The Kemalist One Party State established a dictatorship in Turkey beginning in 1925 through laws that authorized a single party and repressed opposition. The Republican People's Party (RPP) established a monopoly on power and Turkey was officially declared a one party state by 1931. Kemalism, centered around principles like republicanism, secularism, and nationalism, became the dominant state ideology. After Ataturk's death in 1938, Ismet Inonü continued his predecessor's policies as national leader through the 1940s, maintaining a authoritarian regime while pursuing secularization and modernization reforms. Turkey maintained a cautious foreign policy during this period, seeking to avoid conflict until declaring war on Germany in 1945 to qualify for the United Nations.

1. The Kemalist One Party
State
KATHY LIZBETH CHAMBI
NESTOR ALANGUA
ARNOLD ASLLANI
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2. • The law on Maintaince of Order in March 1925,Turkish government authorized one party and
not to put fine on it, a dictatorship.
• In 1925-26 the law and the tribunals were established and were used to silence all the
oppositions, Mustafa Kemal Pasha vindicated the repression in 1927.
• RPP established a power monopoly and at the party congress in 1931,Turkish political System
was officially declared to be that of one party state.
• According to the 1924 Constitution, all power resided in the Great National Assembly of
Turkey was only legitimate representative of nations sovereign will.

3. • The set of ideas that together formed Ataturkism or Kemalist came to be called in
1980.People could describe it as a set of attitudes and opinions that were never classified.
• The main principles of Kemalist in party programme of 1931 were republicanism, secularism,
nationalism, populism , statism and revolutionism.
• These six principles, symbolized in the party programme emblem as six arrows,were
incorporated in the Turkish constitution of 1937 and together they formed the state Ideology
of Kemalism.

4. Atatürk’s death
• Some of Atatürk’s irritability behavior during 1937–38 may have been due to his health. He
was generally healthy until early in 1937, when the symptoms of advanced cirrhosis of the
liver, due to excessive consumption of alcohol over many years, started to become apparent.
Mustafa Kemal Pasha Atatürk died on 10 November 1938 in the Dolmabahçe Palace in
Istanbul. On 11 November the National Assembly elected İsmet İnönü the second president
of the republic.

5. İsmet Inonu as ‘Narional Leader’
• After Ataturk death the person who was meant to continue the basic policies of
his predecessor was İsmet İnönü.The term millî şef (national leader), which
from time to time had been used for Atatürk in the 1930s, now became İnönü’s
official title.
• İnönü tried to broaden his political base by a policy of reconciliation with the
old leaders of the independence movement such as Ali Fuat Cebesoy and Refet
Bele.
• The turkish authoritian regime of 1930s and 1940s was not culturally and
religiously conservative. There were many similarities between Italian fascist
regime and the Kemalist like extreme nationalism, racist rhetoric and
personality cult but Unlike the fascists, the Kemalists never attempted any
large-scale or permanent mobilization of the population for its goals.

6. • The most characteristic element of Kemalist reform was the secularist drive, wich was focus
in secularization of state, education and law and attack the religion by all ways.The abolition
of the sultanate and caliphate, the proclamation of the republic and the new constitution in
1922–24 were the final stages in the secularization of the state.
• The introduction of family names in 1934 was a great step forward insofar as registration was
concerned. The assembly voted to bestow on Mustafa Kemal Pasha the family name Atatürk
(Father-Turk). The name was exclusive to him and his descendants, but since he died childless
no other Turk has ever been called Atatürk.
• Perhaps the most drastic measure was the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1928, on 9
August the president officially announced for the first time that the Turkish script would
replace the Ottoman alphabet. So alphabet movilization started, and they tried to teach the
new language as far as it could be possible

7. In the financial sector two banks were founded: “Business bank” and “The industrial bank”.
The industrial sector was still weak; which gave place to the entrance of many foreign
companies. The largest sector of Turkish economy was still based on agriculture.
• At the 1931 RPP congress “ statism” was adopted officially ( kemalist ideology).It was not a
form of socialism but meant that the state took over responsibility for creating and running
industries.
• During the second half of the 1930 there was a steady increase in Turkey´s GNP, but was still
vulnerable for when the Second World War broke out. The increasing of its army brought
economic strains. Which were faced by rising taxes and printing money, thus encouraging
inflation

8. Foreign Relations
• The Turkish Republic’s foreign policy throughout the period from 1923 to 1945 can be
characterized as cautious, realistic and generally aimed at the preservation of the status quo
and the hard-won victory of 1923.Until the end of the 1920s, its relations with the Western
European democracies were dogged by the aftermath of Lausanne. Most important was the
quarrel with Britain over Mosul, an oil-rich province, largely inhabited by Kurds, though with
Arab and Turkish minorities.

9. • Possible aggression by Italy remained the most concern of the Turkish leadership.
• On 19 October 1939 the Anglo-Franco-Turkish treaty of mutual support was signed.
• The collapse of France had changed the balance of power and, despite treaty's obligations,
Turkey devoted all it energy to staying out of the war.
• Churchill and İnönü reached agreement over a programme of preparations for the arrival of
allied warplanes, but the preparations were sabotaged by the Turks.
• After many pressure from allies on 23 February 1945, Turkey officially declared war on
Germany in order toqualify as a founding member of the United Nations.