The document discusses the language of research, which involves searching for truth in a systematic, scientific way. It examines characteristics like using multi-syllable words and specific types of questions, as well as concepts like variables, hypotheses, data, units of analysis, and operational definitions. Operational definitions specify how a research study will measure concepts by defining them in terms of the activities and operations used to assess them.

1. THE
LANGUAGE
OF
RESEARCH

2. Answer the following:
BOUNDS
(What is it?)
(example)
(What is it)
(example)
ENDOWED

3. Characteristics
of the language
of Research

4. • Research is searching for truth in a systematic way or
in a scientific method. Doing thing in this manner
means going into a world of science deals mostly
with facts, principles, theories, generation and
methods.
• Research also have a bounds and endowed.

5. Research-Language
Formation

6. 1. Multi-syllable Words
Reflecting the inherent characteristics of research as
a scientific method are made up of a number of
syllable.
Examples:
 Theoretical-concepts
 Empirical-observable
 Probabilistic-numeral

7. 2. Types and form of questions
Research has its own types of question
It has to ask questions that describe show
relationships, and give reasons behind the
occurrence of somethings.
Example:
.
.

8. 3. Span of time covered by the
Research
Owing to the length of time-months or years-that
takes place in a study.
Cross-sectional study- involve a one-time
collection of data in a span of
a time.
Longitudinal study- repeated collection of
data for the purpose of finding out changes
of patterns over time.

9. Longitudinal Study

10. 4. Variable relationship
 A variable has effects on another variable, based on
cause-effect relationships and on a certain pattern that
may result in positive or negative relationship.
Independent variable- the cause of something
Dependent variable- bears the effects of the
independent variable
Extraneous variable- extra or unexpected
variable cropping up outside the
research design
Confounding variable- unstable variable

11. 5. Formulation of Hypothesis
It signals the occurrence of a Scientific or
investigative way of doing things.
Null Hypothesis- guessing negative result
Alternative Hypothesis- for positive result

12. 6. Data
These are facts, information, or logically
derived forms of knowledge.
Qualitative Data- are verbally and
subjectively expressed
Quantitative Data- are numerically and
objectively expressed

13. 7. Unit of Analysis
Subject or object of your research study makes up
one major entity and this may either be on of the
following:
a. Individual, group, artefact(painting, book,
travelogue)
b. Geographical unit(municipality, province, country)
c. Social interaction(husband-wife, teacher-learner,
employer-employee)

14. Operational
Definition

15.  Making the concept or the things meaningful by
specifying the way your research should measure
such concept.
 It defining the basic concept through the operation
used or research activity involved to the measure the
concept

16. Guidelines in Giving
Operational Definitions

17. 1. Have a clear understanding of the concept focused on
by your study before you begin defining such concept
operationally.
2. Base your operational definition on the concept under
study.
3. Express the operational definition in only one sentence.
4. Let the operational definition explain the measurement
of variable clearly.
5. Construct an operational definition that other
researcher can understand, assess, and repeat in other
research studies.

18. Example of
Operational
Definition

19. 1. Defining Tempersture

20. 2. Defining Electric Current

21. 3. Defining Anger

22. 4. Defining Virgo

23. Quiz 2
• 2 Characteristics language of research.
• 7 research-language formation
• 2 research introduced terms of studies
• 4 kinds of variables
• Explain operational definition. (5pts)