Grenada is a parliamentary representative democracy and Commonwealth realm. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, represented by a Governor-General. The head of government is the Prime Minister. Parliament is bicameral, consisting of a directly elected 15-seat House of Representatives and a 13-seat Senate appointed by the Governor-General. Grenada gained independence from Britain in 1974 and has a population of around 113,000 people.
Eritrea is located in the Horn of Africa and has a long history, transitioning between rule by various kingdoms and empires. It was eventually colonized by Italy in the late 19th century. After World War II, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia but Ethiopia annexed Eritrea in 1962, leading to a 30-year war for independence. Eritrea gained independence in 1993 after a UN-monitored referendum but is now a one-party totalitarian dictatorship under an authoritarian president and ruling party, with no active democracy or civil liberties.
Eritrea is located in the Horn of Africa and has a long history, transitioning between rule by various kingdoms and empires. It was eventually colonized by Italy in the late 19th century. After World War II, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia but Ethiopia annexed Eritrea in 1962, leading to a 30-year war for independence. Eritrea gained independence in 1993 after a UN-monitored referendum but is now a one-party totalitarian dictatorship under an authoritarian president and ruling party, with no active democracy or civil liberties.
This document provides an overview of Chile's government system. It describes Chile as a representative democratic republic with an elected president and bicameral legislature. The president acts as both head of state and head of government, appointing ministers. The legislature consists of a lower Chamber of Deputies and upper Senate. Elections for president and deputies use proportional representation systems. The judiciary and constitutional framework are also summarized.
I talk about Jamaica's system of government from how the British monarch is recognised as its head of state, and how the legislative and executive work as well as elections.
The document summarizes the government system of Comoros. It is a federal presidential republic made up of three main islands and a rotating presidency between them. Each island has some autonomy over local matters while being part of the larger union government. The president is both head of state and government, appointing ministers and promulgating laws. The unicameral parliament introduces and passes laws. Elections occur every five years for both the presidency and parliament.
The document outlines citizenship provisions in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It defines citizens as those who were citizens at the time of the constitution's adoption, those with Filipino mothers or fathers, and those who become naturalized. It also defines natural-born citizens as those who acquire citizenship from birth without undertaking any action. Citizenship can be lost or reacquired as provided by law, and citizens who marry aliens retain citizenship unless they renounce it by act or omission. Dual allegiance is considered counter to national interests.
The Government System of the Republic of CyprusCharlie
I talk about the government system of the Republic of Cyprus from executive to legislative and also how it has provisions in its constitution ready for if the country ever reunites with North Cyprus.
The 1973 Constitution of the Philippines established a parliamentary system of government, vesting legislative power in the National Assembly. A Prime Minister was elected as head of government and commander-in-chief, while a President served as head of state. The judicial power was vested in the Supreme Court. The Constitution also established independent bodies like the Civil Service Commission and Commission on Audit. It was drafted by a constitutional convention and ratified by citizen assemblies, going into effect in January 1973.
Article II of the Constitution establishes the executive branch and outlines the powers and duties of the President. It specifies that the President must be a natural born citizen over 35 years old, serves a 4-year term, and is both head of state and head of government. As Commander-in-Chief, the President leads the military and appoints Cabinet members to advise on issues. The President can make treaties with approval from the Senate, nominate public officials with Senate consent, grant pardons, and ensure laws are enforced.
The 44th amendment to the Indian Constitution aimed to remove distortions introduced by the 42nd amendment. It sought to safeguard the secular and democratic character of the Constitution, and protect fundamental rights and free elections. Specifically, it restored the powers of the Supreme Court and High Courts. It also modified emergency provisions to prevent future misuse, including requiring Cabinet approval and more stringent parliamentary approval processes for declaring emergencies. The amendment further protected the rights to life and liberty during emergencies.
Article IV of the 1987 Philippine Constitution outlines citizenship. Section 1 defines natural-born citizens as those citizens at the time of adoption, those with Filipino parents, and those born to Filipino mothers before 1973 who choose Philippine citizenship at adulthood. Section 2 defines natural-born citizens as those with citizenship from birth without needing to perform acts. Citizenship can be lost or reacquired under law. Spouses of aliens retain citizenship unless they renounce it. Dual allegiance is against national interest and will be addressed by law. There are natural-born and naturalized citizens. Laws like the Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000 and Citizenship Retention and Reacquisition Act of 2003 govern citizenship matters.
The document summarizes Philippine citizenship laws. It states that citizenship can be acquired through jus solis (birth within the country), jus sanguinis (having a Filipino parent), or naturalization. It also discusses how citizenship is affected by marriage to foreign nationals and how citizenship can be lost or reacquired.
This document summarizes key sections of Article IV of the Philippine Constitution regarding citizenship. It discusses the following:
Section 1 outlines the types of citizens - those who were citizens at the time of the new constitution, those with Filipino parents or mothers who elected citizenship, and those who are naturalized.
Section 2 defines natural-born citizens as those who acquire citizenship from birth without needing any act, and those who elected citizenship under Section 1.3.
Section 3 states that citizenship can be lost or reacquired as provided by law. Loss can be voluntary or involuntary. Section 4 allows Filipino citizens who marry aliens to retain citizenship unless they renounce it. Section 5 says dual allegiance will be addressed by
The document discusses the upcoming French presidential election, providing details on:
- Requirements to run for president including obtaining 500 signatures from officials and submitting financial records.
- The division of power in the French government between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
- The president's powers including appointing the prime minister and dissolving the National Assembly.
- Issues in the election like immigration, the EU, unemployment, and France's role globally.
- Voting will take place on April 22nd and May 6th, with a runoff between the top candidates if no one wins a majority.
The document summarizes Guinea's government system. It has a semi-presidential republic system with a president as head of state and prime minister as head of government. The unicameral National Assembly is the legislative body. The president has significant powers but must work with the prime minister and assembly. There are also judicial and local government structures described. The country has faced political instability and transitions of power since independence.
This document summarizes key sections from Article 1 and 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution related to national territory, sovereignty, and principles of governance. The main points are:
1) The Philippines is defined as an archipelago based on its geography of many islands. Its territory comprises the entire Philippine Archipelago and waters in between islands.
2) Sovereignty resides with the Filipino people. While exercised indirectly through elected representatives, it can also be directly exercised through suffrage and participation in systems like initiatives and referendums.
3) The constitution establishes the Philippines as a democratic and republican state with separation of powers and adherence to principles of international law, peace, equality and justice with all nations.
The document discusses key issues facing Reconstruction, including how to bring the South back into the Union, rebuild the post-war South, and protect freed black people. It outlines President Lincoln's 10% Plan, the Wade-Davis Bill, the Freedmen's Bureau Act, and President Johnson's more lenient Reconstruction plan. Congress grew alarmed by black codes and Johnson's actions, leading to passage of the 14th Amendment and military Reconstruction under Congressional Acts in 1867.
The document outlines the principles of the Philippine constitution. It establishes that the Philippines is a democratic and republican state where sovereignty resides with the people. It discusses the country's adherence to democratic principles like separation of powers and free elections. It also covers foreign policy principles like renouncing war and adhering to international law. The constitution aims to protect civil liberties and promote social justice.
The document summarizes key events and issues during the creation of the US Constitution between 1787-1791. It describes the secret Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia where delegates sought to create a new stronger national government rather than fix the Articles of Confederation. It outlines debates around representation in Congress and the role of slavery. The Virginia and New Jersey Plans emerged as alternatives, leading to compromises to balance power between large and small states. The Constitution was then drafted and ratified by nine of the thirteen states, with Federalists supporting it and Anti-Federalists opposing due to concerns about centralized power. The Bill of Rights was later added in 1791.
I talk about Kiribati's system of government from executive to legislative and how elections work on the small but vast series of islands of this little-known nation.
The document summarizes the government system of El Salvador. It describes El Salvador as a presidential representative republic with an executive branch led by a president and legislative branch consisting of a unicameral Legislative Assembly. Key points include that the president acts as both head of state and head of government, appoints ministers, commands the armed forces, and can declare states of emergency. The Legislative Assembly passes laws, approves the budget and international treaties, and elects certain officials. Elections take place every 3-5 years via proportional representation.
This document provides an overview of Chile's government system. It describes Chile as a representative democratic republic with an elected president and bicameral legislature. The president acts as both head of state and head of government, appointing ministers. The legislature consists of a lower Chamber of Deputies and upper Senate. Elections for president and deputies use proportional representation systems. The judiciary and constitutional framework are also summarized.
I talk about Jamaica's system of government from how the British monarch is recognised as its head of state, and how the legislative and executive work as well as elections.
The document summarizes the government system of Comoros. It is a federal presidential republic made up of three main islands and a rotating presidency between them. Each island has some autonomy over local matters while being part of the larger union government. The president is both head of state and government, appointing ministers and promulgating laws. The unicameral parliament introduces and passes laws. Elections occur every five years for both the presidency and parliament.
The document outlines citizenship provisions in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It defines citizens as those who were citizens at the time of the constitution's adoption, those with Filipino mothers or fathers, and those who become naturalized. It also defines natural-born citizens as those who acquire citizenship from birth without undertaking any action. Citizenship can be lost or reacquired as provided by law, and citizens who marry aliens retain citizenship unless they renounce it by act or omission. Dual allegiance is considered counter to national interests.
The Government System of the Republic of CyprusCharlie
I talk about the government system of the Republic of Cyprus from executive to legislative and also how it has provisions in its constitution ready for if the country ever reunites with North Cyprus.
The 1973 Constitution of the Philippines established a parliamentary system of government, vesting legislative power in the National Assembly. A Prime Minister was elected as head of government and commander-in-chief, while a President served as head of state. The judicial power was vested in the Supreme Court. The Constitution also established independent bodies like the Civil Service Commission and Commission on Audit. It was drafted by a constitutional convention and ratified by citizen assemblies, going into effect in January 1973.
Article II of the Constitution establishes the executive branch and outlines the powers and duties of the President. It specifies that the President must be a natural born citizen over 35 years old, serves a 4-year term, and is both head of state and head of government. As Commander-in-Chief, the President leads the military and appoints Cabinet members to advise on issues. The President can make treaties with approval from the Senate, nominate public officials with Senate consent, grant pardons, and ensure laws are enforced.
The 44th amendment to the Indian Constitution aimed to remove distortions introduced by the 42nd amendment. It sought to safeguard the secular and democratic character of the Constitution, and protect fundamental rights and free elections. Specifically, it restored the powers of the Supreme Court and High Courts. It also modified emergency provisions to prevent future misuse, including requiring Cabinet approval and more stringent parliamentary approval processes for declaring emergencies. The amendment further protected the rights to life and liberty during emergencies.
Article IV of the 1987 Philippine Constitution outlines citizenship. Section 1 defines natural-born citizens as those citizens at the time of adoption, those with Filipino parents, and those born to Filipino mothers before 1973 who choose Philippine citizenship at adulthood. Section 2 defines natural-born citizens as those with citizenship from birth without needing to perform acts. Citizenship can be lost or reacquired under law. Spouses of aliens retain citizenship unless they renounce it. Dual allegiance is against national interest and will be addressed by law. There are natural-born and naturalized citizens. Laws like the Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000 and Citizenship Retention and Reacquisition Act of 2003 govern citizenship matters.
The document summarizes Philippine citizenship laws. It states that citizenship can be acquired through jus solis (birth within the country), jus sanguinis (having a Filipino parent), or naturalization. It also discusses how citizenship is affected by marriage to foreign nationals and how citizenship can be lost or reacquired.
This document summarizes key sections of Article IV of the Philippine Constitution regarding citizenship. It discusses the following:
Section 1 outlines the types of citizens - those who were citizens at the time of the new constitution, those with Filipino parents or mothers who elected citizenship, and those who are naturalized.
Section 2 defines natural-born citizens as those who acquire citizenship from birth without needing any act, and those who elected citizenship under Section 1.3.
Section 3 states that citizenship can be lost or reacquired as provided by law. Loss can be voluntary or involuntary. Section 4 allows Filipino citizens who marry aliens to retain citizenship unless they renounce it. Section 5 says dual allegiance will be addressed by
The document discusses the upcoming French presidential election, providing details on:
- Requirements to run for president including obtaining 500 signatures from officials and submitting financial records.
- The division of power in the French government between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
- The president's powers including appointing the prime minister and dissolving the National Assembly.
- Issues in the election like immigration, the EU, unemployment, and France's role globally.
- Voting will take place on April 22nd and May 6th, with a runoff between the top candidates if no one wins a majority.
The document summarizes Guinea's government system. It has a semi-presidential republic system with a president as head of state and prime minister as head of government. The unicameral National Assembly is the legislative body. The president has significant powers but must work with the prime minister and assembly. There are also judicial and local government structures described. The country has faced political instability and transitions of power since independence.
This document summarizes key sections from Article 1 and 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution related to national territory, sovereignty, and principles of governance. The main points are:
1) The Philippines is defined as an archipelago based on its geography of many islands. Its territory comprises the entire Philippine Archipelago and waters in between islands.
2) Sovereignty resides with the Filipino people. While exercised indirectly through elected representatives, it can also be directly exercised through suffrage and participation in systems like initiatives and referendums.
3) The constitution establishes the Philippines as a democratic and republican state with separation of powers and adherence to principles of international law, peace, equality and justice with all nations.
The document discusses key issues facing Reconstruction, including how to bring the South back into the Union, rebuild the post-war South, and protect freed black people. It outlines President Lincoln's 10% Plan, the Wade-Davis Bill, the Freedmen's Bureau Act, and President Johnson's more lenient Reconstruction plan. Congress grew alarmed by black codes and Johnson's actions, leading to passage of the 14th Amendment and military Reconstruction under Congressional Acts in 1867.
The document outlines the principles of the Philippine constitution. It establishes that the Philippines is a democratic and republican state where sovereignty resides with the people. It discusses the country's adherence to democratic principles like separation of powers and free elections. It also covers foreign policy principles like renouncing war and adhering to international law. The constitution aims to protect civil liberties and promote social justice.
The document summarizes key events and issues during the creation of the US Constitution between 1787-1791. It describes the secret Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia where delegates sought to create a new stronger national government rather than fix the Articles of Confederation. It outlines debates around representation in Congress and the role of slavery. The Virginia and New Jersey Plans emerged as alternatives, leading to compromises to balance power between large and small states. The Constitution was then drafted and ratified by nine of the thirteen states, with Federalists supporting it and Anti-Federalists opposing due to concerns about centralized power. The Bill of Rights was later added in 1791.
I talk about Kiribati's system of government from executive to legislative and how elections work on the small but vast series of islands of this little-known nation.
The document summarizes the government system of El Salvador. It describes El Salvador as a presidential representative republic with an executive branch led by a president and legislative branch consisting of a unicameral Legislative Assembly. Key points include that the president acts as both head of state and head of government, appoints ministers, commands the armed forces, and can declare states of emergency. The Legislative Assembly passes laws, approves the budget and international treaties, and elects certain officials. Elections take place every 3-5 years via proportional representation.
Cuba has a one-party communist system led by the Communist Party of Cuba. The President is the head of state and chief diplomat but holds less power than the First Secretary of the Communist Party. The National Assembly is the unicameral legislature, whose members are elected through a multi-round system by local committees dominated by the Communist Party. The Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister, acts as the executive branch and is responsible for implementing policies set by the National Assembly. Elections occur every five years for the National Assembly and top leadership positions.
Canada has a parliamentary system of government with three levels: federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal/local. At the federal level, the legislative branch consists of the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch includes the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The Prime Minister is head of government and chooses the Cabinet. Each level of government has separate spheres of responsibility, such as national defense for federal and education for provincial/territorial governments.
Cambodia has a constitutional monarchy with a ceremonial king as head of state. The prime minister is the head of government and leads the Council of Ministers. The bicameral parliament consists of the National Assembly and Senate. Elections use proportional representation to elect members to the National Assembly, who then form the government. Buddhism is the dominant religion.
I talk about the government system of Equatorial Guinea, a small country found in Africa. I go over its system from executive to legislative and how the electoral system operates.
The Government System of the Kingdom of Eswatini Charlie
I talk about Ewatini's system of government from the monarchy to the executive and legislative to see how the small country operates. Many may know the country from its recent former name Swaziland.
Canada's government consists of three branches: the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch implements laws, and the judicial branch applies laws. The legislative branch is Parliament, composed of the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch includes the Prime Minister and Cabinet who oversee government departments. The judicial branch, independent of Parliament, interprets laws through the court system headed by the Supreme Court of Canada.
I go over the government system of Barbados from executive to legislative and how elections work on the small island nation that was once apart of the British Empire.
The Problem with School Uniforms and the Possible FixesCharlie
I talk about how school uniforms can be disruptive for autistic people and people with learning disabilities and look into what can be done to improve the situation.
The Possible Implications of Sky AdvertisingCharlie
1. A Candy Crush advertisement displayed in the sky over New York City using drones sparked discussion about the potential implications of sky advertising.
2. Regulations currently focus on drone safety and security, but sky advertising is new and unregulated. Advertisers may be interested in using colorful, moving light shows at night to reach massive audiences.
3. Regulations could be needed to limit when and where sky ads occur to prevent overcommercialization of the night sky and impacts on wildlife, while also addressing citizen concerns about losing clear night skies.
The document summarizes Montenegro's complex governmental system and history. Montenegro is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic with a directly elected president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. The country has experienced various rulers throughout its history, including being part of the Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Montenegro declared independence in 2006 and now has a multi-party parliamentary system within a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic.
1. The document discusses 7 simple things the author learned about JavaScript, including that JavaScript engines like V8 and SpiderMonkey power different browsers, languages can transpile to JavaScript, the ECMA-262 specification defines JavaScript, Firefox and Chrome have the best developer tools, the <script> tag inserts JavaScript into HTML, semicolons end statements but can be omitted, and strict mode was introduced to handle changes to the language.
Looking into COBOL and Being Serious About itCharlie
I talk about the OG COBOL programming language and explain how its still more prevalent than you probably realise. I go over its history, things it was used for, and how it continues in the modern world.
I go over some useful and fun browser website tools that can be used to do things like get videos, video conversion to other formats, search, and a website full of OSINT tools.
I talk about how getting lower grades in school does not mean you have to settle for less. School is not for everyone and we can create our own pathways.
Tim Berners-Lee Inventor of the World Wide WebCharlie
A blog post adapted from my presentation about Tim Berners-Lee who invented the world wide web. Goes over the history and some other information on Tim Berners-Lee.
British Virgin Islands Enquiry Asks for Direct Rule from BritainCharlie
I talk about the prospect of direct rule for the British Virgin Islands following a corruption enquiry and arrest of their Premier. I also look into what happened with the Turks and Caicos Islands when they were under direct rule.
I give an overview of the 2022 local elections that are happening later this week. This includes all of the council/local authority elections, mayoral elections, and the assembly election in Northern Ireland.
Britains 5 Original National Free-to-Air Television ChannelsCharlie
I look into the five national british television channels, BBC One and Two, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5. Includes their founding, history, setup, structure and how each managed to be successful.
Unemployment Among People with Autism is a Systemic Problem not an Individual...Charlie
I talk about how the unemployment issue among people with Autism is clearly a systemic issue and not an individual's issue alone. I highlight many of the common issues and barriers people with Autism face with employment and as a result many give up or try a more unconventional path.
How I Once Ran a Successful Facebook Page The Rise and FallCharlie
I talk about how I once ran a successful community-focused social media page that includes what I think I did right and wrong. I also talk about how and why it eventually came to an end.
The Weekly Update 1 TV Channel Blog Post Short Blogs and MoreCharlie
The first in the regular Weekly Update series for The Weekly Rambler blog. Goes over misc topics and gives information on what is happening with the blog and its content on a weekly basis.
A Look at Dark Items 4 The Binding of Isaac A Lump of Coal and KrampusCharlie
I look into the darkness and origins behind the Alpine folkloric being that is Krampus and I also look into the origins of why coal for Christmas is now a negative thing.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
The Government System of Grenada
1. Post author By Charlie November 19, 2020
The Government System of Grenada
theweeklyrambler.com/the-government-system-of-grenada/
Grenada is an island nation located in
the Caribbean and surrounded by the
Caribbean Sea, the main island is also
called Grenada and is surrounded by
several smaller islands a part of the
nation. The island is off the coast of
Venezuela and other nearby islands
include Trinidad and Tobago, St.
Vincent and the Grenadines and
Barbados. The country’s capital city of
St. George’s is located on the main
island on the coast of the St. George
parish.
Before arrival of European
colonization, the islands were known
to be inhabited by the indigenous
Arawak peoples which were eventually
replaced by Island Caribs peoples. It is said that Christopher Columbus was the first
European to spot the island in 1409 during his Third Voyage, but although the Spanish
apparently claimed the island they never landed there and attempted settlement,
instead it was the British who first attempted colonization but were driven away by the
Island Caribs.
Eventually the French set up a colony on Grenada in 1649 and although there was an
attempt at peace between the French colonists and the Island Caribs it wasn’t long until
fighting broke out, leading to the French taking complete control of the island by 1654.
Colonists set up plantations on the island which were worked by African slaves.
The island was captured by the British in 1762 during the Seven Years’ War and the
French ceded it to them via the Treaty of Paris the following year. The French would
briefly recapture the island in 1779 while taking exploit of the American Revolutionary
War, but after the war the French returned the island to British rule via the Treaty of
Versailles in 1783. Dissatisfaction persisted though against British rule on the island
leading to a pro-French revolt from 1795 to 1796 which was defeated by the British.
The islands economy grew and led to more African slaves being brought over and forced
to work on the island until slavery was outlawed where then migrants, specifically from
India, took over the work. The island became a British Crown Colony in 1877.
Eventually movements for further self-government and voting rights for the Grenada
1/10
2. population begun, from 1952 the island became part of the West Indies Federation until
it collapsed in 1962, after this the British gave the country full autonomy over its
internal affairs in 1967 and eventually independence in 1974, as a part of the
Commonwealth Realm where the British Monarch remained Head of State, represented
by a Governor-General.
Following independence tensions and eventually civil conflict broke out between the
ruling party of Gairy and opposition parties, specifically the Marxist New Jewel
Movement, this party would later launch a bloodless coup that removed Gairy from
power, suspended the constitution, banned other political parties and made stronger
relations with other Communist bloc countries.
More hardline Communists though saw Bishop (the new leader) as not revolutionary
enough and he was eventually put under house arrest, released due to his popular
support but then killed by firing squad, leading to a Communist military junta being set
up and starting a four-day curfew where “anyone would be shot on sight if they left their
home”.
The Communist hardline control of Grenada led to the United States invading the island
in 1983 and democratic government was restored.
The islands official language is English and other recognised languages are Grenadian
Creole English and Grenadian Creole French. The largest ethnic group is African
followed by Mixed. The largest religion is Protestant Christianity. The island nations
currency is the East Caribbean Dollar, which it uses alongside Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Dominica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines. The island nations population is coming up to 113,000.
Government Type
2/10
3. Coat of Arms of Grenada. By Sodacan, Wikimedia. CC VBY-SA 4.0.Source.
Grenada is a Parliamentary Representative Democracy. Since Grenada is part of the
Commonwealth Realm the British Monarch is Head of State and is represented by an
appointed Governor-General on the island nation, this position is mostly ceremonial.
The Prime Minister is the Head of Government and a bicameral parliament makes up
the legislative government. Multiple parties are allowed.
The Executive Government
3/10
4. Keith Mitchell, current Prime Minister of
Grenada. Photo by the Foreign and
Commonwealth Office on Flickr. CC BY
2.0. Source.
Governor-General
As said, there is a Governor-General who is
appointed by the British Monarch to represent
them as Head of State on the island, the
Governor-General has no set term and is kept
in place as long as the British Monarch is
content with. The position is mostly
ceremonial with limited powers but it does
serve some important functions, such as
enforcement of the constitution and
appointment of the Prime Minister after
parliamentary elections among other
functions.
If the Governor-General is absent for a time
due to illness or other reason, then he may
appoint a Deputy on advice of the Prime
Minister to perform his/her functions during
that time. The British Monarch can also
appoint an Acting Governor-General.
If there is not a person qualified or willing to accept the position of Leader of the
Opposition (which is appointed by the Governor-General after the outcome of
Parliamentary Elections) then the Governor-General will act on their own judgement
on matters stated in the constitution that required advice from the Leader of the
Opposition.
The Governor-General has the power of prerogative of mercy in name of the British
Monarch and on behalf of the British Monarch. These powers include the power to
pardon, the power to grant respite, the power to substitute a less severe punishment and
the power to remit a sentence in whole or part. The Governor-General is advised on this
power by an advisory committee that includes a Minister as Chairman designated by the
Governor-General on advice of the Prime Minister; the Attorney-General; the Chief
Medical Officer; and three other members appointed by the Governor-General.
4/10
5. The Governor-General appoints public Commissions and Boards usually on advice from
the Prime Minister.
The Executive and Prime Minister
The constitution says that the executive authority of Grenada is vested within the British
monarch who acts through the Governor-General who may act directly or through
officer’s subordinate to him/her.
The Prime Minister, who is Head of Government, is appointed by the Governor-General
after parliamentary elections, typically the leader of the largest party in the House of
Representatives (lower parliamentary chamber). Ministers are appointed and removed
by the Governor-General on advice of the Prime Minister, the number of Ministers is
established by Parliament, and then the Governor-General, on advice of the Prime
Minister. Ministers must be chosen from members of the House of Representatives and
the Senate.
Ministers head Government Departments and exercises general direction and control
over such departments, they are fully responsible for the department’s actions and
policies.
If the office of Prime Minister happens to become vacant during the time that
Parliament is dissolved then the Governor-General can appoint a former member of the
dissolved House of Representatives as Prime Minister, during this time these former
members can also be appointed as Ministers as well, including from the former
members of the dissolved Senate.
The Prime Minister and his/her Government must maintain the confidence of the
House of Representatives to remain in power.
The Prime Minister and Ministers make up the Cabinet of Ministers, the executive
decision-making body of the Government, all its members are collectively responsible.
The Attorney-General, the Government’s principle legal advisor, is also an ex-officio
member of the Cabinet whenever its office is not a public one. It is the job of the Cabinet
to advise the Governor-General to perform actions. The Cabinet does not decide on
removal or appointments of Ministers or Parliamentary Secretaries or the assignment
of business/responsibilities to Ministers, it also does not advise on dissolving
Parliament or on the prerogative of mercy.
The Prime Minister him/herself advises the Governor-General on allocation of
business/responsibilities to Ministers. If the Prime Minister is absent the Governor-
General may authorise a Minister to perform such functions until the Governor-General
revokes them.
It is the duty of the Prime Minister to keep the Governor-General updated on the
conduct of the Government and also to provide information requested by the Governor-
General on the Grenada Government.
5/10
6. The Governor-General appoints and removes Parliamentary Secretaries from among
members of the House of Representatives and the Senate on advice of the Prime
Minister, they will assist Ministers with their duties.
Public Offices
Most Public Officers are appointed, removed and disciplined by the Public Service
Commission of which its members are appointed by the Governor-General on advice of
the Prime Minister. Public officers that this commission doesn’t appoint are Secretaries
and Government Department Heads, although they can give advice to the Governor-
General on these positions; Director of Public Prosecutions; Director of Audit;
magistrates, registrars and legal officers; and members of the Police Force (although
again the Commission can give advice on this to the Governor-General).
There is a Judicial and Legal Services Commission that handles appointments, removals
and discipline of magistrates, registrars and legal officers.
Emergency Provisions
The Governor-General can declare a state of emergency via a proclamation but this will
end unless the Parliament gives its consent and Parliament must also give consent to
any extensions to the State of Emergency. As usual the State of Emergency is only used
during grave and exceptional circumstances such as natural disaster or major terrorist
activities for example, allowing authorities extraordinary powers and suspending
certain rights and guarantees for a period of time. The State of Emergency can be
extended by up to 6-months at a time and can be ended anytime by proclamation of the
Governor-General.
The Legislative Government
6/10
7. The Parliament is based in the capital St. George’s. Photo by DrKreative from Wikimedia. CC
BY 3.0. Source.
The Legislative Government, called the Parliament of Grenada, is a bicameral
parliament made up of the House of Representatives (lower chamber) and the Senate
(upper chamber). The main job of the parliament is to scrutinize introduced legislation,
possibly amend it, and either pass or reject it. The House of Representatives is the
primary chamber, with the Senate (which is meant to act in a more non-partisan
fashion) acting as a checks and balance.
Legislation and amendments can be introduced into either house (except for money
bills which can only be introduced to the House of Representatives) by the Government
or a member of the chamber. Members of the House of Representatives cannot
introduce/move on money bills unless given consent by the Governor-General acting on
advice of the appropriate Minister.
Bills passed by Parliament are received by the Governor-General for royal assent.
The Governor-General can dissolve or prorogue parliament on advice of the Prime
Minister or dissolve Parliament on own judgement if the Prime Minister or Government
has lost a vote of confidence in the House of Representatives. Fresh elections are
organised after parliament is dissolved.
The Senate
The Senate, the upper chamber, currently has 13-members as set by the constitution
which are appointed in various ways by the Governor-General as explained under
electoral system below. There is a President and Deputy President of the Senate, who
represent the Senate and who conduct Senate procedure and make sure in-house rules
7/10
8. are abided and that any debate is orderly. The President of the Senate also has a casting
vote if there is a tie vote. The President and Deputy President of the Senate is elected
from among themselves at the start of the term, they cannot be a member of
Government.
When the Senate amends a bill passed by the House of Representatives it will be sent
back to that chamber to be passed again with the added amendments or rejected
(removing the amendments), if rejected it goes back to the Senate with the amendments
removed. The same thing happens when the House of Representatives amends a bill
that originates in the Senate.
A money bill passed by the House of Representatives that has not been acted on by the
Senate within a month of receiving it will bypass the Senate and be received by the
Governor-General for royal assent.
Other bills that are rejected by the Senate can eventually bypass the Senate if the bill has
been passed in two successive sessions by the House of Representatives at least one
month before the end of the session and that 6-months has passed between those two
sessions and is rejected by the Senate in each of those sessions.
The House of Representatives
The House of Representatives, the lower and primary chamber, currently has 15 elected
members, this number can change if constituencies are added or removed. There is a
Speaker and Deputy Speaker who regulate orderly debate, represent the lower chamber,
conduct procedure of the House and make sure in-house rules are abided. The Speaker
has a casting vote on tied votes only if the Speaker was elected from among their own
members. The Speaker can be elected from among themselves or a Commonwealth
citizen outside of Parliament (which would bring members up to 16), the Deputy
Speaker must be elected from among their own members, neither Speaker or Deputy
Speaker can be a Government member.
The Electoral System
Parliamentary elections happen every 5-years or sooner if parliament is dissolved early
for whatever reason.
The members of the House of Representatives are elected from single-seat
constituencies using a first-past-the-post system. The outcome of the election in the
House of Representatives determines the appointment of Prime Minister and Leader of
the Opposition by the Governor-General, chosen based on who he/she believes has the
confidence of the majority of members (Prime Minister) and confidence of the 2nd
largest number of members in opposition to the governing party (Leader of the
Opposition).
8/10
9. Image by Golbez from Wikimedia. CC BY-SA
2.5. Source.
To stand as a candidate one must be at least 18-years-old, a Commonwealth citizen, and
has either resided in Grenada for at least 12-months or is domiciled and resident in
Grenada at such date. They must also be able to speak English and unless afflicted by
blindness or other physical cause, read English.
Certain things disqualify one from becoming a member such as allegiance to foreign
powers, a prison sentence of longer than 12-months, being under a death sentence
anywhere in the Commonwealth, having an undisclosed bankruptcy, being a member of
armed or police forces, being declared insane etc.
The Senate, the upper chamber, has a term that matches alongside the lower chamber,
and so is re-appointed after parliamentary elections.
For the Senate (upper chamber), seven members are appointed on advice of the Prime
Minister, three appointed on advice of the
Leader of the Opposition (the leader of
the 2nd largest party in the lower
chamber), and three more again on
advice of the Prime Minister after the
Prime Minister has consulted with
organisations or interests of which the
Prime Minister considers as such should
be represented by such Senators
appointed.
Qualifications and disqualifications are
the same as the House of Representatives.
There is a Supervisor of Elections with the
duty to exercise general supervision over
registration of voters in elections of the
House of Representatives and over the
conduct of these elections. The
Supervisor of Elections is designated by
the Governor-General on his own
deliberate judgement.
There is an Independent Constituency Boundaries Commission that reviews the
boundaries and number of parliamentary constituencies and recommends for or
against any changes to the Governor-General. Members are the Speaker of the House of
Representatives who is Chairman, the others are appointed by the Governor-General
each new parliamentary term (and cannot be members of either parliamentary chamber
or be a public officer), two members appointed on advice of the Prime Minister and two
members appointed on advice of the Leader of the Opposition.
9/10
10. A report must be given by the commission within 2-5 years after the last report. Any
changes recommended by the commission are given by the Governor-General to the
Prime Minister to submit to the House of Representatives for consent, the report is
amended by the commission until consent is received.
To vote in elections one must be a Commonwealth citizen resident in Grenada who is at
least 18-years-old. Voting is not mandatory.
Source
The source for this blogpost comes from Grenada’s 1973 constitution with amendments
through to 1992 (constituteproject.org) and so should be as up to date as possible
although there are possibly some things I missed or misinterpreted and of course the
constitution can always be amended and so eventually this blogpost may become
outdated and so if this is being used in a serious capacity cross-research is suggested.
Constitutional amendments are proposed by either house of Parliament and passage
requires a two-thirds majority in both House of Parliament and then royal assent from
the Governor-General, amendments related to personal rights and freedoms, the
structure, authorities, and procedures of the branches of Government, and the
delimitation of electoral constituencies, or the procedure for amending the constitution
all require two-thirds support in a national referendum.
Next up will be the government system of Guatemala.
Thank you for reading this post, if you have any queries please Email me, you can find
my Email in the Contacts & Community section. Please also follow The Weekly Rambler
on Twitter, Reddit, Pinterest and Facebook which you can access through the buttons at
the bottom of this website. You can also use the social media buttons under each
blogpost to share with your family, friends and associates. You can also subscribe to
Email notifications at the right-side of this website to know whenever a new post goes
up (you can easily unsubscribe from this at any time through a button in each Email
notification), or alternatively you can use an RSS Feed Reader. Please also join my FB
Group The Weekly Ramblers Readers Group where readers can more easily talk with
each other and also with me whenever I am on, you can also find it in Community.
10/10