This document summarizes key sections of Article IV of the Philippine Constitution regarding citizenship. It discusses the following: Section 1 outlines the types of citizens - those who were citizens at the time of the new constitution, those with Filipino parents or mothers who elected citizenship, and those who are naturalized. Section 2 defines natural-born citizens as those who acquire citizenship from birth without needing any act, and those who elected citizenship under Section 1.3. Section 3 states that citizenship can be lost or reacquired as provided by law. Loss can be voluntary or involuntary. Section 4 allows Filipino citizens who marry aliens to retain citizenship unless they renounce it. Section 5 says dual allegiance will be addressed by

1. Article IV
CITIZENSHI
P
Robelyn A. Muntiero

2. Section 1
[1] Those who are citizens of the Philippines
at the time of the adoption of this
constitution;
The purpose of section 1(a) is to protect the status of
those who were already citizens at the time the new
constitution took effect. However, it is not the intention of
the constitution to legalize the status of those who
acquired their citizenship through fraudulent means. A
Filipino citizen under the 1973 constitution who has lost
his citizenship at the time of ratification of the new
Constitution is of a citizen of the Philippine.

3. [2] Those whose fathers or mothers are
citizens of the Philippines;
Based on Article IV, Section 1 (2) of our 1987
Constitution,
the basic rule on citizenship in the Philippines,
irrespective of the place of
birth, is that a person born of either a Filipino
father or a Filipino mother
shall be considered a Philippine citizen following
the jus sanguinis rule.

4. [3] Those born before January 17, 1973, of
the Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority;
However, it was not clear whether those had elected citizenship
under the 1935 constitution (having been born before the
effectivity of the 1973 constitution on January 17, 1973) are to
be considered as natural-born Filipino citizens. Under the Section
1, paragraph 3 in relation to Section 2, they are now declared as
natural-born citizens.
An illegitimate child follows the citizenship of his legally known
parent, the mother . Hence, there is also no need to elect
Philippines citizenship.

5. [4] Those who are naturalized in
accordance with law.
Section 1, paragraph 4 which declares as citizens
of the Philippines “those who are naturalized in
accordance with law” possesses great
significance.

6. Citizenship by
Birth
Jus Soli or loci
Citizenship is determined by
the place of birth.
Jus Sanguinis
Citizenship is determined by
blood relations.

7. Naturalization
The act of formally adopting
a foreigner into the political
body of the state and giving
him rights and privileges of
citizenship.

8. Section 2
Natural-born citizens are those who
are citizens of the Philippines from
birth without having to perform any
act to acquire or perfect their
Philippine citizenship.
Those who elect Philippine citizenship
in accordance with paragraph [3],
Section 1 hereof shall be deemed
natural-born citizens.

9. Kinds of Citizen
Natural-born are those who do not
need to perform any act acquire his
Philippine citizenship.
Naturalized are those who were
originally citizens of another country,
but who, by an intervening act, have
acquired new citizenship in a different
country.

10. Section 3
Philippine citizenship may
be lost or reacquired in
the manner provided by
law.

11. Loss of Citizenshi
(1) Voluntarily
(2) Involuntarily

12. Section 4
Citizens of the Philippines who
marry aliens shall retain their
citizenship, unless by their act
or omission they are deemed,
under the law, to have
renounced it.

13. Section 5
Dual allegiance of citizens is
inimical to the national
interest and shall be dealt
with by law.