The document discusses how Jesus Christ has had the greatest impact and influence of any person in history. It summarizes that Jesus transformed humanity by establishing the calendar, inspiring acts of charity and humanitarianism, abolishing practices like slavery and human sacrifice, and pioneering modern education, science, and healthcare. The entire development of Western civilization traces its roots to the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
This document provides an overview of the history and foundations of Catholic education. It discusses how Catholic schools were established to educate children in the faith and provide a sound education rooted in Gospel values. It traces the development of Catholic schools from early Christian times through the Middle Ages, Reformation, Council of Trent, establishment in North America led by figures like Elizabeth Ann Seton, growth in the 19th century with immigrations, the height in the mid-20th century, and transition as orders of teaching nuns declined in the 1970s. It emphasizes that Catholic schools are called to form students in their faith and allow them to respond to Jesus' teachings while providing excellence in academic rigor.
During the Medieval period from 450-1450:
- Christianity became the dominant religion in Europe and was pervasive in all aspects of medieval life and society.
- Society was divided into three classes: nobility, clergy, and peasants, with the clergy holding significant influence and power.
- Constantine favored Christianity and gave it equality and protections under Roman law, establishing its role in the Roman Empire.
Medieval Christianity had a profound influence on everyday life. The Church organized people's lives from birth through death, requiring rituals like baptism, Christian marriage, and funeral. It also regulated working hours and holidays. As a result, the Church had immense social power. Christians had religious duties to obtain salvation, such as weekly confession and communion. Politically, bishops advised kings while the Pope governed the Papal States. The Church also wielded significant economic power through tithes and ownership of lands worked by peasants. Overall, Christianity dominated medieval European society.
Hidden Jewish Communities Part 2 - Ethiopia and ZimbabweS Meyer
The document discusses two hidden Jewish communities - the Beta Israel of Ethiopia and the Lemba of Zimbabwe. It provides background on their discovery, origins, beliefs, practices, and modern history. Key points include:
- The Beta Israel lived along the Blue Nile in Ethiopia and were first documented in the 16th century, with various theories about their origins.
- Their practices differed from rabbinic Judaism but included beliefs and holidays based on the Hebrew Bible.
- Israel initially overlooked the Beta Israel's plight but later conducted rescue operations in the 1980s-90s that brought over 100,000 to Israel.
- The Lemba tribe practices circumcision and some Jewish
Christianity began as a sect of Judaism in the 1st century CE. The life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who was born in Bethlehem and crucified in Jerusalem, form the basis of the religion. After Jesus' death, the Apostle Paul helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. Over time, the religion grew and divided into branches such as Catholicism and Protestantism, though movements seek unity among Christians. Today, Christianity is the world's largest religion with over 2 billion followers worldwide.
Christian ecumenical movements in Australia have had a significant impact by helping to reduce sectarianism between denominations that was inherited from the UK, such as between Anglicans and Catholics. The Week of Prayer for Christian Unity celebrated in May each year brings denominations together in prayer and worship around shared scripture, faith, and calling from God. The Uniting Church of Australia, formed from the union of Methodist, Presbyterian, and Congregationalist denominations, continues ecumenical work through theological dialogues with other churches to promote understanding and cooperation in their shared mission. The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ecumenical Commission advocates on indigenous rights and policy issues, representing the united Christian voice.
5 challenges for mission and ministry from postmodern assumptionsjoshva raja john
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for Christian mission and ministry from a postmodern perspective. It outlines how postmodern assumptions have led to the end of the modern era and Christendom. New models of mission are emerging that focus on personal spirituality, community, social justice, and using various media. The document also notes potential weaknesses like lack of biblical reflection and holding personal views over doctrinal truths.
The Cambridge Seven were seven students from Cambridge University who decided in 1885 to become missionaries in China, influenced by Hudson Taylor’s missionary work. They revealed God’s power through lives of prayer, fellowship and devotion to Jesus Christ. Their lives were a blessing around the world.
This document provides an overview of the history and foundations of Catholic education. It discusses how Catholic schools were established to educate children in the faith and provide a sound education rooted in Gospel values. It traces the development of Catholic schools from early Christian times through the Middle Ages, Reformation, Council of Trent, establishment in North America led by figures like Elizabeth Ann Seton, growth in the 19th century with immigrations, the height in the mid-20th century, and transition as orders of teaching nuns declined in the 1970s. It emphasizes that Catholic schools are called to form students in their faith and allow them to respond to Jesus' teachings while providing excellence in academic rigor.
During the Medieval period from 450-1450:
- Christianity became the dominant religion in Europe and was pervasive in all aspects of medieval life and society.
- Society was divided into three classes: nobility, clergy, and peasants, with the clergy holding significant influence and power.
- Constantine favored Christianity and gave it equality and protections under Roman law, establishing its role in the Roman Empire.
Medieval Christianity had a profound influence on everyday life. The Church organized people's lives from birth through death, requiring rituals like baptism, Christian marriage, and funeral. It also regulated working hours and holidays. As a result, the Church had immense social power. Christians had religious duties to obtain salvation, such as weekly confession and communion. Politically, bishops advised kings while the Pope governed the Papal States. The Church also wielded significant economic power through tithes and ownership of lands worked by peasants. Overall, Christianity dominated medieval European society.
Hidden Jewish Communities Part 2 - Ethiopia and ZimbabweS Meyer
The document discusses two hidden Jewish communities - the Beta Israel of Ethiopia and the Lemba of Zimbabwe. It provides background on their discovery, origins, beliefs, practices, and modern history. Key points include:
- The Beta Israel lived along the Blue Nile in Ethiopia and were first documented in the 16th century, with various theories about their origins.
- Their practices differed from rabbinic Judaism but included beliefs and holidays based on the Hebrew Bible.
- Israel initially overlooked the Beta Israel's plight but later conducted rescue operations in the 1980s-90s that brought over 100,000 to Israel.
- The Lemba tribe practices circumcision and some Jewish
Christianity began as a sect of Judaism in the 1st century CE. The life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who was born in Bethlehem and crucified in Jerusalem, form the basis of the religion. After Jesus' death, the Apostle Paul helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. Over time, the religion grew and divided into branches such as Catholicism and Protestantism, though movements seek unity among Christians. Today, Christianity is the world's largest religion with over 2 billion followers worldwide.
Christian ecumenical movements in Australia have had a significant impact by helping to reduce sectarianism between denominations that was inherited from the UK, such as between Anglicans and Catholics. The Week of Prayer for Christian Unity celebrated in May each year brings denominations together in prayer and worship around shared scripture, faith, and calling from God. The Uniting Church of Australia, formed from the union of Methodist, Presbyterian, and Congregationalist denominations, continues ecumenical work through theological dialogues with other churches to promote understanding and cooperation in their shared mission. The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ecumenical Commission advocates on indigenous rights and policy issues, representing the united Christian voice.
5 challenges for mission and ministry from postmodern assumptionsjoshva raja john
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for Christian mission and ministry from a postmodern perspective. It outlines how postmodern assumptions have led to the end of the modern era and Christendom. New models of mission are emerging that focus on personal spirituality, community, social justice, and using various media. The document also notes potential weaknesses like lack of biblical reflection and holding personal views over doctrinal truths.
The Cambridge Seven were seven students from Cambridge University who decided in 1885 to become missionaries in China, influenced by Hudson Taylor’s missionary work. They revealed God’s power through lives of prayer, fellowship and devotion to Jesus Christ. Their lives were a blessing around the world.
The document summarizes the creation stories and key figures from Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes how all three Abrahamic religions share the same creation story of God creating the world over 7 days. It then discusses Adam and Eve living in the Garden of Eden until eating the forbidden fruit, Noah and the great flood, Jesus and his teachings and death, the spread of Christianity and conflicts with Rome and the Islamic world, and Martin Luther sparking the Protestant Reformation by nailing his 95 theses criticizing corruption in the Catholic Church.
This document provides an overview of patterns of conversion in Melanesia, with examples. It discusses 3 main patterns: Protestant conversion focused on education and individual faith decisions; Roman Catholic conversion aimed to convert communities through baptism and ritual; and conversion through indigenous religious movements addressing specific problems. Examples from Irian Jaya describe rapid Dani conversion sparked by burning fetishes, and a dream experience that catalyzed conversion on Roon island, blending Christian and traditional religious symbols. Conversion involves both continuity of symbols and discontinuity in accepting new beliefs.
The document discusses Christian witness in a postmodern world. It summarizes several resources that address this topic, including works by George Carey, Roger Lundin, Lieven Boeve, and David Smith. Some of the key themes discussed are finding new frontiers for witnessing, emphasizing service over power, and how to approach truth and interpretation in a postmodern context. The resources explore how Christianity can adapt to postmodernity while maintaining its core teachings, and how the church can engage in mission through dialogue, contextualization, and working for justice.
Suitable for JC RE course. Full powerpoint for use with Chapter on World Religions: Christianity. Best used as a revision aid for 3rd years, as goes into more detail than needed for younger years.
Christianity spread north of the Alps after the fall of the Western Roman Empire through the efforts of the early church and monasteries. The early church established parishes across Europe led by priests who provided religious instruction and other services to local communities. Monasteries also helped spread Christianity by serving as centers of education, healthcare, and preserving knowledge, while developing new agricultural techniques. Together, the church and monasteries played key roles in the diffusion of Christianity throughout Europe following the collapse of Roman authority.
The document discusses the history and growth of Christianity in Africa, South America, Asia, and other parts of the world. It notes that Christianity was initially spread through western missionaries establishing schools and hospitals and empowering local leaders. Over time, indigenous churches formed and experienced rapid growth as leadership transitioned fully to local people. The sequence often involved an initial planting of seeds, a period of local training and education, a crisis that forced transition to local control, and then tremendous expansion under indigenous leadership. Key factors in various regions included engagement with local cultures, education/healthcare, empowering local people, and addressing the needs of both the poor and elite.
Christianity has a long history in India, dating back to 52AD when St. Thomas first brought Christianity to the southern state of Kerala. It remained small until the arrival of European missionaries in the 15th-16th centuries. While Christianity remains a minority religion in India making up only 2-4% of the population, the Christian community has made significant contributions to education, social justice, and interfaith dialogue. However, Christians have also faced increasing persecution in recent decades from Hindu nationalist groups accusing them of forced conversions. Overall Christianity has deep roots in India but continues to face challenges of intolerance.
Christian ecumenical movements in Australia have had a significant impact by promoting unity among denominations and addressing social issues. The Week of Prayer for Christian Unity brings together different Christian churches in prayer and worship. The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ecumenical Commission advocates on indigenous rights and policy through a united Christian voice. The Uniting Church of Australia, formed through church union, continues ecumenical work through theological dialogue with other denominations.
The document discusses Richard Niebuhr's typology of how Christians engage with culture, known as Christ and Culture. It outlines the five views that Niebuhr proposed: 1) Christ Above Culture, 2) Christ of Culture, 3) Christ Against Culture, 4) Christ the Transformer of Culture, and 5) Christ and Culture in Paradox. For each view, it provides a brief definition and historical examples to illustrate when and how each perspective emerged in Christian history.
The document discusses different worldviews and approaches to interpreting texts like the Bible. It begins by outlining the key aspects of modernity and postmodernity. It then explains critical social theory, which seeks to expose oppressive power structures and liberate the oppressed. Critical approaches have been applied to interpreting the Bible, with the goal of exposing how it has been used to oppress groups. The document also discusses how different worldviews, like the Israeli and Palestinian perspectives on their conflict, shape how people understand issues. It concludes by contrasting a critical social theory view with a Christian worldview.
This document provides an overview of Christianity, covering its history, core beliefs and practices, structures, and regulations. It discusses Christianity's historical foundations in Jesus Christ and the development of its major branches. The core beliefs include the Trinity, creation, salvation, and eschatology. Key practices involve worship, sacraments, prayer, and festivals. Christianity is organized into churches, denominations, and hierarchical leadership structures, with internal regulations around membership and external relations with other faiths and societies.
The document discusses the emergence of modern human behavior and advanced civilizations. It makes three key points:
1) Anatomically modern humans emerged in Africa around 100,000 years ago, but modern human behavior did not appear until around 50,000 years ago, when humans suddenly developed symbolic thought and began migrating out of Africa.
2) The first advanced civilizations suddenly emerged around 3,500 BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other river valleys, developing writing, specialized jobs, social classes, religion, art and architecture.
3) Inventions accelerated dramatically after the emergence of advanced civilizations, contrasting with the long periods of time between crude innovations before civilization.
The document provides an overview of the Church in Asia, highlighting several key points:
1) Christianity has a long history in Asia dating back to the 1st century, but Asian churches still struggle with perceptions of being foreign imports from the West.
2) Asian Catholics represent a small minority, about 2.4% of the population, living within multi-religious societies.
3) Dependencies remain on Western "mother churches" for funding and direction, posing obstacles for inculturation and relations with other faiths.
4) Inculturation of theology, liturgy, and formation is important for Asian Christianity to take root, though must be guided by gospel compatibility.
The document discusses the Jerusalem Council from Acts 15 and key issues it addressed: (1) whether Gentile Christians needed to convert to Judaism and be circumcised; (2) if Gentile Christians needed to follow the Mosaic Law; (3) if Gentile Christians could have their own churches separate from Jewish Christians. It also notes the teaching of Acts is often prescriptive rather than descriptive and clarifies terms like "Mosaic Law" and views on how Christ related to the Law.
Power,corruption and salvation in early modern europeGretel Diluca
The document discusses the role of the Catholic Church in 14th and 15th century Europe. It explains that [1] the Church had immense power over daily life, controlling aspects like taxes and business. [2] Religion dictated social norms and participation in rituals like weekly Mass was expected. [3] The seven sacraments from baptism to last rites structured life events and reinforced the Church's authority.
This document provides a historical overview of Christian education from biblical times to the modern era. It discusses how education was conducted informally through oral traditions, community life, and religious festivals in Hebrew and early Christian societies. It then outlines the development of more formal Christian education through early church leaders, monastic orders, the Protestant Reformation, Sunday schools, and modern organizations like the YMCA and Christian schools. The overall progression moved from informal communal learning to established religious and secular schools to teach Christian doctrine and values.
The document outlines the development of the Catholic Church's position on religious liberty over time. It traces the shift from opposing liberalism and modernity in the 19th century to embracing religious freedom and pluralism in the 20th century. Key developments included Pope John XXIII's emphasis on human dignity in Pacem in Terris, the American experience of separation of church and state, and the final Declaration on Religious Liberty adopted by the Second Vatican Council in 1965 which affirmed every person's right to religious freedom.
Only Two Religions 7 - From Personal Spirituality to Worldviewsandiferb
This document summarizes a lesson on how personal spirituality has developed into a pagan worldview. It discusses how the New Age movement started individually but has grown into a comprehensive cosmology that rejects Christianity. This new worldview presents elements of Eastern religion, Western esotericism, socialism, and environmentalism as a unified alternative. The goal is to transform culture by 2020 according to this new pagan vision that is presented as inclusive but denies core Christian beliefs.
This document discusses changing patterns and models of missions. It provides examples of new types of missions that have emerged such as development missions, medical missions, HIV/AIDS missions, and media missions. It also discusses some of the pioneering women who engaged in medical missionary work in India in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. The document argues that ancient India did not have a strong culture of care, but Christian medical missionaries helped establish this culture by opening thousands of hospitals and institutions for orphans and the sick. This influenced many social reformers in India to also engage in caring for the underprivileged.
History of the Messianic Jewish Movement (70 AD to 2000).
Part 1: Parting of the Ways (70 AD - 200 AD)
Part 2: Early Jewish Christians (200 - 500 AD)
Part 3: Reformation & Reconsideration (1500 - 1800)
Part 4: Hebrew-Christian Movement (1800 - 1970)
Part 5: Modern Messianic Jewish Movement (1970 - 2000)
Part 6: The Next Generation and Beyond (2000 - present)
Reforming our Families to Reform the NationPeter Hammond
This document discusses various threats to Christian families and reforming society through reforming families. It identifies threats from secular education that removes God from classrooms and minds, as well as threats from entertainment like television exposing children to violence, immorality and the occult. The document urges parents to recognize these subtle but dangerous threats and prioritize discipling their children in God's word to reform the next generation.
ISA / JESUS THE GREATEST MAN WHO EVER LIVED !Orozco_Carlos
This document is the table of contents for a book about the life of Jesus Christ. It lists 133 chapters that recount Jesus' birth, ministry, teachings, miracles, death and resurrection based on accounts from the Christian Greek Scriptures. The book is published by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society to provide Bible education about the life of the man considered by Christians to be the son of God.
The document summarizes the creation stories and key figures from Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes how all three Abrahamic religions share the same creation story of God creating the world over 7 days. It then discusses Adam and Eve living in the Garden of Eden until eating the forbidden fruit, Noah and the great flood, Jesus and his teachings and death, the spread of Christianity and conflicts with Rome and the Islamic world, and Martin Luther sparking the Protestant Reformation by nailing his 95 theses criticizing corruption in the Catholic Church.
This document provides an overview of patterns of conversion in Melanesia, with examples. It discusses 3 main patterns: Protestant conversion focused on education and individual faith decisions; Roman Catholic conversion aimed to convert communities through baptism and ritual; and conversion through indigenous religious movements addressing specific problems. Examples from Irian Jaya describe rapid Dani conversion sparked by burning fetishes, and a dream experience that catalyzed conversion on Roon island, blending Christian and traditional religious symbols. Conversion involves both continuity of symbols and discontinuity in accepting new beliefs.
The document discusses Christian witness in a postmodern world. It summarizes several resources that address this topic, including works by George Carey, Roger Lundin, Lieven Boeve, and David Smith. Some of the key themes discussed are finding new frontiers for witnessing, emphasizing service over power, and how to approach truth and interpretation in a postmodern context. The resources explore how Christianity can adapt to postmodernity while maintaining its core teachings, and how the church can engage in mission through dialogue, contextualization, and working for justice.
Suitable for JC RE course. Full powerpoint for use with Chapter on World Religions: Christianity. Best used as a revision aid for 3rd years, as goes into more detail than needed for younger years.
Christianity spread north of the Alps after the fall of the Western Roman Empire through the efforts of the early church and monasteries. The early church established parishes across Europe led by priests who provided religious instruction and other services to local communities. Monasteries also helped spread Christianity by serving as centers of education, healthcare, and preserving knowledge, while developing new agricultural techniques. Together, the church and monasteries played key roles in the diffusion of Christianity throughout Europe following the collapse of Roman authority.
The document discusses the history and growth of Christianity in Africa, South America, Asia, and other parts of the world. It notes that Christianity was initially spread through western missionaries establishing schools and hospitals and empowering local leaders. Over time, indigenous churches formed and experienced rapid growth as leadership transitioned fully to local people. The sequence often involved an initial planting of seeds, a period of local training and education, a crisis that forced transition to local control, and then tremendous expansion under indigenous leadership. Key factors in various regions included engagement with local cultures, education/healthcare, empowering local people, and addressing the needs of both the poor and elite.
Christianity has a long history in India, dating back to 52AD when St. Thomas first brought Christianity to the southern state of Kerala. It remained small until the arrival of European missionaries in the 15th-16th centuries. While Christianity remains a minority religion in India making up only 2-4% of the population, the Christian community has made significant contributions to education, social justice, and interfaith dialogue. However, Christians have also faced increasing persecution in recent decades from Hindu nationalist groups accusing them of forced conversions. Overall Christianity has deep roots in India but continues to face challenges of intolerance.
Christian ecumenical movements in Australia have had a significant impact by promoting unity among denominations and addressing social issues. The Week of Prayer for Christian Unity brings together different Christian churches in prayer and worship. The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ecumenical Commission advocates on indigenous rights and policy through a united Christian voice. The Uniting Church of Australia, formed through church union, continues ecumenical work through theological dialogue with other denominations.
The document discusses Richard Niebuhr's typology of how Christians engage with culture, known as Christ and Culture. It outlines the five views that Niebuhr proposed: 1) Christ Above Culture, 2) Christ of Culture, 3) Christ Against Culture, 4) Christ the Transformer of Culture, and 5) Christ and Culture in Paradox. For each view, it provides a brief definition and historical examples to illustrate when and how each perspective emerged in Christian history.
The document discusses different worldviews and approaches to interpreting texts like the Bible. It begins by outlining the key aspects of modernity and postmodernity. It then explains critical social theory, which seeks to expose oppressive power structures and liberate the oppressed. Critical approaches have been applied to interpreting the Bible, with the goal of exposing how it has been used to oppress groups. The document also discusses how different worldviews, like the Israeli and Palestinian perspectives on their conflict, shape how people understand issues. It concludes by contrasting a critical social theory view with a Christian worldview.
This document provides an overview of Christianity, covering its history, core beliefs and practices, structures, and regulations. It discusses Christianity's historical foundations in Jesus Christ and the development of its major branches. The core beliefs include the Trinity, creation, salvation, and eschatology. Key practices involve worship, sacraments, prayer, and festivals. Christianity is organized into churches, denominations, and hierarchical leadership structures, with internal regulations around membership and external relations with other faiths and societies.
The document discusses the emergence of modern human behavior and advanced civilizations. It makes three key points:
1) Anatomically modern humans emerged in Africa around 100,000 years ago, but modern human behavior did not appear until around 50,000 years ago, when humans suddenly developed symbolic thought and began migrating out of Africa.
2) The first advanced civilizations suddenly emerged around 3,500 BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other river valleys, developing writing, specialized jobs, social classes, religion, art and architecture.
3) Inventions accelerated dramatically after the emergence of advanced civilizations, contrasting with the long periods of time between crude innovations before civilization.
The document provides an overview of the Church in Asia, highlighting several key points:
1) Christianity has a long history in Asia dating back to the 1st century, but Asian churches still struggle with perceptions of being foreign imports from the West.
2) Asian Catholics represent a small minority, about 2.4% of the population, living within multi-religious societies.
3) Dependencies remain on Western "mother churches" for funding and direction, posing obstacles for inculturation and relations with other faiths.
4) Inculturation of theology, liturgy, and formation is important for Asian Christianity to take root, though must be guided by gospel compatibility.
The document discusses the Jerusalem Council from Acts 15 and key issues it addressed: (1) whether Gentile Christians needed to convert to Judaism and be circumcised; (2) if Gentile Christians needed to follow the Mosaic Law; (3) if Gentile Christians could have their own churches separate from Jewish Christians. It also notes the teaching of Acts is often prescriptive rather than descriptive and clarifies terms like "Mosaic Law" and views on how Christ related to the Law.
Power,corruption and salvation in early modern europeGretel Diluca
The document discusses the role of the Catholic Church in 14th and 15th century Europe. It explains that [1] the Church had immense power over daily life, controlling aspects like taxes and business. [2] Religion dictated social norms and participation in rituals like weekly Mass was expected. [3] The seven sacraments from baptism to last rites structured life events and reinforced the Church's authority.
This document provides a historical overview of Christian education from biblical times to the modern era. It discusses how education was conducted informally through oral traditions, community life, and religious festivals in Hebrew and early Christian societies. It then outlines the development of more formal Christian education through early church leaders, monastic orders, the Protestant Reformation, Sunday schools, and modern organizations like the YMCA and Christian schools. The overall progression moved from informal communal learning to established religious and secular schools to teach Christian doctrine and values.
The document outlines the development of the Catholic Church's position on religious liberty over time. It traces the shift from opposing liberalism and modernity in the 19th century to embracing religious freedom and pluralism in the 20th century. Key developments included Pope John XXIII's emphasis on human dignity in Pacem in Terris, the American experience of separation of church and state, and the final Declaration on Religious Liberty adopted by the Second Vatican Council in 1965 which affirmed every person's right to religious freedom.
Only Two Religions 7 - From Personal Spirituality to Worldviewsandiferb
This document summarizes a lesson on how personal spirituality has developed into a pagan worldview. It discusses how the New Age movement started individually but has grown into a comprehensive cosmology that rejects Christianity. This new worldview presents elements of Eastern religion, Western esotericism, socialism, and environmentalism as a unified alternative. The goal is to transform culture by 2020 according to this new pagan vision that is presented as inclusive but denies core Christian beliefs.
This document discusses changing patterns and models of missions. It provides examples of new types of missions that have emerged such as development missions, medical missions, HIV/AIDS missions, and media missions. It also discusses some of the pioneering women who engaged in medical missionary work in India in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. The document argues that ancient India did not have a strong culture of care, but Christian medical missionaries helped establish this culture by opening thousands of hospitals and institutions for orphans and the sick. This influenced many social reformers in India to also engage in caring for the underprivileged.
History of the Messianic Jewish Movement (70 AD to 2000).
Part 1: Parting of the Ways (70 AD - 200 AD)
Part 2: Early Jewish Christians (200 - 500 AD)
Part 3: Reformation & Reconsideration (1500 - 1800)
Part 4: Hebrew-Christian Movement (1800 - 1970)
Part 5: Modern Messianic Jewish Movement (1970 - 2000)
Part 6: The Next Generation and Beyond (2000 - present)
Reforming our Families to Reform the NationPeter Hammond
This document discusses various threats to Christian families and reforming society through reforming families. It identifies threats from secular education that removes God from classrooms and minds, as well as threats from entertainment like television exposing children to violence, immorality and the occult. The document urges parents to recognize these subtle but dangerous threats and prioritize discipling their children in God's word to reform the next generation.
ISA / JESUS THE GREATEST MAN WHO EVER LIVED !Orozco_Carlos
This document is the table of contents for a book about the life of Jesus Christ. It lists 133 chapters that recount Jesus' birth, ministry, teachings, miracles, death and resurrection based on accounts from the Christian Greek Scriptures. The book is published by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society to provide Bible education about the life of the man considered by Christians to be the son of God.
Danie Theron was a Boer commander during the Second Boer War who established several reconnaissance units. He formed the first mounted bicycle corps that proved effective for communication. Theron later established an 80-man reconnaissance corps that conducted guerrilla raids behind enemy lines, destroying British supply lines and capturing prisoners. Theron was killed in action at age 28 while scouting alone after he engaged and killed several British soldiers. He became a respected hero in South Africa and several military institutions were later named in his honor.
The document discusses the history and evolution of chocolate production. It details how cocoa beans are harvested and fermented before being dried, roasted, and ground into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then further processed through conching and tempering to produce smooth chocolate for consumption.
This document contains advice from Dr. Peter Hammond on the importance of reading, particularly reading good books. Some key points:
- Successful people read widely because it expands their knowledge and ability to make good decisions. Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
- By reading the works of great thinkers and leaders from the past, we can learn from them directly, as if they were speaking to us personally. Many influential figures throughout history emphasized the importance and benefits of reading.
- The books we read can have a significant influence on developing our character. We should choose books carefully and focus on thoroughly reading and understanding a few great works rather than superficially sampling many books.
A Winnable War - Defeating The PorndemicPeter Hammond
1) The document discusses the harms of pornography on families and society. It argues pornography undermines families, spreads disease, and destroys moral values.
2) It describes the efforts of Christian organizations in South Africa to campaign against pornography through initiatives like Operation Clean Sweep that pressured stores to stop selling pornographic materials.
3) The document calls on Christians and churches to take action against pornography through reading about its harms, speaking out, and supporting anti-pornography efforts in their communities and governments.
The Family, Faith and Upbringing of David LivingstonePeter Hammond
1) David Livingstone was born in 1813 in Scotland to devout Christian parents. He was raised in poverty and had to work long hours in a cotton mill from age 10, but used any free time to educate himself through voracious reading.
2) Livingstone experienced a conversion to Christianity at age 12 and resolved to dedicate his life to alleviating human suffering. He taught himself multiple languages and studied medicine so that he could become a medical missionary.
3) Inspired by the abolition of slavery in the British Empire and calls for more missionaries, Livingstone set off for Africa in 1840 determined to explore the continent and end the slave trade while spreading the gospel.
The document discusses biblical evidence that animals will be in Heaven. It provides many bible verses that describe animals praising God and being included in his salvation plan. The key points are:
1) Many bible passages describe animals praising and worshipping God alongside humans and angels. This indicates they will share in eternal salvation.
2) Major biblical events that foreshadow salvation, like Noah's Ark, included the salvation of animals alongside humans.
3) The bible teaches that all of God's creation will be redeemed and made new in Christ. This implies animals will ultimately be included in Heaven.
The document discusses the importance and lessons of history, providing quotes from various historical figures. It then summarizes the development of Britain's strategic bombing campaign during World War II, including the philosophy that bombing alone could win wars, early failures of bombing campaigns, and the devastating firebombing of German cities like Hamburg and Dresden that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians. While resources were poured into the bombing campaign, it failed to achieve its goals of quick victory and instead caused tremendous loss of civilian life.
Mary Slessor was a Scottish missionary to Nigeria in the late 1800s. She was born into poverty and began working in mills at a young age. After converting to Christianity, she felt called to missionary work. She went to Nigeria and advocated for the end of practices like killing twins and slavery. Over her lifetime, she established many schools and churches, helped convert many people to Christianity, and gained respect from the local communities as a judge and advocate. She persevered through illness and hardships to improve lives in Calabar.
The document discusses Martin Luther King Jr. and claims that he extensively plagiarized his academic writings, including his doctoral dissertation. It asserts that King changed his name from Michael King to Martin Luther King Jr. for political purposes and that his academic work was riddled with plagiarism from other authors. While acknowledging King's plagiarism, the document argues his professors and researchers have covered it up due to King's political views and agenda of promoting racial equality. The overall tone is very critical of King and argues he has been improperly idolized and honored.
Patrick was only 16 years old when he saw a fleet of 50 longboats heading for the shore. As the Roman Legions had long since departed Britain, Patrick’s home town was vulnerable to attack. As the Irish raiders leapt from their boats onto the pebbled beach, sounding their war-horns, the population fled in terror. The attackers looted and burned the village and carried away captives, including young Patrick. - See more at: http://reformationsa.org/index.php/history/52-stpatrick#sthash.kC1QKs0w.dpuf
There is no doubt that Jesus Christ is the greatest man who ever lived according to the document. It summarizes that Jesus transformed the way we measure time, inspired countless humanitarian efforts and advances in fields like medicine over two millennia, and established foundations for modern concepts like education, science, and human rights that have profoundly shaped civilization. The positive impact of Jesus on the world through Christianity cannot be overstated.
The Roots of Education
“Every school you see – public or private, religious or secular – is a visible reminder of the religion of Jesus Christ. So is every college and university.” Dr. James Kennedy and Jerry Newcombe document in their “What If Jesus Had Never Been Born?” book that the phenomenon of education for the masses has its roots in Christianity.
The pursuit of the knowledge of God in a systematic, philosophical and in depth way gave rise to the phenomenon of universities all around the world. It was the Christian faith that gave rise to the idea of higher learning.
The document discusses different views of the relationship between Christianity and culture. It describes 5 views proposed by Richard Niebuhr: 1) Christ above culture, where God works through culture but it is subordinate to Christ, 2) Christ of culture, where Christ is associated with cultural achievements, 3) Christ against culture, where Christians must reject culture, 4) Christ transforming culture, where Christians affirm and seek to reform culture, and 5) Christ and culture in paradox, where the conflict between God and culture is ever present.
How the new world order is hijacking civilizationPeter Hammond
History testifies how God has blessed and used the Christian nations to bless all the families of the nations of the earth. The Protestant nations of Western Europe have a great Christian heritage. Despite violent opposition, Protestants emerged from the fires of persecution to change lives, make history and transform nations. Faithful believers contended for the Faith, preserved and translated God's Word, Reformed the Church and vigorously proclaimed the Word of God to all nations.
CHRIST AND CULTURE To Reinie CHRIST AND CULTURE VinaOconner450
CHRIST AND CULTURE
To Reinie
CHRIST AND CULTURE
Copyright, 1 95 1 , by Harper & Row, Publishers, Incorporate.ct,
Printed in the United States of America
All rights in this book are reserved.
No part of the book may be used or reproduced
in any manner whatsoever without written per
mission except in the case of brief quotations
embodied in critical articles and reviews. For
information address:
Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. ,
10 East 53rd Street, New York, N. Y. 10022.
First HARPER TORCHBOOK edition published 1956
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
]. The Enduring Problem
I. THE PROBLEM
II. TOW ARD A DEFINITION OF CHRIST
III. TOWARD THE DEFINITION OF CULTURE
IV. THE TYPICAL ANSWERS
2. Cbrist Against Culture
I. THE NE'V PEOPLE AND
"
THE WORLD
"
II. TOLSTOY
'
S REJECTION OF CULTURE
III. A NECESSARY AND INADEQUATE POSITION
IV. THEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
3. Tbe Cbrist of Culture
ix
xi
1
11
29
39
I. ACCOMMODATION TO CULTURE IN GNOSTICISM AND ABELARD 83
II.
"
CULTURE-PROTESTANTISM
"
AND A. RITSCHL 91
III. IN DEFENSE OF CULTURAL FAITH I 0 I
IV. THEOLOGICAL OBJECTIONS 108
4. Christ Above Culture
I. THE CHURCH OF THE CENTER
II. THE SYNTHESIS OF CHRIST AND CULTURE
III. SYNTHESIS IN QUESTION
5. Christ and Culture in Paradox
I. THE THEOLOGY OF THE DUALISTS
II. THE DUALISTIC MOTIF IN PAUL AND MARCION
n1. DUALISM IN LUTHER AND MODERN TIMES
lV. THE VIRTUES AND VICES OF DUAI.ISM
vii
116
120
141
viii CONTENTS
6. Christ the Transformer of Culture
I. THEOLOGICAL CONVICTIONS
II. THE CONVERSION MOTIF IN THE FOURTH GOSPEL
III. AUGUSTINE AND THE CONVERSION OF CULTURE
IV. THE VIEWS OF F. D. MAURICE
7. A "Concluding Unscientific Postscript"
I. CONCLUSION IN DECISION
II. THE RELATIVISM OF FAITH
III. SOCIAL EXISTENTIALISM
IV. FREEDOM IN DEPENDENCE
Index
230
234
24 1
249
257
FOREWORD
The present volume makes available in print and in expanded
form the series of lectures which Professor H. Richard Niebuhr
gave at Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary in January, 1 949,
on the Alumni Foundation. This lectureship was inaugurated in
1 945. Since that time the Seminary has had the privilege of present
ing to its students and alumni at the time of the midwinter convoca
tions the reflections of leading Christian thinkers on important
issues and, in part, of stimulating the publication of these refl.ec�
tions for the benefit of a wider audience.
The men and their subjects have been:
1945-Ernest Trice Thompson, Christian Bases of World Order
1946-Josef Lukl Hromadka, The Church at the Crossroads
1947-Paul Scherer, The Plight of Freedom
1948-D. Elton Trueblood, Alternative to Futility
194g-H. Richard Niebuhr, Christ and Culture
1950--Paul Minear, The Kingdom and the Power
1951 -G. Ernest Wright, God Who Acts
Dr. Niebuhr makes a distinguished contribution in this dear and
incisive study in Christian Ethics.
Austin Presbyterian Theological ...
The document summarizes United Methodism's legacy of embracing diversity and welcoming strangers. It discusses how John Wesley and early Methodists ministered to all people, regardless of differences, based on biblical passages. It provides examples of how Methodists established institutions like schools, hospitals, and orphanages that welcomed strangers. While United Methodism has strived to live out its inclusive heritage, the path has not been straightforward, as societies and denominations struggled with exclusiveness at times. The conclusion calls United Methodists to continue welcoming strangers through preaching, teaching, and social outreach guided by their Wesleyan values.
The document summarizes the creation stories and key figures from Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes how all three Abrahamic religions share the same creation story of God creating the world over 7 days. It then discusses Adam and Eve living in the Garden of Eden until eating the forbidden fruit, which introduced original sin. Next, it covers Noah building the ark and restarting humanity after God's flood. The document then focuses on Jesus' life and role in Christianity, as well as the spread of Christianity under Constantine and the power of the Catholic Church. It concludes by mentioning the Crusades against Islam, the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther, and the resulting divisions in Christianity.
This document discusses the relationship between Christianity and Judaism. While Christianity developed from Judaism, believing Jesus to be the Messiah, Judaism does not accept Jesus as divine. Both religions share a belief in one God and draw from the same core texts of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. They also have some similar practices and rituals. Overall, the document examines how Christianity originated from and was influenced by Judaism as an earlier monotheistic faith, while also developing some distinct beliefs about the nature of Jesus.
A discussion of evangelization in light of the recent integration, within the Roman Catholic Church, of several elements of the (Protestant) evangelical tradition.
Only worthless people church history 1 chapter 3Andre Fernandez
The document discusses the spread of Catholic Christianity from the 1st century AD to the 5th century AD. It describes how the Apostles spread the gospel beyond the Roman Empire, with Osrhoene becoming the first Christian kingdom. It then discusses key figures who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire and beyond, including Paul, Clement of Alexandria, Justin Martyr, Tertullian, Irenaeus, and Augustine. The gospel spread due to ordinary relationships, curiosity about Christianity, witnessing martyrdom, and Christians' unshakable faith.
The Wesley brothers, John and Charles, were central figures of the 18th century Evangelical Revival in Britain. They grew up during the Industrial Revolution, a time of rapid social and economic change. Both brothers experienced spiritual crises and conversions that led them to preach the doctrine of justification by faith alone, sparking widespread evangelism across Britain and literally transforming society.
Girolamo Savonarola - The Reformer of FlorencePeter Hammond
Savonarola was born in 1452 in Ferrara, Italy to a noble family. He studied philosophy, logic, and medicine before becoming a monk in 1475 and joining the Dominicans. He was sent to Florence where he began fearlessly preaching against the corruption and immorality he saw in the Catholic Church and Florentine society. Savonarola gained a large following and confronted the ruling Medici family. When the Medici's power waned, Savonarola became ruler of Florence for three years and instituted moral reforms. However, he made enemies, including Pope Alexander VI, who had Savonarola excommunicated, imprisoned, and tortured. Remaining steadfast in his beliefs,
Jan Hus was a 15th century Bohemian priest who preached reformist views that challenged the Catholic Church's corruption and abuse of power. Inspired by John Wycliffe's teachings, Hus denounced the sale of indulgences and sins of clergy. He was excommunicated, summoned to a church council, and despite an imperial guarantee of safe passage, was imprisoned and burned at the stake for heresy. Hus' martyrdom helped spread reformist resistance against Rome's authority and led to military conflicts between Hussite followers and the Holy Roman Empire.
Anne of Bohemia was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor and a friend of the Protestant Reformation. She loved studying the Bible and protected John Wycliffe from persecution. Anne encouraged Bohemian students to study under Wycliffe and helped spread Reformation teachings throughout Europe. Her marriage to King Richard II of England was said to be happy. However, Anne tragically died of plague at age 27, deeply mourning by the people of England. Her influence helped spread Reformation ideas to Bohemia and beyond.
The Waldesians Firm and Faithful Alpine Fighters for the FaithPeter Hammond
Peter Waldo was a wealthy merchant in Lyons, France who gave away all his possessions after a friend's death led him to seriously consider his soul. He had priests translate the Gospels into French and was convicted by what he read. Waldo and his followers, called the Waldensians, sought to live in voluntary poverty and preach the Gospel, which brought persecution from the Catholic Church. Despite centuries of persecution, the Waldensians survived and helped inspire reformers like Jan Hus, spreading the Gospel across Europe through traveling preachers.
Countering Halloween Witchcraft with Biblical ReformationPeter Hammond
This document discusses Halloween and argues that it has origins in pagan rituals rather than Christianity. It describes Halloween traditions like costumes, jack-o-lanterns, and trick-or-treating as having roots in Celtic harvest festivals and Druid practices involving human and animal sacrifices to appease spirits. The document recommends that Christians celebrate Reformation Day instead of Halloween and warns that Halloween promotes occult beliefs and can introduce people to witchcraft. It provides many Bible verses condemning pagan practices and encouraging Christians to stand against evil.
William Wilberforce and the Campaign to End SlaveryPeter Hammond
This document provides background on William Wilberforce and his lifelong crusade to abolish the slave trade in Britain. It details how Wilberforce was inspired by his Christian faith to take on this cause, despite facing overwhelming opposition. After years of persistent effort, public awareness campaigns, and legal battles, Wilberforce succeeded in getting Parliament to pass acts abolishing the slave trade in 1807 and emancipating all slaves in the British Empire by 1833, just before his death. The document emphasizes Wilberforce's moral leadership and the role of his evangelical Christian faith in fueling his determination to achieve these landmark reforms.
Queen Elizabeth I and the Spanish ArmadaPeter Hammond
Queen Elizabeth I was England's greatest queen who successfully established Protestantism and led England during a golden age. Under her 45-year reign, England defeated the Spanish Armada, establishing itself as a naval power. Shakespeare and other artists flourished during her Protestant rule, which contrasted with the Catholic persecutions under her half-sister Queen Mary I. The Spanish Armada posed an immense threat in 1588 as it sought to invade England, but the Royal Navy led by Hawkins and Drake used superior cannons to defeat the larger Spanish fleet in a decisive victory.
A Christian Perspective on the War in UkrainePeter Hammond
This document provides a Christian perspective on the war in Ukraine from Dr. Peter Hammond. It makes several key points in 3 or fewer sentences:
The war pits millions of Christians against each other and has caused much suffering. Ukraine has a history of oppression under communism, particularly Stalin's regime which caused millions of deaths. Attempts to expand NATO and draw Ukraine away from Russia's sphere of influence helped precipitate the conflict despite warnings from Russia.
Hudson Taylor was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China in the 19th century. He founded the China Inland Mission, now known as OMF International, which became a large missionary organization that focused on evangelizing interior regions of China. Some key aspects:
- Taylor was called to be a missionary to China from a young age and prepared extensively through language study, theology study, and living frugally.
- He adopted Chinese dress and customs to better connect with Chinese people and viewed this as important for an indigenous church. This was controversial among other missionaries.
- Taylor started the China Inland Mission in 1865 with the goal of sending missionaries deep into China without salaries and relying on faith for provisions.
This document discusses the challenge of finding suitable missionary volunteers. It notes that while opportunities for missionary work are vast, there are not enough volunteers to fill positions on the mission field. It attributes this shortage to modern secular culture that discourages long-term commitment and sacrifice. The document then outlines the qualities needed for effective missionary work, including diligent Bible study, strong Christian character, integrity, a positive attitude, and a willingness to endure hardship and criticism. It provides examples from missionary pioneers who exhibited these qualities and were willing to sacrifice all for the cause of missions.
The document discusses how the 19th century was the greatest century of Christian missions and expansion. It summarizes that in 1801, Christianity was concentrated in Europe and North America, with Asia and Africa largely unevangelized. However, by 1900 Christianity had spread to become a worldwide religion. It attributes this to the pioneering missionaries of the 19th century who overcame immense hardships and obstacles to spread the gospel despite limited resources. The document urges Christians to learn from these missionaries' effective strategies and sacrifices if the 21st century is to see similar growth.
This document provides 17 reasons for why the evangelization of non-Christians (the heathen) is important. It argues that all people are lost and in need of salvation due to humanity's sinful nature. It cites biblical passages stating that Jesus is the only way to salvation and that he commands followers to spread the gospel message to all nations. The document emphasizes that God loves all people and that the whole world belongs to him. It concludes by stating that the Lord is worthy of all praise, worship, and honor.
Samuel Zwemer and the Mission to MuslimsPeter Hammond
Samuel Zwemer (1867-1951) was a Dutch-American missionary who dedicated his life to bringing Christianity to Muslims. He grew up in a missionary family and felt called from a young age to take the gospel to followers of Islam. After facing rejection from missionary boards, he co-founded the American-Arabian Mission. Throughout his career, he traveled extensively in the Middle East, wrote prolifically advocating for missions to Muslims, and trained future missionaries. Though he saw few Muslim converts himself, Zwemer laid important groundwork for later missionary efforts and helped mobilize Christians worldwide to reach Muslims with the gospel.
William Tyndale & The Battle for The BiblePeter Hammond
1) William Tyndale was burned at the stake in 1536 for translating the Bible into English from the original Greek and Hebrew.
2) Two other Protestant bishops, Hugh Latimer and Nicolas Ridley, were burned at the stake in 1555 at Balliol College, Oxford for their Protestant faith, along with Archbishop Thomas Cranmer four months later.
3) Their martyrdom served to inspire further calls for Bible translation into English and the Protestant Reformation in England, though over 450 years later their sacrifices are often forgotten.
1666 and the Occultic Roots of the New World DisorderPeter Hammond
This document summarizes the occult roots and teachings of Sabbatai Zevi, a 17th century Jewish rabbi who declared himself the messiah. Some key points:
1) Zevi taught that salvation comes through sin and redemption is achieved through deception and breaking religious laws. He encouraged sexual immorality and breaking dietary laws.
2) Zevi's teachings, known as Sabbateanism, spread rapidly among Jews but he was rejected by many rabbis. When threatened with death by the Sultan, he converted to Islam.
3) Sabbatean followers believed conversion was part of Zevi's messianic mission and continued secret Sabbatean practices after
George Whitefield - Calvinist, Evangelist and RevivalistPeter Hammond
George Whitefield (1714-1770) was an influential English Anglican priest and leader in the 18th century Protestant evangelical movement known as the Great Awakening. He was renowned as an eloquent preacher who drew immense crowds across Britain and America through his passionate open-air sermons. Whitefield helped spark revivals of Christianity in both countries and established orphanages and schools. Though he had theological differences with John Wesley, the two were ultimately reconciled and helped spread evangelical Christianity. Whitefield preached an extraordinary number of sermons in his lifetime and traveled extensively despite poor health, establishing himself as one of the most important religious figures of his era.
The document discusses the importance and power of prayer in the church and for Christians. It notes that prayer meetings used to be a central part of church life but have declined in many Western churches today. When the author was first converted, their local church had vibrant weekly prayer meetings, men's meetings, and outreach events, but these were suspended due to conflicts with television viewing. The document advocates that prayer, studying the Bible, and evangelism should be core priorities and activities for all Christians and churches. It provides many examples from the Bible of the emphasis on prayer and how prayer strengthened the early church.
Oliver Cromwell the Protector and the English Civil WarPeter Hammond
Oliver Cromwell was a dedicated Puritan and military leader who played a pivotal role in the English Civil War and overthrow of the monarchy. As a member of Parliament, he helped dismantle the King's oppressive powers and supported religious freedom. Cromwell went on to select and train a highly disciplined New Model Army that proved victorious against Royalist forces. However, he opposed Presbyterian attempts to impose religious uniformity, believing in liberty of conscience. This led to further conflict and ultimately the trial and execution of King Charles I in 1649, with Cromwell establishing himself as Lord Protector afterwards.
The document provides an overview of the Book of Acts, describing it as an account of the origin and expansion of the early Christian church. It summarizes that Acts shows Christianity conquering pagan cultures through the power of the Holy Spirit, acting as a missionary manual. Key events and figures in the spread of Christianity are highlighted, obstacles to communicating the gospel cross-culturally are examined, and the church's strategies for successful missionary work are outlined.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
5. “He was
born in an
obscure
village, the
child of a
peasant
woman.
6. He grew up in another village,
where He worked in a carpenter
shop until He was thirty.
7. Then for three
years He was
an itinerant
preacher.
He never wrote
a book.
He never held
an office.
8. He never had a
family or a
home.
He didn’t go to
college.
He never visited
a big city.
9. He never travelled
far from the
place where He
was born.
He did none of the
things that
usually
accompany
greatness.
He had no
credentials but
Himself.
10. He was only thirty-three when the tide of public opinion
turned against Him.
16. Nineteen centuries have come and gone, and today
He is the central Figure of the human race.
17. All the armies that ever marched, all the navies that
ever sailed, all the parliaments that ever sat, all the
kings that ever reigned, put together, have not
affected the life of man on this earth as much as
that one solitary Life.”
18. There is no doubt that
Jesus Christ is the
greatest Man who has
ever lived in all of
history.
He changed
the world
forever.
19. • When He was born, He transformed the very way
we measure time
20. • He turned aside the river of the ages out of its
course and lifted the centuries off their hinges.
His birthday, His Incarnation, touched and
transformed time.
21. Now the whole world counts time as Before Christ
(BC) and AD (Anno Domini – in the year of our
Lord). Jesus Christ is the central figure of history.
22. • More books have been written about Jesus Christ
than any other person in history.
23. • The world before Christ was a world without
hospitals, a world without charity, a world without
respect for the sanctity of life.
24. • . Hospitals were an innovation of Christianity.
Hence the healing symbol of a cross represents
hospitals.
25. • The nursing profession was
founded by Christians such
as Florence Nightingale out
of devotion for Christ.
26.
27.
28.
29. • One of history’s greatest humanitarian movements,
the International Red Cross, was founded by
Christians
30. • in response to the Scriptural injunctions to care for
the sick and the suffering
31. • Christians such as Dr.
Louis Pasteur have
fuelled some of the
greatest practical
advances in medicine.
• Pasteur has probably
saved more lives than
any other individual in
history through his
inventions.
32. The whole concept of
charity was a Christian
innovation. Benevolence
to strangers was unknown
before Christ.
The teachings and example
of Jesus Christ have
inspired the greatest acts
of generosity, hospitality,
self-sacrifice and service
for the poor, sick and
needy over two thousand
years.
33. The teachings and
example of Jesus
Christ have inspired
the greatest acts of
generosity,
hospitality,
self-sacrifice and
service for the poor,
sick and needy over
two thousand years.
34. • Before the advent of Christianity every culture-
practised slavery and human sacrifice – even the
highly esteemed Greek and Roman civilisations.
Child sacrifice was common among the pagan
religions.
35. • The Aztec
Empire in
Mexico and
• Inca Empire in
Peru engaged in
slavery, ritual
rapes and mass
human sacrifice.
36. • Suttee, the burning of widows on the funeral pyres
of their husbands, was common practice in Hindu
India before the missionary William Carey arrived.
37. • Slavery was
eradicated as a
result of
tireless efforts
of Christians
such as
William
Wilberforce
39. • Those promoting abortion, euthanasia and
pornography are not offering us progress, but only a
return to pre-Christian paganism.
40. • The positive impact of Jesus
Christ on the world cannot be
overstated. Everything from
education to human rights,
from public health to
economic liberty – the things
we cherish most and many of
the blessings we take for
granted – all can be traced to
the spiritual and the cultural
revolution begun by Jesus
Christ.
41. • The irrefutable fact is that Christianity gave birth
to modern science. The scientific revolution began
with the Protestant Reformation and the Bible
played a vital part in the development of scientific
discovery.
42. • Every major branch of science was developed by
a Bible believing Christian.
• The Bible essentially created science.
43. • When we get into a car, start the engine, turn on the
lights, drive to a hospital, receive an anaesthetic
before an operation, and have an effective operation
done in a germ-free environment, we need to
remember that we owe it all to Jesus Christ.
44. • “Every school you
see – public or
private, religious or
secular –
is a visible reminder of
the religion of Jesus
Christ.
So is every college and
university.”
• Dr. James Kennedy.
Harvard
45. • The phenomenon of education for the masses has its
roots in Christianity. The pursuit of the knowledge
of God in a systematic, philosophical and in-depth
way gave rise to the phenomenon of universities all
around the world.
46. • It was the Christian faith that gave rise to the
idea of higher learning.
47. • Most of the languages of the world were first set
to writing by Christian missionaries. The first
book in most languages of the world has been the
Bible.
48. • Christianity has been the greatest force for
promoting literacy worldwide throughout
history.
49. • The Christian missionary movement in the 19th
Century pioneered tens of thousands of schools
throughout Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands –
providing education for countless millions, even in
the remotest jungles, giving the gift of literacy to
tribes which had
never before had a written
language.
50. • There is no doubt
that Jesus Christ
was the greatest
Teacher the world
has ever known.
• When He spoke,
“They were
astonished at His
teaching, for He
taught them as one
having
authority…”
Mark 1:22.
51. • The life, teachings and example of Jesus Christ have
profoundly influenced the whole development of
education worldwide.
The Great Commission of our Lord Jesus was to
“make disciples of all nations…teaching them…”
Matthew 28:19-20
52. • From the very beginning Christians were establishing
schools. Amongst the many innovations in Christian
Education was that these Christian schools taught
everybody, including girls and women.
Formally educating both sexes was a Christian innovation.
53. • The Greeks and Romans before the birth of Christ
did not formally educate girls. Only boys from the
privileged classes obtained an education.
57. GRADED EDUCATION
Graded levels of education was first introduced in the 16th Century by
a German Lutheran layman, Johann Sturm, who believed that this
system would motivate students to study, because they would be
rewarded by advancing to the next level. Sturm introduced the
gymnasium, in Strassburg in 1538.
58. KINDERGARTENS
Kindergartens were first established by Frederick Froebel (1782 -
1852). Froebel was a devout Christian who believed that the world of
man and nature were connected by God.
59. The son of a German
Lutheran pastor,
Froebel developed the
idea of a school that
would allow young
children to grow under
the care of an expert
gardener (a teacher) in
a children's garden
(kindergarten) because
he had often helped his
father in the family
garden.
60. EDUCATION FOR THE DEAF
Education for the deaf was
also pioneered by
Christians.
Charles L'Epee
developed a sign language
for formally teaching the
deaf,
in 1775.
61. Before Jesus
Christ, human
life in the Greek
and Roman
world was
extremely cheap.
Infants born with
physical defects
such as
blindness, were
commonly
abandoned to die
in the wilderness.
62. • In Greece, blind
babies were cast into
the sea. Those who
survived their blind
infancy, or became
blind later in
childhood usually
became galley slaves,
and blind girls were
commonly assigned to
a life of prostitution
63. However, Jesus Christ
showed particular
compassion for the
blind, healing many
blind individuals
during His ministry
on earth.
64. When the Roman
persecution of the Church
ended, in the 4th Century,
Christians established
asylums for the blind. In
the 19th Century, Louis
Braille, a dedicated
Christian who lost his
eyesight at age three,
developed the worlds first
alphabet that enabled
blind people to read with
their fingers.
65. Sunday schools
were begun by
Robert Raikes in
1780 to provide
boys and girls
from the poorest
homes with the
gift of literacy
and the riches of
the Scriptures
66. • The first universities grew out of the monastic
missionary centers, which had discipled Europe.
67. • The first
university
lecturers were
the missionary
monks who had
collected books,
accumulated
libraries, copied
manuscripts and
were uniquely
equipped for
advanced
academic study.
68. • Most universities began as Christian schools,
including Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Oxford,
Cambridge, Heidelberg and Basel.
69. • The greatest invention in
the field of learning, the
printing press, by
Johannes Gutenberg, was
also a fruit of the Christian
faith.
• The first book to
be printed was the
Bible.
70. • The very name “university” testifies to its Christian
origins. University means “One Truth”.
71. • Isn’t it time that teachers, lecturers and professors
took an in depth look at the greatest Teacher the
world has ever known, the greatest Book ever
produced and the Faith with inspired and
pioneered every major branch of education and
science?
72. • Just consider some
of the every-day
things, which have
been inspired by the
Bible.
The word “breakfast”
comes from the
concept of breaking
the fast.
73. • The word “restaurant” comes from Jesus’ promise
in Matthew 11:28 “Come to Me, all you who labour
and are heavy laden and I will give you rest.”
74. • The first restaurant founded in Paris in 1766 placed
that verse from Matthew 11:28 in bold letters
outside this first public establishment dedicated to
providing meals in a pleasant atmosphere.
75. • The fact that our week consists of seven days is a
testimony to the fact of God creating the world in
six days, resting on the seventh.
76. • The practice of Sunday being a Day of rest dates
back to the Christian tradition of honouring the first
day of the week as the Lord’s Day, a testimony to
the fact that Jesus Christ rose from the dead on the
first day of the week.
77. • Every time a newspaper publishes the date, it is a
testimony to the centrality of Christ. When we call
this the year 2014, we are acknowledging that Jesus
Christ is the central focus of history. This is the
year 2014 AD, ‘in the year of our Lord’.
78. • The very word “goodbye” comes from a parting
prayer: God be with ye.
97. • In the modern era,
Christian teaching has
advanced science,
inspired political,
social and economic
freedom, promoted
justice and provided
the greatest inspiration
for the most
magnificent
achievements in art,
architecture, music and
literature.
98. • Christianity has been
the most powerful agent
in transforming society
for the better across
2000 years. No other
religion, philosophy,
teaching, nation or
movement has changed
the world for the better
as Christianity has
done.
99. • Jesus Christ is the greatest
Man who has ever lived, and
the Bible is the greatest Book
ever written.
100. • The Bible is the number one
best selling book
in all of history.
It is estimated that well over
30 million Bibles and
100 million New Testaments
are printed every year.
101. • The Bible has also been translated into more
languages than any other book in history.
113. • He went to hell – that we might go to Heaven.
114. • He endured what we deserve – that we might
enjoy what only He deserves.
115. There is one appointment not one of us will miss.
In fact none of us will even be able to be late for this
appointment.
“It is appointed unto man once to die and after this to
face Judgement.” Hebrews 9:27
116. We do not know when, or under what
circumstances, our lives will come to an end. But
we do know that when we die we will stand before
Almighty God, our Creator and eternal Judge, and
we will have to give an account of our lives to Him.
117. “For we must all appear before the
judgement seat of Christ, that each
one may receive what is due to him
for the things done while in the body,
whether good or bad.” 2 Corinthians 5:10
118. “Only life,
it will soon
be passed
– only
what’s done
for Christ
will last.”
119. We need to work out our priorities in the light of
eternity. We need to invest our time, talents and
treasure into those things that are going to last for
eternity:
the people of God,
the Word of God
and the Kingdom of God.
These are what are ultimately important.
120. “Seek first the Kingdom of God, and His
righteousness and all these things will be
added unto you.” Matthew 6:33
121. In the light of eternity, knowing that you are going
to stand before the Creator and eternal Judge, you
need to review your life’s work, your family
relationships, habits and activities.
122. Imagine: On that great day when you will stand
before the Judgement seat of Christ and give an
account of your life, do you really believe that any
of us will be thinking:
124. I was too generous! I should have held on to that
grudge for longer! I was too spiritual! I spent too
much time studying the Bible and praying! I was
too evangelistic! I sacrificed too much for God’s
Kingdom!
125. Seriously, in eternity: Will any of us regret
praying too much? Studying the Bible too
intently? Being too forgiving? Being too
generous? Sacrificing too much for God’s
Kingdom?
126. If you knew that you would die next year – what
would you do differently this year? We need to
work out our priorities in the light of eternity.
127. If I were to ask: What is the greatest need and
priority of your life? What would you think?:
Academic achievement? Promotion? Marriage?
Political advancement? Success in business?
Money? Career? Or evangelism?
128. When our Lord Jesus
was asked what the
greatest commandment
was He replied:
“And you shall love the
Lord your God with all
your heart, with all your
soul, with all your mind,
and with all your
strength…you shall love
your neighbour as
yourself.”
Mark 12:30-31
129. It follows then that the greatest sin would be to fail
to love God with all our heart.
Failure to love God is the root sin that leads to all
others.
130. You cannot truly love your neighbour unless you
first love God. The Scripture makes clear that even
more serious than the bad we have done, evil as that
is, is the good that we could have done,
but did not do (Matthew 25:41-46)
131. “Therefore to him who
knows to do good and does
not do it, to him it is sin.”
James 4:17
132. What really matters? To know God and to make Him
known. To know the Word of God and the God of the
Word. Our greatest priority is to love God above all else
and more than anyone else. This is what really matters.
133. There are three ways of rejecting Christ:
By procrastination – knowing the truth,
being convinced, caring, but not actually
getting around to making a decision.
By apathy – knowing the truth, but not caring
enough to do something about it
Blatantly – like Atheism, denying God and
openly rejecting Him.
134. It is not enough to know the truth of Gospel in
our heads, we need to believe in our hearts. With
all our heart. It is not enough to know about
God, we must know Him personally, we need to
have a personal relationship with Him. We need
to trust Christ, love Him, follow and obey Him.
135. Our Lord Jesus commanded His disciples
to preach the Gospel of repentance and
forgiveness of sins to all nations.
136. Biblical repentance
involves far more
than feeling sorry
for our sins.
Sometimes we are
only sorry because
we got caught. That
is not repentance,
that is remorse.
138. You need to respond to the Gospel of Christ in
repentance and faith. “Trust and obey, there is no
other way to be happy in Jesus but to trust and
obey.”
139. You do not want to settle for just knowing the truth
in your head, and failing to respond wholeheartedly
with trust and obedience in your heart.
140. Jesus Christ came to this world in order to die for
our sins. We need to respond in repentance and
faith.
141. We need a change of mind, a change of heart
and a change of life. This is what Biblical
Repentance is all about. Jesus is the reason
for the season.
142. Do you want to be one of those wise men who
seek Him?
143. “Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no
other Name under heaven given to men by which
we must be saved.” Acts 4:12
144.
145.
146. Frontline Fellowship
PO Box 74
Newlands
7725
Cape Town
South Africa
E-mail: admin@frontline.org.za
Web: www.frontline.org.za