pattern germination indexes, root length and mitotic index of lettuce.
This document evaluates the toxicity of Alternanthera brasiliana and cypermethrin-treated Amaranthus cruentus when fed to Wistar rats. Amaranthus cruentus seeds were planted and treated with different concentrations of A. brasiliana extract and cypermethrin. The treated plants were fed to rats for 30 days, after which the histopathology of their livers and kidneys were examined. Results showed the 100% A. brasiliana extract had no significant effects on plant growth and caused less tissue damage than cypermethrin. This suggests A. brasiliana is safer than synthetic insecticides and vegetables treated with its extract would be safe for human consumption.
Preliminary Study of Phytochemical Constituents and Acute Toxicity of Hibiscu...ijtsrd
This study was done to assess the phytochemical constituents and acute toxicity of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and leaf extract. The crude extract of the plant parts were obtained after solvent percolation and drying. Then, the presence of tannins, saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenol were assessed qualitatively. Also, albino rats Rattus norvegicus were used to assess the toxicity level of the plant materials, haematological and biochemical parameters of the test animal blood were also assessed. The results revealed that the two plant parts contained alkaloids, tannins, saponin, phenol and flavonoids. Also, In the acute toxicity assay, the oral lethal dose LD50 of 5000 mg kg bw and 2236.07 mg kg bw were recorded respectively for the calyx and leaf extract of the plant. The plant calyx and leaf extracts showed no significant p 0.05 effect on the levels of red blood cells RBC , white blood cells WBC , packed cell volume PCV , and haemoglobin concentration Hb albeit, the plant extracts had a significant increase effect on the platelet count of the rats. there was a significant increase in the alkaline phosphatase ALP , Alanine amino transaminase ALT and Aspartate amino transaminase AST in the group treated with the leaf extract compared with the control whereas the group treated with the calyx extract had comparable level of these enzymes with that of the control. These results has lent credence to the medicinal claim of the plant parts however, the leaf of the plant should be used in moderation. Dada, I. B. O. | Bada, S. O. "Preliminary Study of Phytochemical Constituents and Acute Toxicity of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extracts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29288.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/29288/preliminary-study-of-phytochemical-constituents-and-acute-toxicity-of-hibiscus-sabdariffa-extracts/dada-i-b-o
Reduction in Growth and Biological Pigments Present In Partheniumpaperpublications3
Abstract: Parthenium hysterophorus is a well-known weed with numerous harmful impacts. During the present work, aqueous leaf extract of Alstonia scholaris was found allelopathic to the seeds and seedlings of the target weed in laboratory conditions. The allelopathic leaf extract was also found effective against the biological pigments like Chlorophyll a and b followed by protein. Various biochemical tests were performed by which the presence of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones was confirmed in the aqueous allelopathic leaf extract.
The paucity of documented investigations on the effect of aqueous neem seed extract in the control of colour morphs of Myzus persicae necessitated the investigations of this study. Experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy of aqueous seed extracts of Azadirachta indica with Neemazal and Deltrin against Lemon and Dark green morphs of Myzus persicae. The effect of the extract on the aphid’s population and on plant biometrics was evaluated at three concentrations (viz 100%, 75% and 50% v/v). The effect of aqueous neem seed extracts were significant (P <0.05) compared to Deltrin and Neemazal. The efficacy of the extract in reducing lemon and dark green morphs of aphids increased with increasing concentration and duration of exposure. Lemon green morphs of M.persicae were most susceptible to the neem seed extract at all concentrations. At 168 hours after application of 100% aqueous neem seed extract, reductions in population of the morphs were 91.8% and 84.8% in lemon and dark green morphs respectively. However, this concentration was toxic as localized lesions were observed on the leaves of chili pepper.The application of 50% aqueous neem seedextract was non toxic and proffers an efficacious, ecofriendly, cheap and more effective method of control of the imminent pest.
Allelopathic effects of weeds extract on seed germination of Trachyspermum co...Innspub Net
Seed germination stage is one of the most basic growth stages in medicinal plants that may be adversely affected by the chemicals released from other plants in the soil environment. The present study was performed to investigate the allelopathic effects of weeds, including (Xanthium strumarium, Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album) as common weeds in medicinal plant's farms, on seed germination parameters, total dry weight and allometry coefficient of Trachyspermum copticum L., Foeniculum vulgare and Cuminum cyminum L. in laboratory conditions. Treatments included extracts of all organs of three weed species, applied on the seeds of the medicinal plants at three concentrations of zero (distilled water), 50 and 100% by volume. The results showed that the extracts of mentioned weed species had a significant inhibitory effect on germination characteristics of the studied medicinal plants. The greatest negative impact on seed germination was recorded for the extract of Amaranthus retroflexus, but Trachyspermum copticum L. showed a better resistance to the extract of Amaranthus retroflexus as compared to Foeniculum vulgare and Cuminum cyminum. Get the full articles at: http://bit.ly/1NaHI5u
Free radical scavenging activity, phytochemistry and antimicrobial properties...Premier Publishers
This study is aimed at investigating the phytochemistry, free radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera seeds. The results of the analysis of Tetrapleura tetraptera seeds showed the presence of phenols (0.34 %), flavonoids (0.91 %), alkaloids (0.52 %), tannins (0.23 %) and saponins (0.51 %). Vitamins include ascorbic acid (5.23 %), riboflavin (0.11 %), niacin (1.25 %),-carotenoid (3.40 %) and thiamine (0.06 %). Proximate compositions were moisture (14.73 %), ash (7.30 %), crude protein (17.36 %), crude fibre (6.68 %) and lipids (35.19 %). Mineral elements were calcium (1.41 %), magnesium (0.48 %), potassium (0.56 %), sodium (0.21 %), phosphorus (0.32 %), iron (1.20 %), copper (0.13 %) and zinc (0.77 %). The seed extract showed potent free radical scavenging activity (6.72 – 22.8 %) using ascorbic acid as a standard (12.10 - 42.00 %). The seed extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (7.00 – 20.00 mm) and the zones of inhibition were compared with that of ciprofloxacin as standard (15.00 – 28.00 mm). From these investigations, seed extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera has proven to be considered an excellent source of nutriceuticals, a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents owing to its high level of phytochemical and vitamin constituents.
Effect of environmental pollution on the quality of an edible plant Alternant...Premier Publishers
The present study is the comparative analysis of phytochemical constituents and microbial load of an edible plant Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb collected from unpolluted and polluted site. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed with acetone, aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and petroleum ether extracts (unpolluted and polluted site) of A philoxeroides that showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, aminoacids, diterpenes, tannin, terpenoids, protein, steroid, oxalate, coumarin and quinones. The ethanol extract showed higher number of phytochemical constituents when compared to the other extract of unpolluted site. The microbial load is also enumerated in the unpolluted and polluted site. In conclusion, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of many phytoconstituents in ethanol extract and the microbial load is less in the unpolluted site when compared to the polluted site.
Invitro Study of Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Root Extract of Rauvolfia...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this study Methanolic and chloroform leaf and root extract of Rauvolfia serpentina was studied for its antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of leaf and root extracts was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia by disc diffusion method. Methanolic extract of root was showed the maximum zone of inhibition for all test organisms than the leaf extract. According to observations of root extract of 50µl/ml concentration 15.4mm, 16.2mm, 12.3mm,10.1mm and 15.0mm zones of inhibition and for concentration of 100µl/ml 22.5mm, 23.1mm, 15.1mm, 18.0mm, 22.0mm zones of inhibition were formed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia respectively. 50µl/ml concentration of leaf and root chloroform extracts showed no zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, maximum zone of inhibition was observed 15.0mm and 15.5mm against E. coli for leaf and root chloroform extract respectively. 100µl/ml concentration showed maximum zone of inhibition against all test organisms for both leaf and root extracts. All the bacteria were more susceptible to methanolic extracts than the chloroform extracts.
Similar to The pesticidal potential of Alternathera brasiliana in solving pest problems in agriculture (20)
Invitro Study of Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Root Extract of Rauvolfia...
The pesticidal potential of Alternathera brasiliana in solving pest problems in agriculture
1. RAHMANN G & AKSOY U (Eds.) (2014) Proceedings of the 4
th
ISOFAR Scientific Conference.
‘Building Organic Bridges’, at the Organic World Congress 2014, 13-15 Oct., Istanbul, Turkey (eprint ID 23975)
875
The pesticidal Potential of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) o.
Kuntze in Solving pest problem in organic agriculture
OLAJUMOKE OKE FAYINMINNU
1
, OLAWALE OREOLUWA SHIRO
2
Key words: Amaranthus cruentus, Alternanthera brasiliana, Hymenia recurvalis, phytochemicals, pesticidal
activity, toxicity
Abstract
This study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of University of Ibadan, Nigeria between
March and May 2013, to evaluate the pesticidal potential of A. brasiliana on H. recurvalis pest of A. cruentus.
There were six treatments of different serial concentration levels of 100, 75, 50 and 25% of A. brasiliana
extract, Cypermethrin (1ml/100mls) and control (no insecticide), replicated four times and laid out in a
randomized complete block design (RCBD) and applied on A. cruentus at 3 and 5 Weeks After Sowing
(WAS). Data collected were on plant height , number of leaves, stem girth, leaf area and fresh weight/yield of
A. cruentus and analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at P = 0.05. Results revealed the
presence of saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugar, glycosides and resins as the phytochemical compounds
present in A. brasiliana leaf powder. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among the treatments in
growth and yield parameters of A. cruentus. The pesticidal efficacy of A. brasiliana extract at 100% on
H.recurvalis insect pest compared favourably with synthetic cypermethrin and other treated plots in recording
highest while control recorded the lowest values in all parameters in the study. This study revealed that A.
brasiliana extract could suppress H. recurvalis insect pest and could be used as botanical pesticide in
Amaranthus cruentus production in organic farming.
Introduction
Synthetic pesticide misuse around the world has been known to cause costly environmental pollution
(Adesiyan, 2005) and disruption of the balance of nature. The indiscriminate use of chemicals in the control
of pests has led to problems such as pest resistance; toxic residues in agricultural produce, health hazards
to the users and unintentional deaths annually (Fuglie, 1998). Indiscriminate applications of synthetic
insecticides to vegetables have been reported to cause variable changes in brain on consumption
(Ecobichon et al., 1994).
Besides, generalized toxic effects of the insecticides include, decreased number of implantation sites,
decreased number of viable foetuses and weight gain of foetuses in rabbits have been reported (Elbetieha et
al., 2001). Some botanical pesticides with no toxic effects as that of synthetic have been reported by several
researchers as insecticides, acaricides, bactericides, antifungal and nematicides, include Essential oils from
sunflower, Neem (Azadiracta indica), (Bakali et al., 2008; Akhtar et al., 2008;). However, the need to screen
for more naturally occurring compounds in plants as bio-rational pesticides with low cash input, readily
available to farmers and eco-friendly in pest management and crop protection (Isman, 2006, Fayinminnu,
2010) led to the choice of A. brasiliana; an important perennial herb, native to tropical and subtropical
regions of Australia and South America, traditionally used as a galactagogue (induces milk secretion),
abortifacient (causes abortion) and febrifuge (alleviates fever), whose leaves are used like spinach in soups
and also used for indigestion being prospected for its insecticidal properties. The plant is known to be
medicinal: antibiotic and antiviral, antioxidant, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties (Mariani et al., 2008)
but not much has been done to exploit its insecticidal potentials.
Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the pesticidal potential of A. brasiliana leaf extract on H.
recurvalis insect pest of A. cruentus (green leafy vegetable) in organic agriculture.
1
Olajumoke Oke Fayinminnu: Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Email:
olorijkb2008@yahoo.co.uk and fk_ojo@yahoo.com
2
Shiro Olawale Oreoluwa: Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Email:
shiroiv@yahoo.com and olawale.shiro00@gmail.com
2. FAYINMINNU OO, SHIRO OO
The pesticidal Potential of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) o. Kuntze ins Solving pest problem in organic agriculture
876
Material and methods
The experiment was carried out between March and May 2013, at the Teaching and Research Farm and
Toxicology Laboratory of The Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology (CPEB), University
of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Seeds of A. cruentus used were collected from germplasm of the Faculty of
Agriculture and Forestry while the leaves of A. brasiliana were harvested from the Teaching and Research
Farm, University of Ibadan.
• Phytochemical Screening:
This was performed on the leaf powder of A. brasiliana in the Organic Laboratory of the Chemistry
Department, University of Ibadan. The phytochemical compounds were determined by the method of
Harbone and Sofola (2007).
• Preparation of Alternanthera brasiliana Leaf Powder Extract:
Extraction procedure was carried out in Toxicology Laboratory (CPEB) according to the method of Ahn and
Chung (2000) with a modification; One hundred and forty-four grams (144gms) of the leaves were used. The
leaves were air-dried for seven (7) days, cut into chips and milled into powder. The powder was soaked for
24 hours and the solution was filtered through muslin cloth to remove the debris. Filtrate obtained was
passed through Whatman No.1 filter paper. The final filtrate of plant part was considered as the full strength
(100%) of the aqueous extract. Serial dilutions were made to obtain 75%, 50% and 25% (v/v) strength. The
extracts were stored in refrigerator at 20oC for 24hours prior to use to prevent putrefaction and degradation
of phytochemicals present in them. The extracts were used for the bioassay.
• Field Work:
This was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Each
experimental plot size was 2m x 1m, replicated four times and laid out in a randomized complete block
design (RCBD). A. cruentus seeds were sown by drilling and later thinned to one seedling per stand at
2WAS. The six treatments of 100, 75, 50 and 25% of A. brasiliana extract, Cypermethrin (1ml/100mls) and
control (no insecticide) were applied as insecticide on A. cruentus at 3 and 5WAS.
• Data Collection and Statistical analysis
At weekly intervals, A.cruentus plants were assessed for growth parameters by measuring the plant height
(using meter rule), stem girth diameter at 1cm above soil level (using a pair of Vernier calliper), number of
leaves produced, leaf area and fresh weight/yield at harvest. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of
variance (ANOVA), the means were compared by Duncan`s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at
P = 0.05 for significance.
Results
Table 1: Phytochemicals Present in Leaf Powder of Alternanthera brasiliana
Compounds Powdered Leaf Extract
Saponins +
Flavonoids +
Phlobatanins -
Cardiac glycosides -
Alkaloids -
Reducing sugar +
Phenol -
Anthraquinones -
Glycosides +
Resins +
Steroids -
Tannins -
+ indicates presence
- indicates absence
3. RAHMANN G & AKSOY U (Eds.) (2014) Proceedings of the 4
th
ISOFAR Scientific Conference.
‘Building Organic Bridges’, at the Organic World Congress 2014, 13-15 Oct., Istanbul, Turkey (eprint ID 23975)
877
Table 2: Mean values of A. brasiliana Extract and Cypermethrin on Growth and Yield Parameters of A.
cruentus.
Plant Parameters at 3WAS Plant Parameters at 5WAS
PH
(cm)
SG
(cm)
NOL
LA
(cm
2
)
PH
(cm)
SG
(cm)
NOL
LA
(cm
2
)
Fr. Wt
Cypermethrin
(1ml/100mls) 20.00
a
0.11
c 10.30
a 20.00
a
20.00
a
20.41
a
0.11c 12.35a 36.41a
100% Extract 21.53
a
0.14
a 11.15
a 25.00
a
21.53
a
0.14
a 13.15
a 46.04
a
57.49
a
75% Extract 12.50
a
b 0.13
ab 10.45
a 15.00
a
16.23
b
0.13
ab 14.45
a 37.29
a
38.95
a
50% Extract 14.90
a
b 0.13
ab 10.00
a 10.00
a
14.92
b
0.13
ab 12.75
a 36.41
a
42.26
a
25% Extract 15.73
a
b 0.12
bc 11.50
a 12.50
a 16.74
a
b 0.12
bc 11.55
a 32.08
a
32.93
a
Control
(No
Insecticide)
10.00
c
0.11
c
7.50
a
12.50
a 17.31
a
b 0.11
c 11.35
a 26.08
a
20.93
ab
LSD(<0.05)
4.28 0.01
4.12
(NS)
20.70
(NS)
0.01
4.12
(NS)
22.71
(NS)
35.95
Means followed by the same alphabet(s) in each column are not significantly different from each other.
PH=Plant Height; SG=Stem Girth; NOL=Number of Leaves; LA=Leaf Area; WAS=Weeks After Sowing,
NS=Not Significant; Fr. wt. =Fresh weight.
Discussion
The results revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugar, glycosides and resins (Table 1)
as the phytochemical compounds present in Alternanthera brasiliana leaf powder extract. The growth
parameters of A.cruentus (Table 2) showed that, there were no significant differences (p<0.05) in NOL and
LA amongst all the treatments at 3 and 5 WAS. Although 100% extract of A. brasiliana recorded the highest
parameters while the control recorded the lowest. However, results shown significant differences (p<0.05)
amongst treatments in PH and SG at 3 and 5WAS (Table 2). The 100% extract followed the same trend in
recording highest parameters. The fresh weight/yield at harvest (Table 2) revealed significant difference
(p<0.05) between 100% and the control while with no significant difference (p<0.05) amongst other treated
plots. All plots treated with extracts of A. brasiliana at 50, 75 and 100% recorded higher yield over synthetic
cypermethrin at1ml/ 100ml (recommended dose). The control however, recorded a significant reduction in
yield (Table 2) compared with other treatments. This study showed the efficacy of 100% extract of
Alternanthera brasiliana and lends credence to Mariani et al (2008) who advocated that the plant is known to
contain insecticidal properties. The performance may be due to the presence of high concentrations of plant
secondary metabolites; saponins (anti-feedant), flavonoids (phenolic compounds) and glycosides (reduces
O2 utilization) that might have affected and suppressed the insect pest as reported by Isman (2006) that
secondary compounds like alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic, flavonoids, chromenes and other minor chemicals
are toxic to insects.
Suggestions
The use of synthetic chemicals will be tightly regulated in the future due to the well-documented
environmental risks and this may lead to a growing demand for biological plant protection agents because
sustainable food security cannot continue to rely on them. The production and utilization of bio-pesticides
should become a common practice. It seems evident that extracts of A. brasiliana as plant-derived
insecticides against H. recurvalis fits well with food and agriculture policies directed to the future. It therefore
comes highly recommended to farmers.
However, further studies needs to be carried out on pesticidal activity of A. brasiliana as a bio-pesticide, to
remove limitations in bio-pesticides raw material availability, potency variations, standardization of extraction
methods, quality control and shelf life. This will promote organic farming, Integrated Pest Management and
increase global food security.
4. FAYINMINNU OO, SHIRO OO
The pesticidal Potential of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) o. Kuntze ins Solving pest problem in organic agriculture
878
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