The Permian Period was the ultimate period of the Paleozoic Era which lasted from 299 million to 251 million years ago.It preceded the Triassic Period. The evolutionary innovations of seed and pollen are as follows. The giant swamp forests began to dry out totally. The mossy plants that depended on spores for reproduction were being replaced by the the gymnosperms which were the first seed-bearing plants. They are vascular plants, that transport water internally. They have exposed seeds that develop on the scales of cones and are fertilized when pollen sifts down and lands directly on the seed. Today’s conifers are gymnosperms, as are the short palm like cycads. Solution The Permian Period was the ultimate period of the Paleozoic Era which lasted from 299 million to 251 million years ago.It preceded the Triassic Period. The evolutionary innovations of seed and pollen are as follows. The giant swamp forests began to dry out totally. The mossy plants that depended on spores for reproduction were being replaced by the the gymnosperms which were the first seed-bearing plants. They are vascular plants, that transport water internally. They have exposed seeds that develop on the scales of cones and are fertilized when pollen sifts down and lands directly on the seed. Today’s conifers are gymnosperms, as are the short palm like cycads..

1. The Permian Period was the ultimate period of the Paleozoic Era which lasted from 299 million
to 251 million years ago.It preceded the Triassic Period. The evolutionary innovations of seed
and pollen are as follows.
The giant swamp forests began to dry out totally. The mossy plants that depended on spores for
reproduction were being replaced by the the gymnosperms which were the first seed-bearing
plants. They are vascular plants, that transport water internally. They have exposed seeds that
develop on the scales of cones and are fertilized when pollen sifts down and lands directly on the
seed. Today’s conifers are gymnosperms, as are the short palm like cycads.
Solution
The Permian Period was the ultimate period of the Paleozoic Era which lasted from 299 million
to 251 million years ago.It preceded the Triassic Period. The evolutionary innovations of seed
and pollen are as follows.
The giant swamp forests began to dry out totally. The mossy plants that depended on spores for
reproduction were being replaced by the the gymnosperms which were the first seed-bearing
plants. They are vascular plants, that transport water internally. They have exposed seeds that
develop on the scales of cones and are fertilized when pollen sifts down and lands directly on the
seed. Today’s conifers are gymnosperms, as are the short palm like cycads.