The Role of Rituals in Human Interaction and Society

The Jesus Movement Occurred Within The Intertestamental Era
The Jesus Movement occurred within the intertestamental era. The movement had one foot in the
past on the other in the future as this period emerged. Before Christianity stepped out on its own, it
was considered to be a sect of Judaism. Hellenism acted as a veneer over the everyday life of Jews,
but beneath that veneer, the Jewish worldview dominated the Gospel, not pagan Hellenism (Eddy,
2014). The claim that the Trinity is a Hellenistic pagan corruption of the early church was denied by
recent research. Early Christianity was rooted in Jewish theological thought and like Judaism, the
new faith guarded its identity (Eddy, 2014).
One of the best kept secrets in the Christian church is the large role that women played in the early
church. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Christian and secular writers credited women with the growth of the church (Krueger and Kroger,
2012).
There is nothing inherent in the character of Christian ministry as it is presented in the writings of
the New Testament which would give reason for the exclusion of women. On the contrary, the New
Testament portrays Jesus treating women as equal human beings. It also portrays women and men
serving side by side in the various ministries of the early church . . . According to the evidence, the
exclusion of women from ecclesiastical ministry is neither in accord with the teaching or practice of
Jesus with that of the first century church" (Bacchiocchi, 1987).
Contrary to Rabbi ben Azariah's remark that "Rather should the words of the Torah be burned than
entrusted to a woman . . . Whoever teaches his daughter the Torah is like one who teaches her
obscenities," the Holy Spirit was poured out on all the disciples, men and women alike, on the Day
of Pentecost (Bacchiocchi, 1987). Peter quoted Joel to solidify that "Your sons and your daughters
shall prophesy. . . and on my menservants and my maidservants in those days I will pour out my
Spirit" (Acts 2:17–18). Maidservants meant that women had received the gift of the Holy Spirit
(Bacchiocchi, 1987).
Jesus was revolutionary in that he treated women and men as equals and violated many Old
Testament regulations and traditions that indicated gender inequality. Robinson (2012) stated many
examples of how Jesus treated women
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

History Of Math Essay
The History of Math
Mathematics, study of relationships among quantities, magnitudes, and properties and of logical
operations by which unknown quantities, magnitudes, and properties may be deduced. In the past,
mathematics was regarded as the science of quantity, whether of magnitudes, as in geometry, or of
numbers, as in arithmetic, or of the generalization of these two fields, as in algebra. Toward the
middle of the 19th century, however, mathematics came to be regarded increasingly as the science of
relations, or as the science that draws necessary conclusions. This latter view encompasses
mathematical or symbolic logic, the science of using symbols to provide an exact theory of logical
deduction and inference based on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Egyptians used sums of unit fractions (a), supplemented by the fraction B, to express all other
fractions. For example, the fraction E was the sum of the fractions 3 and *. Using this system, the
Egyptians were able to solve all problems of arithmetic that involved fractions, as well as some
elementary problems in algebra. In geometry, the Egyptians calculated the correct areas of triangles,
rectangles, and trapezoids and the volumes of figures such as bricks, cylinders, and pyramids. To
find the area of a circle, the Egyptians used the square on U of the diameter of the circle, a value of
about 3.16–close to the value of the ratio known as pi, which is about 3.14. The Babylonian system
of numeration was quite different from the Egyptian system. In the Babylonian system–which, when
using clay tablets, consisted of various wedge–shaped marks–a single wedge indicated 1 and an
arrowlike wedge stood for 10 (see table). Numbers up through 59 were formed from these symbols
through an additive process, as in Egyptian mathematics. The number 60, however, was represented
by the same symbol as 1, and from this point on a positional symbol was used. That is, the value of
one of the first 59 numerals depended henceforth on its position in the total numeral. For example, a
numeral consisting of a symbol for 2 followed by one for 27 and ending in one for 10 stood for 2 ×
602 + 27 × 60 + 10.

What Was Paul 's Response Of The 1st Century Circumcision...
Armand Jeffris
Daise
RELG 204
May 2nd, 2016
Final Exam
1. Paul and Gnosticism.
What was Paul's response to the 1st–century circumcision controversy? What were the characteristic
features (beliefs & practices) of Gnostic Christianity? And in your judgment, can either viewpoint
(or both) be considered 'orthodox' over against the other?
Throughout the early history of Christianity, disputes broke out over mosaic law, particularly in the
mid first century when the issue of circumcision, cutting off the foreskin of a man's penis, was a
heavily debated and a recurring issue among different churches and members of the church. Many
Christians believed that following the mosaic law, which included the act of circumcision, was no
longer required for salvation as having faith and accepting Jesus as the messiah would be enough.
Others, on the other hand, believed that requirements set forth in the mosaic law were still necessary
to be saved. These people were negatively branded with the name Judaizers (those who believed that
all Christians should follow the Law of Moses), and were often criticized for being discriminatory
and elitist. A meeting was then held to discuss the whether the application of the mosaic law to new
members of the Christian community, particularly focusing on if those trying to convert, were
obliged undergo circumcision to be accepted into, and become part of, the Christian community. The
apostolic decree of the council of Jerusalem moved away from its

Essay on The Early Renaissance
The Early Renaissance
Today, what is considered to be the modern times began with the Early Renaissance at the start of
the 15th century. As time has progressed, things have modified within societies to mold with the
new ways of thinking for that time. Between the years of the 1400's and the 1800's this world has
undergone many changes. Focusing on Europe, the major forces of change were in politics,
economics, and religion. In modern European history political effort were supplied by the state.
Early in the 15th century political warfare was the theme of everyday life. It was not until the Peace
of Lodi in 1454 that a balance of power was established and ended the hundred years war. Early in
the 16th century there is a rise ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Banking was over run by the Germans. Trade in the East came to an end with the fall of
Constantinople. By the end of the 16th century, economics had shifted from the Mediterranean to
the Atlantic with the Spanish discovery of the New World. With this trade shift the worldwide
economy was in the makings. In the 17th century mercantilism is very prominent. Things such as
state–granted monopolies, regulated exports and imports, tariffs, custom duties, quotas, slavery,
colonial taxes, and plantation system were in full effect. By the 18th century, a supply and demand
economy had produced. Through mercantilism, state regulations lowered the living standards of
workers. The every day lives that were led in modern Europe where primarily surrounded by
religious ideas. In the times of the 15th century, religion in Europe revolved around the religious
beliefs of the Papal Court. Though there were many religious battles over the Church, few doubted
the Church, following its every demand. By the 16th century, many began to challenge that of the
Papal State. People felt that the beliefs and efforts of the Church had traveled way off track, and was
in need of some repair. Martin Luther began the radical attempt to fix what had gone wrong within
the Papal State by posting his Ninety–five Theses upon the door of the Wittenberg University. The
outcome of Luther's efforts supplied Europe with beginnings

Rituals Are An Important Aspect Of Human Interaction And...
Rituals are an important aspect of human interaction and society, and they provide a link and
support to those around us. Rituals make us self–aware of our emotional state and provide spiritual
refuge when we need it. They are the vessel through which we can become closer to our gods or
deities; they are sanctuaries in time of need, distractions from the overwhelming feeling of dealing
with life and its troubles, they are the pillars of faith that keep us intact. Without them, we would be
a very distant and disconnected society. The ritual I have chosen to discuss is one that particularly
caught my attention, including the many variations of it as well–the Buddhist Fire Ritual, or Homa
(goma). The purpose of this ritual is to get rid of negative energies and to cleanse the mind and
spirit, and involves the beating of drums, chanting of mantras, and of course, fire. Variations of this
ritual depend on the occasion, but they all include the burning of the fire, invoking higher powers,
and reciting said mantras. As part of my research on this ritual, I looked up a YouTube video on it
and found it to be very interesting. The one I watched of this ritual being performed took place in a
small, dimly–lit room, mainly lit up with ceremonial candles, holding few people and two Buddhist
priests. One was chanting the mantras, beating a Taiko drum, and shaking bells while the other did
the work with the fire and the main aspect of the ritual. After distributing what was

The Development Of Mathematical Psychology
Psychology established into a mathematical discipline through a series of events during history. This
establishment led to the development of mathematical psychology; a field encompassing empirical
methodology (Benjafield, 2015). Furthermore, through the implementation of math in psychology,
findings from previous and current studies of psychology influenced the plethora of knowledge
available today–directly impacting society's understanding and application of psychological
phenomena. This is articulated through mathematical ideas originating from the ancient Greeks,
which inspired further research in the field – abundantly, throughout the past three centuries (18th to
21st) (Benjafield, 2015). Specifically, ideas from Euclid in ancient Greece inspired Gustav Fechner
to develop mathematical concepts in his formation of psychophysics (Zudini, 2011). In the 18th
century, arguments regarding the implementation of math in science were becoming a common
query. The field of psychometrics began during this period and early psychologists like Ernst Weber
began developing relationships between mathematical concepts (Benjafield, 2015). During the 19th
century, Gustav Fechner developed his field of psychophysics and inspired several future
psychologists to continue his work and develop their own ideas of mathematical psychology
(Benjafield, 2015; Robinson, 2010). Developments in this field instigated the notion of using
experimental psychology during World War I, and the 1950s–1970s

Essenes Influence On Judaism
THE ESSENES The Essenes were a group of highly–evolved spiritual beings – to which Mary and
Joseph and Jesus and their family and friends belonged – who were strict vegetarians, never drank
any alcohol, engaged in daily prayers and ritual ablutions, foretold the future, and were extremely
knowledgeable in the scriptures, and in charting the constellations and movement of the stars. The
Essenes lived harmoniously in Judea with the two other major sects within Judaism of the day: the
Pharisees and the Sadducees. However, the Essenes differed from the Pharisees and the Sadducees
in many significant ways:
(1) They were absolutely non–violent;
(2) They were strict vegetarians, and they would never eat any ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(7) They interpreted the Torah the other scriptures in a spiritual and symbolic manner. They also had
secret writings of their own that would have been revealed to initiates at the appropriate time.
(8) In contrast to all of those around them, the Essenes held a universal, eclectic view of religion and
accepted the holy books and scriptures of other religions as different expressions of one divine truth.
(9) They prized celibacy, and they often observed celibacy even in marriage.
(10) Unlike any other social organization before or since, the Essenes considered men and women to
be absolutely equal in every respect and, in particular, men and women were considered to be
spiritual equals.
(11) Both men and women were highly–educated, and there were teachers and healers and prophets
of both

Pompey The Great : Qualities Of A National Leader
Pompey the Great There are many qualities that a national leader should have. First and foremost,
every national leader should be educated. Without education, leaders would not be able to
communicate with other leaders. Leaders would not be able to fix their people's problems because
they do not know the logical way to solve it. For example if a farmer had trouble bringing water to
their farmland, an uneducated leader would be probably make an incorrect decision, but an
education leader would be able to think reasonably and come up with a easier way for the farmer to
water his crops, like using irrigation. Second, a national leader must also be resilient. Resilience
allows leaders to keeping preserving. For example, when a leader loses his men to a rival, he must
be able to overcome the defeat and continue to try to win the war the leader's country is in with
another country. Third of all, a leader should also have the trait of perseverance. With perseverance,
a leader can reach their dreams that may help their nation. For instance, if a leader wants to achieve
a nation where everything is run on solar energy and meets a hindrance in the process, a persistent
leader should be able to to find a way to solve the problem, no matter how long it takes, and goal to
aim for their goal. Every national leader must also be superior. Superiority makes the leader have
more control over his nation. For example, if all the leader's people act crazy and order disappears,
then the leader

Peace Tree Research Paper
Spilling down a slope overlooking Jerusalem, the Peace Forest symbolizes the unity of Jerusalem
after the Six–Day War, harmony between Arab and Jewish people and the hope for peace in a land
birthed and raised in turmoil. Here, the city plants a tree for EVERY child born in Jerusalem.
According to Moshe Rivlin, who served as chairman of the Jewish National Fund (JNF) until his
death in 2004, "In most countries people are born to forests, and forests are given to them by nature.
But here in this country, if you see a tree, it was planted by somebody."
Every nation grooms its forests, planting replacement trees, keeping forests in place for
environmental and aesthetic reasons, but Israel HAD to plant trees. We know there were trees in
Biblical Israel...When the Queen of Sheba knocked on Solomon's palace door...ostensibly to observe
his wisdom...1st Kings 10:27 notes that silver was as plentiful as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Thankfully, today, due to a massive reforestation campaign by the JNF, contemporary Israel boasts
no less than 280 forests consisting of 185 million trees. This dedication to reforesting the Holy
Land, even as many predicted failure, has changed the landscape of the country, rolling back the
desert in several areas and significantly affecting the quality of the environment.
The Peace Forest project began at the end of the Six–Day War in 1967 and unknown to those who
embarked on the task, a marvelous archaeological discovery waited underneath newly planted trees.
Many archaeological discoveries in Israel come from pure chance, someone starts to build a house,
someone plows a field, somebody decides to remodel or workers begin to widen a road....in a forest!
During a project to widen a road through the Peace Forest, workers stumbled across an unusually
large burial site which yielded a bone box or

Analysis Of ' On Noise ' Essay
On Noise, is a stoic piece composed by Seneca who was raised in Rome during the first century AD.
On Noise explores an aspect of humanity that is surprisingly appropriate for our current times, how
it is part of human nature to become distracted. Seneca explores the fascinating idea of how it is
human nature to be distracted and that we must busy ourselves with tasks or succumb to the danger
of being overcome by the distractions or the "noise" that surrounds us, he does through the extended
metaphor of the obvious distractions of sound and by using the scenario of busy street in everyday
life, for the sake of this essay we will take the definition of human nature to be "The general
psychological characteristics, feelings and behavioural traits of human kind, regarded as shared by
all humans". We as a reader must take into account that this is a translation of a Latin text and that in
Latin the order that the words are written is extremely important, even so that writers such as Ovid
or Pliny could spend days on single sentences trying to perfectly compose it, Latin prose is an art
form in itself, but we can grasp the simple techniques that are just as applicable in English as they
are in Latin, and henceforth from them the examination of human psyche that Seneca has gone
through in this text. We are led through a journey that was typical to texts of this stoic form and
intent, he first involves us into the text using the reader as an example as he submerges us into the

No Matter What Path God Calls A Missionary Essay
No matter what path God calls a missionary to, the initial goals are the same. These goals are: 1)
Build and edify the church, 2) Meeting needs, and 3) Spread the Gospel. The task of utmost
importance is that of building the church, a community of believers. It is through evangelizing that
men come to hear, know, and accept the redemptive plan of God through Jesus Christ. This is done
by preaching and teaching this message when opportunity arises. It is also done by living out your
faith in the day to day of mission life. We are to make the book of Acts our living example in
growing and edifying a body of believers (Warren 26–31) (Hodges 61–62)
Secondly, we are to meet the basic needs of that community and of those around us. These needs
may be physical, financial, or spiritual. Most often these needs will be physical at first and the later
that opens the door to the spiritual need. The Gospel of Christ is designed to meet all the needs of
man. It provides salvation for the soul and requires helping/loving those who are poor or destitute.
One of the first tasks for the missionary is to provide a Bible in the native tongue if one isn't
available. This is the sole mission of the parachurch group Wycliffe Translators. Other ministries to
the native church will be covered later in more depth. (Kane 297)
The last of the initial tasks for missions is spreading the Gospel. Once a strong, healthy body of
believers has been organized that is well provided for and self–sufficient it

Nash Inclusivism Analysis
The thrust of the supportive text for inclusivism is found in the book of Acts. The story of Cornelius
(Acts 10) , The Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15), Paul's speech in Lystra (Acts 14), and Paul's speech
to the Athenians (Acts 17). Additional scriptures in Timothy (1 Tim 2:3–4), Titus (Titus 2:11), 2
Peter (2 Peter 3:9) and 1 John (1 John 2:2) are examined. Most of the inclusive arguments revolve
around the idea that God is obligated to make salvation available to all people. Nash skillfully
dissects each point and shows a universal weakness to their thought. Each of these verses revolve
around an inclusion of people outside of the Christian or Jewish perspective. In summery he implies
that his assessment and the information of Chapter 8 should encourage inclusivist to reexamine their
position. Jesus did die for all people, but within the divine context of His requirements (CITE
SOMETHING). As Nash has done in previous chapters, he quickly retaliates with information from
the exclusivist perspective. Romans 10, Acts 4, and John 14 are laid out as proofs of Christ being the
only way of salvation in direct ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He as decisively confronted the belief systems on much of their own arguments from scripture and
morality showing flaws and weaknesses that seriously place the teachings in jeopardy for those who
choose to investigate it. From a personal standpoint, inclusivism is a weak, middle ground argument
that attempts to build a bridge across two ideas that are not compatible. Erwin Lutzer in his book
Christ Among Other gods follows much of the same thought as Nash also addressing Clark Pinnock
and John Sanders' teaching as creating a "probable interpretation" out of only a "possible
interpretation." Lutzer supports Nash by showing that they have a concept of fairness based on
limited understanding of God's agenda criticizing them for trying to go beyond what God has

The Sculpture Bas Relief : Nemesis, Allat And The Dedicator
Introduction
The sculpture Bas–relief: Nemesis, Allat and the dedicator (c.200AD) (figure1) was construction in
2nd or 3rd century AD in the Hejaz peninsula for the pagans to worship and blessings is considered
conventional in its day. The sculpture contains three chief goddesses and daughters of 'Allah'. While
the maker is unknown, the sculptures were imported from the Eastern and the Western worlds. There
was an influence from the western stone sculptures from Europe. Some of the goddesses were also
imported from India. This certain type of goddesses usually belong to the historical period from 2nd
century AD to late 5th century AD or until Muhammad's prophecy(570 AD– 632AD. Currently
these sculptures are located in Museum of Fine Arts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
'Allah' ordered Abraham (1800 B.C.) along with his son Ishmael (1911 B.C.) to rebuild the Kaaba to
symbolize the oneness of God. The word "Allah" means "one supreme god" in Arabic and even
today the word "Allah" has been used by monotheistic Arab Christians and Jews. It is believed that
the first inhabitants in the city of Mecca were Ishmael, son of Abraham and Ishmael's mother Hagar.
The Quraysh tribe had the authority and power over the Kaaba. The Quraysh tribe are the
descendants of Abraham from his son Ishmael. The pagans around the Arabic peninsula believed
that Allah many daughters and the three daughters were the chief goddesses named Al–lat, Al–
Manat, and Al–Uzza. [1]
Social–Cultural Designation
The Arabian period included the main periods: ancient period (1st BCE), the middle period( 1st to
4th century AD), and the late period ('Monotheistic period' or the later 4th century). [ ]The Hejaz
peninsula consisted of various beliefs including polytheistic faiths, Christianity, Judaism, and
Zoroastrianism. The historical period of pre–Islamic era is known as "the period of Jahiliyyah" or
the period of ignorance. In this period, men had all control of their women. The women in pre–
Islamic Arabia had no rights, the rights came with the status of their husbands or their fathers or
their family and their status in the city. The women in the society had no choice for chosen

Ajanta and Ellora are the pride of Maharashtra
INTRO
Ajanta and Ellora are the pride of Maharashtra. The rock–cut caves of both these sites are world
famous and illustrate the degree of skill and artistry that Indian craftsmen had achieved several
hundred years ago. Ajanta dates from 100 B.C. while Ellora is younger by some 600 years. The
village of Ajanta is in the Sahyadri hills, about 99 kms. From Aurangabad; a few miles away in a
mammoth horseshoe–formed rock, are 30 caves overlooking a gorge, `each forming a room in the
hill and some with inner rooms. Al these have been carved out of solid rock with little more than a
hammer and chisel and the faith and inspiration of Buddhism. Here, for the Buddhist monks, the
artisans excavated Chaityas (chapels) for prayer and Viharas ... Show more content on
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A first group of caves was created in the 2nd century BC: the chaitya–grihas open into the rock wall
by doorways surmounted by a horse–shoe shaped bay. The ground plan is a basilical one: piers
separate the principal nave from the side aisles which join in the apsis to permit the ritual
circumambulation behind the (commemorative monument). This rupestral architecture scrupulously
reproduces the forms and elements visible in wooden constructions.
According to Spink (2006), the first phase was the construction of sanctuaries (known as chaytia–
grihas) built during the period 100 BCE to 100 CE, probably under the patronage of the Satavahana
dynasty (230 BCE – c. 220 CE) in the canyons of the Waghora River. The caves 9, 10, 12 and 15A
were constructed during this period.[5] Murals preserved from this time belong to the oldest
monuments of painted art in India.
[edit]Second period
A second group of caves was created at a later date, the 5th and 6th centuries AD, during the Gupta
and post–Gupta periods. These caves were excavated during the supremacy of the Vakatakas and
Guptas. According to inscriptions, Varahadeva, the minister of the Vakataka king, Harishena (c. AD
475–500), dedicated Cave 16 to the Buddhist sangha while Cave 17 was the gift of the prince, a
feudatory. An inscription records that the Buddha image in Cave 4 was the

Christianity And The First Generation Polycarp
As christianity began its transition from the original apostles onto the second generation Polycarp
became one of the most instrumental figures in the development of the religion. Despite lacking
formal education, Polycarp was christian since his childhood as he was said to be personally
discipled by the apostle John. He became a bishop of the church and was widely regarded as a direct
and humble teacher. During his lifetime he settled many issues surrounding christianity, such as
clarifying the day in which to celebrate Easter, confronting many of the churches heretics and also
successfully converted many people from gnosticism to christianity. For all his teachings and impact
in the formative years of christianity Polycarp left just one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He would then become the first recorded martyr in the post–new testament church history.
Polycarp is regarded as one of the most important people in christian history, the text The
Martyrdom of Polycarp specifically gives him high praise as they proclaim his actions
"courageous", "apostolic" and even "prophetic" as his martyrdom "glorified God almighty" and in
turn making his christian status immortal. A nod to his prophetic actions is illustrated in the text
saying that "Every word which he uttered from his mouth both was fulfilled and will be fulfilled".
The Romans, who were polytheistic and were not open to differing beliefs, the punishment for
which is execution. Despite being a christian his entire life it was not until Polycarp was eighty–six
years old and was already a significant figure in the second generation of christian believers that the
Romans set out to find him. However, it took longer than expected to find him, as he moved a few
times before being betrayed by one of his peers. He was accused of not following roman religious
customs, including praying, and offering sacrifices to Caesar. They brought him to the arena in
Smyrna to persecute him.
While in the arena the romans tried to persuade Polycarp to take the oath to Caesar and deny Christ
but he refused. Subsequently they began threatening him, and considering his old age and the threat
of death, they

Rapid Growth In The Early Church
Madi Buschman
Dr. Nichols
Core 4
27 January 2017
Explanations for Rapid Growth in the Early Church
Approximately five centuries following the initial introduction of Christianity, the religion began to
grow at an exponential rate. What had initially seemed like simply a subtle movement later became
the dominant faith of Western Civilization. This phenomenon of rapid growth is clearly outlined in
the book of Acts: "Day after day the churches grew stronger in faith and increased in number" (Acts
16:5). "The church throughout all Judea, Galilee, and Samaria was at peace. It was being built up
and walked in the fear of the Lord, and with the consolation of the holy Spirit it grew in numbers"
(Acts 9:31). "Many of those who heard the word believed; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Overall, I would argue a theology of love as the foundational factor of the religion's exponential
growth. It wasn't simply the teaching of the values by martyrs, clergy, and priests as stated above
that attracted followers, but also the way that ordinary Christians portrayed love in everything that
they did. As Dr. Reuter (1/31) asserted, the three most important principles in Christianity are to
love God, to love thy neighbor, and to love thyself. Without Christianity, this all–consuming
epidemic of love was unheard of. Without love for God, one's neighbor, and oneself, none of the
proposed explanations for the religion's mass growth would have been

A Closer Look at The Book of Acts Essay
Acts 2:42–47 is a direct model for the Christian Church today. These verses are a clear example of
faith in action. The Holy Spirit's effect on the early church and apostles brought teaching,
fellowship, the breaking of bread and prayer into fruition. The real–life love shown shouts to the
21st century church's need to refocus on these basic tenants. This passage is a summary of the life of
the early church. The four contexts in which the modern–church can draw knowledge to incorporate
these heart–felt actions are historical context, literary contexts, interpretation and application.
Although technically anonymous, most biblical scholars agree that the book of Acts was written by
the physician, Luke. Luke was a traveling companion of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Holy Spirit was also the Comforter of the believers. In the same year the Holy Spirit was sent to
earth in place of Jesus, the Roman Emperor, Nero was rumored to have started the fire which burned
most of Rome to the ground. Nero looked for someone to blame and decided to make his scapegoat
the Christians. He began to persecute Christians by feeding them to lions in front of thousands of
people in Rome's amphitheater which had apparently not been destroyed by the fire. Persecution
was ironically one of the causes of the early church growth in Acts chapter two. The Christians in
Acts 2 totaled to 3,120 people after the sermon given by Peter at Pentecost. The 120 people are from
chapter 1 verse 15 and the 3,000 were added after the sermon in chapter 2 verses 14–41. The sermon
began after the coming of the Holy Spirit and the apostles had spoken in other languages. Men
mocked them saying they were "filled with new wine" (2:13), or drunk. Peter stood and declared
they were not drunk and then began to preach. He told them Jesus was God's Son who was sent to
earth to save them and they had crucified him. However, God raised him up from the dead because
it was impossible for him to be held by death. The people of Jerusalem were "cut to the heart" (36)
by Peter's words. He exhorted them saying, "Save yourselves from this crooked generation" (40).
Three–thousand people came to know Jesus as their Savior and were baptized after Peter's sermon.
These 3,000

The Creation Of The Church
The landscape of the church has changed greatly since the early days of the 1st century. The small
groups, seen in the Book of Acts, have been replaced by large centralized denominations and
religious institutions, and in the process, the idea that the Body of Christ is a family has been
relegated into large groups of strangers. The early church was a family unit that extended far beyond
the ideals and principles experienced in the church today (Sprinkle, 2015). The 1st–century church
exemplified fellowship, commitment, and service to others and was held together by an
unconditional bond made possible by Jesus Christ (Sprinkle, 2015). The church in Acts was also
devoid of hierarchy and actual buildings, except for synagogues. Christians, in the 1st century, were
neither militaristic nor voracious for power; instead, they looked to the cross and overcame evil
through suffering and love, rather than weaponry (Sprinkle, 2015). Early Christians took the church
to the people as Christ intended, as such; it was not uncommon for many to gather in the homes of
others or any other place suitable for fellowship, worship, and the study of God's Word. The church
was more about people, rather than the four walls containing the people of the modern day church
(Sprinkle, 2015). Characteristics of the early church comprised of total acceptance of others,
complete fellowship with God, and the spiritual dynamics of teaching, eating together, praying
together, singing together, and even

Rhetorical Analysis of Cicero's Defense of Marcus Caelius...
Cicero believed that a good orator must do three things in his speech: earn the favor of the audience,
provide persuasive arguments, and move the audience with emotional appeals. In his defense of
Marcus Caelius Rufus one finds an excellent example of Cicero's work and through close
examination can glean some additional information about what Cicero felt was needed in a good
speech. With such scrutiny it becomes readily apparent that each of the three objectives need not be
attained equally. Because while Cicero does attempt to gain the favor of his audience, provide
persuasive arguments, and presents the audience with powerful emotional appeals, he spends a vast
amount of time providing the jury with "proofs" (persuasive arguments), a ... Show more content on
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However, his most obvious attempt to entertain his listeners is seen in his adoption of various
personas, such as "the famous Caecus" (Cicero, p.141–142), or Clodia's younger brother (Cicero,
p.143) and finally the strict and lenient fathers who address Caelius directly (Cicero, p.143–144).
The reasons why he resorts to these methods are almost as evident as the methods themselves. In
this trial there is little to no physical evidence, the prosecution is based almost entirely on the
testimony of Clodia (as Cicero points out (Cicero, p.140–141)) and various other witnesses. And
despite the fact that Cicero claims "Fact will be pitted against fact" (Cicero, p.137) the outcome of
the case depends largely on which side the jury chooses to believe; Cicero knows that if the jury is
on his side then they will tend to value his points over those of his opponents. In order to sway the
jurors he flatters them and attempts to entertain them, because if they feel good will towards him as
he speaks that could easily be transferred to his statements as well. This is extremely important
because much of his defense rests on attacks upon the

Construction Of A Local Public School
Last year, the city of Colchester, England decided to expand the building of a local public school
due to a growing population. The land on which the school is built holds an abundant amount of
archaeological information relevant to the history of Colchester. This data was only briefly reached
in 1911 when amateur archaeologist, Henry Jones, was given permission to quickly excavate the
site. This came about after century old human remains were discovered during the construction of
the original school. From his excavations, Jones' concluded that the remains of the three bodies
discovered were killed during the Boudiccan Rebellion in 60–61 CE. Due to the circumstances
under which Jones' performed his excavations, he was not able to produce a stratigraphic section of
the site. Jones also failed to keep any written record of his excavations and the remaining artifacts
and remains have since been lost. With the expansion of the school in Colchester, it is my job to
perform a thorough excavation of the site before construction begins. Using the law of
superposition, with a start and end date of approximately 200 BCE – 1 CE or 100 BCE ± 100,
stratum 800 is the oldest stratum represented. This date was formulated from the average of seven
radiocarbon samples. Due to the lack of cultural material present in the stratum, it can be surmised
that this stratum was uninhabited.
The next oldest stratum using the law of superposition, is stratum 700, dates to 200 BCE– 1 CE to
43 CE. I

The Characteristics Of Early Islamic Art And Early...
Early Christian art had a rough start. It started off not being wanted because it worshiped idols and
that was frowned upon in the early days. Although, as time went on and Christians started realizing
the benefits that art had at conveying their beliefs. The earliest Christian art occurred in the
catacombs, which were underground tombs under the city and they often depicted biblical symbols
like Noah's ark. Architecture also grew during this time, as people got more accepting of this culture
things started picking up. Art became in demand and so did architecture. Before the spike happened,
early Christians didn't have any designated places to worship and as soon as it became more
accepted that changed. Early Christian churches often mimicked roman work because it was so
successful. An example of this was Old St. Peter. Architecture and art weren't the only thing early
Christians used to push Christianity into the mainstream, music also played a role in the
development Christianity. "Early Christian music prohibited instrumental accompaniment of any
kind" (Benton and Diyannni 185). This was mainly because it wasn't considered religious it was
considered un religious. As time progressed this was eventually overturned. Early Christian music
often used harps as a background for the scriptures.
Islamic art is very different characteristics than early Christian art. The main difference is the
location. Early Christian art started in one place Jerusalem, but Islamic art came from

Roman Arena
During the study abroad trip to Italy, I had the opportunity of visiting another city, Verona. One of
the first stops that were made as a class was the Arena. Not only is the Arena the best preserved
Roman monument in Verona, but it was built in the first century AD. The reason behind this cultural
monument being a favorite was due to the way it was not broken down and once I stepped foot into
the center of the arena, I felt as if I had become apart of what took place years ago within it. Even
though the arena is well preserved, a few changes had been made to the center in order for it to keep
up with modern day culture. The name, Arena, originated from its central arena that was covered in
sand. This famous arena held many gladiator fights when it was first built and now, to keep in touch
with the modern day shows that are held in colesseums, operas are hosted. A fun fact about the arena
is it was originally built outside of the city walls. It was built in that location to make it easier for
people from outside of the city to find it. However, an additional reason for the location was due to
the crowded people throwing riots and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The higher I went on the rows, I could feel the energy of the people chanting on the jousts and
fights. It was almost as if I had become apart of the people that used to come alive in the arena
before the modern day shows. In addition to becoming apart of the life of the people in the Middle
Ages, I began to draw my attention towards the center of the arena to notice if I could actually
imagine and hear the people chanting throughout the different events in time to experience what
took place in this famous Arena and not have to pretend in my mind. As I made my way to the
bottom row, I had wished the openings in the rows were not closed off so that I could expand my
visualization with what used to within those

Radicalism In Charlie Hebdo
Analysis:
Charlie Hebdo is a French satirical weekly magazine founded in 1970. It first started as a companion
to Hara–Kiri, another French satirical magazine whose slogan was "Bête et méchant" (Dumb and
nasty) which are words that Charlie Hebdo has been living by after Hara–Kiri's last published issue
in 1986. Hebdo's characteristic cartoons, reports and jokes could be described as polemic since they
are based on the controversy that religion, politics and culture hold. However, they describe
themselves as secular1, atheists2, left–winged3 and anti–racist4. In French journalism, Charlie
Hebdo is part of a tradition that according to BBC's Hugh Schofield, "combines left–wing
radicalism with a provocative scurrility that often borders on the obscene"1. Schofield notes that in
the 18th Century, the target of this tradition would often be the royal family and any type of
corruption they might ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is usually constituted by punctual aspects such as dress, language, religion and certain rules
regarding morals and values. These characteristics work together in order to build up a
predominating attitude and behavior that distinguishes the group they belong to. According to Ann
Swidler, author of "Cultural Power and Social Movements" culture "shapes individual beliefs and
desires" and "provides a means by which people make sense of the world"3. It makes complete
sense that the way one behaves, most of the time, depends on the type of environment one is
surrounded by because, from a very young age, individuals tend to mimic the actions and reactions
of those who surround them in order to fit into the community. This, of course, is later reflected on
the mindset an individual has adopted since by living amongst shared knowledge and shared
opinions the way one thinks is a copy of the community's cultural core

Within The Context Of American Society, We Have Strayed
Within the context of American society, we have strayed from the true purpose and identity of what
the church was originally created to be. When we hear the word, "church," we think of a building, a
mere location where believers gather together every Sunday. The church of America might believe
the essential elements of the church are an air–conditioned sanctuary, ten different ministry
opportunities, and a full band to lead worship. While none of these things are necessarily bad, they
do not comprise the biblical model of what the church was created to be. The church can be divided
into two components: the Universal Church and the local church. Once a person becomes a believer,
they are part of the Universal Church, the body of believers ... Show more content on
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In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus commands His listeners to "repent for the Kingdom of God is near."
In Acts 3:19, Peter says, "Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that
times of refreshing may come from the Lord." One cannot enter into a relationship with God without
repentance, which is why it is the first essential element of the church. Repentance and faith in
Christ turns a person away from his or her sin and allows that person to enter into the grace of God.
Repentance is a central command of Christ to the church, and so it must be a central command in
our churches today.
The second characteristic Peter considers to be essential is baptism. Jesus himself was baptized; so
believers of the church today must also be baptized. In Matthew 28:18–20, Jesus gives His final
command as, "go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of
the Son and of the Holy Spirit." If Jesus considered baptism worthy and necessary enough to be in
His final command, it is something we should put into practice today. The command to be baptized
is found multiple times throughout the book of Acts and also in the rest of New Testament, thus,
making it an essential element of the church today. In Acts 22:16, Paul is told, "And now what are
you waiting for? Get up, be baptized and wash your sins away, calling on his name." Baptism is the
first step of obedience as a

The Sculpture Bas Relief : Nemesis, Allat And The Dedicator
Introduction
The sculpture Bas–relief: Nemesis, Allat and the dedicator (c.) (figure1) was construction in 2nd or
3rd century AD in the Hejaz peninsula for the pagans to worship and blessings is considered
conventional in its day. The sculpture contains three chief goddesses and daughters of 'Allah'. While
the maker is unknown, the sculptures were imported from the Eastern and the Western worlds. There
was an influence from the western stone sculptures from Europe. Some of the goddesses were also
imported from India. This certain type of goddesses usually belong to the historical period from 2nd
century AD to late 5th century AD or until Muhammad's prophecy(570 AD– 632AD. Currently
these sculptures are located in Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon, France. We will analyse its social–
cultural designation, its material and construction methods, iconography, and functions all contribute
to its conventional label in blessings, worship, and....[3]
Background
The sculpture contains the three chief goddesses named: Al–lat, Al–Manat, and Al–Uzza. In the pre–
Islamic era, the three sculptures were located inside the Kaaba including the other 360 deities
representing the days of the year. There were also various temples to worship these three deities
around the Arabian Peninsula. The Kaaba is located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia and was the center to
pagan deities from the Hejaz peninsula. According to Islamic traditions, 'Allah' ordered the first man
on Earth Adam (date) built the Kaaba, however it

How Did Early Holiness Themes Influence John Wesley?
In what ways did early Holiness themes influence John Wesley?
Important to the Wesleyan–Holiness tradition is understanding Wesley didn't develop the doctrine of
Holiness from a bias, rather the Holiness message was at the heart of the early Christian church
(Leclerc, 2014). Though Wesley's delineation of entire sanctification differs from many early
writers, the idea of Christian perfection has remain alive since the days of the apostles (Bassett &
Greathouse, 1985) In the first five centuries the early writers such as Irenaeus a native of Asia Minor
who became the bishop of Lyons, wrote primarily to refute Gnosticism, yet became most notable for
his elaboration and development of recapitation soteriology, which was later utilized by Wesley
(Leclerc, 2014). Other writers including Clement of Alexandria and Origen were greatly influenced
by the stoics, yet affirmed the Christian perfecting that comes from a life entirely devoted to God.
Further, Clément's contributed greatly to Wesley's understanding of a personal responsibility to one's
own spirituality (Bassett & Greathouse, 1985). Consequently, after the development of holiness in
the early writers, the Post–Nicene period built on the early writers and thinkers and developed
further holiness concepts that eventually formed the thinking of Wesley. The development of
mysticism and asceticism create a quest for personal holiness and devout life fully yielded to God.
Further, authors such as Macarius development

The Qualifications of the Office of Deacon
THE RELATION OF THE 7 IN ACTS 6 TO THE OFFICE OF DEACON
THE QUALIFICATIONS OF THE OFFICE OF DEACON
A Paper Presented to Professor Timothy Moroz
Of
Liberty University
Lynchburg, VA.
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for
The Book of Acts
BIBL 165–B01 LUO
by
Bonnie Andreucci
July 1, 2014
OUTLINE PAGE
1. Introduction a. Thesis statement b. Purpose of this paper 2. Body a. A chosen life, why me, Lord?
b. Qualities of a Deacon c. Ordered by God
3. Conclusion a. Is it worth it?
1.
A deacon, a man, a chosen life and servant of God, yet still human and prone to failure; God has His
intended appointment for His people.
As a church deacon, you must stand for, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I have sat under this same pastor this entire time. He knows me, and he knew my beginnings. He
also needed to know if my wanting to become a deacon was of God or was it to please my dad. After
about two months of questions, fasting and much prayer from both him and me, the office was
offered to me. It isn't something I take lightly. This blessing, and it is a blessing, was given to me to
honor God, support my pastor and this church body, help those in need; and also, so that I may be a

witness for Jesus and His saving grace to all those that I may come in contact with in my lifetime"
(Burris 2014).
Qualities of a Deacon:
Deacons must be reverent, 2. Not given to much wine, 3. Not greedy for money, 4. Must not be
double–tongued, 5. Must have a pure conscience, 6. Be the husband of one wife, 7. They must rule
their children and their households. These are the qualifications God Himself set forth
3.
for this important church office (Willmington 2011).
Ordered by God:
These seven men were chosen so that the apostles could delegate certain responsibilities out to
others; such as the feeding and clothing of the needy, widows, and orphans, so that they would be
able to spend more of their time preaching the word of the Lord and seeking His will in prayer.
Acts 6:5, "And the saying pleased the

Summary Of Paintings: El Castillo Cave In Spain
European cultural and practical ideals
Paintings: El Castillo cave in Spain has the oldest known cave painting of 40,800 years ago. These
western paintings show a continuous disrupted tradition from antiquity. In the early 19th century,
painting was primarily concerned with the classical and representational mode of productions and
later in late 19th century conceptual, abstract, and modern forms became popular. Western painting
developments are historically parallel to those in Eastern painting.
Sculpture: The first European sculpture was of female form and it is estimated to 35000 years of
existence. The monumental sculpture was majorly composition of marble and bronze due to high
value of cast bronze in the 5th century, many pieces of sculpture ... Show more content on
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Facilitation of global circulation of goods was done by royal chartered European monopoly
companies that arts of silver for purchasing Asians goods for Atlantic markets.
The slave trade
The slave trade was done through Sahara desert to the North Africa and it began in the 7th century
AD. Slaves were sourced from all parts of Africa and sold to traders in Morocco, Libya, Egypt, and
to southern Europe. In the 17th century slave trade had expanded and approximately 10,000
enslaved Africans a year was sold from West Africa. The transatlantic slave trade began in 15th
century when the Portuguese started exploring West Africa cost. The arts that existed by then are;
Manillas; It was a bracelet–shaped objects made in Bristol and was used as a form of currency. It
was used by Britolian traders with other goods to purchase enslaved people.
Belts: This was made from cowrie shell, it was mainly used in Congo in West Africa. White cowrie
shells were traded across Indian oceans in Africa by European traders. This shell was used as a sign
of wealth by decoration, as money, and also used to influence the owner. It might have been used as
a medium of exchange for enslaved

Essay about 3.2 world history
Name: Alison Barrett
School: Forest High School
Teacher: Mr. Josvai
Assessment 3.02
Imagine you have just completed a trip through the early kingdoms and city–states of East, Central,
and South Africa. Your family and friends ask you about the trip. Your task is to give them an oral
history of your experience. You may choose to write your account, record it, or make a video.
Remember, your family and friends will share your story and pass it on to future generations, like
oral historians in Africa. Make it fascinating! No one wants to hear a boring story.
PARAGRAPH 1: Explain at least one important political, one social, and one economic feature you
observed in each of the three places you visited. Write, or speak with a natural narrative ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Write, or speak with a natural narrative voice, as if telling a story to a friend. Use complete
sentences to express your ideas, and make sure that your explanations are thorough by providing
details from the lesson. At least five complete sentences.
Axum
On my second day, I have visited Axum, in Eastern Africa. A place that in the first century CE,
became the wealthiest, most influential market city on the coast of Ethiopia, it finally became a
kingdom in the third century CE. I also learned from the locals there that in fourth century CE,
missionaries had introduced Christianity to the city of Axum and King Ezana became the first
known Christian king in all of Africa, and finally in seventh century CE, Axum has come to a close
end. Arabs eventually came and conquered Adulis and cut off Axum's Red Sea trade route. Also,
Axum became successful by trading gold, glass, ivory, metal and agricultural gods with African,
Mediterranean and Asia trade networks, along with the Roman Empire, Egypt, Arabia and India.
PARAGRAPH 3: Explain at least one important political, one social, and one economic feature you
observed in each of the three places you visited. Write, or speak with a natural narrative voice, as if
telling a story to a friend. Use complete sentences to express your ideas, and make sure that your
explanations are thorough by providing details from the

Liner Shipping: Strategy, Strategy And Strategy
What is strategy?
Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long–term which achieves advantage
for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet
the needs of markets. A strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve a specific goal or series of
goals within an organizational framework.
Shipping
A shipping service is a business of transporting commodities, merchandise goods and cargo aboard
or transportation of goods through sea.
Liner Shipping
Liner vessels operate on fixed routes, to fixed schedules and usually with a standard tariff. Liner
trades are dominated by container ships, roll–on/roll–off carriers and general cargo ships. These are
the ships with predefined routes and schedules and these services are used by those customers who
have small volumes of cargo that does not require charter service. General Liner ships are used by
the companies that transport goods like electronic goods, gadgets, toys etc. ... Show more content on
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Generally these services are used when the customer has large cargo volumes, if necessary vessel
can be transmitted such as food grains, chemicals, petroleum etc. Generally these ships have
capacities of ranging from 5,000 to 500,000 m tonnes.
A brief history of maritime transport
The history of the maritime industry stretches back thousands of years to the time of the first

Pizz A Popular Food Eaten By Many People
Pizza, a globally popular food eaten by many people in different countries throughout the world.
Usually known for its circular shape, made out of dough, tomato sauce, and the variety of toppings
added. Pizza has a rich history behind it and plays a role in today 's cuisine and culture and
developed throughout the centuries with mentions of pizza as far back to the 6th century B.C and to
1st century A.D, but not mentioned again until the 16th century. However, pizza was food for
peasants in the 16th century and was not widespread, popular, and diverse compared to today in the
21st century. The earliest mention of pizza was in 6th century B.C. where soldiers of Darius the
Great (521–486 B.C.) baked a kind of bread flat on their shields and ... Show more content on
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The change in 1522 was the start point in the growth of pizza and what allowed it to become a
global food. However, pizza was not well known because the dish was recently developed and did
not had time to gain popularity with the locals in Naples yet. Only until the 17th century did pizza
achieved a local popularity among visitors to Naples who would went into the poorer sections to
taste the dish made by men called "pizzaioli." Pizza started to gain more popularity, but was not at
the level where it was countrywide because no major figures had took notice of the new dish to
promote it. Pizza managed to be acknowledge by the people of Naples and pizza was sold in the
streets in Naples at breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The popularity got to the point where stalls were set
up where the customers could custom order their pizza to suit what they wanted. The stalls soon
developed into the pizzeria where people can come together to eat, drink, talk, and soon become a
common sight in Naples. How pizza managed to gain widespread demand had to do with major
figures, the figures were Umberto I (1844–1900), King of Italy, and his wife, Queen Margherita di
Savoia (1851–1926). The king and queen on a holiday in Naples "called to their palace the most
popular of the pizzaioli (pizza chef), Raffaele Esposito, to taste his

The Role Of Hierarchy In The Early Church
As the early church expanded some teaching weren't clear that they were the word of God. One of
the teaching is apostolic succession. Hierarchy is a system or organization in which people or groups
are ranked one above the other according to status or authority. Through hierarchy many beliefs
were passed down the ministry by popes and bishops. Many of these belief include the canon,
eucatist,hierarchies and etc. In order to find out what the was really said back then we must go back
to the early church fathers and read their manuscripts. In Matthew 16:19 Jesus says "I will give you
the keys of the kingdom of heaven.Whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and
whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." With this Jesus passes on his teaching ...
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From the book of Isaiah 22:22 "Then I will set the key of the house of David on his shoulder, When
he opens no one will shut, When he shuts no one will open.". The house of David represents the
church in which Jesus gives the key to Peter and with them never his doors close for anyone.
Therefore Peter is the first to have authority over the church. Peter is also head of the church is in
Matthew 16:19 "I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven.Whatever you bind on earth will
be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." Meaning that Peter
does just hold the keys of the the physical Church but also the spiritual one. Therefore Peter is the
first out of the twelve to receive spiritual authority over the Church. Even so in Matthew 16:18 Jesus
says that "And I tell you that you are Peter,and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of
Hades will not prevail against it." Meaning that peter is the source of all the churches knowledge
since he is the foundation that the Church will grow from. With this we a can now say that Peter is
the head of the

Ministries Of The Church From A Biblical Standpoint
Ministries in the Church From a Biblical Standpoint
Eston Racey
THEO 202–001
March 10, 2017 The topic discussed in this paper is the doctrine of the ministries of the church. This
doctrine informs of the different services and resources performed or distributed by the church.
Whether being the church as a whole or on the local level of the community and the world. This
topic, though it may seem relatively simple on the surface, is very important. There are many
different interpretations and practices of how the church should or should not perform ministry. A
clear understanding of the surrounding people and culture, as well as biblical truth is required or
chaos and disunity will be the outcome. To begin a theological ... Show more content on
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This means that along with the leaders of the church being required to minister, but all believers in
Christ as well. This is seen clearly in Mathew 28:19–20, as Jesus is addressing His followers
instructing them to go out into the world and make disciples of Him. This command was not just in
regard's to the original twelve disciples but a command for all believers to come. Ministry has no
perfect formula or model that all churches or believers should follow. 1 Corinthians 12:4–6 in short
says, that their is one true God who has given everyone different abilities, gifts, and purposes. These
things allow each person to minister in different ways and spread His Word. So in essence not only
is everyone called to minister and share the gospel, but also everyone will share biblical truth in the
way God intend them to. Believers must allow God to work through them and take hold of the
unique traits He has gifted to each individual, so that His Word may be spread.
Throughout the different periods in church history: The Ancient Church (100 AD–590 AD), The
Medieval Church (590–1570 AD), The Reformation and Counter Reformation (1570–1648AD) and
The Modern Church (1648–present), the church has developed many different ways of interpreting
what scripture said and how to apply it to church ministry. The Ancient Church (100–590 AD),
refers to the era directly after Jesus' crucifixion and ascension into Heaven. This time period was the
beginning of the first church and only

Influence of the Roman Theater on Cicero’s Oration Pro...
Influence of the Roman Theater on Cicero's Oration Pro Caelia By
Cicero's oration in defense of M. Caelius Rufus shows many substantive and stylistic borrowings
from the Roman Theater, particularly the comedies of the 2nd century b.c.e. This would scarcely
seem remarkable to Cicero, to employ such devices is only to make use of the tools of his trade, as a
practical and practicing rhetorician. In this case using the theater as a framing device to guide his
audience's response.
So too would the judgments and emotions existing in the cultural reservoir of Greco–Roman, or
Attic–Latin stage have met his division of purpose as he considered the permanent written speech,
he would set down in the wake of the trial, however it was decided. ... Show more content on
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Cicero, by example of his own life takes a broad inclusive approach to Oratory. In a earlier
statement we encounter words which probably reflect his own view closely: But the fact of the
matter is that oratory is a much more considerable activity and depends on a far wider range of
different arts and branches of study, than people imagine (Cicero, Orator I 4,16).Particularly Cicero
seems interested in holding on to the orator's special sphere – the third branch of Philosophy life and
behavior of human beings which is to say, human nature (Cicero, Orator I 15, 69).
We hear of the orator's special strength – to rouse men's hearts to anger, hatred, and indignation
(Cicero, Orator I 12,53), a not dissimilar goal to that of the dramatist. We find that a speaker's job is
to ensure that the feelings of his audience are affected just the way he wants them to be (19, 87). His
Five Tasks of the orator (and to keep within the dignity of the theme) (Cicero, Orator I 38, 142–44)
given in a following paragraph, are suitable instructions for any playwright or actor. Even at the
beginning of On the Orator Cicero has one of his characters observe approvingly of the benefits to
be gained from the less serious art on regulation of expression, voice and movement of body. Cicero
has his character Antonius make an observation that the chief distinction between an actor speaking
and an orator is that the actor has more leeway. He is excused if he has

History of Science & Technology in Indian Subcontinent
History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent * Outline of South Asian history *
History of Indian subcontinent | Stone age (7000–3000 BC)[show] * Mehrgarh Culture (7000–3300
BC) | Bronze age (3000–1300 BC)[show] * Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1700 BC) * – Early
Harappan Culture (3300–2600 BC) * – Mature Harappan Culture (2600–1900 BC) * – Late
Harappan Culture (1700–1300 BC) * Ochre Coloured Pottery culture (from 2000 BC) * Swat
culture (1600–500 BC) | Iron age (1200–26 BC)[show] * Vedic period (2000–500 BC) * – Black
and Red ware culture (1300–1000 BC) * – Painted Grey Ware culture (1200–600 BC) * – Northern
Black Polished Ware (700–200 BC) * – Maha Janapadas (700–300 BC) * – ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The British colonial rule introduced some elements of western education in India. Following
independence science and technology in the Republic of India has included automobile engineering,
information technology, communications as well as space, polar, and nuclear sciences.

The Cult Of Mithras And The Roman Empire
We may think that that cult origin by the fact that was taken from relevant scholars, but the early
development has remained consistently disputed. The Cult of Mithras began in the first century and
it was invented by the Roman Empire. When we think about the first century AD, Christianity is
almost very invisible during this time. The cult of Mithras' development is mysterious. This religion
is invented by the Italians. Mithras provides members with sense of salvation if they proceed
through the seven stages of initiation, because the important aspect of the cult is that they must be
successful, and have spiritual bonding with their gods. If they do not success, they will face some
consequences, but members who follow this path will be rewarded and be offered compensation. In
addition, archaeological findings show that the Cult of Mithras does stay the same from the
beginning of first century to the end of fourth century AD. Archaeological evidence of the cult only
depends on the materials that existed during Roman Empire. One of the most important types of
evidence that the archaeological record shows is the nature and form of where these men worship, 'a
Mithraeum'. Much of this worship buildings can be found in parts of Europe and they are mostly
underground in a cave and are constructed below an existing building. The first Mithraea and
written first appear at the same point in time, and clearly form part of the same cult even though
they are found in geographically

Similarities And Differences Between Ancient And...
There are subtle stylistic differences that occur in the Piombino Apollo that make it more advanced
than the archaic kouros, which lead many scholars to distinguish this statue as Hellenistic rather than
Archaic. The modelling of the back is one of the biggest alterations that occurs between actual
kouros from the archaic period and the Piombino Apollo. The back of the statue is much more
artistically advanced than the front regarding modelling (Ridgway 1967: 48). The subtle modelling
of the muscular structures and ridges of the spine of the back suggest the desired realism of the
Hellenistic era, instead of the basic and ridged 'idealized' form found in the archaic period (Ridgway
1967: 48). More subtle differences between a true archaic sculpture and a retrograded Hellenistic
sculpture are also present in this statue in other areas, such as the feet. On most kouros, the feet are
high arched, but on the Piombino Apollo, they are small and flat (Ridgway 1967: 49). Also the toes
are a discrepancy between the two eras. Usually "archaic statues have [the toes] aligned with the
central part of the other foot" (Ridgway 1967: 49) in a very geometric fashion. However, the toes on
the right foot of the Apollo do not align with the middle of the left foot, and instead align with the
left heel (Ridgway 1967: 49). As stated earlier, the hair is a defining feature in archaic kouros and it
is typically flat and in a bulky beaded shape to best attempt to represent the different

Kenyan Coast Of East Africa
Abstract
Around 2000 BC, Cushitic–speaking people from northern Africa settled in the part of East Africa
that is now Kenya. By the 1st Century AD, the Kenyan coast was frequented by Arab traders, who
due to Kenya 's proximity to the Arabian Peninsula, established Arab and Persian colonies there. The
Nilotic and Bantu people also moved into the region during the first millennium AD. and settled
inland
Kenya straddles the Equator, and is located on the eastern coast of Africa. Roughly one and half
times the size of Japan, it covers a surface area of about 586,600 square kilometers. It is bordered by
Somalia to the east, Ethiopia and Sudan to the north, Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south.
Kenya has a single time zone, GMT +3. Kenya, is a Country in East Africa famed for it 's scenic
landscapes and vast wildlife preserves. It 's Indian Ocean coast provided historically important parts
by which goods from Arabian and Asian traders have entered the continent for many centuries.
Muslim Swahili cities such as Mombasa a historic center that has contributed much to the musical
and culinary heritage of the country. Inland are populous Highlands farmed for borth their tea
plantations, an economic staple during the British colonial era. Their variety of animal species,
including lions, elephants, cheetahs, rhinoceroses and hippopotamuses. Kenya 's western provinces,
marked by lakes and rivers while a small portion of the north is descent wildlife and panoramic
geography

Women and the 1st Century Jesus Movement Essay
There are no known writings that chronicle the life of Jesus or his teachings during his lifetime;
rather there is an accumulation of written sources that arose decades after his death (Seat 8/25).
Originally, Jesus' teachings were passed down orally, but eventually, Christians began to write down
the oral traditions decades later after his death, specifically after the destruction of the Jewish
Temple in 70CE (Seat 8/25). As a result, it is important to note that there is a time discrepancy. Jesus
died in 30 CE, but it was not until 70CE that Christians began to write down his teachings;
therefore, this time difference has led to different interpretations of his teachings (Seat 9/1). As
highlighted by Barbara MacHaffe it is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These women "followed him, and ministered to him" in Galilee (NRSV, Mark 15: 40–41). Thurston
explains that "'to follow' is a technical term for discipleship throughout the Gospel" and she also
explains that "ministered" is best translated to "provided" or "served" (Thurston 69). Therefore,
Jesus' male disciples followed him and were expected to minister, actions which were also carried
out by the women as depicted in the Gospel of Mark (i.e. Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of
James and Joses, etc). From this explanation, one can conclude that women in the 1st century Jesus
movement assisted Jesus in his mission to spread Christianity.
It is also important to note, that the women in the Gospel of Mark, unlike Jesus' male disciples,
understand Jesus' significance. For instance, in Mark 14:3–9, an anonymous woman anoints Jesus'
head with an expensive oil, and in response the people at the dinner table criticize her action. In this
case, Thurston contends that the anointment foreshadows Jesus' death and that more importantly the
anonymous woman comprehends that Jesus is the "crucified Messiah" (Thurston 75). This
demonstrates that women in the 1st century Jesus movement understood who Jesus was, which
explains why they displayed unyielding faith. The males on the other hand are

The Role of Rituals in Human Interaction and Society

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