The Importance Of Carcinogens

The Importance Of Carcinogens
Carcinogens
Did you know that your daily actions are one of the many causes of cancer to others, and can cause you to have cancer yourself? Humans make
changes to the environment every day. Many of these changes produce or use carcinogens. Carcinogens is a substance said to have the potential to
cause cancer. Information found from "Environmental Cancer Risks" by all different kinds of opposing views. Some believe that the exposure to
carcinogens are based on people's lifestyle and choice of consumption. Carcinogens are everywhere in any environment because it's in the polluted air
and it's used in pesticides used to grow our food that we eat everyday. One of the environmental changes that can cause cancer that we make on a daily
basis is polluting the air. From industrial factories being used to manufacture and our commutes to work and home. "The human body can be exposed to
carcinogens in the environment through many everyday situations and processes, such as breathing polluted air,..." (pg. One of "Environmental Cancer
Risks." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection). Carcinogens are exposed to the human body through the polluted air and our daily environmental
changes just contribute to our exposure to this risk factor for cancer. As we continue to add more to our already polluted air through the use of
factories and automobiles, we are in turn raising our risk of developing cancer because we breath in the polluted air. We are exposed to these elements
through our
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What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Bioremediation?
Abstract:
Bioremediation is the technology which is used to clean up the environmental pollutants. Bioremediation can be introduced as an efficient and cost
effective method for the cleanup of contaminated waste water. Waste water contains heavy metals like Cadmium,Chromium, Nickel, Lead,
Selenium,Arsenic, and Zinc.These metals are poisonous to the human body system. These metals can be removed using this technique. Currently
microorganisms are widely used in Bioremediation process, generally in waste water treatments. Microorganisms are used for bioremediation process
because they synthesize enzymes to use environmental contaminations as foods. Also microorganisms are very small so they are able to contact
contaminations easily.Microbial bioremediation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Disadvantages of Bioremediation Bioremediation will produce high mobile toxic bi products by breaking down the organic contaminants ,if the
process is controlled .The toxicity level and the environmental conditions in the ground are sensitive to bioremediation e.g.–these conditions are useful
for microbial activities ,by considering the factors like temperature , alkalinity ,pH
It is advised that field monitoring to break the rate of biodegradation of organic contaminants. It will be difficult to control the volatile organic
compounds (VOC s), if the process is used in an ex–situ condition. This treatment time is longer than other remediation technologies. Only the
biodegradable compounds are used to treat effectively in the range of contaminants. Leaves residual levels that can be highly toxic and persistent
.because there is not defined level of "clean site" it is difficult for the performance evaluations. So they have performance criteria regulations.
.Conclusion:
Bio remediation is a low cost, less hardworking, massively applicable process that is able to remove toxic and unnecessary chemicals, organisms from
the environment for the benefit of mankind. This is applicable for the use of both animals and plants. But, it's main advantage is for human. Also, there
is a need of having a short treatment time to reduce

ACCT356 Essay
Accounting 356v7
Assignment 3
Prepare your answers in a single file.
Question
Marks
Concept Covered
1
30
Not–for–Profit Accounting
2
15
Customer Profitability
3
15

Sales Variances
4
20
Project Costing and Risk
5
10
BSC for Not–for–Profits
6
5
Customer Profitability Analysis
7
5
Risk Management
Total Marks
100
Question 1: Not–for–profit Accounting (30 marks) City Youth Services (adapted from CMA Entrance Exam Syllabus 2006)
City Youth Services (CYS) is a not–for–profit organization established to provide counselling and other services to children under the age of 18. It
concentrates on troubled ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
is a new company that designs and manufactures custom dresses. Alana's Dresses currently has six customers that are identified by customer numbers

A, B, C, D, E, and F. Besides the costs of making the dresses, the company has the following activities:
п‚·Customer orders. The salespeople, designer, and dressmakers spend time with the customer. Thecost driver rate is $40 per hour of time spent with a
customer.
п‚·Customer fittings. The customer will come for a custom fitting of their dress before the final sewing takes place to ensure the proper fit. Cost driver
rate is $25 per hour of fitting time.
п‚·Rush orders. Some customers need their dresses quickly. Customers are charged a $25 fee for a rush order. The cost driver rate for a rush order is
$100 per rush order.
п‚·Number of customer return visits. Customer may return the dresses up to 30 days after picking up the dress to have it refitted or repaired at no
extra charge. Normally a refit or repair will take a seamstress 2 hours to complete. The cost driver rate is $30 per hour of the seamstress's time.
Information about the six customers follows. Some customers purchased multiple items. The cost of the dress is 70% of the selling price.
Customer A B C D E F Sales Revenue $600 $4200 $300 $2500 $4900 $700
Hours spent on customer order 2 7 1 5 20 3

Chemical And Biological Properties Of Soil Pollution
It is always difficult to remove contaminations from soils because it contains many toxic chemicals such as (Pb, As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg and Zn). This
chemicals mixed with the soil after burning of industrial waste, electronics waste or uses of agricultural technology. Then rain water makes it seep deep
into the soil and cause soil pollution. This makes it so difficult and time consuming to remove, particularly when the affected area is on a large scale.
Soil is made of by two components which are organic and inorganic solid constituent, water and mixture of different gasses present in various
proportions. The mineral component in the soil varies, according to the parent material which the soils had been developed due to the issue of different
type of climate conditions. Also, soil can also be classified into three different properties, physical, chemical and biological properties. Physical
properties of soil are being controlled by soil water movement, such as texture and soil structures. The soil moisture have high tendency in controlling
solute movement, salt solubility, chemical reaction and microbiological activities and most importantly the bioavailability of metal ions. In this
situation, a successful phytoremediation program must be considered as an alternative in the specific site. In the past lots of researchers have tried
different method in order to mitigate or reclaim the heavy metals polluted soils, but so far phytoremediation is the best of all because it is

Paul J Hillof BusinessM11 SchoolRichardSchool of Essay
Paul J. Hill of Business
M–.11 School
Richard
School of Business
The University of Western Ontario
IVEY
9B12M032
PHASE SEPARATION SOLUTIONS (PS2): THE CHINA QUESTION
George Z. Peng and Paul W. Beamish wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either
effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect
confidentiality.
Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation prohibits any form of reproduction. storage or transmission without its written permission. Reproduction
of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies
or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2005, after securing an investment of $3 million from Golden Opportunities Fund Inc. 3 in the form of senior secured debentures, the company
constructed a fixed soil reclamation facility in Wolseley,
Saskatchewan. This facility was capable of treating a wide variety of soil contaminated with POPs, industrial sludge and waste pharmaceuticals. The
location was chosen so that PS2 could target the markets in both Eastern and Western Canada, and in the United States. The facility, which had a
capacity of 20,000 tons per year, was permitted to treat a wide variety of pollutants. It was one of only three fixed facilities in
Canada permitted to treat PCB and dioxinifuran–impacted soil. In late 2005, the facility became operational and started generating revenue. It was fully
commissioned in early 2006.

PS2 generated revenue by securing service "contracts" for the treatment of contaminated soil or on a "feeВ for–service basis," wherein small quantities
of contaminated soil were accepted from customers. Its eustomer base comprised environmental service companies, utility companies and general
industry. The number and size of contracts obtained each year for contaminated soil varied and depended on the funding that customers had budgeted
for remedial projects.
PS2 went public in 2007 through a reverse merger with West Mountain Capital Corporation (WMT), a
capital pool company (see more information in a later section). The reverse merger brought PS2 to an
advanced level of

Soil Contamination Research Paper
There are many sources of contamination from oil and gas production wells. Production wells are used to extract oil and natural gas from deep rock
formations. To drill a well, a bit is drilled into the deep rock formations that contain natural gas and oil. As the bit is lowered, fluid and mud that
contain chemical additives, is shot down with it to keep it cool. Rock debris, known as cuttings, are created and pulled up along with fluids to the
surface. At the surface they are flared. Air contamination comes from exhaust fumes from the equipment as well as venting and flaring ofnatural gas.
Soil contamination comes from on–site storage pits holding onto cuttings/mud. Sludge pits can leach out and cause water contamination nearby.
Hydraulic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When it is removed is contains some volatile hydrocarbons that are sent through pipes or trucked to disposal ponds and underground injection wells.
Sometimes, this produced water is discharged onto land or into surface waters. Storage in open pits allow for hydrocarbons to escape into the air.
Shallow water pumping can cause migration of contaminants from soil to air. Engines of the water pumps also create exhaust. Produced water
contains salts, metals, and hydrocarbons that contaminate soil when spilled or stored in earthen pits. Spills, pipeline breaks, leaky storage ponds, and
injected water movement produce contaminated waters. Separation and Dehydration is another stage of oil and gas production wells. Gas must be
separated from heavier hydrocarbons like oil and natural gas liquids. Dehydrators remove the water from the harvested gas. These processes occur at
well sites, compressor stations, gas processing plants, and oil storage sites. Air can be contaminated from high amounts of vented methane and volatile
organic compounds from dehydrators and separators. Wastewater storage tanks can leak and contaminate soil. Wastewater storage can leak and
contaminate surface and

Low Probability Of Soil Contamination
a) Need to find if there is any place within the project site where there is a high probability of soil contamination (maybe next to bins?). The old
paints manufactured in 1980s will be having more lead in it. If lead mixed paints are used after few years the paint will peels off. It can happen due
to some manual activities too like stripping, sand blasting and scrubbing on it. Lead paint had not been used on the outside of the site or the places
nearer to the site. Otherwise the peeled off paint will be contaminating the soil there (Raymond et al, 2011). Whether pressure treated wood was used to
build the structures of the site? Then the site will be having lot of soil contamination (Panagos et all, 2013). Pesticide chemicals should... Show more
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If there is a presence of gas stations, fuel tanks nearby to the site then there will be a definite chance of petroleum leaks and that will contaminate the
soil there (Panagos et all , 2013). If there is any automobile industries and machine repair shops nearby then Petroleum products , PAHs,
trichloroethylene, rubber products, metals like chromium , lead , molybdenum and used batteries will be dumped to the soil and the soil will be
contaminated due to that. If there is any garbage dumping stations then the chemical dumps and electronic dumps will contaminate the soil (DR
Baldwin et al, 1999). b) Is there any chance that the selected options can contribute to soil contamination (through infiltration)? Yes. Almost all the
above types will cause soil contamination. Concentration of the lead in the soil is one form of contamination that leads to many forms of
contamination. Pesticides are chemicals. These chemicals are used as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and all types of poisons like rodent poisons
(S.C.Reed et al, 1995). Lot of researches are showing that the commercial and industrial activities that involves chemicals causes contamination. High
traffic areas are getting contaminated mainly due to emitted gas from the vehicles (P.H.Raven et al, 1998). Pressure treated wood are used to form
decks, swing sets, play spaces. Arsenic, especially chromatic copper arsenate or CCA is used

Chromium Contaminants
Introduction
Contamination of the ecosystem by non–regulated emerging contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticide residue and organic compounds is a human
and environmental health concern (Kabata–Pendias, 2010; Choppala et al., 2013). Several of these inorganic and organic compounds are not efficiently
removed through wastewater treatment. Soil and water resources contaminated by heavy metals are a growing problem in various locations around the
world. Even though at trace levels several elements are natural components of soils, anthropogenic activities such as mining, industry, and localized
agriculture have contributed to undesirable toxic levels in the ecosystem (Meers et al., 2005; Lewandowski and Schmidt, 2006). Many contaminants ...
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Its atomic number of 24, ionic radius 124.9 pm, atomic weight of 51.996 g mol–1, and an electronic configuration [Ar] 3d5 4s1. Out of its
twenty–eight known isotopes, four stable isotopes are found in nature: Cr50, Cr52, Cr53, and Cr54. All other chromium isotopes are radioactive; the
most common stable of radioactive chromium isotopes is Cr51. It has half–life of 27.8 days. Chromium metal is gray and brittle and can be highly
polished (McGrath and Smith, 1995; Choppala et al., 2013). Chromium has different valence states ranging from Cr (0) to Cr (VI) with different
stability; most common oxidation numbers (0) (elemental), (III) and (VI). The trivalent and hexavalent states are the most stable and the most
important forms in the environment (Nieboer and Jusys, 1988; Katz and Salem, 1994). The classified chemical species of chromium in the
environment and their occurrences in nature are listed in Table 1. Chromium occurs mostly in the Cr (III) and Cr (VI) oxidation states (Rai et al.,
1989; Palmer and Wittbrodt, 1991; Zayed and Terry, 2003). The intermediate states of Cr (IV) and Cr (V) are metastable and are rarely encountered in
soil (Choppala et al.,

Soil Pollution Involving The Accumulation Of Excess Heavy...
Soil pollution involving the accumulation of excess heavy metals is toxic to humans and other mammalian life.1 The effect on animals can
ac–cumulate in the food chains and instigate public health concerns in the future. Normally, the exposure due to food chain transfer is chronic,
however, there are rare acute cases where direct ingestion of such pollutants is poisonous.2 Given the importance of the situation, the determination of
toxic heavy metals in the environment is essential.
The primary source of soil pollution can be at–tributed to the history of industrial/commercial activi–ties in certain areas.4 We have chosen to analyze
the soil at Northwestern University to highlight human factors and contributions to this pollution. Given the history of the Northwestern, there are
many areas of the campus that differ in properties such as the age of buildings, the proximity to bodies of water, areas of construction, and high
traffic. For use in our study, the campus was divided into areas A, B, C, D, E, & F (Figure 1). Since Northwestern has been regularly undergoing
construction in the past century, we pre–dicted that the areas with older buildings would have different metal concentrations when compared with areas
with more recent architecture. Due to the use of lead–based paint in old construction, we expect that there should be a higher concentration of metals
such as lead found near older buildings such as University Hall or Locy Hall in area E in comparison to area F with

Analysis Of Sand Production Control And Mitigation
List of Figures Figure 1: Sand Production Process Chain.....................................................................6 Figure 2: Bio–stimulation Process
Chain........................................................................9 Figure 3: Bio–augmentation.......................................................................................10 Figure 4:
Microbes Reaction description.......................................................................13 Figure 5: Microbial
Degradation..................................................................................14 http://www.hindawi.com/journals/btri/2011/941810/fig2/ Figure 6: Hydro
clone.....................................................................................................................15 http://www.netafimusa.com/files/literature/agriculture/filters
/hydrman–hydrocyclone–manual.pdf Figure 7: Water washing cycle....................................................................................16 List of Tables Table 1:
Mitigation and Treatment Discussion...............................................................19 Executive Summary Sand Production control and mitigation is an
industry–wide problem and having limited knowledge about dealing with sand production mitigation works to the disadvantage of any industrial entity.
This report clearly outlines sand production mitigation techniques and more importantly one treatment technique and one mitigation technique. Using a
compare contrast setting key features of these techniques are explored with the intent of informing and bringing to the fore front two major entities that
must be taken into consideration' The environment and cost. This report shows how natural based processes are more economically feasible and more
suited for the environment. Chapter 1 – Introduction 1.1 Problem statement Sand and solid

Essay On Contamination Of Soil
According to the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) [28], the contamination of soil by PAHs is widespread in Canada due to
the near ubiquitous nature of its major sources: namely, the release of various petroleum hydrocarbon or coal–derived products and the production of
PAHs through a variety of combustion processes or types such as vehicle exhaust or a wide variety of industrial processes. Crude oil and refined
product spills commonly found at oil and gas well sites are the major overall source of thermodynamically–favoured (petrogenic) PAHs to soils and
sediments, especially in urbanized and industrialized areas of Canada [15]. Naphthalene, fluorene, chrysene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are particularly
common PAHs in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 1 shows a conceptual model of some common fate and pathways of PAHs. Once in the environment, some PAHs reach groundwater and fresh
and marine surface water by leaching through soil and by surface run–off. Others have shown to exhibit detrimental effects on wildlife and
bioaccumulate through food chains resulting in high concentrations in top predators e.g. man [20]. In most cases, however, the accumulation of PAHs
is mainly in the soil whilst the air acts as their primary transport vector [21]. The various transport paths through air, including air–to–soil and
soil–to–air are thus key processes in the environmental pathways of PAHs, on both a regional and global scale. Air–to–soil transport occurs primarily
through the deposition of aerosols via gravitational effects, wet deposition, and adsorption to soil constituents [22]. According to [23], wind currents,
storms and low–pressure systems contribute to the transport of PAHs from their original source of pollution, such as urban regions, to urban peripheries,
rural regions, open seas and semi–rural areas. In Canada, the transport of PAHs is also reported to occur across open plateaus, such as in the flat
regions at the Canadian border [24].
PAHs are relatively hydrophobic organic substances

Soil Contamination In The United States
The American consumer market is twenty nine per cent of world market aside from the basic essentials we need to sustain life. We need to breathe, eat
and drink water but we consume a large amount of other resources and services that eventually contaminate the soil we live on. There are so many new
inventions and with everyone trying to have the next best thing that allows us to pollute more and waste more into the soil. In this paper I will focus on:
What is soil contamination, the type of toxins found in soil contaminated areas and solutions on how to lower the chances of soil contamination.
Soil pollution also referred to as soil contamination occurs when degradation or destruction of the earth's surface and soil occurs directly or indirectly
as a result of human activities. As Americans we tend to abuse the use of things such as cars for driving, books, paper, and computers without the
knowledge of where it will end up. According to the food and Agriculture Organization approximately 40 percent of food in the U.S. goes to waste.
After the garbage man has taken the materials, it ends up in a huge or small landfill waiting to be emerged into the soil. The average person generates ...
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It is also important that we understand how much of our waste that can be reused or recycled which a better way to be efficient and helpful to our
earth is. There are ways in which a person could lower the risk of soil contamination. Buying biodegradable products and store all liquid chemicals and
waste in spill–proof containers. People could also eat organic foods that are grown without pesticides and lastly simply stop the use of pesticides if they
can. Pesticides are very toxic substances that can be harmful to human health and animals in the environment it also harms the

The Environment And Environmental Pollution
The environment molds plant and animal life, but over the past century humans have been able to alter the environment. This change caused problems
to the earth pollution to the earth, air, and water sources. Pollution extends to the animals, vegetation, and humans as well. These damages are mostly
irreversible, and continue at a rapid pace. Pesticides are a large factor in this pollution. The earth can adjust to these chemicals, but not fast enough.
Every year 500 new synthetic chemicals are introduced. Continuing to use these chemicals can be harmful to the future generations. The public is not
informed about the consequences of these chemicals, and must find out on their own. All humans will come in contact with these chemicals. Chemical
residues are everywhere: water sources, soil, and humans. The production began during World War II, and is rapidly increasing. DDT, an organic
phosphorus insecticide, once thought to be harmless and used to help with lice during WWII, is now known to be harmful. Other pesticides can cause
harmful health problems. The body can naturally protect against these chemicals but repeated doses weaken the body. Though many of these chemicals
have been banned in other countries because of the hazards the United States continue to have no restrictions. Water has become the most precious
natural resource, but the water source is becoming heavily polluted. The water is affected indirectly, but the water continues to be contaminated.
Drinking water

The Effects Of Arsenic Contamination On Soil Quality,...
Kerosene contamination affected soil physicochemical properties such as pH, total phosphorus and microbial biomass which are important indicators
for assessing soil quality, fertility and productivity. Findings show that the soil used was a loamy soil and is know to belong to the alfisol series of the
USDA soil taxonomic system of classification (Ibia et al., 2002). The study shows that the higher kerosene contamination levels, significantly delayed
emergence and inhibited the germination of some seeds. The poor emergence obtained at higher pollution levels of the oil treatment can be attributed to
poor aeration. In addition, the inhibition of germination may be due to the absorption of the oil by the seeds, which caused them to be swollen ... Show
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The decrease in the relative growth rate of Zea Mays in this study due to kerosene oil treatment of soil shows that the oil interrupted the growth of the
plant. According to Kathirvelan and Kalaiselvan (2007) the leaf surface area determines in large part the amount of carbon gained through
photosynthesis and the amount of water lost through transpiration and ultimately the crop yield. Reduction in the leaf and plant height as was
observed in this study implies that there would be low photosynthetic efficiency of the plant as much of the solar energy emitted by the sun would
not be absorbed by plant for photosynthesis. This definitely leads to low yield of the plant with subsequent low availability of food and poor
economy due to low sales of such plant's products. Since the relative growth rate measures the efficiency of seedling (Brand, 1991), the reduction in
the relative growth rate of Zea mays reported in this study imply that kerosene oil reduces the efficiency of the plant.
This study also shows that Zea mays did better in the polluted soil left for six months than in the polluted soil left for three months and than the soil
polluted and immediately planted on. This confirms that with time, natural biodegradation occur and the kerosene polluted environment has ability to
purify itself, if and only if the source of pollutant is not intermittent.
Figure 1 to 6 shows that the lower kerosene contaminated soil did better than the

The Negative Effects Of Pollution On The Environment
America's increasingly prominent contamination of water and air from nitrates, lead, plastic and other pathogenic organisms is critical to our
environment and the health of our population. Pollution has existed since the dawn of man. However, the transition from a nomadic lifestyle to a
settled society escalated pollution. The Roman empire had been the first to introduce lead pollution into the atmosphere. As the population grows
exponentially so does pollution rates, primarily in developed countries. It hadn't been until the second world war that industry's begun producing
synthetic plastic materials. These materials are hardly biodegradable and therefore accumulate in the environment faster than they can be broken
down. It was also in this 1950's era that scientist first began developing agriculture fertilizers as well as inorganic pesticides. It has been discovered
that these particular compounds have a negative effect on ecosystems and humans. Pesticides are used to protect crops from being eaten by insects,
the pesticide work as a repellent. Scientist now know that pesticides can cripple a species over time. Certain pesticides are designed to kill the insects
that eat the plant, this is creating a lack of biological diversity in ecosystems. For example, Bee population has been declining for some time now.
Without Bees, there would be no pollination of plants, potentially crippling entire ecosystems. Fertilizers contain nitrogen, runoff carries this element to

The Negative Effects Of Pesticides And Its Effects On The...
For centuries, pesticides have been used in agriculture to increase the production of high–quality crops by controlling diseases' vectors. Recently, they
are increasingly used worldwide but its severity is much pronounced in the third world countries. Among commonly used pesticides, organochlorine
and pyrethroids are used in agriculture, medicine, and industrial fields. The extensive application of pesticides has a negative effect on the
environment particularly water. Owning to overspray and drain of pesticides from fields into water bodies, it can be easily contaminated. Moreover,
it is generally known that aquatic animals and fish may uptake these compounds present in drainage water and in phytoplankton then bioaccumulation
(Arnot and Gobas, 2004). Fish is a biomarker to environmental contamination thereby, pesticides may cause many physiological and biochemical
changes influencing the activities of several enzymes and metabolites (Mukesh, 2013) even exposure to low levels of pesticides have adverse
biological effects (Hernandez et al., 2006). Mullet is very important marine fish and represents both freshwater and brackish water fish. Mullet (Mugil
capito) constitute the majority of the aquaculture Mugil sp. harvest in Egypt due to availability and abundance of wild fry (Sadek and Mires, 2000).
Moreover, it is extremely opportunistic feeders and feeds on accessible food (El–Dahhar et al., 2013). Therefore, natural food could represent a definite
micronutrient to

Effects Of Globalization On China
The effects of globalization on the environment in China
The world economy has improved rapidly as a result of globalization in past decades. However, many environmental problems began to emerge during
the economic boom. Especially, in the middle of the 20th century after World War II, many countries restarted economic development and urban
construction. At this time, severe air pollution influenced a number of regions. For instance, London was affected by a critical air pollution event, called
the Great Smog of London, in December 1952. During a week, 4000 people had died as a direct result of smog and over 100000 were got ill by the
human respiratory tract. Subsequently, from 1978 to now, China has seen a great amount of economic increase, with its gross domestic product (GDP)
expanding hundreds time since the reform and opening up. Although China has obtained a huge progress with the globalization, it has resulted in a
series of environmental problems at the same time. The aim of the essay is to discover how the globalization affected the environment on air pollution,
soil pollution and biological invasion in China. And I intend to analyze the instances of the connection between air
Weihua 2
pollutants and economic development of the provincial cities in China, the situation of invasive alien species and different causes of soil pollution.
China has already overtaken Japan to become the world`s second–largest economy in recent five years. "However, such economic

Soil Pollution: Harming Chemicals Used in Farming Essay
The country side: where there are trailing meadows of green grass, birds singing the day's melody, children either are heading to the mill pond to
fish or going to play in endless fields of dirt. This life seems simple and maybe even perfect. Down the back roads, many farms fill up the country
side. Farming is a part of the importance of evolution. Humans went from not just hunting and gathering but making their own food to feed themselves
and others too. This soon led into food production. Humans across the globe took this part of history and made production essential to life. There is a
problem though, it is called soil pollution. Soil pollution is when either a natural or chemical product is put into the soil and makes it ... Show more
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Feeding is the first task that needs to be done. Depending on the species of animal, number of head, and what it eats machinery may be needed to
help distribute the food. After the animals are fed they are released to their pastures for the day, if not out already. Then the stalls, paddocks, and
or barns are cleaned. Manure, straw, and shavings are cleaned out. This biological material is normally stored in a section on the farm made
specifically for this bio material. When the cleaning is all done and depending on the season, farmers may go out to the fields until the day is done.
They are planting, spreading fertilizers and pesticides, tilling, spreading manure, harvesting, or baling hay and straw. All of this is done by special
farming machinery. Not too much of this is done by horse or manual labor. When the day is done in the fields they trail back to the barns, feed the
animals, and let them in for the night. The farmer then lies down for the night until they rise again to do it all over the next day. Even though farmers
across the globe may be feeding the population they are contributing to soil pollution. Planting and harvesting are very important in our life style
today. Without both, our life may not be how it is. Farming helped write our history and is still doing so. It is contributing to our history for the good
and the bad. Farms from the past compared to modern farms both contributed to soil

Pollution Is A Serious Problem?
Xiangyu Li
Professor Kei Lutalo
English 1106
6 March 2016
"pollution in china"
In the paper, I argue that what types of pollution in china by introducing the situation and problems in china. Following the development of economic
and scientific, China is playing a very important role in the international arena. Increasing the number of people become rich. they can buy the new
car, big house, and expensive clothes. In many people 's opinions that China is becoming strong and rich. But they do not know China is also facing a
serious problem, it is pollution. Pollution is a serious problem because it will affect our health. Pollution can shorten our life and make us sick. Why
pollution in China is a serious problem? because there are air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution, those pollution has begun to seriously affect
people 's lives. How serious pollution in china? pollution will have what effects in China? How can we solve those problems?
While critics argue air pollution is not serious in china, I argue air pollution is serious in china. because smog, an excess of harmful gasses. Now, air
pollution is a serious problem in china. According to BBC news, Beijing government on Friday released four smog alert . Beijing 's smog problem is
mainly due to fuel power plants , industrial pollution and car exhaust(n.p.). recently, Beijing faces severe smog, government explain the main reason
why there is smog is factories and automobile exhaust. Factory make air pollution

Soil Pollution
Presently, most cars run on gasoline and thus gas stations are vital to our everyday life. In urban cities, gas stations are found in just about every other
corner. It has already been documented that burning gasoline produces toxic fumes that contributes to air pollution, global warming, and many health
concerns. Soil surrounding a gas station can also be contaminated with gasoline and generate soil pollution. In comparison with air, soil is more
complex in composition and function. It functions as a sink for pollutants, as a filter which delays the passage of chemicals to groundwater, and as a
bioreactor for organic life. Just as gas is a source of fuel for cars, soil is an essential component of the earth's ecosystem. It serves as a home to many
microbes and provides the necessary nutrients to plants that dwell in it. The pondus hyrdogenii (pH) indicates a solution's acidity and alkalinity. A pH
value of 7 is considered neutral. A solution with a pH between 0 to 7 is acid and one between 7 to 14 is alkaline. Most biological organisms
including plants have a very narrow range of pH values in which environmental substrates can survive. Plants prefer acidic substances. This leads to the
following questions: Are gas stations in El Paso, Texas a contributing factor tosoil contamination?
Do Gas Stations Cause Soil Contamination?
Soil around the world is a habitat for numerous plants and animals. However, every day, certain patches of soil are perhaps being

Effects Of Soil Pollution On The Earth
Effects on the Earth. There are various types of soil pollution. One type is soil pollution by chemical fertilizer. This occurs when the chemical
fertilizer goes into the ground, mixes with the water, and reduces the fertility of the soil. Chemical fertilizer can also affect water quality when it rains,
goes into streams, or even leaches into ground waters. "Fertilized soils and livestock can be significant sources of gaseous, nitrogen–based compounds
like ammonia and nitrogen oxides." says epa.gov. This is why it affects water as well as thesoil.
In the next forty years there will be 2 billion more people on the Earth. To grow more food for those people we will need to grow more crops for the
new people. Since there will need to be more food we will have to use even more fertilizer. So there will be less fertile soil out of the 11% we have now.
Each year we lose land to erosion. In the last 40 years the world has lost в…“ of its arable land to erosion. Topsoil erosion is the number 2 biggest
environmental problem, next to population growth. Yet it is one of the biggest no one cares because it is "just dirt." Some scientists think that in the
next 60 years we will run out of topsoil to grow food on. It is important that the world has topsoil because it provides most of the nutrients that plants,
and is necessary for growing all of the food the world needs.
Land lost to soil pollution. 20 million hectares of land are left alone because of poor soil quality.

A Place For Us
A Place for Us
Over the past few decades, scientists have warned that natural resources have been exhausted. In fact, human beings are using more resources than the
capacity of the Earth. That means the way we use natural resources to produce energies and make goods people use is not sustainable. The Sustainability
Glossary defines "Sustainability is we take only from Nature at equal the rate or less than the rate Nature can restore itself or heal itself." However, we
would not. As a consequence, in natural habitats, the overuse resource is leading to deforestation, emissions and wastewater pollution, animal extinction
and endangerment, soil erosion and degradation... In communities across the country, we can see abandoned places and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Gang problems and violent crime could increase. Residents and businesses move out while low–income people who remain behind would have to go
further to get daily goods and access some services ("Introduction" iii).
Abandoned properties are very different. They come in all sizes and shapes. They are diverse range of location. They may locate in urban, suburban and
rural areas. Some properties require to remove environmental contamination. In response, many organizations such as the President 's Council for
Sustainable Development (PCSD), the National Association of Counties, Public Technology, Inc., Concern, Inc., and the United Nations (U.N.)
provide variety of technical methods and helpful guidelines to redevelop and improve sustainable features to these brownfields (Geis and Kutzmark).
Established in the 1880s, Saigon Railway Station was a railway station in District 3 neighborhood of HoChiMinh City, Vietnam (Unwin). The station
was the last station on the North–South railway. Since many new stations, tunnels, and bridges were built, the train yard was finally abandoned. Inside
the station, some rusted railway engines line on tracks; on the ground, broken windows kicked out; inside the train wagons, seats and other stuffs are
stained with mold; on the walls, they are covered with graffiti. Obviously, in order to remove environmental contamination and contribute to long–term
sustainability, we need an appropriate project to help revitalize this

Central Land Issues Of The United States
Central Land Issues
In the United States, Long Island is one of the most densely populated regions where land is a hot commodity. The population as of 2014 was over
7.8 million. As a result, of many people living in a fixed area a large amount of waste starts to develop. Waste is being left behind after many human
activities. If nonbiodegradable products are not disposed of properly; the vast population growth is forcing the further building of homes and roads
which is encroaching upon natural habitats.
Since humans are moving into the natural habitats plant species are dwindling in numbers. Which alters the habitats for which birds relied on for a
camouflaged and protected home? Migratory birds are also moving to other areas due to the land pollution. Human waste, cigarette butts, snack
wrappers, and beverage containers are all contributing to the growing land pollution.
Other pollution sources include chemical plants, coal–fired power stations, oil refineries, nuclear waste disposal activity, large animal farms, plastic
factories, and metal production factories. The soil becomes contaminated by many chemicals and pathogens; this passes on to humans through direct
contact via food and water. Overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers causes toxins to enter the food chain.
There are critical environmental issues that result from land pollution. People live and work in areas where land waste is dumped. Some toxic
chemicals coming from waste causes deformities and are

Pesticides : Pesticides And Pesticides
The use of pesticides have been dated back to over 4,500 years ago, when the Sumerians used sulphur compounds to protect crops from mites and
insects (1). The use of pesticides are abundant in the United States and globally. The United States accounted for over one billion pounds of pesticide
use in both 2000 and 2001, with over five billions pounds used worldwide in each year (2). The United States accounted for approximately 23% of the
global use of pesticides. Pesticides have long been used and will continue to be used. There are strict regulations that govern the creation, reformulation,
sell, and use of pesticides. Even with these strict standards, there have been pesticides authorized on used that cause adverse effects to health and/or the
environment. These adverse effects have been discovered through varies methods such as toxicological profiles, exposures assessments,
epidemiological studies, etc. In this scenario we know the source of the environmental contaminant is the pesticide used exclusively in the surrounding
fields. The first thing I would like to know is more about the pesticide in question. Is this pesticide persistent leading to bioaccumulation? This is
important because it can help lead to a greater understanding of exposure to the individuals in the community. With this information, mitigation
methods can be discovered and utilized to eliminate or limit potential exposure. Given that this is a rural community, it can be assumed that many

Spooky's Argument Essay: Don T Touch
When thinking of disgust, we associate gross foods, smells, or dead animals. When our brain sees, smells, or tastes these disgusting things, it
triggers a part in our brain to stay away or don't touch. Although at a younger age, around 1 and 2, kids don't know what is gross by touching it
because they don't have the mental capability to say this is poop, don't touch it. As kids reach the age of 7, they learn the idea of contamination. In
the video the kids younger than 7 wouldn't drink the apple juice with the cockroach in it, but if it was removed they would drink it no problem. The 7
year old who saw the cockroach in his drink, still wouldn't drink the drink because he knew the nasty cockroach contaminated the apple juice. As kids
age they

Contamination Caused by Pesticides in Our Environment
The environmental contamination is a most important universal problem in present scenario. Diverse use of pesticides in agricultural usage causes to
numerous environmental problems. These pesticide residues in drinking water lead to increasing concern in health prospect. Vast usage of some
pesticides contributes to contamination of water bodies mostly, surface and ground water sources. Misuse, accidental spillage, and improper disposal
have resulted in extensive groundwater pollution (Edgehill et al., 1982). Chlorophenols such as penta–chlorophenol (PCP) and tetrachloropenol (TeCP)
and their salts, are broad spectrum biocides that have been used in agriculture, industry and public health since the 1920s, and are designated as priority
pollutants in the list of hazardous wastes [Zheng, et al., 2004]. Several toxic chemical, agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries are discharging
poisonous effluents without appropriate treatment. These hazardous wastes are potential threat to human and animal life. Trace amounts of
organochlorine pesticides present in water and wastewater are the almost difficult to separate from water. Therefore there is a demand for the efficient
removal of organic effluents from aqueous phase. Chemical used to kill pests mostly those of organochlorine pesticides were critically prohibited in
several countries due to their toxicity and stability in the environment, PCP comes under this group. PCP is found in two forms as a sodium salt of
PCP (C6HCl5O)

Effects Of Water Pollution On Aquatic Life
How does water pollution affect aquatic life? What is even Water pollution? Water Pollution consist of toxic chemicals entering a water source that
exceeds natural levels of safety. How does water pollution affect aquatic? According to Akansha and Grishma Aquatic resources are fundamental to
livelihood of man and they are a vital component in the well being of all living organisms be it plants or animals. Waterpollution is killing a substantial
amount of aquatic life.
"Pollution is one of the biggest global killers, affecting over 100 million people. That's comparable to global diseases like malaria and HIV" (11
Facts). Water pollution affects over 1 million seabirds and 100,000 sea mammals every year. Besides saltwater "Approximately 40% of the lakes in
America are too polluted for fishing, aquatic life, or swimming" (11 facts). Water pollution not only affects aquatic life but it also affects the people all
around the world. Fish are another big factor when talking about what water pollution affects. "Authorities have scooped up around 100,000 kilograms
(220,000 pounds) of dead fish they say were poisoned by ammonia from a chemical plant, environmental officials and state media said Wednesday, in a
reminder of the pollution plaguing the country" (CBS news).
A big part of what affects aquatic life are boats, we use boats to transport goods and supplies but boats use diesel fuel and they spill millions of gallons
of chemicals and other harmful substances. According

Phase Seperation PS2 Case Improved Version
Phase Separation Solutions (PS2) Case Analysis Group Team Leader : Mrs Ei Phyusin Htay Situation Analysis Phase Separation Solutions Inc (PS2),
founded in 2004 in Canada, is a young environmental management & consulting company who licensed a patent of unique TPS technology for PCB
contaminated soil treatment and oil sludge recovery, having a vision of fully integrated International environmental service company. The firm's
competencies, weaknesses, external opportunities and external threats are identified in below summary table. Strength High entry barrier due to strict
licensing, high start up cost, requirement of special scientific expertise to operate TPS technology is highly mobile, onsite remedial technology
Exclusive right to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
iversification strategy to enter into China PCB & POP market by JV with (NIES), to build a TPS demonstration unit to treat POP contaminated site
Relatively low risk exposure of demo unit and the JV (free advertisement of TPS technology) High entry barrier to other technologies as PCB/POP
sites are fragmented Established legislation as China government and Multilaterals like World Bank are committed to PCB/POP related environmental
concerns in China Financial resource Constraint (US$ 3millon equity investment required) Human resource Constraint Potential risk on Intellectual
Property leakage (uncertain IP Laws for protection of IP rights) Potential risk of operation team's synergy after the JV formation, for employees
coming from different cultural background and different nationals Geographical diversification strategy to enter into China oil sludge treatment
market by JV with Nahai, to establish fixed facility of 10,000 tons/year capacity expandable to 100,000 tons/year Huge entry barrier imposed by JV
against new entrants if Nahai let JV use the sole permit of waste management in Zhoushan Immediate access to excellence infrastructure and land
asset base of Nahai Nahai's proposed site in Zhoushan is located in the hub of major & strategic oil terminals in China, immediate market opportunity
to 180,000 tons/year of oily sludge waste Management's goal congruence synergy and solid trust base is sustainable Nahai's wide range of permits are
attractive if put to be used

Essay on Phytoremediation: Green Technology for the Future
Phytoremediation: Green Technology for the Future
Phytoremediation is the process by which plants and trees are used to remove or stabilize hazardous pollutants that exist in soil, sediments, surface
water or groundwater. The EPA (environmental protection agency) estimates that more than 30,000 sites in the U.S. are in need of environmental
treatment, and a great number of these sites are contaminated with highly toxic metals. Abandoned or under–used commercial and industrial facilities,
termed as "brownfields," are a major contributor to this environment concern. "Brownfields" pose significant health risks to nearby residential
populations and threaten the plant and animal life close to them. Phytoremediation provides a very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many drawbacks to this method, the most significant being the cost. The lack of economically feasible options in dealing with this problem
is what oftentimes prevents the initiative from being taken to redevelop these sites. Phytoextraction is regarded as a relatively low cost and
environmental friendly alternative to the traditional ways of treating metal contaminated sites.
The inorganic metals that often plague brownfields include arsenic, cadmium, zinc, nickel and copper. However, the bioavailability of other
problematic metals such as lead and chromium are very low and require more advanced resources and strategies in order to be extracted. In addition to
these toxic metals, it has been suggested that phytoextraction techniques can be used to remove radionuclides that exist in sites with mixed wastes.
Radionuclide refers to any element that emits radiation and that can cause cancer through drinking water that it contaminates. In addition to the
environmental and health concerns that brownfields pose, there are also many sociological impacts associated with them.
There are a variety of different sites that have been effectively treated using phytoextraction techniques. These include industrial and municipal landfills,
agricultural fields, military bases, fuel storage tank farms, gas stations, army ammunition

The Solution Of Land Pollution
"A clean home is a happy home!" This quotation applies to the dilemma that is being partaken in this problem. In many cases, your place of residence
defines who you are as a person or in this situation, as a community. I don't know too many people that would like to visit or even live in an unsanitary
environment. The land pollution that invades the streets of the small town could've been prevented but is solvable with the work of a proposition. I
would like to propose a plan to improve the living conditions of my hometown. I suggest the residents of Waverly come together to conduct a
cleaning plan throughout the entire town. As a result, the locked potential could be revealed and astonish the doubters. With the motivation and
cooperation of the town's people, we could limit the amount of pollution in the municipality of Waverly. The initial purpose of this essay is to find
the solution to the litter found on the surface of the town's surroundings. Before discussing on how to resolve the problem, we have to establish what
exactly is "land pollution". There can be many different ideas for the concept within most of earth's areas. It is an occurring issue in today's society
that is overlooked by many in the population. Over a period of time, it collects and eventually blends in with the setting. It can be thought of as just a
few pieces of litter here and there, but there's more to it. Land pollution means degradation or destruction of earth's surface or soil, directly or

The Effects Of Soil Contamination On The Environment
In the world we are living in today, with a growing population of approximately 7 billion, demands on fossil fuels are now greater than ever. Although
innovative research on green energy sources have flourished during the past years, fossil fuels remain the dominant source of energy in the world.
Methods of extraction and storage for crude oils can become detrimental to the environment if not properly handled. Starting from marine spills, to
leakage of underground storage tanks, these anthropogenic activities intoxicate soil and water bodies impacting both terrestrial and aquatic life.
However, through a natural process called bioremediation, microbes are able to degrade toxic pollutants and even result in the complete restoration of
contaminated sites. This paper will focus mainly on bioremediation of oil–contaminated soils.
Introduction
Soil contamination occurs when an excessive amount of a substance is present in the soil at higher than normal concentration without necessarily
causing any direct harm (Vance, Pierzynski, & Sims, 1994). Soil contamination can lead to soil pollution, which is the evolution of soil contamination,
causing some type of direct harm; thus a soil can be contaminated but not polluted (Vance et al., 1994). In most cases, oil contaminated soils have some
type of direct or indirect negative consequences on the environment. Crude oils, when found in little to excessive amount, can destroy ecosystems and
impact human health. A thorough description of

Site Clean Up And Certification Essay
Site clean up and certification
Research to minimize clean problem
Consult with consultant
Hire specialist contractor for cleaning site
Secure inspection and clean up certification
It may effect time, cost and plan goal.
Cleaning of contaminated soil if required
A) Using machines
B) Planting certain types of plants which got particular gift for sucking up specific chemicals.
It may effect on Health of Humans because Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and then pass these to us which may
cause small or terminal illness.
Management of budget
Project has limited budget both for personal as well as other resources so management should be done properly.
a) Forecasting the budget time to time.

b) Forecasting resource usage regularly .
c) Informing team.
d) Managing scope meticulously.
It may take business into loss. This may effect on employee satisfaction and their work satisfaction.
Management of staff
Hiring responsible and skillful staff along with educational eligibility. Hiring appropriate employee to minimize cost:
a) Employee incentives
b) Job segregation
Increase in stress level. Lack of incentives. Employees may leave the job.
Abstract
A project must be considered by senior management in order to justify the setup of a proper organization unit for proper management and to

1. What is the accepted definition of a вЂ contaminated...
1. What is the accepted definition of a 'contaminated site'? Broadly discuss the reasoning underlying the definition and discuss reasons why there are
notifiable activities and what these activities are. What other government or supply authorities are required to be notified for development work to be
initiated? HD question – How might groundwater be a significant issue on this site?
Definition of a contaminated site
To understand what a contaminated site is, soil contamination should be defined to understand the scope of contamination that can affect a site when
observed in a construction context. Soil contamination can be loosely defined as polluted soil, thereby including liquid or solid hazardous substances
mixed amongst the earth's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Notifiable activities are activities listed under Schedule 3 of the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (EP Act). These activities bind numerous
organizations and the public in ensuring that any form of contamination is monitored and managed in a transparent fashion. In ensuring safety,
including any of the following should be deemed as notifiable activities and thus require official documenting to local and statewide authorities:
п‚§Abrassive Blasting
п‚§Aerial spraying
п‚§Asbestos manufacture or disposal
п‚§Asphalt or bitumen manufacture
п‚§Battery manufacture or recycling
п‚§Chemical manufacture or formulation
п‚§Chemical storage
п‚§Coal fired power station
п‚§Coal gas works
п‚§Drum reconditioning or recycling
п‚§Dry cleaning
п‚§Electrical transformers
п‚§Engine reconditioning works
п‚§Explosives production or storage

п‚§Fertiliser manufacture
п‚§Foundry operations
п‚§Gun, pistol or rifle range
п‚§Herbicide or pesticide manufacture
п‚§Landfill
п‚§Lime burner
п‚§Livestock dip or spray race operations
п‚§Metal treatment or coating
п‚§Mine wastes
п‚§Mineral processing
п‚§Paint manufacture or formulation
п‚§Pest control
п‚§Petroleum or petrochemical industries
п‚§Including
п‚§Petroleum product or oil storage
п‚§Pharmaceutical manufacture
п‚§Printing
п‚§Railway yards
п‚§Scrap yards
п‚§Service stations
п‚§Smelting or refining
п‚§Tannery, fellmongery or hide curing
п‚§Waste storage, treatment or disposal
п‚§Wood treatment and preservation
–Schedule 3 –

Food Waste Management : What Effect Does Household Waste
Household Waste Management – What effect does household waste contribute to soil contamination?
2.THE PROBLEM The large scale production and improper disposal of waste has become a source of pollution, as it may result in serious
deterioration in quality of life and the ecological balance. As this image from Mannering (2013) illustrates, hazardous or harmful products disposed of
from household waste is potentially dangerous to humans and the environment. In particular, when our society lives in a consumer–driven world and
with this comes accumulative household waste, so as a result soil contamination increases from poor household waste management (Giusti, 2009). This
investigation examines household waste management and the repercussion household waste can cause when deposited into the ground. Moreover,
principles of the current global waste management legislations and design adhered to household waste management, which promotes more effective
use of material and waste recovery systems in order to provide a sustainable future.
3.WHAT IS HOUSEHOLD WASTE?
Figure 4. Waste supply projection versus approved capacity.
Household solid and liquid waste consists of unwanted rubbish, such as inorganic and organic products. For instance, not only disposal of unwanted
inorganic products derives from fabric, glass, paper, plastic, metal materials and hazardous waste, but also food scraps and garden debris

What Is Land Pollution?
What is Land Pollution?
When we talk about air or water pollution, the reactions garnered are stronger. This is because we can see the effects caused by the pollutants and
their extent very clearly. It is normal human psychology to believe in what you see first hand. Our land on the other hand is living a nightmare too.
We may not be able to see the effects with clarity, but land is being polluted and abused constantly and we are unable to calculate the damages incurred.
Land Pollution has come to become one of the serious concerns that we collectively battle.
Land pollution, in other words, means degradation or destruction of earth's surface and soil, directly or indirectly as a result of human activities.
Anthropogenic activities are conducted citing development, and the same affects the land drastically, we witness land pollution; by drastic we are
referring to any activity that lessens the quality and/or productivity of the land as an ideal place for agriculture, forestation, construction etc. The
degradation of land that could be used constructively in other words is land pollution.
Land Pollution has led to a series of issues that we have come to realize in recent times, after decades of neglect. The increasing numbers of barren
land plots and the decreasing numbers of forest cover is at an alarming ratio. Moreover the extension of cities and towns due to increasing population is
leading to further exploitation of the land. Land fills and

Pesticides In Canada
Use of pesticide in farming has long been a topic of debate in both developed and developing countries. Significantly, Canadian farming also relies
heavily on the use of pesticides. In Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agency, a division of Health Canada regulates the use of pesticides.
Although, the Ministry of Environment has banned the sale of a large number of highly toxic "pesticides for cosmetic purposes on lawns, gardens,
parks and schoolyards....but the ban makes exceptions for agriculture, forestry and golf courses, and for public health or safety issues" (News Staff,
2009). However, this regulation does not wholly satisfy the majority of Canadians that supports pesticide bans on a larger scale due environmental and
health concerns. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the most direct way of pesticides reaching the fish population is contamination of water sources due to soil erosion, leeching, run–off and
accidental exposure. This leads to mass death of aquatic life forms due to poisoning and depletion of oxygen. Sometimes, pesticides intended to
eradicate a pest in one species has fatal outcome to another species. Two such pesticides, Alphamax and Salmosan introduced in New Brunswick
Salmon Farming Industry to fight sea lice infestation has killed lobsters far away from the site of salmon farms. As stated by Wayne Moore, director
general of Regulatory Science for Fisheries and Oceans Canada, "Reports indicate that there are potential (lethal) issues associate with Salmosan and
Alphamax usage" (CBC NEWS, 2015). More so, treating seeds of canola, soybean and corn with Neonicotinoid, a pesticide to ward off aphids (insect
pests), has been in practice since long in Canadian farming. Bird's ingestion of these treated seeds or contaminated insects has been a major cause of
an alarming decline in their population due to poisoning. Certain bird populations like barn swallows, tree sparrow, common starlings and chimney
swifts are down by 75% in recent years. It is not just the birds that are affected by lethal concentrations of the pesticides such as Neonicotinoid; the

Water Pollution Essay
Heavy pollution can be found all across China, though it is more concentrated in the east than anywhere else. But where does all of this pollution
come from? Many people would assume that it is generated only urban or industrial areas(This is also true for air pollution); however, farmers play a
big role in polluting the water. With a fast–growing population and economy farmers are required to produce more crops every year. This has led them
into using organochlorine pesticides which was heavily used in the 1950s to the 1970s to control agricultural and get rid of mosquitoes. According to
Farmers continue to use harmful chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls which is used for lubrication on farming equipment such as tractors, air
compressors, pumps, and other agricultural machinery however it was later found to be harmful to the environment and cause cancer to animals
(ATSDR). The list continues on with polybrominated diphenyl ethers which is a flame retardant, polychlorinated dibenzo–p–dioxins which is used as a
herbicide, and ammonium perfluorooctanoate which is a pesticide. With all of these chemicals in the water it puts China at one of the highest polluted
countries on earth. Due to the high amount of pollution in the water it makes China's water resources very limited as it has been quoted that only
20–25% of China's water is actually consumable or usable for agriculture/industrial use. In fact in 2005 research shows that out of the 515 rivers
surveyed 60 were

Phytoremediation of Urban Brownfields: a Case for...
Phytoremediation of Urban Brownfields:
A Case for Industrial Hemp
By: Jeff Lemon Thursday, June 21, 2012
Brownfields
Brownfield Phytoremediation
Page 2 Page 4
A Case for Industrial Hemp?
Page 5
Executive Summary
There are a number of reasons why we should care about brownfields. From encouraging urban sprawl through the 'development' of greenfields to their
environmental impacts on soil, air and ground water, these properties are a drain upon the urban environment. Redevelopment of brownfields are
complicated by the potential contamination of hazardous waste, heavy metals and pollution that has been left behind in the soil. Although this land can
be used once the soil has been cleaned, landowners are not financially ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Financial, public and legal risks play a large role in the redevelopment of a brownfield. These risks (and the costs attributed redevelopment) are further
compounded by the complexity of the site; depending upon the size, type, and contamination level of a given property.4 Each brownfield has its own
story, its own history; no two brownfields are alike, as each comes with its own problems and challenges. It is because of this, that British Columbia
Ministry of Environment has categorized brownfields into 3 separate categories, representing the standard deviation of potential redevelopment
brownfield projects. At either side of the deviation (+/– 15 – 20%) are your 'easy choices' for redevelopment. If the sight is on the high end, then
redevelopment pushes forward, driven by market forces because these properties are highly profitable once reclaimed. On the other hand, if it is on the
low end, remediation and redevelopment costs are usually higher than the

The Effects Of Long Term Industrial Pollution
We examined the effects of long–term industrial pollution, characterized by elevated soil concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn, on the abundance and
diversity of grasshopper communities in grass strips along the edges of farmland at various distances from an industrial complex in the Al–Tebbin
region of South Cairo, Egypt. Six sites up to 10 km upwind from the main sources of industrial pollution were selected. Grasshoppers were collected
monthly from June to October in 2012 and 2013 by sweep–net sampling. Although significant differences were found for the total abundance of
grasshoppers between sites, none were found for species diversity, richness, and evenness between moderately and highly polluted sites, but all values
were higher in the moderately polluted sites. Diversity and richness indices decreased with increasing soil metal levels with no statistical significance
observed for species richness; only Cd and Pb were significantly correlated with species diversity. No trend was observed between species evenness and
metal concentrations in soil. Multivariate analyses grouped the study sites based on the degree (moderate or high) of heavy metal contamination;
significant differences were detected between grasshopper community structures in moderately and highly polluted sites using one–way analysis of
similarities.
Heavy metal contamination is one of the most serious and widespread forms of soil pollution [1, 2]. Many industrial and urban areas are polluted with

The Importance Of Carcinogens

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