The hypodermic needle model
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The Hypodermic Needle theory suggests that media like advertisements, magazines, and TV can subtly influence audiences' minds without them realizing it. Under this theory, fans may be unconsciously compelled to purchase a product just because it is associated with a media property they like. For example, magazines may use popular celebrities or bands on their covers to attract fans and influence them to buy the magazine without full awareness. Similarly, songs mentioned in commercials can subconsciously suggest to listeners that they should buy the advertised product whenever they hear the song later.
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The document outlines Uses and Gratifications Theory, which proposes that audiences use media to fulfill four basic needs: diversion from everyday life, forming personal relationships, exploring personal identity, and learning about surrounding events. Specifically, fans may purchase a music magazine for diversion, to learn about themselves through their favorite artist, to connect with others in the social group of fans, and to gain surveillance of events through information on the cover.
Question 2
The document discusses how a digipak combines the main product (album) with ancillary texts (additional packaging elements) to attract customers and drive sales. Specifically, it uses artwork on the front panel inspired by propaganda posters to convey the message that purchasing the album supports the artist. Additional elements like newspaper cutouts for the title and half of the artist's face on the back further pique customer interest and curiosity in the product. The combination of design elements is meant to persuade viewers through impactful visuals and subtle references to outside media sources.
Audience theory
This document discusses several theories of audience:
1) The Frankfurt School's "effects model" viewed audiences as passive recipients of media messages.
2) The two-step flow theory developed in the 1940s-50s recognized that opinion leaders influence others through interpretation of media.
3) Uses and gratifications theory from the 1960s saw audiences as active consumers who use media for purposes like diversion, relationships, identity, and information.
4) David Morley's 1980s study identified dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings that audiences can take from media based on their perspectives.
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Jeremy Tunstall was a British sociologist born in 1934. In 1977, he published his landmark book "The Media Are American" where he argued that while many mass media originated in other parts of the world, the United States dominated global media in the 20th century because mass communication mediums became highly industrialized there. In 2008, he published "The Media Were American" focusing on the decline of American mass media. Tunstall's audience engagement theory proposed that audiences interact with media in primary, secondary, or tertiary ways depending on their environment and activities.
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Audience Theory
The document outlines Uses and Gratifications Theory, which proposes that audiences use media to fulfill four basic needs: diversion from everyday life, forming personal relationships, exploring personal identity, and learning about surrounding events. Specifically, fans may purchase a music magazine for diversion, to learn about themselves through their favorite artist, to connect with others in the social group of fans, and to gain surveillance of events through information on the cover.
Question 2
The document discusses how a digipak combines the main product (album) with ancillary texts (additional packaging elements) to attract customers and drive sales. Specifically, it uses artwork on the front panel inspired by propaganda posters to convey the message that purchasing the album supports the artist. Additional elements like newspaper cutouts for the title and half of the artist's face on the back further pique customer interest and curiosity in the product. The combination of design elements is meant to persuade viewers through impactful visuals and subtle references to outside media sources.
Audience theory
This document discusses several theories of audience:
1) The Frankfurt School's "effects model" viewed audiences as passive recipients of media messages.
2) The two-step flow theory developed in the 1940s-50s recognized that opinion leaders influence others through interpretation of media.
3) Uses and gratifications theory from the 1960s saw audiences as active consumers who use media for purposes like diversion, relationships, identity, and information.
4) David Morley's 1980s study identified dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings that audiences can take from media based on their perspectives.
FMP Production Diary Week 2
During the second week of FMP production, Charlie Atkin began researching their primary and secondary audiences. They created a SurveyMonkey survey about Edgar Wright's Cornetto Trilogy to help decide which film to focus their fanzine on, as well as to learn what their target audience likes about print magazines, fanzines, and the trilogy in general. The survey results will help influence their choice of film for their fanzine homage to one of Edgar Wright's films from the trilogy.
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Jeremy Tunstall was a British sociologist born in 1934. In 1977, he published his landmark book "The Media Are American" where he argued that while many mass media originated in other parts of the world, the United States dominated global media in the 20th century because mass communication mediums became highly industrialized there. In 2008, he published "The Media Were American" focusing on the decline of American mass media. Tunstall's audience engagement theory proposed that audiences interact with media in primary, secondary, or tertiary ways depending on their environment and activities.
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The document discusses participatory media audiences and provides the example of Star Wars YouTube channels. It notes that some of the biggest Star Wars fan channels, like Star Wars Theory with over 1 million subscribers, have audiences that choose to watch videos and interact through likes, subscriptions, and comments, making them participatory.
Theory audience pro-forma
The document discusses theories of audience for media works, including:
- Primary and secondary audiences can be defined by age depending on the complexity and themes of the work.
- Uses and gratifications theory examines how audiences use media for information, personal identity, social interaction, and entertainment.
- Consumer generated content like fan fiction allows audiences to demonstrate appreciation for fandoms and feel included.
Research - Uses & gratifications theory
The Uses & Gratifications Theory suggests that audiences actively seek out media to fulfill certain needs, such as diversion from problems, a sense of companionship from media personalities, understanding their self-identity, and learning about their surrounding world. The document gives examples of how a magazine content page could provide diversion through entertainment, enable surveillance of music industry news to share with friends, and allow readers to learn about bands and develop their personal identity through subscription.
Audience Theory
The Hypodermic Needle Theory from the 1920s proposed that media has a direct and powerful effect on passive audiences by transmitting intended messages. For example, some people believed a 1938 radio broadcast about a Martian invasion. However, the theory is now considered outdated because audiences have many media sources, interpret messages differently, and are active rather than passive. Reception Theory and Uses and Gratifications Theory also view audiences as active interpreters based on their experiences and motivations for media consumption.
Conventions of real media products slideshow
This document discusses the typical conventions of magazine advertisements for music artists, including displaying the artist/band name, record label, album title, where the album can be purchased, eye-catching colors/text/images, and images of the artist that reflect the genre and make them recognizable. It provides examples of real magazine ads and notes that an own media product ad could be created.
Section a audience theory
This document discusses several theories of audience and media effects:
- The Frankfurt School viewed audiences as susceptible to media messages like a hypodermic needle.
- The two-step flow theory proposes that opinion leaders receive media messages and pass them to others in their social networks.
- Uses and gratifications theory argues that audiences actively choose media to fulfill needs like diversion, social interaction, identity, and information.
- David Morley's reading positions include dominant readings where audiences fully accept the message, negotiated readings where audiences modify the message, and oppositional readings where audiences reject the intended message.
The Hypodermic Needle Theory
The Hypodermic Needle Theory suggests that media messages pass directly into people's consciousness without being altered, and that the mass media can influence large groups by "injecting" them with targeted messages designed to trigger a desired response. It views audiences as powerless to resist media influence. The theory is connected to the idea that audiences are passive receivers of media content. It could apply to a music magazine targeted at teenagers, as the theory assumes audiences do not have to think critically about messages.
Hypodermic needle model
This document discusses several media theories related to audiences:
- The hypodermic theory suggests audiences are passive and accept messages without thinking critically. This has been disproven.
- The uses and gratification theory proposes audiences are active in seeking out media to fulfill certain needs.
- Reception theory examines how audiences interpret (encoding) and understand (decoding) media messages based on their own backgrounds.
- Audiences can have preferred, negotiated, or oppositional readings of media based on their agreement level with the producer's message.
Orientalsim
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The Hypodermic Needle Model
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Hypodermic needle theory !
The hypodermic needle model of communication, also known as the magic bullet theory, suggests that media messages have a direct and uniform effect on passive audiences similar to injecting a hypodermic needle (i.e. direct injection). This model from the 1930s views audiences as directly influenced by media messages without personal interpretation. However, Katz and Lazarsfeld's two-step flow of communication model from 1955 found that media messages are often interpreted by opinion leaders in social groups before reaching others, challenging the notion of direct media effects.
Hypodermic needle model
The hypodermic needle model is a communications model from the 1930s that suggests audiences passively receive information transmitted through media without processing or challenging it. The model holds that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver. It suggests audiences are manipulated by media creators and their behavior and thinking can be easily changed. The model considers audiences to be passive and homogeneous.
Two-Step Flow Theory
The two-step flow theory of communication proposes that (1) opinion leaders first receive information from the mass media and (2) then pass on their interpretations of that information to less active individuals. The theory was developed by Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet and further expanded on by Katz and Lazarsfeld. It uses a model where opinion leaders pay close attention to media messages and influence others similar to them, while the "influentials" look to the opinion leaders rather than directly receiving information from the media.
Slideshare ppt
Miss goodheart created a PowerPoint to test out the Slideshare tool, which was introduced to her by Sharon Tonner on January 20th, 2011.
Audience
Soap opera fans claim that these programs satisfy several of their needs according to uses and gratification theory:
- Cognitive needs - Learning about relationships and social issues through the stories of characters.
- Affective needs - Feeling emotionally invested in characters provides a sense of well-being.
- Personal integrative needs - Identifying with characters who face similar relationship issues helps with personal identity.
- Social integrative needs - Viewers can "work through" arguments about relationships and society through the stories, while remaining removed from directly facing these issues themselves.
So while uses and gratification appears to empower audiences, the needs it describes are still focused on accepting the intentions of media producers rather than audiences truly using media
Audience theory
This document discusses various theories about how audiences engage with and are impacted by media texts. It presents early theories that viewed audiences as passive receivers, versus more active models where audiences seek to engage with and make meaning from media. It also covers effects theories like hypodermic needle theory, cultivation theory, and copycat theory. Additionally, it introduces uses and gratification theory, which examines what needs and gratifications audiences seek from different media, such as cognitive needs, affective needs, tension release, personal identity, and social issues. Reception analysis and ethnography view audiences as active meaning-makers based on their social identities and positions.
Evaluation questions
This magazine uses typical conventions of real music magazines such as placing the masthead at the top left and articles underneath. It represents younger audiences aged 16-21 interested in mainstream genres like hip hop, rap, dubstep and drum and bass. Well-known magazine institutions like IPC Media or Bauer could potentially distribute it since they feature similar artists. The target audience would be attracted by articles on popular artists and a large main image of an upcoming artist to learn more about.
Theory research
The document discusses several media theories including auteur theory, which views the director as the author of a film, reception theory, which examines how audiences decode and interpret media messages, the hypodermic needle model which sees audiences as passive receivers of media messages, and the male gaze, which refers to the portrayal of women in media from a masculine perspective. It also provides references for each theory discussed to provide additional context and information.
Theoretical research
The document discusses various media theories that are relevant to magazine production, including auteur theory, genre theory, and audience theories. It examines how these theories can be applied when creating an original magazine. The creator plans to include their own distinctive style through color palette and visual motifs to demonstrate their influence as an auteur. Genre conventions will be followed with some variations to make the magazine unique. Audience theories like uses and gratification will be used to attract readers through diversion, social solidarity, personal identity, and information gathering. Representation of diverse models will also help make the magazine distinctive.
Uses and gratifications explanation and application
This document provides an explanation and application of Uses and Gratifications theory. The theory focuses on why people use media rather than the content itself, and assumes that audiences actively interpret media to meet personal needs like identity, information, entertainment, and social interaction. The document then applies this theory in summarizing how magazines like VIBE and NME meet these audience needs through artist interviews, news, and topics for social conversation.
4.proposal
This proposal is for a music magazine called "Ur Music" targeted at teenagers and young adults aged 15-24. The magazine will inform readers about unknown and local artists, how to see them live, popular music genres, and general music culture updates. Specific content will include artist profiles, concert listings locally and abroad, and a poster with tour dates. The purpose is to both entertain and educate the target audience about past and present music styles through showcasing new artists and paying tribute to influences. While some punk content could potentially offend younger viewers, there will be no explicit age restriction but a note about provocative content. The magazine aims to stand out from others by providing exclusive event information and coverage not found elsewhere.
Audiences
The document discusses different theories about how media audiences interact with media content. Early theorists viewed audiences as easily manipulated masses that could be influenced by advertising or propaganda. However, others see audiences as having less influence and interacting with media in more subtle ways. The document goes on to discuss the idea that audiences were once seen as atomized individuals consuming the same media alone, and theories about audiences as masses comparable to crowds. It questions how well these theories describe modern audiences.
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Theory audience pro-forma
The document discusses theories of audience for media works, including:
- Primary and secondary audiences can be defined by age depending on the complexity and themes of the work.
- Uses and gratifications theory examines how audiences use media for information, personal identity, social interaction, and entertainment.
- Consumer generated content like fan fiction allows audiences to demonstrate appreciation for fandoms and feel included.
Research - Uses & gratifications theory
The Uses & Gratifications Theory suggests that audiences actively seek out media to fulfill certain needs, such as diversion from problems, a sense of companionship from media personalities, understanding their self-identity, and learning about their surrounding world. The document gives examples of how a magazine content page could provide diversion through entertainment, enable surveillance of music industry news to share with friends, and allow readers to learn about bands and develop their personal identity through subscription.
Audience Theory
The Hypodermic Needle Theory from the 1920s proposed that media has a direct and powerful effect on passive audiences by transmitting intended messages. For example, some people believed a 1938 radio broadcast about a Martian invasion. However, the theory is now considered outdated because audiences have many media sources, interpret messages differently, and are active rather than passive. Reception Theory and Uses and Gratifications Theory also view audiences as active interpreters based on their experiences and motivations for media consumption.
Conventions of real media products slideshow
This document discusses the typical conventions of magazine advertisements for music artists, including displaying the artist/band name, record label, album title, where the album can be purchased, eye-catching colors/text/images, and images of the artist that reflect the genre and make them recognizable. It provides examples of real magazine ads and notes that an own media product ad could be created.
Section a audience theory
This document discusses several theories of audience and media effects:
- The Frankfurt School viewed audiences as susceptible to media messages like a hypodermic needle.
- The two-step flow theory proposes that opinion leaders receive media messages and pass them to others in their social networks.
- Uses and gratifications theory argues that audiences actively choose media to fulfill needs like diversion, social interaction, identity, and information.
- David Morley's reading positions include dominant readings where audiences fully accept the message, negotiated readings where audiences modify the message, and oppositional readings where audiences reject the intended message.
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The Hypodermic Needle Theory
The Hypodermic Needle Theory suggests that media messages pass directly into people's consciousness without being altered, and that the mass media can influence large groups by "injecting" them with targeted messages designed to trigger a desired response. It views audiences as powerless to resist media influence. The theory is connected to the idea that audiences are passive receivers of media content. It could apply to a music magazine targeted at teenagers, as the theory assumes audiences do not have to think critically about messages.
Hypodermic needle model
This document discusses several media theories related to audiences:
- The hypodermic theory suggests audiences are passive and accept messages without thinking critically. This has been disproven.
- The uses and gratification theory proposes audiences are active in seeking out media to fulfill certain needs.
- Reception theory examines how audiences interpret (encoding) and understand (decoding) media messages based on their own backgrounds.
- Audiences can have preferred, negotiated, or oppositional readings of media based on their agreement level with the producer's message.
Orientalsim
Group Skylark will present on "Orientalism in the Light of Edward Said". Edward Said was a Palestinian-American scholar who received his PhD from Harvard. He criticized the practice of Orientalism, where the West dominates representations of the East. Orientalism is not just an idea but has real power over how the East is viewed. The West taught students about the Orient to dominate the region. While some saw Orientalism as imagination, Said argued it has political elements in how the West expands control over the Middle East. The presentation will conclude with a reflection on Said's concept of Orientalism and how it represents the Western outlook towards the East.
The Hypodermic Needle Model
A presentation which looks at the way in which the hypodermic needle model presents information to audiences.
Hypodermic needle theory !
The hypodermic needle model of communication, also known as the magic bullet theory, suggests that media messages have a direct and uniform effect on passive audiences similar to injecting a hypodermic needle (i.e. direct injection). This model from the 1930s views audiences as directly influenced by media messages without personal interpretation. However, Katz and Lazarsfeld's two-step flow of communication model from 1955 found that media messages are often interpreted by opinion leaders in social groups before reaching others, challenging the notion of direct media effects.
Hypodermic needle model
The hypodermic needle model is a communications model from the 1930s that suggests audiences passively receive information transmitted through media without processing or challenging it. The model holds that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver. It suggests audiences are manipulated by media creators and their behavior and thinking can be easily changed. The model considers audiences to be passive and homogeneous.
Two-Step Flow Theory
The two-step flow theory of communication proposes that (1) opinion leaders first receive information from the mass media and (2) then pass on their interpretations of that information to less active individuals. The theory was developed by Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet and further expanded on by Katz and Lazarsfeld. It uses a model where opinion leaders pay close attention to media messages and influence others similar to them, while the "influentials" look to the opinion leaders rather than directly receiving information from the media.
Slideshare ppt
Miss goodheart created a PowerPoint to test out the Slideshare tool, which was introduced to her by Sharon Tonner on January 20th, 2011.
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Similar to The hypodermic needle model
Audience
Soap opera fans claim that these programs satisfy several of their needs according to uses and gratification theory:
- Cognitive needs - Learning about relationships and social issues through the stories of characters.
- Affective needs - Feeling emotionally invested in characters provides a sense of well-being.
- Personal integrative needs - Identifying with characters who face similar relationship issues helps with personal identity.
- Social integrative needs - Viewers can "work through" arguments about relationships and society through the stories, while remaining removed from directly facing these issues themselves.
So while uses and gratification appears to empower audiences, the needs it describes are still focused on accepting the intentions of media producers rather than audiences truly using media
Audience theory
This document discusses various theories about how audiences engage with and are impacted by media texts. It presents early theories that viewed audiences as passive receivers, versus more active models where audiences seek to engage with and make meaning from media. It also covers effects theories like hypodermic needle theory, cultivation theory, and copycat theory. Additionally, it introduces uses and gratification theory, which examines what needs and gratifications audiences seek from different media, such as cognitive needs, affective needs, tension release, personal identity, and social issues. Reception analysis and ethnography view audiences as active meaning-makers based on their social identities and positions.
Evaluation questions
This magazine uses typical conventions of real music magazines such as placing the masthead at the top left and articles underneath. It represents younger audiences aged 16-21 interested in mainstream genres like hip hop, rap, dubstep and drum and bass. Well-known magazine institutions like IPC Media or Bauer could potentially distribute it since they feature similar artists. The target audience would be attracted by articles on popular artists and a large main image of an upcoming artist to learn more about.
Theory research
The document discusses several media theories including auteur theory, which views the director as the author of a film, reception theory, which examines how audiences decode and interpret media messages, the hypodermic needle model which sees audiences as passive receivers of media messages, and the male gaze, which refers to the portrayal of women in media from a masculine perspective. It also provides references for each theory discussed to provide additional context and information.
Theoretical research
The document discusses various media theories that are relevant to magazine production, including auteur theory, genre theory, and audience theories. It examines how these theories can be applied when creating an original magazine. The creator plans to include their own distinctive style through color palette and visual motifs to demonstrate their influence as an auteur. Genre conventions will be followed with some variations to make the magazine unique. Audience theories like uses and gratification will be used to attract readers through diversion, social solidarity, personal identity, and information gathering. Representation of diverse models will also help make the magazine distinctive.
Uses and gratifications explanation and application
This document provides an explanation and application of Uses and Gratifications theory. The theory focuses on why people use media rather than the content itself, and assumes that audiences actively interpret media to meet personal needs like identity, information, entertainment, and social interaction. The document then applies this theory in summarizing how magazines like VIBE and NME meet these audience needs through artist interviews, news, and topics for social conversation.
4.proposal
This proposal is for a music magazine called "Ur Music" targeted at teenagers and young adults aged 15-24. The magazine will inform readers about unknown and local artists, how to see them live, popular music genres, and general music culture updates. Specific content will include artist profiles, concert listings locally and abroad, and a poster with tour dates. The purpose is to both entertain and educate the target audience about past and present music styles through showcasing new artists and paying tribute to influences. While some punk content could potentially offend younger viewers, there will be no explicit age restriction but a note about provocative content. The magazine aims to stand out from others by providing exclusive event information and coverage not found elsewhere.
Audiences
The document discusses different theories about how media audiences interact with media content. Early theorists viewed audiences as easily manipulated masses that could be influenced by advertising or propaganda. However, others see audiences as having less influence and interacting with media in more subtle ways. The document goes on to discuss the idea that audiences were once seen as atomized individuals consuming the same media alone, and theories about audiences as masses comparable to crowds. It questions how well these theories describe modern audiences.
Music magazine evaluation
The document summarizes the author's music magazine media product. It addresses how the magazine challenges conventions by having a simple cover design rather than one packed with information. It represents the indie rock music genre and its typical audience of late teens to early 30s. The magazine would be distributed in newsagents since that is where the target audience looks for magazines. The author learned photography and Photoshop skills like removing backgrounds and adding effects to images and text. They learned to produce the different elements of a magazine from their preliminary task to the full product.
Audience theories
The document discusses several audience theories that can be applied to analyzing the effectiveness of a music magazine, including identification, uses and gratifications, two-step flow, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Identification theory suggests media can provide stress relief. Uses and gratifications theory proposes media satisfies needs for entertainment, information, identity, and social interaction. Two-step flow theory involves opinion leaders influencing passive audiences. Maslow's hierarchy prioritizes self-actualization and creativity fitting the intended audience of the magazine.
The hypodermic needle model
The document discusses the Hypodermic Needle Model theory which suggests that media directly influences viewers in an unmediated way (1). It provides examples of how this theory can apply to television advertising, music, and magazines (2). Specifically, TV ads may subconsciously influence viewers to purchase a product, songs used in ads can create associations that drive game sales, and magazine covers featuring celebrities can attract new readers among fans (3).
Q5 pp
The document discusses how the author addressed their niche and sophisticated audience for a music magazine. They analyzed both active and passive audience theories. For active theories, they discussed how opinion leaders in the target audience of young reformers and music journalists could influence others (Two Step Flow Theory). They also discussed how the magazine provides entertainment, information, a way for readers to relate to artists, and topics to discuss with others (Uses and Gratifications Theory). It also allows readers to fulfill their needs like morality and creativity (Hierarchy of Needs Theory). For passive theories, it discusses how the magazine can repeat its ideology over time to influence readers, though the active audience may question ideas (Culmination Theory).
Factual pp
The document discusses practicing an interview with a student to gain experience for when interviewing a specialist for their fanzine, noting that the interviewee was knowledgeable about their topic and answered questions thoroughly, and that follow-up questions allowed for more in-depth answers and approaching questions from different angles.
Factual pp
The document discusses practicing an interview with a student to gain experience for when interviewing a specialist for their fanzine, noting that the interviewee was knowledgeable about their topic and answered questions thoroughly, and that follow-up questions allowed for more in-depth answers and different approaches to questions. Conducting the practice interview helped the interviewer learn what works well and what does not work as well when interviewing.
Factual pp
The document outlines an interview opportunity with Jo Ward, a trauma specialist of 37 years, to discuss mental health topics like trauma, causes of mental health issues, where to get help, and Ward's interest in the
Audience theory
The document discusses theories of audience analysis by various scholars such as Burton, Hartley, and Fiske for identifying and segmenting target audiences. It applies these theories to plan a music magazine aimed at urban teenagers and young adults, especially males interested in genres like grime and rap. Key factors for analyzing the target audience discussed are gender, age, education, region, and interests.
Passive audiences
The document discusses the Hypodermic Needle theory, which held that mass media had a direct and powerful effect on passive audiences. It defines a passive audience as one that is influenced by external forces from media conglomerates. The theory is applied to suggest music videos impart hegemonic ideals to passive viewers, telling them what to accept without question. The document advises analyzing one's own music video to identify what passive messages and representations are being promoted to audiences.
Presentation2
The document discusses several theories related to film directors, genres, audiences, and media reception:
1) The auteur theory argues that directors impose their personal vision through stylistic elements like camera work. Hitchcock is cited as an example who featured creative techniques.
2) Genre theory categorizes media based on shared iconography and cultural values. Genres help audiences decide what to watch and evolve over time with changing conventions.
3) Audience theories range from the effects model where messages are passively received, to uses and gratifications where audiences actively seek pleasures, to reception theory where messages can be interpreted differently.
Question 2
The magazine represents an indie audience that enjoys trendy but rough fashion, attending live music gigs, and socializing. Photographs in the magazine feature models that fit this target audience and their generally subdued facial expressions. The text uses slang terms indie fans would recognize to engage them, and photos include props like guitars that are fashion statements within indie culture and represent the music genre central to the audience.
Presentation2
The document discusses several theories related to film direction, genres, audiences, and media reception:
- The auteur theory argues that directors impose their personal vision through consistent creative choices like camera work. Genre theory categorizes films based on shared iconography and cultural values.
- Audience theories range from the "effects model" where media directly influences passive audiences, to uses and gratifications where active audiences use media for needs like escapism.
- Reception theory holds that media texts are encoded with meanings that audiences may decode differently by accepting, negotiating, or opposing the intended meanings. Identification theory proposes audiences find stress relief by identifying with media characters.
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ุงูู_ุฏุฑุฎ
3- ุฏูุฉ ุงููุชุงุจุฉ ูุงูุตูุฑ ุนุงููุฉ ุฌุฏุงู ุฌุฏุงู ุฌุฏุงู
4- ูููุงูู ุจุนุถ ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุชู
ุชูุถูุญูุง ุจุดูู ุชูุตููู ุฌุฏุงู (ุชูุนุชุจุฑ ูุฏู ุงูุทุงูุจ ุฃู ุงูุทุงูุจุฉ ุจุฅููุง ู
ุนููู
ุงุช ู
ูุจูู
ุฉ ูู
ุน ุฐูู ุชู
ุชูุถูุญ ูุฐูู ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูู
ูุจูู
ุฉ ุจุดูู ุชูุตููู ุฌุฏุงู
5- ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ ุชุดุฑุญ ููุณูุง ุจ ููุณูุง ุจุณ ุชููู ุชุนุงู ุงูุฑุงูู
6- ุชุญุชูู ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ ูู ุงูู ุณูุงูุฏ ุนูู ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุชุชุถู
ู ุฌู
ูุน ุชูุฑูุนุงุช ู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูููููู ุงูู
ุฐููุฑุฉ ูู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ
ูุงุฎูุฑุงู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ ุญูุงูู ุนูููู
ูุฅุชู
ูู ู
ููู
ุฅู ุชุฏุนููู ุจุงูุฎูุฑ ูุงูุตุญุฉ ูุงูุนุงููุฉ ููุท
ูู ุงูุชูููู ุฒู
ูุงุฆู ูุฒู
ููุงุชู ุ ุฒู
ูููู
ู
ุญู
ุฏ ุงูุฐูุจู ๐๐
๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
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๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
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- 1. *
- 2. * *The Hypodermic Needle is the theory that things in the media (adverts, magazines, TV, film) suggest a subtle message to an audiences consciousness in an unmediated way; so much so they donโt even notice that they are being suggested anything. Passive spectatorship falls heavily under this theory, if fans of a certain media they can be subconsciously be forced to buy a certain product because it is from something they like and donโt even know it is happening (they think it is their own pre meditated mind).
- 3. * *For example in a magazine that mentions a popular culture reference, so for example they use a (apparent) popular band with a big fan base like One direction in the front cover or as a title to bait in that fan base towards their magazine without them fully understanding why; passive spectatorship influences the hypodermic needle theory heavily because of this.
- 4. * *Music can also do this as well, songs can mention certain things like a product or item that will subconsciously suggest to a listener that they need to go out and buy the object that was mentioned, for example Kanye West is a good exampled of this, one of his songs was played over an aftershave advert and whenever someone hears the song (who has also seen the advert) will instantly begin to think of the advert and may drive them to want to not only buy the song; but also buy the aftershave too.