Anatomy

1. The hyoid bone
Dr. Muhammad Mustafa
Lectrure Anatomy NCS University System (DHS) , Peshawar
DPT, KMU (IPMR), Peshawar
facebook.com/ Muhammad Mutafa

3. • It is a u shaped bone
• Situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the
thyroid caartilage.
• At rest it lies at the level of the 3rd cervical vertebra behind and the base of
the mandible in front.
• It is kept in suspended postion by muscles and ligaments
• It provides attachment to the floor of the mouth and to the tongue above,
to the larynx below and the epiglottis and the phraynx behind
• It consists of central part called the body, and two pairs of cornua,greater
and lesser.

5. The body
• It has anterior and posterior surfaces ,and upper
and lower borders.
• The anterior surface is convex and is directed
forwards and upwards.it is often divided by a
median ridge into two halves.
• The posterior surface in concave and is directed
backwards and downwards.
• Each lateral end is continous posteriorly with the
greater horn or cornua.
• Till middle life this connection between the body
and greater cornua is fibrous.

6. The greater cornua
• These are flatenned from above
downwards.each cornua tapers posteriorly ,but
ends in a tubercle.
• it has two surfaces Upper and lower
• Two borders medial and lateral and a tubercle.

7. The lesser cornua
• These are small conical pieces of bone which
project upwards from the junction of the body
and greater cornua.
• The lesser cornua are connected to the body of
fibrous tissue .
• Occasionally they are connected to the greater
cornua by synovial joints which usually persist
throughout life but may get ankylosed

10. attachments
• Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
• Hypoglossus
• Thyrohyoid membrane

11. • Anterior surface provides insertion to the geniohyoid and mylohyoid
muscles
• Gives origin to a part of the hypoglossus which extends to greater cornua
• The upper border of body provides insertion to the lower fibres of the
genioglossi and attachment to the thyrohyoid membrane
• The lower border of the body provides attachment to the pretracheal fascia
.in front of the fascia ,the sternohyoid is inserted medially and the
omohyoid laterally
• Below the omohyoid there is the linear attachment of the
thyrohyoid,extedning back to the lower border of the greater cornua.
• The medial border of the greater cornua provides attachment to they
thyrohyoid membrane ,stylohyoid muscle and diagetric pulley
• The lateral border of the greater cornua provides insertion to the
thyrohyoid muscle anteriorly.the investing fascia is attached throughout
length.

16. Clinical anatomy
• In a suspected case of murder
,fracture of the hyoid bone strongly
indicates throtting and strangulation .