The document is a newsletter from The Holography Times that discusses various news and developments related to the holography industry. It includes articles about anti-counterfeiting solutions using holograms for events like the 2010 FIFA World Cup and targeting the pharmaceutical industry in India. It also discusses using holograms to celebrate successes, new hologram technologies, and interviews the managing director of Holoflex about the company's experience in the hologram industry. The newsletter aims to share information and create a forum for exchanging knowledge about all aspects of holography.

1. The Holography Times
Endeavour to safe guard products & people
September 2008 Vol II Issue IV www.homai.org
SPECIAL REPORT
Source: www.ihma.org
Hologram: The first line of defence in the war on
PHARMA COUNTERFEITING
The Holography Times is a quarterly newsletter published by HoMAI
TM
ALSO
Anti-counterfeiting solutions for FIFA 2010 • 3M targets Indian pharma industry • Using holograms
to celebrate success • Face to face with Mr. Manoj Kochar - MD, Holoflex • Holographic optical
elements • Review on HOLOPACK-HOLOPRINT 2008 • Industry updates and more...

2. The Holography Times In this issue
News Bytes 3-5
Corporate News 6
INTERVIEW MANOJ KOCHAR
The managing
director of Holoflex
speaks about his
experience in
Hologram Industry 7
MARKETER’S SPEAKS
Ian Lancaster, General
Secretary of IHMA,
specialist analysts &
consultant in
holography describes
9
how holograms is
helping on pharma anti-counterfeiting
Holographic optical element; New
master replicating technology...11
02 www.homai.org Editorial
Tribute 14
Patent News 14
Events & Conferences 15
Holopack Holoprint Review 15
Dear Readers,
e are delighted to share with you our quarterly newsletter The
Holography Times. With its many applications, holography is one of
W
the most interesting developments in modern optics. This newsletter is
being designed to not only share with you learning’s from the world of
holography, but also to keep you informed of growth and achievements in
the domestic and international arena.
Worldwide counterfeiting has emerged as the fastest growing
business, estimated to $ 600 billion every year. In this situation,
when at least 5-7 Percent of world trade is counterfeited, it impacts
governments and society at large. But this figure would be even
higher, if Holography would not have come to rescue, whether it
would be about safe guarding sports events like the FIFA world cup or
about saving peoples lives by protecting pharma drugs. In this issue of
Holography times, we bring to you several facets of developmental
activity and latest happenings through our section on News Bytes.
Youwill also be happy to know that every issue ofThe Holography Times will
now cover a special report section, addressing a particular sector. It will
further discuss the application of holograms as the most effective way for
protecting products and enhancing authenticity in that sector. This issue has
a very important offering for our readers in the form of a special report titled
"Holograms-The first line of defence in the war on pharma
counterfeiting"
. A must-read for all members! This issue also includes
interviews of industry leaders, marketer's views, technology read on
embossing technique, industry news&updates amongmanyothers.
The objective of this newsletter is to create a forum for exchange of
information on all aspects of holography. We are sure, that going ahead,
with your suggestions, we can achieve this common goal. We appreciate
your feedback and value your suggestions.
Will be back with more insightful and informative articles!
Happy reading!
TeamHomai
Alert of the Issue 8

3. The Holography Times News Bytes
Anti-Counterfeiting solution
for 2010 World Cup
fter its success with the 2006 FIFA
AWorld Cup licensing programme, De
La Rue Holographics has been reselected to
provide a secure anti-counterfeit solution to
protect FIFA's official licensed merchandise,
including products for the 2010World Cup in
SouthAfrica.
The tags will appear on clothing and
merchandise to make it easy for football
fans to identify original official products.
The solution, which will be deployed
globally, incorporates an easy to
authenticate holographic label and
holographic swing tag with SLSNet, an
online ordering and tracking system. The
new FIFA holograms integrate advanced
design techniques with De La Rue’ latest
hologram technology.
The association is currently setting up a
network of globally branded stores in
preparation for the tournament. The quality
seals produced by De La Rue make it easy for
any supporter to identify the original official
items, while guaranteeing the integrity of the
licensing programme worldwide.
De La Rue marketing communications
manager Clare Walsh said: "The tags are a
three-pronged prevention measure for
counterfeiting. The public can identify them
in stores; FIFA officials can check them in
stores; and forensic workers can check
authenticity in the lab.”
De La Rue is the world largest commercial
security printer and papermaker. De La Rue
holograms are used in 40 different currencies
& more than 95 different banknote
denominations. De La Rue is also accredited
to produce the VISA dove holograms and is
involved in the production of over 150
national currencies and a wide range of
security documents.
Source:www.delarue.com
The solution,
which will be
deployed globally,
incorporates an
easy to
authenticate
holographic
label and
holographic swing
tag with SLSNet,
an online ordering
and tracking
system
Belarus to develop cooperation
in hologram production
In Belarus this
technology is
used for
popularization of
art objects and in
decoration. The
main area of
application, however, is
protecting securities
from forgery, Mikhail
Myasnikovich
underlined
Mikhail Myasnikovich
elarus is going to develop cooperation
Bwith the international organizations in
hologram production, Chairman of the
Presidium of the National Academy of
Sciences (NAS) of Belarus, Mikhail
Myasnikovich stated at a meeting with Gen
Secretary of the International Hologram
Manufacturers Association (IHMA), Ian
Lancaster on September 5, 2008.
Mikhail Myasnikovich noted that“Worldwide
holography is used for protection and is also
applied in other areas of the national economy.
In Belarus this technology is used for
popularization of art objects and in decoration.
The main area of application, however, is
protecting securities from forgery.
IHMA Head Ian Lancaster noted that “We
are greatly interested in cooperation with
Belarusian scientists and hologram
manufacturers”.
This association intends to discuss the
cooperation areas in this sector with
scientific and commercial organizations of
Belarus. The two sides also considered an
opportunity of holding a similar international
conference e.g. Holopack-Holoprint in
Minsk, discussing a long-term hologram
development strategy.
Source:www.belisa.org
www.homai.org 03

4. News Bytes
3M targets Indian pharma with
range of counterfeit solutions
www.homai.org The Holography Times 04 3M Security Systems Division, a leading provider of
innovative solutions, is aggressively targeting the
pharmaceutical sector to solve a wide range of security
problems. Out of the $50 billion pharma counterfeit market,
35 per cent of the detected cases originate from India.
According to the European Commission report, “India tops
in counterfeit medicines followed by the United Arab
Emirates and China”. Together, the three countries account
for more than 80 per cent of all counterfeit medicines.
The company's security systems division has been a market
leader for over 35 years combining multiple 3M technologies
in material science and adhesive state-of-the-art equipment to
provide customers with unique anti -counterfeiting solutions
i.e. anti-counterfeit labeling solutions, security laminates,
border control management systems and document
authentication systems.
The company's offering for the pharma sector covers retro
reflective technologies, clear 2 cyan, confirm floating image
technologies and tamper label available in the form of
labels, rolls for online and offline application. These
patented products involve complex technology which is
impossible to copy and tamper. The retroreflective
authentication products use holography and patented,
proprietary retroreflective technology to deliver a secure,
visually attractive solution. It combines authenticated overt
and covert security features. The overt security is a unique,
black hologram. The covert security utilizes retroreflective
technology to reflect a secure covert image when
illuminated with a focused light source.
These products can be applied on any kind of packaging
substrate such as blister, aluminum, shrink sleeve, paper
carton etc and come in the various forms and sizes.
Pricing for the security products would depend on the levels
of customization on the labels and the size of the labels.
Indian pharma companies have made losses of around 4 to 5
per cent annually due to drug product counterfeiting.
Beginning to realize the loss incurred with counterfeits,
companies are allocating separate budgets for product
security spends, said Ravi C Chandwani, General Manager,
Security Systems Division, 3M.
Source:www.pharmabiz.com
“Out of the $50 billion pharma counterfeit
market, 35 per cent of the detected cases of
counterfeits originate from India”
Using hologram for celebrating success
olography is helping companies in celebrating their
Hanniversary or success on a grand scale. This year two
major companies celebrated in style, one being a cigarette
manufacturers&the other a fashion magazine.
Imperial Tobacco developed a special edition holographic
pack of Lambert&Butler to mark the cigarette marquee's 10
years as the UK's biggestFMCGbrand.
A range of holographic cartons were designed with
rotogravure printing technology and in-line embossing,
cutting and creasing had been used with a registered
holographic laminate.
Last year too, Hong Kong post celebrated the Hong Kong
special administrative region's 10th anniversary by issuing a
set of six special stamps and a hologram stamp sheetlet.
This year a revolutionary Esquire magazine cover had an
inset that electrically sorts tiny black or white capsules to
read, “The 21st century begins now” as the magazine's 75th
anniversary cover. A list of the 21st century's 75 most
influential people highlights the issue.
special edition holographic pack of
Lambert & Butler

5. The Holography Times News Bytes
“Holographic Proof of Address”
for Chennai residents
The Postal Department will soon
issue ‘Proof of Address’ cards to
residents of Chennai, according to
Chennai City Region Postmaster
General M.S. Ramanujam. After
launching new services at the
Mylapore Post Office, he said the
project was being implemented on a
trial basis in Chennai, to be followed by
other centres.
These cards would not replace
a n y o f t h e e x i s t i n g
identification cards. The
objective is that they are trying
to help people coming into the
city on transfers and those
seeking jobs. Most of them find
it difficult to produce a proof of
address and thus this card will
enable them to open a bank
account, buy mobile phones,
apply f o r a telephone
connection and ration card
among other things. The
tamper-proof, laminated card is
valid for three years and will
carry India Post’s hologram.
The postal department will
charge Rs. 210 (US $ 5) per
card. The card will be issued
only to those who opt for it.
Mr. Ramanujam said these
cards would be issued only by
the Postmaster of Head Post
Office. It would be issued
within 10 days from the date of
application. The services of
postman and beat inspector
would be roped in to check the
credentials of the applicant. “It
can’t be misused. If the
applicant changes the location,
we will cancel the card.We are
also ready to provide the
database to investigating
agencies, if need be,” he added.
Source: www.hindu.com
www.homai.org 05

6. Corporate News
www.homai.org The Holography Times Gopsons Papers Ltd. inks
Holoflex’s commitment
to excellence
joint venture with Data
enhanced by
Trace DNA Proprietary Ltd.
environmental
opsons Papers Ltd. one of the most technological
G advanced security printers in India have recently inked
protection measures! a joint venture with Data Trace DNA Proprietary Ltd. for
promoting & marketing the Data Trace Tracer technology.
oloflex ltd, a pioneer company in security
The Data Trace is owned and funded by the Australian
Government's owned&research development organization.
Hhologram and brand protection, reports that
its manufacturing facility at Salt Lake has been
Datatrace DNA uses an exceedingly durable forensic
awarded an ISO 14001:2004 certificate. The
marker system to provide a tracking and authentication for
company is a founder member of Hologram
the protection of brands, industrial products, and bulk
Manufacturers Association of India and a full
materials. The tracers are written in special algorithm
member of I n t e r n a t i o n a l Hologram
which can only be deciphered by a special authenticator.
ManufacturersAssociation.
The tracers have unique characteristics similar to the
ISO 14001 is a voluntary environmental
humanDNA,which is used for the forensic analysis.
management system which requires constant
The tracer can be used with almost all substrates like, paper,
commitment to environment planning and
fiber, glass, metal, adhesives, polymers, and chemicals etc.
improvement.
With its extreme capabilities, the tracer is probably the only
It provides potential and existing customers with
tracer to withstand temperature as high as 1000 Celsius
the assurance that Holoflex is dedicated to
apart from resistance to all most all chemical. With its
improving the quality of the environment. ISO
unique properties it is extensively used for asset
14001 shows that Holoflex has an effective
identification & in Industries like printing, paints, paper,
environmental management system in place to
tax stamps, chemical, explosives, fiber, bulk material like
protect both man and the environment from the
cement, powders etc.
potential impact of its manufacturing activities
With this venture, Gopsons has become the official forensic
while helping to maintain and to improve the
laboratory for the Data Trace DNA to provide forensic
overall quality.
analysis. Gopsons aims to promote the tracer in the Defense
Manoj Kochar, Holoflex Managing Director, said
Industry, Brand Protection & IP Protection and the entire
"We decided to introduce and implement ISO
supply chain of the bulk materials.
14001:2004 to ensure greater consistency and to
foster among Holoflex team members an attitude to
continual search for improvement in our
environmental protection performance”. This helps
Track-Pack becomes
us to develop, manufacture and market products that
are sage for their intendeduse, efficient intheir useof
energyandprotectiveof theenvironment.
Kantas Track Pack
Holoflex has achieved full compliance with ISO
rack-Pack India Ltd has now becomes Kantas
T14001:2004 environemntal management system
Track Pack India Ltd.Kantas Track-Pack is among
standard on 29April 2008. For more information,
one of premier Hologram Companies in India and are a
contact at manoj@holoflex.com
part of the KANTAS group. Track-Pack a founder
member of HoMAI & has been manufacturing
Corrigendum:
holograms since 1998. For more information, contact
We apologies and state that in our last issue the details of
at: tpiltd@airtelbroadband.in
Shriram Veritech Solutions Pvt Ltd were incorrect. The correct
contact details are info@veritechindia.com
06

7. The Holography Times Know Your Member
Face to Face with Mr. Manoj Kochar
A Commerce Graduate from St. Xavier College, Mr. Manoj Kochar is behind
the fastest growing hologram company in India. In a interview with our
correspondent, he brief us about his company’s key success and share his
experience in Hologram Industry.
Mr. Manoj Kochar, MD, Holoflex
HT: Can you please brief us a bit more about you & your
company,HOLOFLEX?
Holoflex is a 17 year old company, one of the oldest in this
business in India. We have a state-of-the-art
manufacturing facility at Kolkata. We are an ISO
9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004 certified unit. Holoflex
has always strived to innovate and provide our customers
with customized security solutions. We have had the
honour of our work being appreciated and awarded at
various fora, including the International Hologram
Manufacturers Association Award for the Best Hologram
Label that we won for two consecutive years - for 2003 at
Vancouver Canada, and again for 2004, at Prague Czech
republic. HoMAI, our Indian Association and Label
Manufacturers Association have also conferred upon us a
host of awards over the last several years.
HT: What made you interested to be part of Holography
Industry?
Around 1991, we were planning to enter the printing and
packaging business, and were introduced to the security
hologram technology that was being looked upon as a very
exciting new technology in theUSAand Europe.We felt that
this technology was perhaps more apt in our markets, and
decided to enter this business.
HT: As you always say “Holoflex is the fastest growing
hologram company in India”? What has been the key to
this success?
Well, this is anAward that has been conferred upon us by
HoMAI for the last two years in a row, and we are very
elated and humbled at the same time. We would love to
do a hat-trick!!
There are several reasons for this success - first and foremost
our committed team that always rises to the occasion to
innovate and deliver a product that meets the customer
requirements, and then - some good fortune, unstinted
customer support and some bit of hard work as well!!
HT: As we all knows, margins are going down in every
industry these days? What do you think the scope of Indian
hologram industry, at such situation?
Margins go down in any growing industry and our industry
cannot be an exception. The going down of margins may
not always be a bad thing, because the volumes are
growing too. I think the Indian hologram industry is at
crossroads. The industry needs to decide whether it wants
to sell on price alone or does itwant to innovate and deliver
superior products that enhance the value proposition to the
customer. Having said that, we also realize that there will
always be some customers who will buy on price alone,
but then there are so many others who are willing to pay a
reasonable price for a security product that offers
increased value to them. All the players in the industry
need to decide on their positioning - whether they are
selling on price or security value. To my mind one thing is
very clear - at least for the foreseeable future the hologram
will remain a key overt feature in most security solutions.
This is an edge that the hologram industry must maintain.
India is still growing and will keep doing so for the next
several years, and our industry will also get plenty of
opportunities to grow.
HT: Globally, lot of research and developments is going in
Holography industry. Where do you feel HOLOFLEX to
be part of this development?
Any industry that does not invest in R&D will lose its
relevance, and our hologram industry is no different.We are
alsoworking in this direction and investing in new equipment
and technologies that will hopefully enable us to at leastmeet,
if not exceed our customers' future expectations.
HT: Are you also looking out diversifying into some other
industries? Down line after 5 years where will you see
HOLOFLEX?
We are diversifying into printing industry, and more than
diversification it is actually an extension of what we are
doing, as we foresee a distinct trend toward merging of
holography with other print and security print
technologies.We are preparing ourselves for this and will
continually invest in allied technologies. Five years down
the line I hope to see Holoflex as a company known the
world over for our customer-centric approach, for our
innovative abilities, and last but not the least, a responsible
corporate citizen.
www.homai.org 07

8. Alert of the Issue The Holography Times
Pharma Counterfeiting
08 www.homai.org Counterfeit drugs are drugs that are sold as legitimate brand name medicines but
have been created without the authority of the brand owner. They have no active
ingredient or is an expired drug that been re-labelled and sold. Their active ingredients
are usually fraudulently diluted, adulterated or substituted.
Sales of counterfeit drugs are estimated at $ 50 billion a year World Health
Organisation (WHO).
10-30%of all medicines in developing countries are feared to be counterfeits(WHO).
In India it is 4 percent according to WHO and 5 percent according to health
ministry of India.
India: Biggest culprit of fake drug manufacture.
According to a report released by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD), 75 percent of fake drugs supplied world over have some
origins in India, followed by 7 per cent from Egypt and 6 per cent from China.
50 percent of pharmaceutical drugs sold over the Internet without a prescription are
believed to be counterfeit (Reuter).
Most counterfeit drug includesViagra,Lipitor,Tamiflu,Ambien andDiflucan.
Viagra remains the world most counterfeit drug. Pfizer losses sales of $ 2 billion a
year inViagra alone.
Estimated death from counterfeit drugs vary from ten thousand to more than
200,000 every year.
Lethal market for counterfeits is growing at the rate of 25 percent annually
(ASSOCHAM).
Main factors for the growth of the industry :Weak drug regulation, weaknesses in
enforcement of existing regulations and lenient punishment for counterfeiters.
Methods for success of Anti counterfeiting market: Full cooperation between drug
regulatory authorities, law enforcement agencies, manufacturers, association of
pharmacists and consumers.
Source:bloomberg.com
FIRST IN
HOLOGRAPHY
Glaxo was the first company to
use a tamper evident hologram
to seal packs of ZANTAC (the
trade name for the anti-ulcer
medication ranitidine) in 1989.
Zantac was the world's single
largest-selling prescription
drug with sales exceeding $ 2.5
billion in 1989. In 1994,
Zantac generated $3.6 billion
in sales, $2.1 billion of that in
the USA.
FIRST
IN
INDIA
Again in 2003, Glaxo
S m i t h k l i n e C o n s u m e r
Healthcare Ltd (GSKCH) an
I n d i a n a s s o c i a t e o f
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) was
the first company to use a 3-D
hologram on its popular
medicine CROCIN. It is the
first and only analgesic /
antipyretic brand in India with
a sophisticated 3-D hologram.
Source:www.tribuneindia.com

9. The Holography Times Alert of the Issue
Hologram: The first line of defence in the
war on pharma counterfeiting
Fighting the war on counterfeiting is a seemingly endless one for the pharmaceutical industry. The
World Health Organisation estimates that annual earnings from the global sales of counterfeit and
substandard medicines are over $32 billion. And the cost of counterfeiting doesn't finish there. The
negative impact on a company's image can be immeasurable as high quality reproductions have made
it virtually impossible for even the most trained eye to distinguish the genuine from the fake.
However, the hologram has emerged over the last 25 years to become one of the most effective anti-counterfeiting
International Hologram Manufacturers' Association (IHMA), examines the role of this versatile technology.
The counterfeit threat
and security measures available. Here, Ian Lancaster, general secretary of the
Sophisticated replication techniques
have made counterfeiting and fraud a
serious threat to the pharmaceutical
i n d u s t r y. The Wo r l d He a l t h
Organization(WHO) estimates that
annual earnings from the global sales of
counterfeit and substandard medicines
are over $32 billion.
Both drugs and packaging are
counterfeited, putting people’s lives at
risk. The diversion of legitimate
p r o d u c t o u t s i d e a u t h o r i s e d
distribution channels is another
problem. In response to this, many of
the world’s leading pharmaceutical
companies have directed their efforts
towards authenticating t h e i r
packaging as part of the process of
protecting their products. As a result,
diffractive optically variable devices
– referred to generically as holograms
– have become one of the most
widely-used overt authentication
features on pharmaceutical products
around theworld.
Holograms as a solution
Holograminitiatives
Since Glaxo first used a tamper-evident
hologram to seal packs of Zantac in
1989, holograms have been taken up in
a big way by the whole industry. Many
major drug companies use holograms
on at least some of their medicines in
selected markets and they are used in
the form of labels, seals, hot stamped
patches and blister-foils.
The ability of the hologram to provide
effective protection lies in the
continuous innovation, invention and
evolution in holographic techniques
that have succeeded in creating
increasingly complex devices that are
easily recognised yet difficult to copy
accurately. The evolving role of the
hologram has also been accompanied
by the increased use of the security
device in combination with other
authentication technologies. In such
solutions holograms often provide
overt first line authentication, while
covert features such as scrambled
images, micro text, UV-sensitive or
other specialist inks provide second
line authentication for trained
examiners equipped with the
appropriate decoding equipment.
Another trend has seen the serialisation
of holograms as part of systems that
combine authentication wi t h
traceability. So called ‘track-and-trace’
systems link on-pack security devices
with database management and field
tracking services. In this way, the
a b i l i t y t o k n o w w h e r e a
pharmaceuticals consignment has
been, where it is now and where it is
heading has become a fundamental part
of many drugs companies’ production
and logistical operations. This is
particularly important where the ability
to identify the source and provenance
of products is becoming a mandatory
requirement, as it is in the US with the
FDA’s requirements for pedigree.
While the US Congress is currently
considering making the use of security
marking on some pharmaceutical
products mandatory, using ‘overt
optically variable counterfeit resistant
technologies’ to protect consumers
from fakes, the hologram is already
specified as the authentication feature
on the world’s only statutory
pharmaceutical marking scheme – the
Meditag programme in Malaysia.
This initiative requires all registered
medicines, OTC pharmaceuticals
and traditional medicines to carry a
uniquely numbered label which is
built around a hologram. The system
is supervised by a central authority
controlling the issue of tags and
training inspectors to examine
holograms through the distribution
chain.
Since its introduction this system has
led to a significant increase in the
identification and confiscation of
illegal items from the market as well as
www.homai.org 09

10. of the Issue The Holography Times preventing their entry into distribution
channels. As a result, consumer
confidence in the integrity of
pharmaceuticals has increased and
public health has been safeguarded.
10 www.homai.org Alert More recently, the National Agency for
Food Drug Administration and
Control in Nigeria (NAFDAC) has also
announced that it is planning to
introduce uniquely numbered
holographic labels to be used on all
licensed medicines distributed in the
country. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the
success and near ubiquitous use of
holograms in anti-counterfeiting
applications has inevitably led to
attempts to copy or replicate them.
However, the intrinsic features of
holograms mean that the techniques
and visual effects make it very difficult
to copy a properly conceived and
executed authentication hologram with
one hundred per cent accuracy.
Historically, holograms have
succeeded in doing their job. They have
proved to be extremely difficult to copy
accurately and, invariably, while the
product and packaging they protect
may have been counterfeited, the lower
quality copy of the hologram has
typically been the feature that has
demonstrated that it is a counterfeit. In
this way, the hologram serves as an
effective detection feature when
sophisticated criminals have the
resources to reproduce packaging that
is barely distinguishable from the
genuine article – the same cannot be
said of the fake holograms.
The situation involving Artesunate, an
important antimalarial treatment, is
often quoted as an example. It is
reported that over half of the sales of
this drug in South East Asia are fake,
despite the blister pack incorporating a
hologram. What is evident is that,
despite the fact that the hologram used
is relatively simple and has been used in
its unchanged form for several years,
the fake holograms are identifiable as
such. The problem is that in a region of
low rural literacy, very high poverty
and very poor drug regulation, and
where medicines are sold in street
markets and non-specialist shops, most
buyers and users of Artesunate see a
hologram and think this means that the
medicine is genuine.
TheArtesunate case is a classic example
of how not to manage a hologram
authentication programme on a brand of
medicine. The hologram has not been
redesigned since it was first introduced,
and insufficient attention was paid to the
distribution, examination and
purchasing patterns in the region.
In contrast, there are many examples of
how holograms continue to provide a
successful and vital detection function
in pharmaceutical anti-counterfeiting
strategies. In all these cases, it is widely
understood by those involved that
formal inspection of the hologram
provides the quickest way to identify a
fake product, even if this then needs to
be supported by forensic examination.
Importantly, as well as understanding
the need to invest in the creation of a
properly designed secure hologram,
those pharmaceutical companies and
organisations involved in successful
anti-counterfeiting efforts also
recognise that it should not be the sole
responsibility of the consumer to
examine a hologram to check that the
product is genuine.
Rather than rely on untrained members
of the public to identify counterfeits, it
must be the primary responsibility of
manufacturers and the enforcement
agencies to ensure that fake
pharmaceuticals should not be able to
enter the legitimate supply chain in the
first place. This is why successful brand
protection programmes now involve
forma l examination and inspection
systems at different stages in the
distribution network.
The holographic industry is
working hard to destroy the myth
that sophisticated holograms cannot
be counterfeited; anything can be
counterfeited, the question is how
well, and this is where the real value
of holograms should be appreciated.
The evolving anti-counterfeiting
role of holograms lies in their
ability to combine authentication
with detection – and this is why the
more enlightened pharmaceuticals
companies and enforcement
agencies continue to make them an
integral part of modern anti-counterfeiting
strategies.
The real thing?
Conclusion
Historically, holograms have succeeded in doing their job. They have proved to be extremely
difficult to copy accurately and, invariably, while the product and packaging they protect may have
been counterfeited, the lower quality copy of the hologram has typically been the feature that has
demonstrated that it is a counterfeit. In this way, the hologram serves as an effective detection
feature when sophisticated criminals have the resources to reproduce packaging that is barely
distinguishable from the genuine article – the same cannot be said of the fake holograms.

11. The Holography Times Technology
Holographic optical elements:
Printing technology enables HOE volume manufacturing
New master
replicating technology
that borrows
concepts from the
printing industry
enables volume
production of
holographic optical
elements for
applications in
general and backlit
illumination, displays,
and automotive LED-based
optics.
Evgeni Poliakov and Leo
Katsenelenson
function like standard lenses,
gratings, or mirrors, and they are
lightweight and do not require precise
surface machining.
Unfortunately, the development of
many obvious applications for HOEs,
such as three-dimensional (3-D)
visualization, 3-D cinema, or 3-D
displays has been hampered for many
years. There are two reasons that
holography and HOEs have found a
limited range of applications that are
generally restricted to medicine,
museum pictorials, or one-shot
visualization objects: cost and
complexity. But if you could make a
perfect master hologram, a mother of
all the others, the master HOE could be
replicated numerous times without
going through the same development
cycle, saving time and reducing costs.
Currently, Luminit (Torrance, CA) is
using t h i s master hologram
methodology to develop custom
holographic products; in particular,
optical films and diffusers.
HOE science
This unique and rather peculiar way of
reproducing objects that are no longer
there (that is, during playback the laser
beam illuminates the interference
fringes) is based on retrieval of phase
and amplitude information, which
uniquely represents the original object.
To preserve the phases of the scattered
fields, a photosensitive medium is
insensitive to the phase and reacts to
light intensity. That is what made
Dennis Gabor's invention unique: using
a second illumination beam along with
an object beam allows the beams to
interfere so that the interference pattern
can be recorded. As long as the
interference pattern is preserved, the
phase information is preserved and the
object can be reconstructed.
Overcoming Limitations
Methods for storing and reproducing
optical information have greatly
boosted interest in holographic
products. Indeed, because they are
diffractive in nature (with feature size
approximately 0.1λ to 10λ, where λ
is the recording wavelength),
holographic optical elements (HOEs)
offer several types of optical
functionality. Instead of bending light
by curvature and shape, as in the case
of typical optical elements such as
lenses, HOEs diffract light waves by
using a corresponding material profile
to make new waves. These HOEs can
Optical holography, invented by
Dennis Gabor in the 1940s, deals with
the recording of scattered optical fields
from objects. Derived from Greek for
science of writing, holography and
the holographic recording process
produces holograms or HOEs. These
HOEs are typically made by the
interference of a reference beam
(usually a laser) and an illumination
beam (scattered by an object). The
resultant two-dimensional (2-D)
picture--the hologram--is stored on a
photographic film, photoresist
material, charge-coupled device
(CCD), or is generated numerically.
The hologram is essentially a collection
of interference fringes obtained during
exposure of the photosensitive medium
to a high-low intensity profile. During
playback, the laser light diffracts on the
fringes, and the object is reconstructed.
Holography has been perceived as an
interesting science but a rather complex
and nonapplicable technology,
especially in terms of high-volume
manufacturing. Considering the typical
drawbacks associated with using a
standard holographic lab such as high
material costs, operation in a dark,
vibration-free environment, chemical
development, materials storage, long
recording times, and demanding
requirements for uniformity, yield,
efficiency, and most importantly,
reproducibility, all of these factors can
add up to an expensive undertaking.
New technology from Luminit
borrows concepts from the printing
industry for manufacturing HOE
elements with surface microstructure
relief patterns applicable to general
and backlight illumination, display,
automotive, and light-emitting-diode
(LED)-based optics. Instead of
optimizing an optical recording in an
expensive and often futile attempt to
produce thousands of identical copies,
our HOE development plan is
different: make one good master and
replicate from it.
www.homai.org 11

12. 12 www.homai.org Technology The Holography Times Creating the master
x y x y
Replicating the master
Fabrication of the master HOE begins with an optical setup in
which the laser light--which is passed through an optical
objective and a shutter--is directed through a mid-mask
diffuser made of ground glass (see Fig. 1). The light diffracts
on the middle mask and produces secondary (scattered)
waves, which are thenmultiplexed on the surface coated with
the photoresist. The individual speckles are engineered on the
original master by exposing the photoresist to light variations
through the optical setup and a specular pattern--an ensemble
of millions of individual photoresist speckles--is obtained.
The surface profiles from specular recordings resemble a
random collection of lenslets, which are indeed the speckles
(see Fig. 2). Feature size varies from 2 to 200 μm,
depending on the specified output. Smaller, individual
features represent the larger diffraction (and scattering)
capability, while the combined microrelief surface of the
lenslet ensemble determines the final output. Control of the
HOE output (and the individual lenslet shape) is achieved
through changing the working distance f, the wavelength,
and themiddle-mask aperture.
Lenslet shape can be varied in both directions according to
δ = 2λf/h and delta = 2λf/w and where δ and δ and
are the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the speckle, δ
is the recording wavelength, f is the total focal distance, and
h and w are the geometrical parameters of the middle mask.
Such an independent control in two directions allows one to
create asymmetric illumination profiles and elliptical beam
shapes (see Fig. 3).
A photoresist is an ideal substance for making large
seamless masters that do not have any material
discontinuities. Surface patterning, achieved by recording
the light patterns onto the photoresist, is transferred onto the
masters through a multistep process, which ends with the
electroforming step. The master, made of nickel or copper,
has continuous microrelief structure along radial and
tangential directions of the cylinder.
The absence of structural discontinuities in the HOE
master is the key to fast replication manufacturing. Long
(1500 ft), wide (more than 48 in.) rolls of film can be
replicated in a web process, where an ultraviolet (UV)-
grade epoxy is distributed on a substrate and is
subsequently hardened by UV light as the seamless
metal master rolls over it. By choosing correct web speed
and UV dosage, replication from the seamless master is
smooth and defects are minimal. The advantages of the
web process are clear: fast replication speeds (up to 500
ft/min), large formats (62 in. wide) and great capacity
(up to 100 million linear feet of optical-quality films).
FIGURE1:
FIGURE2:
FIGURE 3:
An optical setup is used to fabricate holographic optical
elements (HOEs) on a photoresist.
Material surface profiles of Luminit HOEs have microrelief
patterns that result in symmetric profiles (top) and
asymmetric (elliptical) profiles (bottom).
Typical radiation patterns from beam-shaping HOEs
correspond to the microrelief patterns shown in Fig. 2.

13. The Holography Times Technology
Essentially a printing process, this method wins over
other industrial alternatives in terms of machinery cost
(hot embossing), complexity and robustness of the
process with respect to custom products (extrusion), or
size (injectionmolding).
Luminit HOEs are unique because only one beam is used to
make them compared to the standard holographical
recording process, which uses two beams. Second, the
HOEs have randomized surface structures whose optical
response (modulation transfer function) is determined by
the collection of individual lenslets of varying shapes and
sizes rather than by a periodic structure, as in the case of
bright-enhancement films produced by 3M (St. Paul, MN).
The combination of millions of lenslets determines the
output profile and optical properties, leading to very
important characteristics such as wide-band operation (300
to 1500 nm) and high transmission (see Fig. 4). Such HOEs
effectively act as high-efficiency, wide-bandpass optical
filters. They exhibit nearly zero chromatic aberration,
atypical for holographic elements that usually demonstrate
high diffraction efficiency in a narrow wavelength range.
FIGURE4:
HOEs manufactured with a roll-to-roll process have high
broadband optical transmission.
It is important to understand how an HOE obtained at aUV
laser exposure (300 nm) does not alter its properties at
near-infrared wavelengths (900 nm). The reason is that the
HOE surface is represented by a randomized picture of
different lenslets. Contributions to themodulation transfer
function come from numerous and different spatial
frequencies of individual speckles. Therefore, no matter
what the wavelength is (essentially, the playback
wavelength), there are always features of a particular size
within the master that can interact (scatter) the light most
efficiently. This is best illustrated by the master grating
equation, sineθ = mlambda/d + sineθ , that relates the
incoming light angle θ , the diffractive angle θ, and the
surface roughness, d. Different surface roughness features
(d), upon playing back (when the light falls on the HOE),
contribute to different angles, producing a controlled
angular spread (see Fig. 5). This is also the reason for
suppressed chromatic aberrations: since there are many
values of d, the sensitivity of a particular scattering angle
to thewavelength is limited.
FIGURE5:
Different surface roughness features on an HOE contribute
to different angles, producing a controlled angular spread.
The composition of different roughness features fills up the
scattering profile and is the ultimate source of suppressing
chromatic dispersion (otherwise known as wavelength
dependence).
HOEperformance
Diffusers from Luminit take the light from a source (coherent
or not) and scatter it to a particular design shape. These HOEs
are weakly diffractive elements (the light rays do not deviate
much from the original path) and therefore obey Fresnel
approximations for weakly divergent paraxial rays. They are,
however, diffractive enough to create a pleasant (to the human
eye) Gaussian-type scattering profile with wide roll-offs, or
what is known as a standard deviation. This controlled roll-off
comes from the fact that these are engineered material surfaces
in which the surface roughness, although being randomized, is
controlled during the recording process.
Holographic diffusers and directional-turning films with
high transmission make exceptional film products for
liquid-crystal and rear-projection displays, machine
vision, biomedical, aircraft, and automobile applications,
and for LED illumination. Functionalities such as
spreading light quickly to hide the source and redirecting
light toward the viewer benefit the display market.
Advantages include the simplification and cost, weight,
and size reduction of backlights, while providing
equivalents to bright-enhancement (prismatic) films with
hybrid integrated options (HOEs with extreme elliptical
angle profiles have very similar structure to bright-enhancement
films, but are less expensive). With further
commercialization of these HOEs and the applicability of
the printing-based manufacturing process to markets such
as the rapidly evolving solar-cell industry, the future will
likely see further proliferation of this technology and
manymore HOEs in production.
f 0
0 f
Source:www.laserfocusworld.com,www.luminitco.com
www.homai.org 13

14. 14 www.homai.org Tribute The Holography Times The eminent Russian gentleman and
physicist Professor YURI N DENISYUK
must be honored as one of the Pioneers of
MODERN HOLOGRAPHY. Professor
Yuri N Denisyuk was born on 1927in Sochi.
A graduate of the Leningrad Institute of
Precision Mechanics and Optics (1954), he
worked in the Vavilov State Optical Institute
for more than 40 years.
After lasers became available Denisyuk
developed volume reflection holography
rightfully also called Denisyuk
holography. Denisyuk began experiments
in interference photography in 1958 and
published his work in 1962 in the Soviet
Union. In 1962 he conceived the idea of
recording light wavefronts by interference
with a reference beam, and produced the first
reflection hologram. But his research was not
well received until the work of Leith and
Upatnieks began to generate excitement in
the late sixties.
In 1970 he was awarded the Lenin Prize and
was elected a member of the SovietAcademy
of Sciences. From the onwards, holography
(WO/2008/086795) Method for
Writing Holographic Pixels
Abstract: (EN) The invention relates
to a method for writing holographic
pixels in a holographic recordable film
(3), comprising a photo component
that can be changed photochemically
and/or photophysically by exposure,
wherein the holographic recordable
film (3) is positioned above a
reflection master (4), wherein a
primary light beam (P) is directed at
the holographic recordable film (3),
wherein the primary light beam (P)
penetrates the holographic recordable
film (3) and is reflected by the
reflection master (4) to form a
reflection light beam (R). The primary
light beam (P) and the reflection light
beam (R) interfere in the holographic
recordable film (3) within an
interference zone (10) and change the
photo component in the interference
zone to form the holographic pixel.
The method is characterized in that a
transmission hologram (6) is arranged
between the holographic recordable
film (3) and the reflection master (4)
and that the transmission hologram (6)
diffracts the primary light beam (P)
and/or the reflection light beam (R)
with the proviso that the interference
zone (10) has a larger lateral surface
area, in relation to the directions
orthogonal to the surface normal for
the holographic recordable film (3),
than in the absence of the transmission
hologram (6).
was a prominent feature of the Soviet
Union's Scientific profile, along with space
technology, nuclear power, and high-power
lasers. In addition to this honor, he received
many awards including including Banner
(1988), «Badge of Honor» (1975). the film
organization «Interkamera (1971), the
International Society for Optical
Engineering (SRIE) - Prize Gabor D. (1983),
Optical Society ofAmerica (OSA) - PrizeRV
Wood (1992), the International Publishers
Prize «Science» (1996). In 1987 he was
awarded the Grand silver medal and
honorary membership in the Royal Society
of Great Britain fotograficheskom. ctive
member of the Russian Academy of
Sciences.
His later research included work on
holograms made without a reference beam
and the recording of holographic images by
incoherent light. A great academician, an
outstanding scholar-optics, the largest
specialist in the field of holography Yuri N.
Denisyuk was died in St. Petersburg, 14 May
2006.
Professor Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk
(1927-2006)
Patent
Fig. 2

15. The Holography Times Industry Updates
Strong Indian Presence at Holo-pack Holo-print 2008
Ian M Lancaster, Reconnaissance International
All this is crammed in to four half-day sessions:
Design and production, Security holograms,
Expanding the holographic space and Emerging
technologies. On the first day, topics range from
new photopolymers, DGC mastering materials,
HIR embossing films and durable coatings to the
holograms on the Canadian dollar series, the
evolution of holographic protection for major
sporting events, data storage, customisable
micro-dot holograms, sensor holograms and
instrumental characterisation.
On the second day the emphasis switches to the
display space, with presentations on direct-write
holograms, projection systems and
autostereoscopic displays, before concluding
with a series of presentations on next-generation
developments including thermo-plastic
photosensitive materials, RFID-hologram
combinations, collectors for solar energy and
explosive holograms. The conference concludes
with a look at emerging holographic
technologies which might become important
commercial products in future.
Before the two-day plenary meeting there will be
a Workshop titled OVDs New Emerging
Optical Security Technologies, and a Short
Course on ID Documents: Overview of Current
Expectations. Led by Glenn Wood and John
Mercer respectively, their long experience and
excellent knowledge of their topics will help you
to understand competing or complementary
technologies and the important market in ID
documents.
Representatives from members of HoMAI gain
special discounts on the delegate fee. Please visit
www.holopackholoprint.info for full details and
to reserve your specially-priced delegate place,
or to book an exhibition space.
Editorial Board
Events
Calendar
The 4th China International ID,
Smart Card and Ticket Security
Anti-counterfeiting Technology
Exhibition Summit (CIDS 2008)
22-23 October, 2008
Beijing Fragrant Hill Empark Hotel,
Beijing, PRC.
http://www.cids.com.cn/en/
CARTES 2008
NOVEMBER 4-6, 2008
PARIS, FRANCE
www.cartes.com
7th Asian High Security Printing
Conference
November 11-13, 2008
Bangkok, Thailand
www.cross-conferences.com
The 3rd All in Print China
14th to 17th Nov.2008
Shanghai,China
Holopack-Holoprint 2008
Pushing the Boundaries
November 18-20, 2008
Toronto, Canada
www.holopackholoprint.info
2nd International Exhibition
Conference-SECURE 2008
24-26 November 2008, Mumbai
www.securexh.com
India Label Show 2008
3-6 December 2008, New Delhi
www.indialabelshow.com;
www.labelexpo.com
PackPlus 2009
8-11 July 2009, New Delhi
www.print-packaging.com
Asia Print Pack Expo 2009
28-31 August 2009,
Bangalore
www.asiaprintpackexpo.com
C S Jeena Neha Gupta
The Holography Times is published by
enhancementHOEs.
HOLOGRAM MANUFACTURES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA (HoMAI)
21-Ground Floor, Devika Tower 6, Nehru Place, New Delhi110019, INDIA
Telefax: +91-11-4161 7369, Email: theholographytimes@gmail.com
Disclaimer: The data used here are from various published and electronically available primary and
secondary sources. Despite due diligence the source data may contain occasional errors. In such
instances, HoMAI would not be responsible for such errors.
The Holo-packHolo-print® 2008
conference and trade show takes place in
Toronto, Canada, on November 18-20, and
this year the conference is on the theme
Pushing the Boundaries.
Undeniably, the global holography community
hasbeen and remains innovative andinventive,
finding new techniques, new materials, new
applications and new approaches for
holograms. These innovative holographers are
“pushing the boundaries” of the scope of
holography. But the boundaries of holography
are being pushed in a more literal way. The
holography industry, in the sense of that
collective group which develops, produces and
markets commercial holograms, had its birth in
NorthAmerica in the early 1980s, and quickly
expanded across the Atlantic to Western
Europe. For the first decade or so of
commercial holography, itwas from these two
regions that the crucial, market-driving
developmentsinholographycame.
Now, however, the holography industries of
China and India are equally accomplished, so
that there are numerous boundary-pushing
developments from companies and researchers
in these fast-growingAsianeconomies.
So it is no surprise to see a strong presence
from Indian companies at Holo-packHolo-print
this year, in both the conference
programme and the accompanying trade
show. For several years there has been a
strong Indian delegation at the event, so it is
good to see this participation expanding in
this way.
The conferencewill be full of information and
insights for holography professionals, while
the tradeshow is a unique opportunity to find
the latest in holographic production
equipment and materials. The programme
covers everything from the latest incremental
developments in surface-relief hologram
production techniques essential listening if
you are involved in embossed holograms to
techniques that are realising holographers'
dreams for true colour, full 3D, large format
image holograms. It also includes case studies
on security and promotional holograms, new
photopolymers for mass production
holograms, instruments to examine the
optical structure of holograms and display
www.homai.org 15