The document discusses the shift from perimeter-based security models to zero trust security in modern IT infrastructure, emphasizing the need for enhanced security measures due to evolving threats and changes in technology such as cloud adoption and remote work. It outlines key principles of zero trust, including 'never trust, always verify,' and highlights benefits such as improved security posture, compliance, and flexibility. The document also details implementation strategies, methodologies, and expected outcomes of adopting a zero trust security model.

1. ZERO TRUST SECURITY
IN MODERN IT
INFRASTRUCTURE

2. GROUP 2
ISSAHAKU KUWERE JALILU 2323070030
YRAM AGBEMADE AHLIJAH 2323070006
ABDUL NASIR UMAR 2323070002
WAKANCHIE ALHASSAN RASHDA 23123070043
GIFTY GYIELEG

3. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Background of the Study
Justification
Objectives
Expected outputs and outcomes
Methodology
References
3

4. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2020). Special
Publication 800-207: Zero Trust Architecture
The concept of IT security has evolved significantly over the past few decades.
Traditionally, organizations relied on a perimeter-based security model, often referred to
as the "castle-and-moat" approach.
This model assumed that everything inside the corporate network was trustworthy, while
external traffic was treated with suspicion.
However, the modern IT landscape has changed dramatically:
• Cloud adoption: Organizations are increasingly moving their data and applications to
the cloud, blurring the lines of the traditional network perimeter.

5. • Remote work: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the trend of
remote work, requiring secure access to corporate resources from
various locations and devices.
• IoT and BYOD: The spread of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and
Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policies has expanded the attack
surface.
• Sophisticated threats: Cyber attacks have become more advanced,
with attackers using techniques like social engineering, lateral
movement, and advanced persistent threats (APTs).
• These changes have exposed the limitations of the perimeter-based
security model, necessitating a new approach to cybersecurity.
5

6. JUSTIFICATION
6
According to Gartner. (2022). Market Guide for Zero Trust Network
Access.
The need for a Zero Trust security model is justified by several
factors:
a) Increasing sophistication of cyber attacks:
- Attackers are using AI and machine learning to automate and
improve their techniques.
- Phishing and social engineering attacks have become more
targeted and convincing.
- Supply chain attacks, like the SolarWinds incident, have shown
that even trusted vendors can be compromised.

7. 7
b) Limitations of legacy security approaches:
- VPNs and firewalls alone are no longer sufficient to protect modern, distributed
networks.
- Once perimeter defenses are breached, attackers can move freely within the
network.
- Static security rules struggle to keep up with the dynamic nature of cloud
environments.
c) Regulatory compliance:
- Regulations like GDPR, CCPA, and industry-specific standards require more stringent
data protection measures.
- Zero Trust principles align well with many compliance requirements.
d) Cost-effectiveness:
- While initial implementation may require investment, Zero Trust can reduce long-
term security costs by minimizing the impact of breaches.

8. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
8
The primary objectives of implementing a Zero Trust security
model are:
a) Define Zero Trust security principles:
- "Never trust, always verify" as the core principle
- Least privilege access
- Microsegmentation
- Continuous monitoring and validation

9. 9
b) Outline implementation strategies:
- Identity-centric security
- Network segmentation
- Data-centric security
- Device trust
- Workload security

10. 10
c) Demonstrate benefits for organizations:
- Improved security posture
- Enhanced visibility into network traffic and user behavior
- Greater flexibility for cloud adoption and remote work
- Simplified compliance with regulatory requirements

11. EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND
OUTCOMES
Implementing a Zero Trust security model is expected to yield
the following results:
a) Enhanced security posture:
- Reduced attack surface
- Faster detection and response to threats
- Minimized impact of breaches
11

12. 12
b) Reduced risk of data breaches:
- Better control over data access and movement
- Improved ability to detect and prevent unauthorized access
c) Improved compliance with regulations:
- Easier demonstration of data protection measures
- More granular access controls and audit trails

13. 13
d) Increased flexibility for remote work and cloud adoption:
- Secure access to resources regardless of user location
- Consistent security policies across on-premises and cloud environments
e) Better user experience:
- Seamless access to necessary resources
- Reduced friction for legitimate users

14. METHODOLOGY
Implementing a Zero Trust security model involves several key
steps:
a) Assessment of current security infrastructure:
- Identify existing security tools and processes
- Map data flows and access patterns
- Determine gaps in current security posture
14

15. 15
b) Implementation of identity and access management (IAM)
solutions:
- Deploy multi-factor authentication (MFA)
- Implement Single Sign-On (SSO)
- Adopt adaptive authentication based on risk factors
c) Microsegmentation of networks:
- Divide the network into small, isolated segments
- Apply granular security policies to each segment
- Use software-defined networking (SDN) for dynamic
segmentation

16. 16
d) Continuous monitoring and verification:
- Implement real-time monitoring of user and device behavior
- Use AI and machine learning for anomaly detection
- Regularly reassess and adjust access privileges
e) Data protection:
- Classify and label sensitive data
- Implement encryption for data at rest and in transit
- Use data loss prevention (DLP) tools

17. 17
f) Device trust:
- Implement endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions
- Enforce device health checks before granting access
- Use mobile device management (MDM) for BYOD scenarios
g) Employee training and awareness programs:
- Educate employees about Zero Trust principles
- Conduct regular security awareness training
- Perform simulated phishing exercises

18. REFERENCES
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2020). Special Publication
800-207: Zero Trust Architecture.
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-207.pdf
- Forrester Research. (2021). The Zero Trust eXtended (ZTX) Ecosystem.
https://www.forrester.com/report/the-zero-trust-extended-ztx-ecosystem/RES137452
- Gartner. (2022). Market Guide for Zero Trust Network Access.
https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/4010047
18

19. 19
- Kindervag, J. (2010). No More Chewy Centers: Introducing The Zero Trust Model
Of Information Security. Forrester Research.
- Rose, S., Borchert, O., Mitchell, S., & Connelly, S. (2020). Zero Trust Architecture.
NIST Special Publication 800-207.
This detailed presentation provides a comprehensive overview of Zero Trust
security, its importance in modern IT infrastructure, and strategies for
implementation. Would you like me to elaborate on any specific aspect of this
presentation?

20. THANK YOU