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The Origin Of Human Progress
Mesopotamia (from the Greek, signifying 'between two streams ') was an aged locality in the eastern Mediterranean limited in the northeast by the
Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, relating to today 's Iraq, generally, additionally parts of current Iran, Syria and Turkey.
The 'two streams ' of the name alluded to the Tigris and the Euphrates waterways and the area was known as 'Al–Jazirah '(the island) by the Arabs
referencing what Egyptologist J.h. Breasted would later call the Fertile Crescent, where Mesopotamian human progress started.
The district known as Mesopotamia is referred to all as the origin of human progress. Mesopotamia has an overwhelmingly rich history. It is helped by
numerous religions and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was likewise a spot to keep conciliatory animals on the grounds.
The following individuals to occupy the Mesopotamian district were the Assyrians. Assyrian society was focused around war and military force.
During the whole compass of the realm, the current ruler was continually attempting to overcome and involve a neighboring domain. Of which
Babylon was dependably a favored prize. All prevailed over individuals were compelled to relocated and thus they were ensured security. This blend
was perpetrated deliberately bringing on the consolidating of numerous societies and dialects.
The Assyrian state was focused around war and triumph. High societies were basically military officers and administrators that developed well off from
their military triumphs. The Assyrian armed force was the biggest known to this region. The consistent triumphs were helped by Assyrian inventions,
for example, iron swords, spears, metal shield, and battering rams.
Mesopotamia had a very prominent and strong economic base. The economic basis of Mesopotamian society throughout its entire development was
primarily Agriculture. Mesopotamia was the primary spot where crop surpluses were created to such an extent, to the point that enough work was
liberated that it could be outfit to construct urban areas and landmarks, produce craftsmanship and specialties and help vendors, sanctuaries and rulers.
The greater part of the early
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Enki And Ninhursag: A Summary
A Sumerian story "Enki and Ninhursag – A Sumerian Paradise" found in 1915AD and dated to around 3000BC, parallels to the Old Testament,
Genesis 2:6, 8–10 and 14, with references such as:
1.) The statement "east of Eden;" 2.) Water from the earth; 3.) There are four rivers in both stories; 4.) The Euphrates River is mentioned in both; 5.) In
both stories water for the vegetation comes from the ground.
After Time had come into being and the holy seasons for growth and rest were finally known, Dilmun, the pure clean and bright land of the living, the
garden of the Great Gods and Earthly paradise, located eastward in Eden, was the place where Ninhursag, the Earth Mother, Most Exalted Lady and
Supreme Queen, could be found.
There she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the Garden of Eden being considered by many to be a mythological place the mention of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers influenced many to
believe that the location of the Garden of Eden is at the head of the Persian Gulf, which is similar to the mythological Sumerian paradise of Dilmun
also supposedly located where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run into the sea. Archaeologist Eduard Glaser, in 1922, proposed the location of the
Garden of Eden in Eastern Arabia within the Dilmun civilization. Then sixty years later Juris Zarins, another archaeologist, also agreed that the
location of the Garden of Eden was at the head of the Persian Gulf where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run into the sea. His research in this area
used information images from the, Land–Sat, satellite and concluded that the other rivers mentioned in the Old Testament, the Gihon River would
correspond with the Karun River located in Iran and the Pishon River would correspond to the Wadi Batin River
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Review Of ' The Epic Of Gilgamesh '
Saif Alkaabi Rebecca Williams HY 101–104 20/10/2014 The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh,
the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands
enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh's point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is
ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor and strength who is not benevolent with his subjects. He befriends Enkidu who is of equal valor.
They embark on different conquests together after which Enkidu gets dreams with message of his impending death . Enkidu subsequently dies with
illness . With the death of his friend Enkidu, Gilgamesh is shattered and also becomes obsessed with his own life and so he embarks on a quest to
find Utnapishtim, who is bestowed with immortality by the Gods. He believes that he would get eternal life from Utnapishtim, who had received
eternal life from the Gods . The story's theme throughout is related to how man evolves through various incidents in his life and finally realizes that
immortality for a human lies in doing good work for others but not in the conquest of death. The entire story revolves around how Gilgamesh, obsessed
by life yearns for eternal life and how it eludes him even though he undertakes dangerous quests to find it . The thesis statement is that humans can
attain immortality by
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Argumentative Essay on "Telivision Is the Leading Cause of...
Date range Phase Era
7000 – 5500 BCE Mehrgarh I (aceramic Neolithic) Early Food Producing Era
5500–3300 Mehrgarh II–VI (ceramic Neolithic) Regionalisation Era
5500–2600
3300–2600 Early Harappan
3300–2800 Harappan 1 (Ravi Phase)
2800–2600 Harappan 2 (Kot Diji Phase, Nausharo I, Mehrgarh VII)
2600–1900 Mature Harappan (Indus Valley Civilization) Integration Era
2600–2450 Harappan 3A (Nausharo II)
2450–2200 Harappan 3B
2200–1900 Harappan 3C
1900–1300 Late Harappan (Cemetery H); Ochre Coloured Pottery Localisation Era
1900–1700 Harappan 4
1700–1300 Harappan 5
1300–300 Painted Gray Ware, Northern Black Polished Ware (Iron Age) Indo
–Gangetic TraditionThe Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze
Age civilization (3300–1300 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
J. H. MacKay, and Sir John Marshall. By 1931, much of Mohenjo–Daro had been excavated, but excavations continued, such as that led by Sir
Mortimer Wheeler, director of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1944. Among other archaeologists who worked on IVC sites before the partition
of the subcontinent in 1947 were Ahmad Hasan Dani, Brij Basi Lal, Nani Gopal Majumdar, and Sir Marc Aurel Stein.
Following the Partition of India, the bulk of the archaeological finds were inherited by Pakistan where most of the IVC was based, and excavations
from this time include those led by Sir Mortimer Wheeler in 1949, archaeological adviser to the Government of Pakistan. Outposts of the Indus Valley
civilization were excavated as far west as Sutkagan Dor in Baluchistan, as far north as at Shortugai on the Amudarya or Oxus River in current
Afghanistan.
Chronology
Main article: Periodization of the Indus Valley Civilization
The mature phase of the Harappan civilization lasted from c. 2600 to 1900 BCE. With the inclusion of the predecessor and successor cultures–Early
Harappan and Late Harappan, respectively–the entire Indus Valley Civilization may be taken to have lasted from the 33rd to the 14th centuries BCE.
Two terms are employed for the periodization of the IVC: Phases and Eras.[15][16] The Early Harappan, Mature Harappan,
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The Olympics Between Dark Millennium And The Iron Age
Introduction
In the past one hundred years, a large number of Bronze Age seal have continuously unearthed in the Gulf region. Through the excavation and research
of these finds, archaeologists have found that these seals can reflect the economic, political and cultural development of the Gulf states in the Bronze
Age. The Bronze Age is the time between Dark Millennium and the Iron Age, c. 3200– 1300 BC, which, in archaeology, are usually divided into four
periods:
1)Late Bronze Age (1600–1300 BC)
2)Wadi Suq (2000–1600 BC)
3)Umm al–Nar (2500–2000 BC)
4)Hafit (3200–2500 BC)
The Gulf region (Fig. 1), in this paper, mainly includes the Persian Gulf, including Dilmun, Mesopotamia, Magan, Elam, southeast Arabia and the
associated Indus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In ancient times, the convenience of geography made communication possible which is undeniable, however, there are different opinions on the
direction, intensity and breadth of the exchange. Examples of long–distance exchange in prehistory (Reade, 2008): Copal beads; Goat bones and Clove
head.
The most significant exchange is economy including local trade and interregional trade. As Reade (2008) suggested above that the importance of the
overland trade between east and west was equal to the maritime trade via Persian Gulf, nonetheless ships had dozens of advantages over caravan.
While the most widely accepted view is the seafaring trade route is more important, especially for the trade exchange between Mesopotamia and Indus
via Bahrain ().
From a political point of view, after comparing Dilmun seals and the contemporary royal cap of Mesopotamia, HГёjlund (2000) believe that the seal
imitated the shape of the royal cap, and thereby it was endowed with the power of king and the authority of gods. Conversely, some other researches
states that, as an example of Dilmun society, as a means of organizing trade and social management, seals are used by both individuals and officials
(Larsen, 2010).
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Theme Of Death In The Epic Of Gilgamesh
The Mesopotamian understanding of death is uniquely different from modern understandings in that the Mesopotamians lacked a belief in their own
free will. The Mesopotamian epic poem, The Epic of Gilgamesh, can, as a result of both the theology and cosmogony of the civilization, be viewed as
the first literary meditation on death and the human condition. The hero of the epic, Gilgamesh, through a metaphorical self–death, via the death of his
only equal, Enkidu, can begin to comprehend the idea of death. The Epic of Gilgamesh, above all else, is a reflection on mortality and the human place
in the cosmos.
Gilgamesh is "two thirds" (Gilgamesh 61) god, and, as a result of this, lives with a sense of invincibility. The idea of death, of ceasing to exist in
his temporal form, does not originally frighten him, as it does Enkidu, who is able to grasp the true nature of existence because of his bestial
nature. Raised among beasts and the wilderness, death is a very real and very present threat to Enkidu. Though Gilgamesh is aware that "only the
gods live forever" (71) while men's "days are numbered" (71), his understanding of his place in the cosmos is limited. Gilgamesh is unable to
comprehend that though he is part god, he is not a god, and therefore, is subject to mortal laws and constraints. This is evident by his conduct prior to
the arrival of Enkidu, when he behaves monstrously. "His lust leaves no virgin to her lover" (62), and "sounds the tocsin for his amusement" (62).
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Examples Of Banish Me From Apes
Banish me from Eden when you will;
But first let me eat of the fruit of the tree of knowledge! –– Robert Ingersoll41
There are four ways in which humans differ from apes::
1. They have souls,
2. Their bodies are mostly free of hair,
3. Women suffer birth pangs, and
4. They speak.
Each of these changes is discussed in Genesis. The soul was provided by God near the end of the Sixth Day. Upon their expulsion from Eden, Adam
was to "eat bread in the sweat of thy face". And Eve was to "bring forth children in sorrow".
Man is the only animal that sweats, or needs to. The great effort required to catch the food now available to them caused men's bodies to overheat.
Those with less hair ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But such a land is mentioned in the Bible, albeit cryptically. Theologians have dreamed up metaphysical ideas to tell us that no such physical place
actually existed; that it is just a punitive spiritual condition. And preachers use those ideas as threats to sinners .
We shouldn't laugh at the Bible. And we shouldn't look for ego–serving fantasies to explain away its mysteries. We should very carefully read what it
actually says, and search for outside clues to verify it, and possibly fill in more details.
The Land of Nod features prominently in the Book of Enoch, and its inhabitants are called Nodites. We find two men named Enoch in theBook of
Genesis. Enoch1 was the son of Cain and the grandson of Adam. Enoch2 was seventh in the line of patriarchs descended from Adam through Seth. He
was the only one of the patriarchs of whom it was said, "he walked with God".
The meaning of this phrase is not clear. It may have indicated that he was the first to believe in only one God, though his people would continue to be
polytheistic for millennia to come. Or it may mean that he was chosen to lead his branch of the people out of Africa into Asia, Archaeological data
suggests that event took place about two thirds of the way along the time line from Adam to
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Gilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh
The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how
Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from
Gilgamesh's point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor
and strength who is not benevolent with his subjects. He befriends Enkidu who is of equal valor. They embark on different conquests together after
which Enkidu gets dreams with message of his impending death . Enkidu subsequently dies with illness . With the death of his friend Enkidu,
Gilgamesh is shattered and also becomes obsessed with his own life and so he embarks on a quest to find Utnapishtim, who is bestowed with
immortality by the Gods. He believes that he would get eternal life from Utnapishtim, who had received eternal life from the Gods . The story's theme
throughout is related to how man evolves through various incidents in his life and finally realizes that immortality for a human lies in doing good work
for others but not in the conquest of death. The entire story revolves around how Gilgamesh, obsessed by life yearns for eternal life and how it eludes
him even though he undertakes dangerous quests to find it . The thesis statement is that humans can attain immortality by the acts and deeds they
perform. Summary
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Review Of ' The Epic Of Gilgamesh '
Saif Alkaabi Rebecca Williams HY 101–104 03/10/2014 The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh dates back to the eighteenth
century from Mesopotamia and is believed to be a great work of literature. Some of the copies of this epic are known to be found in the ruins of a
library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. The story is about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies and
how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend. Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh's point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and
the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as very rash and does not fear death in the early parts of the story. But towards the end he is
obsessed with being alive and aspires for eternity. His quest for eternity takes him everywhere and he undertakes dangerous quests in order to live
forever. However, whoever he meets especially Utnapishtim and his wife know more than Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk . Gilgamesh struggles so
much to avoid death. At the death of his friend Enkidu, he is shattered and also become obsessed with his own life and so he embarks on a quest to
find Utnapishtim, though there are several obstacles on the way. He believes that he would get eternal life from Utnapishtim, who had received eternal
life from the Gods. The story's theme throughout is that love can be a motivating force and the inevitability of death. The dreams that Gilgamesh and
Enkidu have lead to
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Enkidu And The Creation Of Gilgamesh
Enkidu is created for the sole purpose of distracting Gilgamesh. The Akkadian creation myth sets mankind as a servant to the gods. Servant might
not be the right term, though. Man was created less to serve the gods, more to serve their will. This is not to demean man, but to bring man to an
almost godlike level without the belittling the gods. If man is more than just a servant to the gods, if he is a necessary part of their primary goal,
then man becomes a critical part in the system. Someone who is part man and part god, however, would be occupy a much different role in the
Summarian world view. More than a simple servant, yet less than master, a partial god would be self–serving. Acting as the masters of their own fate,
they would have... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Why then have the gods deemed it necessary to make Enkidu a guardian of nature? Returning tothe idea that man is meant to serve the gods, what
service does this do? This seems to hint that Enkidu is self serving. He does what is right by his own terms: defending his family and habitat. A sense
of purpose, beyond what the gods prescribe, is a decidedly non–human attribute.
Once Enkidu is corrupted by the outside world, he is unable to return, not because nature rejects him, but because he rejects nature. This behaviour is
patently non–godlike, as it is a fundamental separation from origin. The gods are defined by their creation and background. Enkidu is also mortal,
which is another attribute that excludes him from being a god. Enkidu was created in response to a request for an equal of Gilgamesh. The gods seem
to think this is a perfectly reasonable request because it is granted without any further complications. Aruru, goddess of creation, then shapes a being out
of clay, granting it life, and qualities comparable to the gods.
This is not to say that Enkidu is a god, simply that the gods are reference points in his creation. The more interesting part of Enkidu's creation is the
material he is made of. In the original Akkadian creation myth mankind was made from the blood of Kingu, god of unskilled labour and toil, and clay
from the earth. The gods are made of the mixing of fresh and salt water. This is an exceptionally important difference, because it means that the
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Epic of Gilgamesh Essay
The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of earliest known pieces of literature. Through years of storytelling and translation, The Epic of Gilgamesh became a
timeless classic. This story is believed to have originated from Sumerian poems and legends about the king of Uruk, Gilgamesh. Throughout the epic,
many themes arose about women, love, and journeys and the one I would like to discuss is the theme of death. Also, I will discuss if Gilgamesh
accepts morality at the end of the story and the development of Gilgamesh's character throughout the story. The story mainly focuses on the character
Gilgamesh and this wild man created by the gods, Enkidu in which Gilgamesh and Enkidu later become good friends. Together they go upon quests to
defeat... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But when Enkidu dies while fighting Humbaba, one can tell a change in Gilgamesh's character. Since Enkidu was his close and only friend, it
makes it more visible that everyone is mortal. One may say that, by going into the forest and facing Humbaba, Gilgamesh makes a name for
himself and changes the views of the people in his city. The great accomplishment of killing Humbaba makes him a better person because he
protects his city and for his love of Enkidu and his people. This is a considerable amount of change from the beginning of the story. There are no
major changes in the character of Gilgamesh until Enkidu enters the picture. Enkidu is the primary reason for the ultimate changes in the personality
and maturity of Gilgamesh. The main factor contributing to the changes in Gilgamesh the love that develops with Enkidu. Enkidu is made to make
Gilgamesh more human. In the first paragraph of the book the gods are angry with Gilgamesh and send down an equal of himself, they send down
Enkidu. After becoming friends, Gilgamesh changes because he has an equal to be with. From Cedar Forest, Gilgamesh is met by Shamash, the Sun
God, who tells him, "You will never find the life for which you are searching." This upsets Gilgamesh because he has traveled so far for someone to
tell him he cannot have what he wants and is looking for. For there, Gilgamesh travels to see Siduri by the sea. Siduri will not let Gilgamesh pass to
through to see Utnapishtim, the only man with eternal
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Creation Of Enkidu And Genesis Similarities
Creation stories are symbolic accounts of how the world and its inhabitants came about. These stories first developed in oral traditions, so there are
multiple accounts of them from different cultures and societies. The Babylonian Creation story, the Genesis Creation story, and the Sumerian story of
the Creation of Enkidu are examples of these and the similarities are interesting. As Dennis Bratcher states, "Because of many parallels with the Genesis
account, some historians concluded that the Genesis account was simply a rewriting of the Babylonian Story. As a reaction, many who wanted to
maintain the uniqueness of the Bible argues either that there were no real parallels between the accounts or that the Genesis narratives were... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Genesis story, God creates man in his own image and likeness. There are different versions of the Genesis bible. In one of these versions, it
is said that humans were made from clay. One difference of the creation stories is that the Sumerian and Babylonian people have many gods, but
the Hebrew people have only one god. In all of these stories, only one god creates man. The Hebrew God can never die. He is immortal. The gods
in the Babylonian and Sumerian story can be defeated. The gods in the Sumerian and Babylonian stories are like the "man" that the Hebrew god
created. "Man, that is born of woman, is of few days and full of trouble. Like a flower he comes forth and is withered; he flees like the shadow and
does not endure" (Job 14:1–2).
In the Babylonian creation story, man was made of the blood of Kingu who was a troublesome god who was killed for the purpose of his blood. He
was created primarily in order to serve the gods and free them from the need of working for their "bread." In the Genesis creation story, man was made
to rule over the animals and creatures of the earth. In the Sumerian creation story of Enkidu, it is said that he was created solely for the purpose of
balancing Gilgamesh out so Uruk could finally have peace. "The people suffer from his tyranny, the people cry out that he takes the son from his father
and crushes him, takes the girl from her mother and
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Sacred Destination Paper
Sacred Destination Paper HUM/105
2014
Shyla Lang
The Garden of Eden
The Garden of Eden is a sacred place to many people. This is a place that may or not actually exist, and if it is a real place it has not been confirmed. If
the Garden of Eden was ever located it would be a place worth visiting.
The Origins The origins of the Garden of Eden come from the book of Genesis in the Old Testament of the Bible. The word Eden means delight in
Hebrew probably derives from the Akkadian word edinu. Edinu is believed to derive from the Sumerian term E.DIN which means plain or steppe. The
connection may be coincidental, although E.DIN is known to have been used by the Sumerians to refer to Mesopotamia as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Paradise in Persian means royal garden or hunting–park. And the Garden of Righteousness appears in Jewish mythology and is said to have be beautiful
and glorious in the beginning and it will be beautiful and glorious in the end.
The Comparison
Creation myths across cultures have several obvious similarities and differences. There is substantial importance in the larger ideas, such as gender, the
role of the human beings, and the outcome of the creation. I find it fascinating that many of the mythical stories from around the world have told a
story where a God floods the earth. I think the flood stories in each myth may be a link between them. Creation myths concern our ancestors and gods
of nature; the earth, the sky, the sun, the moon, and the stars. They are supernatural explanations of human origin and they help explain what humans
could not explain to answers question about the creation of the earth and man that could be passed on for generations. Our culture and history would
not be the same without the mythical place that surround the stories of our creation.
Conclusion
The stories of mythology in each different culture have a sacred meaning to the people of that culture. Just as the stories have meanings so do the
places the story surrounds. There are different types of sacred destinations, some may be similar some could be completely different from one another.
Regardless of their differences they are joined by the elements
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Analysis Of Enuma Elish 's ' The Garden Of Eden ' Essay
The story of Enuma Elish are inscribed on 7 cuneiform tablets which was recovered by a collector named AH Layard in Iraq. This story has some
parallel tales told in the Old Testament such as Genesis, Exodus and the Psalms. In Enuma Elish presented to the father and mother as Apsu and Tiamat
represented as saltwater and freshwater and were present before the creation of the universe. The epic begins this way: 'When on high ... No heaven
HAD Been named, called earth No, not Annunaki ... There was nothing ... nothing but Old Father Apsu and Mummu–Tiamat, Mother of All Living".
This describes a series of Gods that were created and later gained wisdom leading to a similarity to Genesis presenting the tree of knowledge in the
Garden of Eden and so says: Increasing in wisdom, in understanding and in ...strength. Apsu planned to destroy the gods to form a universe of order in
a chaotic world. Ea is another god who kills Apsu to prevent what he had planned. Genesis also describes a world full of chaos and God decided to
give skills to everyone in order to bring a new order. In Enuma Elish, Ea joins Damkina and has a divine and perfect son whom they call Marduk. In
the tablet fragments, phrases were recited found in the Bible, such as "Divine the womb That bore him" (Luke 11:27), "My beloved is! My son, who
is my Sun, Sun for all the Heavens "(Matt 3:17). Within the epic Kingu mate Tiamat which motivated to make monsters to kill the other gods. Tiamat
think monsters including a
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Compare and Contrast the Biblical Creation Myths with...
Compare and contrast the Biblical creation myths with other creation myths from Greece and the Ancient Near East.
This essay will compare and contrast the Biblical creation myths with other creation myths from Greece and the Ancient Near East. It will first discuss
the initial creation of the universe followed by the creation of mankind and finally the recreation of man whilst drawing parallels to Sumerian and
Babylonian texts, The Old Testament and Hesiods Theogony. In paying particular attention to the chronology of each myth it will be shown that the
creation myths regarding the universe and mankind evolved from as far back as the Sumerian stories.
From the fragmented Sumerian tablets discovered throughout the nineteenth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although there are echoes of Mesopotamian and Greek creation myths all through Genesis, especially the order in which creation transpired, all three
also represent the universe as a three tiered dome including heaven, earth, and the underworld. However, the differences are also plentiful. Both the
Greeks and Sumerians/Babylonians believed in a polytheistic monarchy whereas the Israelites (particularly after their exile from Babylon) adopted a
non–pagan retelling focusing on a single gods omnipotence , however through much of Genesis 1:1–31 we find the LORD addressing another presence;
"Let us make man in our likeliness ." evidently their was some difficulty in the complete abortion of a polytheistic belief system when evolving the new
creation story.
The monotheistic creation of the universe is accomplished by separating each part into its place to fulfill its function (for example; the moon and sun)
whereas all polytheistic myths involve another deity being created, usually through the union of two others, to represent the different parts of the
physical universe or in some cases, like the great Babylonian goddess Mammu–Tiamat being split into two to form the earth and the heavens, the god
and the physical object created are one and the same .
In all Mesopotamian and Greek cosmogony myths and Hebrew
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Bahrain Essay
Bahrain History of Bahrain
Bahrain was once part of the ancient civilization of Dilmun and served as an important link in trade routes between Sumeria and the Indus Valley as
much as 5000 years ago. Since the late 18th century Bahrain has been governed by the Al–Khalifa family, which created close ties to Britain by signing
the General Treaty of Peace in 1820. A binding treaty of protection, known as the Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship, was concluded in 1861
and further revised in 1892 and 1951. This treaty was similar to those entered into by the British Government with the other Persian Gulp principalities.
It specified that the ruler could not dispose of any of his territory except to the United Kingdom and could not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Their religion was founded near the sixth century by a cleric named Muhammad (Please note that his name is spelled many different ways and this is
the one chosen for this report). Muhammad claimed to have had revelations from Allah dictating how a follower of Islam should act. Since those days
sixth century Islamic morals have dominated the Middle East.
This can be very confusing for a westerner at first. Instead of being just part of life, as many people view religion in the west, Islamic followers
believe it is everything to them. Based on its linguistic origin, the Arabic word 'Islam' means to achieve peace––peace with God, peace within oneself,
and peace with the creations of God through submission to God and commitment to His guidance.
Islam is not a new religion but the final culmination and fulfillment of the same basic truth that God revealed through all His prophets to every
people. For a fifth of the world's population, Islam is not just a personal religion but a complete way of living. Over a billion people from all races,
nationalities and cultures across the globe are Muslim––from the rice farms of Indonesia to the deserts in the heart of Africa; from the skyscrapers of
New York to the Bedouin tents in Arabia.
Only 18% of Muslims live in the Arab world; a fifth are found in Sub–Saharan Africa; and the world's largest Muslim community is in Indonesia.
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The Origin Of Human Progress

  • 1. The Origin Of Human Progress Mesopotamia (from the Greek, signifying 'between two streams ') was an aged locality in the eastern Mediterranean limited in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, relating to today 's Iraq, generally, additionally parts of current Iran, Syria and Turkey. The 'two streams ' of the name alluded to the Tigris and the Euphrates waterways and the area was known as 'Al–Jazirah '(the island) by the Arabs referencing what Egyptologist J.h. Breasted would later call the Fertile Crescent, where Mesopotamian human progress started. The district known as Mesopotamia is referred to all as the origin of human progress. Mesopotamia has an overwhelmingly rich history. It is helped by numerous religions and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... There was likewise a spot to keep conciliatory animals on the grounds. The following individuals to occupy the Mesopotamian district were the Assyrians. Assyrian society was focused around war and military force. During the whole compass of the realm, the current ruler was continually attempting to overcome and involve a neighboring domain. Of which Babylon was dependably a favored prize. All prevailed over individuals were compelled to relocated and thus they were ensured security. This blend was perpetrated deliberately bringing on the consolidating of numerous societies and dialects. The Assyrian state was focused around war and triumph. High societies were basically military officers and administrators that developed well off from their military triumphs. The Assyrian armed force was the biggest known to this region. The consistent triumphs were helped by Assyrian inventions, for example, iron swords, spears, metal shield, and battering rams. Mesopotamia had a very prominent and strong economic base. The economic basis of Mesopotamian society throughout its entire development was primarily Agriculture. Mesopotamia was the primary spot where crop surpluses were created to such an extent, to the point that enough work was liberated that it could be outfit to construct urban areas and landmarks, produce craftsmanship and specialties and help vendors, sanctuaries and rulers. The greater part of the early ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Enki And Ninhursag: A Summary A Sumerian story "Enki and Ninhursag – A Sumerian Paradise" found in 1915AD and dated to around 3000BC, parallels to the Old Testament, Genesis 2:6, 8–10 and 14, with references such as: 1.) The statement "east of Eden;" 2.) Water from the earth; 3.) There are four rivers in both stories; 4.) The Euphrates River is mentioned in both; 5.) In both stories water for the vegetation comes from the ground. After Time had come into being and the holy seasons for growth and rest were finally known, Dilmun, the pure clean and bright land of the living, the garden of the Great Gods and Earthly paradise, located eastward in Eden, was the place where Ninhursag, the Earth Mother, Most Exalted Lady and Supreme Queen, could be found. There she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... With the Garden of Eden being considered by many to be a mythological place the mention of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers influenced many to believe that the location of the Garden of Eden is at the head of the Persian Gulf, which is similar to the mythological Sumerian paradise of Dilmun also supposedly located where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run into the sea. Archaeologist Eduard Glaser, in 1922, proposed the location of the Garden of Eden in Eastern Arabia within the Dilmun civilization. Then sixty years later Juris Zarins, another archaeologist, also agreed that the location of the Garden of Eden was at the head of the Persian Gulf where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run into the sea. His research in this area used information images from the, Land–Sat, satellite and concluded that the other rivers mentioned in the Old Testament, the Gihon River would correspond with the Karun River located in Iran and the Pishon River would correspond to the Wadi Batin River ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. Review Of ' The Epic Of Gilgamesh ' Saif Alkaabi Rebecca Williams HY 101–104 20/10/2014 The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh's point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor and strength who is not benevolent with his subjects. He befriends Enkidu who is of equal valor. They embark on different conquests together after which Enkidu gets dreams with message of his impending death . Enkidu subsequently dies with illness . With the death of his friend Enkidu, Gilgamesh is shattered and also becomes obsessed with his own life and so he embarks on a quest to find Utnapishtim, who is bestowed with immortality by the Gods. He believes that he would get eternal life from Utnapishtim, who had received eternal life from the Gods . The story's theme throughout is related to how man evolves through various incidents in his life and finally realizes that immortality for a human lies in doing good work for others but not in the conquest of death. The entire story revolves around how Gilgamesh, obsessed by life yearns for eternal life and how it eludes him even though he undertakes dangerous quests to find it . The thesis statement is that humans can attain immortality by ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. Argumentative Essay on "Telivision Is the Leading Cause of... Date range Phase Era 7000 – 5500 BCE Mehrgarh I (aceramic Neolithic) Early Food Producing Era 5500–3300 Mehrgarh II–VI (ceramic Neolithic) Regionalisation Era 5500–2600 3300–2600 Early Harappan 3300–2800 Harappan 1 (Ravi Phase) 2800–2600 Harappan 2 (Kot Diji Phase, Nausharo I, Mehrgarh VII) 2600–1900 Mature Harappan (Indus Valley Civilization) Integration Era 2600–2450 Harappan 3A (Nausharo II) 2450–2200 Harappan 3B 2200–1900 Harappan 3C 1900–1300 Late Harappan (Cemetery H); Ochre Coloured Pottery Localisation Era 1900–1700 Harappan 4 1700–1300 Harappan 5 1300–300 Painted Gray Ware, Northern Black Polished Ware (Iron Age) Indo –Gangetic TraditionThe Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... J. H. MacKay, and Sir John Marshall. By 1931, much of Mohenjo–Daro had been excavated, but excavations continued, such as that led by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, director of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1944. Among other archaeologists who worked on IVC sites before the partition of the subcontinent in 1947 were Ahmad Hasan Dani, Brij Basi Lal, Nani Gopal Majumdar, and Sir Marc Aurel Stein. Following the Partition of India, the bulk of the archaeological finds were inherited by Pakistan where most of the IVC was based, and excavations from this time include those led by Sir Mortimer Wheeler in 1949, archaeological adviser to the Government of Pakistan. Outposts of the Indus Valley civilization were excavated as far west as Sutkagan Dor in Baluchistan, as far north as at Shortugai on the Amudarya or Oxus River in current Afghanistan. Chronology Main article: Periodization of the Indus Valley Civilization
  • 5. The mature phase of the Harappan civilization lasted from c. 2600 to 1900 BCE. With the inclusion of the predecessor and successor cultures–Early Harappan and Late Harappan, respectively–the entire Indus Valley Civilization may be taken to have lasted from the 33rd to the 14th centuries BCE. Two terms are employed for the periodization of the IVC: Phases and Eras.[15][16] The Early Harappan, Mature Harappan, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. The Olympics Between Dark Millennium And The Iron Age Introduction In the past one hundred years, a large number of Bronze Age seal have continuously unearthed in the Gulf region. Through the excavation and research of these finds, archaeologists have found that these seals can reflect the economic, political and cultural development of the Gulf states in the Bronze Age. The Bronze Age is the time between Dark Millennium and the Iron Age, c. 3200– 1300 BC, which, in archaeology, are usually divided into four periods: 1)Late Bronze Age (1600–1300 BC) 2)Wadi Suq (2000–1600 BC) 3)Umm al–Nar (2500–2000 BC) 4)Hafit (3200–2500 BC) The Gulf region (Fig. 1), in this paper, mainly includes the Persian Gulf, including Dilmun, Mesopotamia, Magan, Elam, southeast Arabia and the associated Indus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In ancient times, the convenience of geography made communication possible which is undeniable, however, there are different opinions on the direction, intensity and breadth of the exchange. Examples of long–distance exchange in prehistory (Reade, 2008): Copal beads; Goat bones and Clove head. The most significant exchange is economy including local trade and interregional trade. As Reade (2008) suggested above that the importance of the overland trade between east and west was equal to the maritime trade via Persian Gulf, nonetheless ships had dozens of advantages over caravan. While the most widely accepted view is the seafaring trade route is more important, especially for the trade exchange between Mesopotamia and Indus via Bahrain (). From a political point of view, after comparing Dilmun seals and the contemporary royal cap of Mesopotamia, HГёjlund (2000) believe that the seal imitated the shape of the royal cap, and thereby it was endowed with the power of king and the authority of gods. Conversely, some other researches states that, as an example of Dilmun society, as a means of organizing trade and social management, seals are used by both individuals and officials (Larsen, 2010).
  • 7. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Theme Of Death In The Epic Of Gilgamesh The Mesopotamian understanding of death is uniquely different from modern understandings in that the Mesopotamians lacked a belief in their own free will. The Mesopotamian epic poem, The Epic of Gilgamesh, can, as a result of both the theology and cosmogony of the civilization, be viewed as the first literary meditation on death and the human condition. The hero of the epic, Gilgamesh, through a metaphorical self–death, via the death of his only equal, Enkidu, can begin to comprehend the idea of death. The Epic of Gilgamesh, above all else, is a reflection on mortality and the human place in the cosmos. Gilgamesh is "two thirds" (Gilgamesh 61) god, and, as a result of this, lives with a sense of invincibility. The idea of death, of ceasing to exist in his temporal form, does not originally frighten him, as it does Enkidu, who is able to grasp the true nature of existence because of his bestial nature. Raised among beasts and the wilderness, death is a very real and very present threat to Enkidu. Though Gilgamesh is aware that "only the gods live forever" (71) while men's "days are numbered" (71), his understanding of his place in the cosmos is limited. Gilgamesh is unable to comprehend that though he is part god, he is not a god, and therefore, is subject to mortal laws and constraints. This is evident by his conduct prior to the arrival of Enkidu, when he behaves monstrously. "His lust leaves no virgin to her lover" (62), and "sounds the tocsin for his amusement" (62). ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. Examples Of Banish Me From Apes Banish me from Eden when you will; But first let me eat of the fruit of the tree of knowledge! –– Robert Ingersoll41 There are four ways in which humans differ from apes:: 1. They have souls, 2. Their bodies are mostly free of hair, 3. Women suffer birth pangs, and 4. They speak. Each of these changes is discussed in Genesis. The soul was provided by God near the end of the Sixth Day. Upon their expulsion from Eden, Adam was to "eat bread in the sweat of thy face". And Eve was to "bring forth children in sorrow". Man is the only animal that sweats, or needs to. The great effort required to catch the food now available to them caused men's bodies to overheat. Those with less hair ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... But such a land is mentioned in the Bible, albeit cryptically. Theologians have dreamed up metaphysical ideas to tell us that no such physical place actually existed; that it is just a punitive spiritual condition. And preachers use those ideas as threats to sinners . We shouldn't laugh at the Bible. And we shouldn't look for ego–serving fantasies to explain away its mysteries. We should very carefully read what it actually says, and search for outside clues to verify it, and possibly fill in more details. The Land of Nod features prominently in the Book of Enoch, and its inhabitants are called Nodites. We find two men named Enoch in theBook of Genesis. Enoch1 was the son of Cain and the grandson of Adam. Enoch2 was seventh in the line of patriarchs descended from Adam through Seth. He was the only one of the patriarchs of whom it was said, "he walked with God". The meaning of this phrase is not clear. It may have indicated that he was the first to believe in only one God, though his people would continue to be polytheistic for millennia to come. Or it may mean that he was chosen to lead his branch of the people out of Africa into Asia, Archaeological data suggests that event took place about two thirds of the way along the time line from Adam to
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  • 11. Gilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh's point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor and strength who is not benevolent with his subjects. He befriends Enkidu who is of equal valor. They embark on different conquests together after which Enkidu gets dreams with message of his impending death . Enkidu subsequently dies with illness . With the death of his friend Enkidu, Gilgamesh is shattered and also becomes obsessed with his own life and so he embarks on a quest to find Utnapishtim, who is bestowed with immortality by the Gods. He believes that he would get eternal life from Utnapishtim, who had received eternal life from the Gods . The story's theme throughout is related to how man evolves through various incidents in his life and finally realizes that immortality for a human lies in doing good work for others but not in the conquest of death. The entire story revolves around how Gilgamesh, obsessed by life yearns for eternal life and how it eludes him even though he undertakes dangerous quests to find it . The thesis statement is that humans can attain immortality by the acts and deeds they perform. Summary ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Review Of ' The Epic Of Gilgamesh ' Saif Alkaabi Rebecca Williams HY 101–104 03/10/2014 The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh dates back to the eighteenth century from Mesopotamia and is believed to be a great work of literature. Some of the copies of this epic are known to be found in the ruins of a library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. The story is about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies and how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend. Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh's point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as very rash and does not fear death in the early parts of the story. But towards the end he is obsessed with being alive and aspires for eternity. His quest for eternity takes him everywhere and he undertakes dangerous quests in order to live forever. However, whoever he meets especially Utnapishtim and his wife know more than Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk . Gilgamesh struggles so much to avoid death. At the death of his friend Enkidu, he is shattered and also become obsessed with his own life and so he embarks on a quest to find Utnapishtim, though there are several obstacles on the way. He believes that he would get eternal life from Utnapishtim, who had received eternal life from the Gods. The story's theme throughout is that love can be a motivating force and the inevitability of death. The dreams that Gilgamesh and Enkidu have lead to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Enkidu And The Creation Of Gilgamesh Enkidu is created for the sole purpose of distracting Gilgamesh. The Akkadian creation myth sets mankind as a servant to the gods. Servant might not be the right term, though. Man was created less to serve the gods, more to serve their will. This is not to demean man, but to bring man to an almost godlike level without the belittling the gods. If man is more than just a servant to the gods, if he is a necessary part of their primary goal, then man becomes a critical part in the system. Someone who is part man and part god, however, would be occupy a much different role in the Summarian world view. More than a simple servant, yet less than master, a partial god would be self–serving. Acting as the masters of their own fate, they would have... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Why then have the gods deemed it necessary to make Enkidu a guardian of nature? Returning tothe idea that man is meant to serve the gods, what service does this do? This seems to hint that Enkidu is self serving. He does what is right by his own terms: defending his family and habitat. A sense of purpose, beyond what the gods prescribe, is a decidedly non–human attribute. Once Enkidu is corrupted by the outside world, he is unable to return, not because nature rejects him, but because he rejects nature. This behaviour is patently non–godlike, as it is a fundamental separation from origin. The gods are defined by their creation and background. Enkidu is also mortal, which is another attribute that excludes him from being a god. Enkidu was created in response to a request for an equal of Gilgamesh. The gods seem to think this is a perfectly reasonable request because it is granted without any further complications. Aruru, goddess of creation, then shapes a being out of clay, granting it life, and qualities comparable to the gods. This is not to say that Enkidu is a god, simply that the gods are reference points in his creation. The more interesting part of Enkidu's creation is the material he is made of. In the original Akkadian creation myth mankind was made from the blood of Kingu, god of unskilled labour and toil, and clay from the earth. The gods are made of the mixing of fresh and salt water. This is an exceptionally important difference, because it means that the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. Epic of Gilgamesh Essay The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of earliest known pieces of literature. Through years of storytelling and translation, The Epic of Gilgamesh became a timeless classic. This story is believed to have originated from Sumerian poems and legends about the king of Uruk, Gilgamesh. Throughout the epic, many themes arose about women, love, and journeys and the one I would like to discuss is the theme of death. Also, I will discuss if Gilgamesh accepts morality at the end of the story and the development of Gilgamesh's character throughout the story. The story mainly focuses on the character Gilgamesh and this wild man created by the gods, Enkidu in which Gilgamesh and Enkidu later become good friends. Together they go upon quests to defeat... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... But when Enkidu dies while fighting Humbaba, one can tell a change in Gilgamesh's character. Since Enkidu was his close and only friend, it makes it more visible that everyone is mortal. One may say that, by going into the forest and facing Humbaba, Gilgamesh makes a name for himself and changes the views of the people in his city. The great accomplishment of killing Humbaba makes him a better person because he protects his city and for his love of Enkidu and his people. This is a considerable amount of change from the beginning of the story. There are no major changes in the character of Gilgamesh until Enkidu enters the picture. Enkidu is the primary reason for the ultimate changes in the personality and maturity of Gilgamesh. The main factor contributing to the changes in Gilgamesh the love that develops with Enkidu. Enkidu is made to make Gilgamesh more human. In the first paragraph of the book the gods are angry with Gilgamesh and send down an equal of himself, they send down Enkidu. After becoming friends, Gilgamesh changes because he has an equal to be with. From Cedar Forest, Gilgamesh is met by Shamash, the Sun God, who tells him, "You will never find the life for which you are searching." This upsets Gilgamesh because he has traveled so far for someone to tell him he cannot have what he wants and is looking for. For there, Gilgamesh travels to see Siduri by the sea. Siduri will not let Gilgamesh pass to through to see Utnapishtim, the only man with eternal ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. Creation Of Enkidu And Genesis Similarities Creation stories are symbolic accounts of how the world and its inhabitants came about. These stories first developed in oral traditions, so there are multiple accounts of them from different cultures and societies. The Babylonian Creation story, the Genesis Creation story, and the Sumerian story of the Creation of Enkidu are examples of these and the similarities are interesting. As Dennis Bratcher states, "Because of many parallels with the Genesis account, some historians concluded that the Genesis account was simply a rewriting of the Babylonian Story. As a reaction, many who wanted to maintain the uniqueness of the Bible argues either that there were no real parallels between the accounts or that the Genesis narratives were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In the Genesis story, God creates man in his own image and likeness. There are different versions of the Genesis bible. In one of these versions, it is said that humans were made from clay. One difference of the creation stories is that the Sumerian and Babylonian people have many gods, but the Hebrew people have only one god. In all of these stories, only one god creates man. The Hebrew God can never die. He is immortal. The gods in the Babylonian and Sumerian story can be defeated. The gods in the Sumerian and Babylonian stories are like the "man" that the Hebrew god created. "Man, that is born of woman, is of few days and full of trouble. Like a flower he comes forth and is withered; he flees like the shadow and does not endure" (Job 14:1–2). In the Babylonian creation story, man was made of the blood of Kingu who was a troublesome god who was killed for the purpose of his blood. He was created primarily in order to serve the gods and free them from the need of working for their "bread." In the Genesis creation story, man was made to rule over the animals and creatures of the earth. In the Sumerian creation story of Enkidu, it is said that he was created solely for the purpose of balancing Gilgamesh out so Uruk could finally have peace. "The people suffer from his tyranny, the people cry out that he takes the son from his father and crushes him, takes the girl from her mother and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. Sacred Destination Paper Sacred Destination Paper HUM/105 2014 Shyla Lang The Garden of Eden The Garden of Eden is a sacred place to many people. This is a place that may or not actually exist, and if it is a real place it has not been confirmed. If the Garden of Eden was ever located it would be a place worth visiting. The Origins The origins of the Garden of Eden come from the book of Genesis in the Old Testament of the Bible. The word Eden means delight in Hebrew probably derives from the Akkadian word edinu. Edinu is believed to derive from the Sumerian term E.DIN which means plain or steppe. The connection may be coincidental, although E.DIN is known to have been used by the Sumerians to refer to Mesopotamia as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Paradise in Persian means royal garden or hunting–park. And the Garden of Righteousness appears in Jewish mythology and is said to have be beautiful and glorious in the beginning and it will be beautiful and glorious in the end. The Comparison Creation myths across cultures have several obvious similarities and differences. There is substantial importance in the larger ideas, such as gender, the role of the human beings, and the outcome of the creation. I find it fascinating that many of the mythical stories from around the world have told a story where a God floods the earth. I think the flood stories in each myth may be a link between them. Creation myths concern our ancestors and gods of nature; the earth, the sky, the sun, the moon, and the stars. They are supernatural explanations of human origin and they help explain what humans could not explain to answers question about the creation of the earth and man that could be passed on for generations. Our culture and history would not be the same without the mythical place that surround the stories of our creation. Conclusion The stories of mythology in each different culture have a sacred meaning to the people of that culture. Just as the stories have meanings so do the places the story surrounds. There are different types of sacred destinations, some may be similar some could be completely different from one another. Regardless of their differences they are joined by the elements
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  • 18. Analysis Of Enuma Elish 's ' The Garden Of Eden ' Essay The story of Enuma Elish are inscribed on 7 cuneiform tablets which was recovered by a collector named AH Layard in Iraq. This story has some parallel tales told in the Old Testament such as Genesis, Exodus and the Psalms. In Enuma Elish presented to the father and mother as Apsu and Tiamat represented as saltwater and freshwater and were present before the creation of the universe. The epic begins this way: 'When on high ... No heaven HAD Been named, called earth No, not Annunaki ... There was nothing ... nothing but Old Father Apsu and Mummu–Tiamat, Mother of All Living". This describes a series of Gods that were created and later gained wisdom leading to a similarity to Genesis presenting the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden and so says: Increasing in wisdom, in understanding and in ...strength. Apsu planned to destroy the gods to form a universe of order in a chaotic world. Ea is another god who kills Apsu to prevent what he had planned. Genesis also describes a world full of chaos and God decided to give skills to everyone in order to bring a new order. In Enuma Elish, Ea joins Damkina and has a divine and perfect son whom they call Marduk. In the tablet fragments, phrases were recited found in the Bible, such as "Divine the womb That bore him" (Luke 11:27), "My beloved is! My son, who is my Sun, Sun for all the Heavens "(Matt 3:17). Within the epic Kingu mate Tiamat which motivated to make monsters to kill the other gods. Tiamat think monsters including a ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. Compare and Contrast the Biblical Creation Myths with... Compare and contrast the Biblical creation myths with other creation myths from Greece and the Ancient Near East. This essay will compare and contrast the Biblical creation myths with other creation myths from Greece and the Ancient Near East. It will first discuss the initial creation of the universe followed by the creation of mankind and finally the recreation of man whilst drawing parallels to Sumerian and Babylonian texts, The Old Testament and Hesiods Theogony. In paying particular attention to the chronology of each myth it will be shown that the creation myths regarding the universe and mankind evolved from as far back as the Sumerian stories. From the fragmented Sumerian tablets discovered throughout the nineteenth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Although there are echoes of Mesopotamian and Greek creation myths all through Genesis, especially the order in which creation transpired, all three also represent the universe as a three tiered dome including heaven, earth, and the underworld. However, the differences are also plentiful. Both the Greeks and Sumerians/Babylonians believed in a polytheistic monarchy whereas the Israelites (particularly after their exile from Babylon) adopted a non–pagan retelling focusing on a single gods omnipotence , however through much of Genesis 1:1–31 we find the LORD addressing another presence; "Let us make man in our likeliness ." evidently their was some difficulty in the complete abortion of a polytheistic belief system when evolving the new creation story. The monotheistic creation of the universe is accomplished by separating each part into its place to fulfill its function (for example; the moon and sun) whereas all polytheistic myths involve another deity being created, usually through the union of two others, to represent the different parts of the physical universe or in some cases, like the great Babylonian goddess Mammu–Tiamat being split into two to form the earth and the heavens, the god and the physical object created are one and the same . In all Mesopotamian and Greek cosmogony myths and Hebrew ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. Bahrain Essay Bahrain History of Bahrain Bahrain was once part of the ancient civilization of Dilmun and served as an important link in trade routes between Sumeria and the Indus Valley as much as 5000 years ago. Since the late 18th century Bahrain has been governed by the Al–Khalifa family, which created close ties to Britain by signing the General Treaty of Peace in 1820. A binding treaty of protection, known as the Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship, was concluded in 1861 and further revised in 1892 and 1951. This treaty was similar to those entered into by the British Government with the other Persian Gulp principalities. It specified that the ruler could not dispose of any of his territory except to the United Kingdom and could not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Their religion was founded near the sixth century by a cleric named Muhammad (Please note that his name is spelled many different ways and this is the one chosen for this report). Muhammad claimed to have had revelations from Allah dictating how a follower of Islam should act. Since those days sixth century Islamic morals have dominated the Middle East. This can be very confusing for a westerner at first. Instead of being just part of life, as many people view religion in the west, Islamic followers believe it is everything to them. Based on its linguistic origin, the Arabic word 'Islam' means to achieve peace––peace with God, peace within oneself, and peace with the creations of God through submission to God and commitment to His guidance. Islam is not a new religion but the final culmination and fulfillment of the same basic truth that God revealed through all His prophets to every people. For a fifth of the world's population, Islam is not just a personal religion but a complete way of living. Over a billion people from all races, nationalities and cultures across the globe are Muslim––from the rice farms of Indonesia to the deserts in the heart of Africa; from the skyscrapers of New York to the Bedouin tents in Arabia. Only 18% of Muslims live in the Arab world; a fifth are found in Sub–Saharan Africa; and the world's largest Muslim community is in Indonesia. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...