The document discusses the history and workings of the Leyden jar, one of the earliest capacitors. It describes how the Leyden jar was invented in 1745 by Ewald Georg von Kleist but later improved upon by Pieter van Musschenbroek. The jar consists of a glass container lined with metal foil and filled partially with water, and works by storing equal but opposite charges. Benjamin Franklin later experimented with Leyden jars and Michael Faraday invented the first commercial capacitor.
Kelimpahan unsur :
1.Hidrogen adalah unsur yang paling melimpah di alam. Perkiraan persentase jumlah hidrogen di alam adalah sebesar 92% dan helium sebesar 7%, serta sisanya 1% adalah unsur yang lain. Tetapi kelimpahan H2 di atmosfer bumi sangat kecil. Hal ini disebabkan medan gravitasi bumi terlalu kecil untuk mengikat unsur tersebut, meskipun sejumlah H2 ditemukan dalam gas vulkanik. Di sisi lain, hidrogen termasuk dalam sepuluh unsur yang paling melimpah dalam kerak bumi (1520 ppm atau 0,152% berat). Senyawa yang mengandung hidrogen sangat melimpah, khususnya air, makhluk hidup (karbohidrat dan protein), senyawa organik, bahan bakar fosil (batubara, petroleum dan gas alam), amonia dan asam. Pada kenyataannya, hidrogen lebih banyak dalam bentuk senyawa daripada unsur lainnya. Meskipun hidrogen memiliki berat kurang dari 1% dari kerak bumi, kira-kira 16% dari atom pada permukaan bumi berupa hidrogen. Sebagian besar hidrogen alam ditemukan di dalam air.
Total slides: 102
Depletion Layer in PN Junction
Barrier Potential in a PN junction
Energy Diagram of PN Junction
Biasing The PN Junction
V-I Characteristics of P-N junction Diode
Applications of Diode - Rectiers
Photodiode
Light Emitting Diodes - LED
Zener Diode
From this week, I will share my reading notes based on "Batteries in a Portable World: A Handbook on Rechargeable Batteries for Non-Engineers" and my reflections there.
This media is contains a physics matery about electricity. You can copy and use this media for your own good like to make a presentation in your classroom.
Kelimpahan unsur :
1.Hidrogen adalah unsur yang paling melimpah di alam. Perkiraan persentase jumlah hidrogen di alam adalah sebesar 92% dan helium sebesar 7%, serta sisanya 1% adalah unsur yang lain. Tetapi kelimpahan H2 di atmosfer bumi sangat kecil. Hal ini disebabkan medan gravitasi bumi terlalu kecil untuk mengikat unsur tersebut, meskipun sejumlah H2 ditemukan dalam gas vulkanik. Di sisi lain, hidrogen termasuk dalam sepuluh unsur yang paling melimpah dalam kerak bumi (1520 ppm atau 0,152% berat). Senyawa yang mengandung hidrogen sangat melimpah, khususnya air, makhluk hidup (karbohidrat dan protein), senyawa organik, bahan bakar fosil (batubara, petroleum dan gas alam), amonia dan asam. Pada kenyataannya, hidrogen lebih banyak dalam bentuk senyawa daripada unsur lainnya. Meskipun hidrogen memiliki berat kurang dari 1% dari kerak bumi, kira-kira 16% dari atom pada permukaan bumi berupa hidrogen. Sebagian besar hidrogen alam ditemukan di dalam air.
Total slides: 102
Depletion Layer in PN Junction
Barrier Potential in a PN junction
Energy Diagram of PN Junction
Biasing The PN Junction
V-I Characteristics of P-N junction Diode
Applications of Diode - Rectiers
Photodiode
Light Emitting Diodes - LED
Zener Diode
From this week, I will share my reading notes based on "Batteries in a Portable World: A Handbook on Rechargeable Batteries for Non-Engineers" and my reflections there.
This media is contains a physics matery about electricity. You can copy and use this media for your own good like to make a presentation in your classroom.
Supercapacitors or EDLCs (i.e. electric double-layer capacitors) or ultra-capacitors are becoming increasingly popular as alternatives for the conventional and traditional battery sources. This brief overview focuses on the different types of supercapacitors, the relevant quantitative modeling areas and the future of supercapacitor research and development. Supercapacitors may emerge as the solution for many application-specific power systems. Especially, there has been great interest in developing supercapacitors for electric vehicle hybrid power systems, pulse power applications, as well as back-up and emergency power supplies. Because of their flexibility, however, supercapacitors can be adapted to serve in roles for which electrochemical batteries are not as well suited. Also, supercapacitors have some intrinsic characteristics that make them ideally suited to specialized roles and applications that complement the strengths of batteries. In particular, supercapacitors have great potential for applications that require a combination of high power, short charging time, high cycling stability and long shelf life. So, let’s just begin the innovative journey of these near future of life-long batteries that can charge up almost anything and everything within a few seconds!
2. Presentation
Good morning to everybody, we are three
Haig school students doing a technological
processes.
The members of the group are: Gerard,
Ariadna and Oriol.
Now we are going to talk about our project
Our project is: THE LEYDEN JAR
3. DEFINITION
The Leyden jar is a capacitor and an
electronic device that is used to store
electrical energy. They are only used
to store the electrons and they are
not capable of producing
them.
4. INVENTION OF THE CAPACITOR
Ewald Georg von Kleist
There are many stories behind the invention of the
capacitor. A German scientist named Ewald Georg von
Kleist was known to invent the capacitor in November
1745. But, he did not have any detailed notes or records
of his invention. So, he was given the credit for evolution
of the capacitor.
Ewald Georg von Kleist
5. PIETER VAN MUSSCHENBROEK
A few months later a Dutch professor called Pieter
van Musschenbroek found a similar device called
the Leyden Jar. Scientists approved this to be the
first capacitor. After years, both the scientists have
been given equal credit for the invention of the
capacitor.
Pieter Van Musschenbroek
6. Benjamin Franklin
Years later, Benjamin Franklin experimented with the Leyden
Jar, and was able to make a smaller capacitor which was
named as Franklin Square after him. Later English chemist
Michael Faraday began experimenting on the Leyden Jar,
and invented the first commercial capacitor. This capacitor
was made from large oil barrels. This was later progressed in
such a way that electric power could be delivered to very
large distances.
Benjamin Franklin Michael Faraday
7. THE LAYDEN JAR
The Leyden Jar basically consists of a glass jar, which was lined
inside and outside with metal foils usually made of lead. The glass
jar was half filled with water. The glass jar was used as the
dielectric. A brass rod is introduced from the top of the glass jar. A
static supply was then given from the brass
rod into the jar.
When this is delivered the jar will store two equal,
but opposite charges in equilibrium which
passes on to the ground if a ground wire is given.
The figure of a Leyden Jar is given below.
8. WORING OF A CAPACITOR
A capacitor is defined by the type of dielectric
selected. It also defines the application of the
capacitor. According to the size and type of dielectric
used, the capacitor can be used for high-voltage as
well as low-voltage applications. For applications in
radio tuning circuits air is commonly used as the
dielectric. Take a look at the figure given below to
know about dielectric in a capacitor: