The document discusses Portugal's entry to the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest called "Desfolhada Portuguesa", performed by Simone de Oliveira. It describes the song's lyrics written by Ary dos Santos that express love for Portugal by comparing it to the love from conceiving a child. It also discusses the song "Grândola Vila Morena" by Zeca Afonso that became associated with Portugal's 1974 Carnation Revolution against the authoritarian Estado Novo regime when it was broadcast as a signal to start the coup. The regime had banned many songs for their political messages.
The document provides biographies of several notable Spanish writers and Nobel Prize laureates in Literature. It discusses their major works and contributions, including José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, who was the first Spaniard to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1904. It also profiles Jacinto Benavente, Vicente Aleixandre, Juan Ramón Jiménez, Camilo José Cela, and Jorge Mario Vargas Llosa.
Spain in the first decades of the 20th century (1902-1931)papefons Fons
- In the early 20th century, Spain faced increasing difficulties under the Restoration political system due to industrialization, urbanization, and the rise of opposition parties.
- Between 1902-1923 there were 32 different governments as the traditional parties divided. Reform efforts by Antonio Maura and José Canalejas met resistance. The 1909 "Tragic Week" uprising in Barcelona in response to the Moroccan war undermined the monarchy.
- Political instability, social unrest among workers and farmers, and military discontent over losses in Morocco weakened the monarchy further. This culminated in Primo de Rivera's 1923 coup establishing a military dictatorship that aimed to restore order but failed to address the system's
This document provides an overview of Spain's history from the early 20th century through the transition to democracy in the late 1970s. It discusses the reign of King Alfonso XIII and the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in the 1920s. It then covers the Second Spanish Republic from 1931 to 1936, the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco from 1939 to 1975. The transition to democracy after Franco's death is also summarized, including the writing of the 1978 constitution and Spain joining the European Union in 1986. Society and culture are briefly discussed as changing significantly after the end of Franco's dictatorship.
Presentación alfonso xiii alberto and manuelandare2
Alfonso XIII reigned in Spain from 1886 to 1931. He became king at age 16 after the death of his father, Alfonso XII. During his early reign from 1886 to 1902, his mother Maria Cristina served as regent. Alfonso XIII faced several challenges as king, including an assassination attempt on his wedding day in 1906, unrest and protests in Spain in 1909, and war in Spain's North African colonies in 1921. From 1923 to 1930, Spain was led by the dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera, who Alfonso XIII initially supported. However, unrest grew and Alfonso XIII went into exile in France in 1931 with the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic.
Manuel Azaña was a Spanish politician born in 1880 who became an important figure during the Second Spanish Republic from 1931 to 1939. He helped establish Republican political parties and was twice elected President of the Republic, during which time he pursued progressive reforms like secularizing education and the military. However, increasing political divisions led to the Spanish Civil War in 1936, with Azaña unable to maintain unity among Republican forces. After the Republic lost the war in 1939, Azaña went into exile in France where he died in 1940, though his efforts to establish democracy in Spain left a lasting mark on the country's history.
Juan Luna was a prominent Filipino painter born in Badoc, Ilocos Norte in the Philippines in 1857. He studied art in Manila and Madrid, winning medals for his works. His painting Spoliarium earned him recognition in Spain. Luna lived in Paris producing paintings and was commissioned for works by the Spanish government. However, he killed his wife and mother-in-law in 1892 in a fit of jealousy and was acquitted of charges by reason of temporary insanity. Luna later held government positions for the Philippines but died of a heart attack in 1899.
The document discusses Portugal's entry to the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest called "Desfolhada Portuguesa", performed by Simone de Oliveira. It describes the song's lyrics written by Ary dos Santos that express love for Portugal by comparing it to the love from conceiving a child. It also discusses the song "Grândola Vila Morena" by Zeca Afonso that became associated with Portugal's 1974 Carnation Revolution against the authoritarian Estado Novo regime when it was broadcast as a signal to start the coup. The regime had banned many songs for their political messages.
The document provides biographies of several notable Spanish writers and Nobel Prize laureates in Literature. It discusses their major works and contributions, including José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, who was the first Spaniard to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1904. It also profiles Jacinto Benavente, Vicente Aleixandre, Juan Ramón Jiménez, Camilo José Cela, and Jorge Mario Vargas Llosa.
Spain in the first decades of the 20th century (1902-1931)papefons Fons
- In the early 20th century, Spain faced increasing difficulties under the Restoration political system due to industrialization, urbanization, and the rise of opposition parties.
- Between 1902-1923 there were 32 different governments as the traditional parties divided. Reform efforts by Antonio Maura and José Canalejas met resistance. The 1909 "Tragic Week" uprising in Barcelona in response to the Moroccan war undermined the monarchy.
- Political instability, social unrest among workers and farmers, and military discontent over losses in Morocco weakened the monarchy further. This culminated in Primo de Rivera's 1923 coup establishing a military dictatorship that aimed to restore order but failed to address the system's
This document provides an overview of Spain's history from the early 20th century through the transition to democracy in the late 1970s. It discusses the reign of King Alfonso XIII and the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in the 1920s. It then covers the Second Spanish Republic from 1931 to 1936, the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco from 1939 to 1975. The transition to democracy after Franco's death is also summarized, including the writing of the 1978 constitution and Spain joining the European Union in 1986. Society and culture are briefly discussed as changing significantly after the end of Franco's dictatorship.
Presentación alfonso xiii alberto and manuelandare2
Alfonso XIII reigned in Spain from 1886 to 1931. He became king at age 16 after the death of his father, Alfonso XII. During his early reign from 1886 to 1902, his mother Maria Cristina served as regent. Alfonso XIII faced several challenges as king, including an assassination attempt on his wedding day in 1906, unrest and protests in Spain in 1909, and war in Spain's North African colonies in 1921. From 1923 to 1930, Spain was led by the dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera, who Alfonso XIII initially supported. However, unrest grew and Alfonso XIII went into exile in France in 1931 with the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic.
Manuel Azaña was a Spanish politician born in 1880 who became an important figure during the Second Spanish Republic from 1931 to 1939. He helped establish Republican political parties and was twice elected President of the Republic, during which time he pursued progressive reforms like secularizing education and the military. However, increasing political divisions led to the Spanish Civil War in 1936, with Azaña unable to maintain unity among Republican forces. After the Republic lost the war in 1939, Azaña went into exile in France where he died in 1940, though his efforts to establish democracy in Spain left a lasting mark on the country's history.
Juan Luna was a prominent Filipino painter born in Badoc, Ilocos Norte in the Philippines in 1857. He studied art in Manila and Madrid, winning medals for his works. His painting Spoliarium earned him recognition in Spain. Luna lived in Paris producing paintings and was commissioned for works by the Spanish government. However, he killed his wife and mother-in-law in 1892 in a fit of jealousy and was acquitted of charges by reason of temporary insanity. Luna later held government positions for the Philippines but died of a heart attack in 1899.
Dennison Hist a390 spanish civil war 1936 1939ejdennison
This document provides an overview of Spanish anarchism from the 19th century to the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s-1940s. It discusses the origins and spread of anarchist ideas in Spain, influenced by thinkers like Bakunin. Important figures and organizations discussed include Francisco Ferrer, the CNT labor union, and the FAI anarchist militia. During the Spanish Civil War, anarchists played a major role in defending the Republican government against Franco's fascist forces, and attempted to implement libertarian socialist policies through collective farms and workers' self-management. However, growing tensions with the Communist party and the priorities of war ultimately undermined the anarchist revolutionary experiment.
This document provides an overview of modern Spanish history from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. It covers several key periods and events: the fall of the Roman Empire and arrival of the Visigoths and Muslims in the 8th century; the discovery of America in 1492; the Spanish Golden Age in the 16th-17th centuries; the French Revolution of 1789 and subsequent instability in 19th century Spain including multiple changes in government; the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 and Francisco Franco's dictatorship from 1939-1975; and the transition to democracy after Franco's death.
Ernesto Carratalá is a 97-year-old man who lived through the Spanish Civil War and recalls his experiences. As a young man, he joined the Republican side and fought against the fascist Nationalists. He was eventually captured and nearly executed, spending years in prison until his release in 1943. Ernesto went on to teach linguistics and have a career in academia under Franco's dictatorship. In his later years, he was cast in a small role in a film about pre-Civil War Spain due to his acting experience. Ernesto shares his first-hand account of the Republican resistance to fascism and the atrocities committed by the Nationalists in an effort to educate others about what really occurred during this
Under the topic Philippine Revolution (in Philippine History), this material focused on the nationalistic means of pursuit of liberty in the country, the Propaganda Movement.
(^_^)
The document outlines a film project about the Spanish Civil War and the anarchist revolution that briefly succeeded in parts of Spain in 1936. It discusses how the anarchists took control of half of Spain for 9 months and abolished private property, which peasants opposed. In one town, the anarchists executed 31 peasants who expelled their leaders. The film will include interviews on the subject and scenes recreating events to show a true revolution and how all revolutions end in violence. It seeks additional funding and production partners to complete the project.
After the death of King Alfonso XII, Spain experienced political instability and conflict in the early 20th century. This led to a military dictatorship under Primo de Rivera from 1923-1930. The Second Republic then began in 1931, establishing democracy, secularism, and autonomy. However, these reforms divided Spain and led to civil war from 1936-1939, resulting in a nationalist victory under Francisco Franco, who ruled as a dictator until his death in 1975.
This document provides an overview of anarchism and its role in Spain from the 19th century up until the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s. It discusses the origins and spread of anarchist ideas in Spain led by figures like Giuseppe Fanelli and Francisco Ferrer. It describes the growth of anarchist organizations like the CNT and FAI and their increasing influence. It outlines anarchist activities and resistance, as well as repression under dictatorships. The document then focuses on the Spanish Civil War, the revolutionary period under anarchist influence in Barcelona, and the eventual Communist suppression of anarchism. It concludes by reflecting on the legacy of Spanish anarchism and its ultimate defeat.
- Miguel Primo de Rivera resigns as dictator in 1930, leading to the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931.
- Political and social tensions rise and the Spanish Civil War begins in 1936 after Franco rebels. Franco's nationalist forces defeat the republicans by 1939.
- Franco establishes a dictatorship that lasts until his death in 1975, bringing nearly four decades of authoritarian rule and isolation to Spain.
1. Dr. Jose Rizal was arrested on September 30, 1896 aboard a Spanish steamer bound for Spain and imprisoned upon arriving in Manila on November 3rd. He was charged with rebellion, sedition, and illegal association for his writings and involvement with revolutionary groups.
2. Rizal's trial by a military court began on December 26th. On December 28th, the court found him guilty and sentenced him to death by firing squad. Governor Polavieja approved the sentence and scheduled Rizal's execution for December 30th at Bagumbayan Field.
3. Rizal spent his last days in prison writing a manifesto appealing for non-violent reform, which was suppressed by
1. Fernando and Isabel united their kingdoms through marriage, creating a powerful Spain. They established the Spanish Inquisition and expelled Jews in 1492.
2. Explorers like Columbus and Magellan expanded Spain's empire, leading to the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas. This introduced new goods, diseases, and slavery to the Americas.
3. The Hapsburg and Bourbon dynasties ruled Spain over subsequent centuries. The Bourbons centralized power and modernized Spain under the influence of the Enlightenment.
Amadeo I was the only king of Spain called by that name. He ruled from 1871 to 1873 but faced many problems, including an uprising for Cuban independence, uprisings by Carlists in the Basque Country and Catalonia, and by republicans who wanted Spain to become a republic instead of a monarchy. Additionally, the Catholic Church did not support him because he had confiscated and sold Church properties, and he was unpopular because he was seen as a foreigner from Italy who did not speak Spanish well. His reign was further complicated by the assassination of General Juan Prim, who had played a key role in making Amadeo king.
Rizal moved to Paris after visiting London. While there, he socialized with the Pardo de Tavera family and Mr. Edward Bousted's family. He founded two clubs, Kidlat Club and Indios Bravos, and worked on two projects - the International Association of Filipinologists and a Modern Filipino College in Hong Kong. However, his romance with Adelina Bousted did not lead to marriage due to uncertainties about his feelings, religious differences, and concerns about his ability to financially support a family.
The first Republic in Spain lasted only eleven months from 1873 to 1874. It was a very unstable period with four different presidents. Some cities declared independence in a movement known as the "revolution cantonal". This instability led General Martinez Campos to restore the monarchy, making Alfonso XII the new king. Alfonso XIII later became king in 1902 when he was just one year old after his father's death, and his mother Maria Cristina served as regent queen during another time of unrest, which included the loss of Spanish colonies and wars in Africa.
After traveling to London, Rizal moved to Paris where an international exposition was being held. There, he roomed with Captain Justo Trinidad and Jose Albert. In his spare time, Rizal dined with the Pardo de Tavera family and the Boustead family. He was also involved with the Kidlat Club and later helped form the Indios Bravos society. Rizal's most notable achievement in Paris was publishing his annotated edition of Morga's Sucesos, dedicating it to Filipinos. He also helped form the International Association of Filipinologists and worked on a project to establish a Filipino college in Hong Kong.
Presentation - Spain in the 20th and 21st centuriesrafakarmona
The document provides an overview of Spain's political history from the 19th century to the mid-20th century. It notes that in the 19th century, Spain lost most of its American colonies and experienced a constitutional monarchy, republics, and periods of absolute monarchy. In the early 20th century, Spain experienced military dictatorships, republics, and a civil war. The civil war began in 1936 following a military coup and resulted in General Francisco Franco's nationalist forces defeating the republican loyalists by 1939, after which Franco established a long-lasting dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975.
This document provides a chronology of key events in the life of Jose Rizal:
1) It outlines his early education in the Philippines and receiving his medical degree in Spain.
2) It describes his travels around Europe and Asia where he wrote his novels criticizing the Spanish colonial government.
3) He returned to the Philippines and was eventually executed by the Spanish at age 35 for his writings which were seen as seditious.
Three spanish artists and three spanish scientistsDaniela Macadon
Three influential Spanish scientists and three artists are discussed after World War II:
Gregorio Marañón was an eminent Spanish physician and thinker of the 20th century. Severo Ochoa was a renowned Spanish scientist who won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research on RNA and protein synthesis. Margarita Salas is a Spanish biochemist who discovered DNA polymerase and continues her research. The artists discussed are filmmaker Pedro Almodóvar, surrealist Salvador Dalí, and painter Antonio López.
This document provides historical context for Jose Rizal and the Philippines in the late 19th century. It summarizes events in Europe like the emancipation of Russian serfs and establishment of the German Empire. It also outlines Spain's losses of colonies and the colonial administration and abuses in the Philippines under Spanish rule, including corrupt officials, lack of representation, racial discrimination, forced labor, and control by the Catholic friars.
1. In the late 19th century, Spain experienced political instability and unrest due to authoritarian governments that did not enact democratic reforms. This led to a revolution in 1868 and the establishment of a short-lived republic in 1873.
2. Political stability returned under King Alfonso XII in 1874, beginning the Restoration period. However, this was still not a true democracy, and elections were manipulated. Industrialization began in this time.
3. Unrest continued in the early 20th century under King Alfonso XIII, culminating in the establishment of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in 1923 after national disasters. This ended in 1930 and led to the formation of the Second Republic in 1931 and democratic reforms
This document provides an overview of Spanish history from the 19th century to the present. It discusses key events like the Spanish War of Independence against Napoleon, the restoration of the monarchy under Ferdinand VII, the establishment of the First Spanish Republic in 1873, and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco from 1939-1975. It also summarizes cultural and social developments in 20th century Spain, including influential artists like Picasso, Dali, and Gaudi as well as changes for women's rights since the end of Franco's regime.
This document provides biographical information on several important figures in Philippine history, including national heroes and revolutionaries. It summarizes the lives and contributions of Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Gregorio del Pilar, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, and others who fought for Philippine independence from Spanish colonial rule in the late 19th century, as well as other notable historical figures through the first half of the 20th century.
Dennison Hist a390 spanish civil war 1936 1939ejdennison
This document provides an overview of Spanish anarchism from the 19th century to the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s-1940s. It discusses the origins and spread of anarchist ideas in Spain, influenced by thinkers like Bakunin. Important figures and organizations discussed include Francisco Ferrer, the CNT labor union, and the FAI anarchist militia. During the Spanish Civil War, anarchists played a major role in defending the Republican government against Franco's fascist forces, and attempted to implement libertarian socialist policies through collective farms and workers' self-management. However, growing tensions with the Communist party and the priorities of war ultimately undermined the anarchist revolutionary experiment.
This document provides an overview of modern Spanish history from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. It covers several key periods and events: the fall of the Roman Empire and arrival of the Visigoths and Muslims in the 8th century; the discovery of America in 1492; the Spanish Golden Age in the 16th-17th centuries; the French Revolution of 1789 and subsequent instability in 19th century Spain including multiple changes in government; the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 and Francisco Franco's dictatorship from 1939-1975; and the transition to democracy after Franco's death.
Ernesto Carratalá is a 97-year-old man who lived through the Spanish Civil War and recalls his experiences. As a young man, he joined the Republican side and fought against the fascist Nationalists. He was eventually captured and nearly executed, spending years in prison until his release in 1943. Ernesto went on to teach linguistics and have a career in academia under Franco's dictatorship. In his later years, he was cast in a small role in a film about pre-Civil War Spain due to his acting experience. Ernesto shares his first-hand account of the Republican resistance to fascism and the atrocities committed by the Nationalists in an effort to educate others about what really occurred during this
Under the topic Philippine Revolution (in Philippine History), this material focused on the nationalistic means of pursuit of liberty in the country, the Propaganda Movement.
(^_^)
The document outlines a film project about the Spanish Civil War and the anarchist revolution that briefly succeeded in parts of Spain in 1936. It discusses how the anarchists took control of half of Spain for 9 months and abolished private property, which peasants opposed. In one town, the anarchists executed 31 peasants who expelled their leaders. The film will include interviews on the subject and scenes recreating events to show a true revolution and how all revolutions end in violence. It seeks additional funding and production partners to complete the project.
After the death of King Alfonso XII, Spain experienced political instability and conflict in the early 20th century. This led to a military dictatorship under Primo de Rivera from 1923-1930. The Second Republic then began in 1931, establishing democracy, secularism, and autonomy. However, these reforms divided Spain and led to civil war from 1936-1939, resulting in a nationalist victory under Francisco Franco, who ruled as a dictator until his death in 1975.
This document provides an overview of anarchism and its role in Spain from the 19th century up until the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s. It discusses the origins and spread of anarchist ideas in Spain led by figures like Giuseppe Fanelli and Francisco Ferrer. It describes the growth of anarchist organizations like the CNT and FAI and their increasing influence. It outlines anarchist activities and resistance, as well as repression under dictatorships. The document then focuses on the Spanish Civil War, the revolutionary period under anarchist influence in Barcelona, and the eventual Communist suppression of anarchism. It concludes by reflecting on the legacy of Spanish anarchism and its ultimate defeat.
- Miguel Primo de Rivera resigns as dictator in 1930, leading to the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931.
- Political and social tensions rise and the Spanish Civil War begins in 1936 after Franco rebels. Franco's nationalist forces defeat the republicans by 1939.
- Franco establishes a dictatorship that lasts until his death in 1975, bringing nearly four decades of authoritarian rule and isolation to Spain.
1. Dr. Jose Rizal was arrested on September 30, 1896 aboard a Spanish steamer bound for Spain and imprisoned upon arriving in Manila on November 3rd. He was charged with rebellion, sedition, and illegal association for his writings and involvement with revolutionary groups.
2. Rizal's trial by a military court began on December 26th. On December 28th, the court found him guilty and sentenced him to death by firing squad. Governor Polavieja approved the sentence and scheduled Rizal's execution for December 30th at Bagumbayan Field.
3. Rizal spent his last days in prison writing a manifesto appealing for non-violent reform, which was suppressed by
1. Fernando and Isabel united their kingdoms through marriage, creating a powerful Spain. They established the Spanish Inquisition and expelled Jews in 1492.
2. Explorers like Columbus and Magellan expanded Spain's empire, leading to the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas. This introduced new goods, diseases, and slavery to the Americas.
3. The Hapsburg and Bourbon dynasties ruled Spain over subsequent centuries. The Bourbons centralized power and modernized Spain under the influence of the Enlightenment.
Amadeo I was the only king of Spain called by that name. He ruled from 1871 to 1873 but faced many problems, including an uprising for Cuban independence, uprisings by Carlists in the Basque Country and Catalonia, and by republicans who wanted Spain to become a republic instead of a monarchy. Additionally, the Catholic Church did not support him because he had confiscated and sold Church properties, and he was unpopular because he was seen as a foreigner from Italy who did not speak Spanish well. His reign was further complicated by the assassination of General Juan Prim, who had played a key role in making Amadeo king.
Rizal moved to Paris after visiting London. While there, he socialized with the Pardo de Tavera family and Mr. Edward Bousted's family. He founded two clubs, Kidlat Club and Indios Bravos, and worked on two projects - the International Association of Filipinologists and a Modern Filipino College in Hong Kong. However, his romance with Adelina Bousted did not lead to marriage due to uncertainties about his feelings, religious differences, and concerns about his ability to financially support a family.
The first Republic in Spain lasted only eleven months from 1873 to 1874. It was a very unstable period with four different presidents. Some cities declared independence in a movement known as the "revolution cantonal". This instability led General Martinez Campos to restore the monarchy, making Alfonso XII the new king. Alfonso XIII later became king in 1902 when he was just one year old after his father's death, and his mother Maria Cristina served as regent queen during another time of unrest, which included the loss of Spanish colonies and wars in Africa.
After traveling to London, Rizal moved to Paris where an international exposition was being held. There, he roomed with Captain Justo Trinidad and Jose Albert. In his spare time, Rizal dined with the Pardo de Tavera family and the Boustead family. He was also involved with the Kidlat Club and later helped form the Indios Bravos society. Rizal's most notable achievement in Paris was publishing his annotated edition of Morga's Sucesos, dedicating it to Filipinos. He also helped form the International Association of Filipinologists and worked on a project to establish a Filipino college in Hong Kong.
Presentation - Spain in the 20th and 21st centuriesrafakarmona
The document provides an overview of Spain's political history from the 19th century to the mid-20th century. It notes that in the 19th century, Spain lost most of its American colonies and experienced a constitutional monarchy, republics, and periods of absolute monarchy. In the early 20th century, Spain experienced military dictatorships, republics, and a civil war. The civil war began in 1936 following a military coup and resulted in General Francisco Franco's nationalist forces defeating the republican loyalists by 1939, after which Franco established a long-lasting dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975.
This document provides a chronology of key events in the life of Jose Rizal:
1) It outlines his early education in the Philippines and receiving his medical degree in Spain.
2) It describes his travels around Europe and Asia where he wrote his novels criticizing the Spanish colonial government.
3) He returned to the Philippines and was eventually executed by the Spanish at age 35 for his writings which were seen as seditious.
Three spanish artists and three spanish scientistsDaniela Macadon
Three influential Spanish scientists and three artists are discussed after World War II:
Gregorio Marañón was an eminent Spanish physician and thinker of the 20th century. Severo Ochoa was a renowned Spanish scientist who won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research on RNA and protein synthesis. Margarita Salas is a Spanish biochemist who discovered DNA polymerase and continues her research. The artists discussed are filmmaker Pedro Almodóvar, surrealist Salvador Dalí, and painter Antonio López.
This document provides historical context for Jose Rizal and the Philippines in the late 19th century. It summarizes events in Europe like the emancipation of Russian serfs and establishment of the German Empire. It also outlines Spain's losses of colonies and the colonial administration and abuses in the Philippines under Spanish rule, including corrupt officials, lack of representation, racial discrimination, forced labor, and control by the Catholic friars.
1. In the late 19th century, Spain experienced political instability and unrest due to authoritarian governments that did not enact democratic reforms. This led to a revolution in 1868 and the establishment of a short-lived republic in 1873.
2. Political stability returned under King Alfonso XII in 1874, beginning the Restoration period. However, this was still not a true democracy, and elections were manipulated. Industrialization began in this time.
3. Unrest continued in the early 20th century under King Alfonso XIII, culminating in the establishment of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in 1923 after national disasters. This ended in 1930 and led to the formation of the Second Republic in 1931 and democratic reforms
This document provides an overview of Spanish history from the 19th century to the present. It discusses key events like the Spanish War of Independence against Napoleon, the restoration of the monarchy under Ferdinand VII, the establishment of the First Spanish Republic in 1873, and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco from 1939-1975. It also summarizes cultural and social developments in 20th century Spain, including influential artists like Picasso, Dali, and Gaudi as well as changes for women's rights since the end of Franco's regime.
This document provides biographical information on several important figures in Philippine history, including national heroes and revolutionaries. It summarizes the lives and contributions of Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Gregorio del Pilar, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, and others who fought for Philippine independence from Spanish colonial rule in the late 19th century, as well as other notable historical figures through the first half of the 20th century.
CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS NATIONAL-ARTISTSKlineHyzonGTindaan
Juan Luna was a 19th century Filipino painter and political activist who became one of the first recognized Philippine artists. His iconic painting Spoliarium serves as a symbol of the Filipino people's struggle under Spanish colonization. Vicente Manansala was a 20th century Filipino painter credited with being one of the first abstractionists in the Philippines and bridging rural and urban life in his works. Cesar Legaspi's cubist paintings incorporated social commentary and unique fragmentation techniques. Hernando Ocampo was a leading modernist known for inventing new modes of abstraction depicting Philippine flora and fauna through movement and bold colors.
The document summarizes several famous people from Spain including actors, writers, musicians, scientists, and sportspeople. Some of the actors mentioned are Penélope Cruz, Antonio Banderas, and Javier Bardem. Writers highlighted include Miguel de Cervantes who wrote Don Quixote, and Laura Gallego García who wrote the Memorias de Idhún trilogy. Famous musicians mentioned are flamenco guitarist Paco de Lucía and singer David Bisbal. The scientist Ramón y Cajal received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1906. Famous sportspeople discussed are soccer goalkeeper Iker Casillas, tennis player Rafa Nadal, and Formula One driver Fernando Alonso.
Vicente Blasco Ibáñez was a Spanish journalist, politician, and novelist born in 1867 in Valencia, Spain. He wrote numerous novels across genres including regional, psychological, historical, and cosmopolitan works. His most successful novels dealt with contemporary European themes and tackled important issues of his time. Blasco Ibáñez lived in exile in France for many years, devoting himself fully to his writing career, before passing away in 1928.
Vicente Blasco Ibáñez was a Spanish journalist, politician, and novelist born in 1867 in Valencia, Spain. He wrote numerous novels across genres including regional, psychological, historical, and cosmopolitan works. His most successful novels dealt with contemporary European themes and tackled important issues of his time. Blasco Ibáñez lived in exile in France for many years, devoting himself fully to his writing career, before passing away in 1928.
Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
1. José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
2. The La Liga Filipina was established to promote reforms in the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule through legal and peaceful means.
3. Jose P. Rizal wrote the Noli Me Tangere to expose the abuses and corruption during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines.
4. Jose P. Rizal is considered the Philippines' national hero because he was a key leader in advocating for reforms and inspired the Philippine revolution through his writings, which called for reforms and independence from Spain.
5. Jose P. Rizal was executed by the Spanish colonial
Lorca lived in Granada, Spain from age 9 and identified with persecuted groups like the Moors who were expelled in 1492. He was homosexual in a culture that valued masculinity. Born in 1898 during a traumatic time for Spain, Lorca associated with liberal and socialist ideals during the Second Spanish Republic but these were reversed by right-wing forces in 1933. Tensions and violence rose until the military rebellion in 1936 led by Franco, whose forces took control of Andalusia. As a liberal in opposition to Franco's authoritarian regime and the Catholic Church, Lorca was arrested and executed in Granada in August 1936 at the start of the Spanish Civil War.
Pablo Picasso was a famous Spanish painter born in 1881 who lived in Spain and France. He had 4 children with various wives and was known for his Cubist, Surrealist, and Expressionist styles. Some of his most famous paintings include Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, Guernica, and The Three Musicians. Picasso experimented with different artistic periods throughout his life, including the Blue Period and Pink Period, before becoming a leading figure in the development of Cubism. He passed away in 1973 in France.
Miguel Francisco Gutiérrez Correa was a Peruvian writer born in Piura in 1940. As a child, he witnessed acts of abuse, machismo and racism that would influence his work. His best known work was The Violence of the Time, considered the best Peruvian novel of the 1990s. He was a leftist and Marxist who published with major publishers in the 21st century. Gutiérrez died in 2016 at the age of 75 from a heart attack.
The document discusses Pablo Picasso and Ernest Hemingway, providing biographical details about each painter/writer. For Picasso, it notes he was born in 1881 in Malaga, Spain and died of cardiac arrest in 1973. For Hemingway, it mentions he was born in 1899 in Illinois and committed suicide in 1961. The document asks questions about key events and details in each of their lives, including family backgrounds, important works, marriages, and more.
Fernando Amorsolo was one of the most important artists in Philippine history. He developed a backlighting technique using bright colors that became his trademark. His paintings often depicted idyllic rural scenes of farming life and families. Some of his most famous works include Rice Planting, Maiden in a Stream, and The Mestiza. Amorsolo had a prolific career, averaging 10 paintings per month in his later years. He was instrumental in establishing a distinct Philippine art style and was named the first National Artist of the Philippines.
After years of decline and loss of its colonies and influence, Spain was divided in the early 20th century between those wanting to open up the country and those wanting to keep it closed. Francisco Franco pursued a military career during this turbulent time. The rise of fascist groups like Falange Española led to civil war in 1936 between republicans and nationalists. Franco emerged as the leader of the nationalist forces and defeated the republicans by 1939, beginning a 40-year dictatorship characterized by Catholic nationalism, repression, and isolation from the West. Though Spain experienced economic growth later on, social unrest increased as Franco sought continuity for his regime until his death in 1975.
Federico García Lorca was a Spanish poet and playwright born in 1898 who was assassinated in 1936 at the start of the Spanish Civil War. This document provides context about Lorca's life and work, including the political situation in Spain in 1936 when fascists rose to power. It explains that Lorca was a supporter of the left-wing Popular Front government and was killed by Nationalist forces for his political views. The document also summarizes Lorca's most famous play, The House of Bernarda Alba, and discusses themes like the oppression of women that it explores.
he dictatorship after the civil war in Spain, between 1939-1975. Antidemocratic systems.
School work in the ERASMUS+KA2, Young Voices in the European Democracies. 2014-17
Dr. Jose Rizal is considered the Philippines' national hero. He published two novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which stirred nationalist sentiment among Filipinos. For his writings and role in the reform movement, he was executed by the Spanish in 1896. His death was a catalyst for the Philippine Revolution. The document also profiles several other key figures in Philippine history who fought for independence from Spain through armed struggle, propaganda, or diplomacy, including Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, and Marcelo Del Pilar.
Dr. Jose Rizal is considered the Philippines' national hero. He published two novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which stirred nationalist sentiment among Filipinos. For his writings and role in the reform movement, he was executed by the Spanish in 1896. His death was a catalyst for the Philippine Revolution. The document also profiles several other key figures in Philippine history who fought for independence from Spain through armed struggle, propaganda, or diplomacy, including Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, and Marcelo Del Pilar.
The Spanish Civil War lasted from 1936 to 1939 and was a conflict between two opposing forces - the Nationalists who supported a monarchy and the Republicans who supported the Spanish liberal government. The Nationalists, led by Gen. Francisco Franco, rebelled against the Republican government. The war became an international battleground as Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy supported the Nationalists while the Soviet Union supported the Republicans. Major battles included the Nationalists taking Malaga in 1937 and Barcelona in 1939, culminating in their victory in March 1939.
Manuel de Falla was a Spanish classical music composer born in 1876 in Cádiz. He studied music from a young age and was influenced by Andalusian folk music after moving to Granada. Some of his most important works include La vida breve, El sombrero de tres picos, and El amor brujo. He spent time in Madrid, Paris, and Granada before moving to Argentina after the Spanish Civil War, where he died in 1946.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
2. politics and repression the
fascism
“If it is necessary to kill half of the population, it will be
done”
It was said by Franco in a English newspaper
interviewed.
3. The Guerrilleros were created
when the fascists were occupying
territories
The fascist repression:
- 190,000 dead people
- 143,000 missing people in ditches and graves
- 4,000 dead children in the San Rafael’s Cemetery
Socialist Communist Anarchist
4. One million Spanish workers had
to leave Spain to find work
There was a strike in Barcelona
due to the raising of the bus tickets
5. The represion was brutal with
imprisionments, deportations and
tortures
6. The Socialist Party and
the Communist in exile
led the opposition .
1948 an attempt by
Socialists to replace
Franco.
1962 “Munich Conspiracy”.From then till 1973, the
actions of the opposition
were reduced strongly.
Radio station-The-Pyrenees
THE OPPOSITION
MADE
OUTSIDE THE
SPANISH FRONTIERS
7. Tierno Galván, José Luis Aranguren
and Augustín García Calvo were
expelled form the University (1965)
Two platforms were created:
-Junta Democratica
- Plataforma de Convergencia
Democrática
December the 20th
1973: ‘Operation Ogre’
and its consecuence.
Salvador Puig Antich
Cordinación Democrática
8. THE EXILE
• 1st exile: 15,000 to 20,000 people
• 2nd exile: about 125,000 people
• 3rd exile: about 40,000 people
• 4th exile: about 25,000 people
• 5th exile: about 500,000 people
Reasons why they went into
exile:
- Ideological reasons
- Fear of reprisals by the
victors
The "Valière report“, made by the
French Government (9th
March, 1939) considered the
presence of 440,000 Spanish
refugees in France.
13. INDALECIO PRIETO
(1883-1962)
EXILED
POLITICAL CAREER
Minister of Finance (Spain)
14 April-16 December 1931
Minister of Public Works (Spain)
16 December 1931-12 September 1933
Minister of Marine and Air (Spain)
4 September 1936-17 May 1937
Minister of Defense (Spain)
17 May 1937-5 April 1938
President of PSOE
1935-1948
Deputy in the General Courts of Spain (Bilbao)
12 March 1918-15 September 1923
Deputy in the General Courts of Spain (Bilbao)
4 July 1931-2 February 1939
14. NICETO ALCALÁ-ZAMORA
(1877-1949)
EXILED
POLITICAL CAREER
President of the Spanish Republic
10 December 1931-7 April 1936
President of the Provisional Government of the
Spanish Republic
14 April 1931-14 October 1931
Minister of Public Works and Transport (Spain)
1917-1918
Minister of War (Spain)
7 December 1922-28 May 1923
15. MANUEL AZAÑA
(1880-1940)
exilied
He was the First
Prime Minister of
the Second Spanish
Republic
He was as Primer Minister
1936-1939
1936
1931–1933
He was the second
and last President of
the Republic
16. FRANCISCO LARGO
CABALLERO
(1869-1946)
EXILED
POLITICAL CAREER
President of the Council of Ministers of Spain
Minister of Labour and Social Welfare (Spain)
Minister of War (Spain)
President of PSOE
President of UGT
Deputy of General Courts (Barcelona)
Deputy of the National Consultative Assembly
Deputy of General Courts (Madrid)
“Después de algo más de un
kilómetro de marcha tuve que
detenerme. La caravana
continuó su marcha. Un SS de
los que vigilaban se quedó
conmigo. Intentó obligarme a
marchar a puntapiés y
puñetazos. Protesté
violentamente. Me dio no sé
cuántos culatazos con su fusil.
Caí al suelo. Mi verdugo se
enervaba cada vez más. Me
siguió pegando hasta que se
fatigó. Para acabar, intentó
persuadirme de que le siguiese
a un bosque de pinos que
estaba al borde la carretera.
17. DOLORES IBÁRRURI, 'LA
PASIONARIA'
(1895-1989)
EXILED
POLITICAL CAREER
General Secretary of PCE
17 March 1942-3 July 1960
President of PCE
3 July 1960-9 December 1989
Deputy of General Courts (Asturias)
26 February 1936-2 February 1939
Deputy of General Courts (Asturias)
13 July 1977-2 January 1979
Speech of the strike of Asturias, 1962
18. SEVERO OCHOA
(1905 – 1993)
EXILIED
It was Nobel Prize for Medicine
in 1959 for his research on the
synthesis of ribonucleic acid,
RNA.
The Spanish civil war and the difficult
postwar not facilitate scientific activity in
Spain so he eventually settling in New
York.
19. LUIS BUÑUEL
(1900 – 1983)
EXILIED
He was a film director, most of his work
was held in Mexico and France,
and is considered one
of the most important
and original directors
in the history of cinema.
Buñuel after the coup of Francoist state
remained faithful to the Second
Republic.
20. FRANCISCO AYALA
(1906 – 2009)
EXILIED
His first land of refuge was Argentina,
where he emigrated in 1939 with his
family.
In Buenos Aires participated in cultural
life as a teacher and translator, and
Ayala Seller founded with his brother.
“A life without literature is not a
human life”
(Francisco Ayala’s thoughts)
“Dog Kills “(1958)
“the bottom of
the glass” (1962).
22. MARIA ZAMBRANO
(1904-1991)
exilied She was an essayist
and a philosopher .
she could’t stand “The Black Spain”.
‘The human being has the capacity
to watch all around but the human
being is unable to look inside
himself’.
(Maria Zambrano’s thoughts)
The reason of her
exile was that:
23. MAX AUB
(1903-1972)
exilied
By 1940, the Franco regime had
come to consider him a serious
opponent, and in March 1940 he
was denounced as a militant
communist and a "German-Jew",
and therefore a possible spy or
traitor.
He was
imprisoned
for a year in
Camp Vernet.
“Campo de Almendros”
“Las buenas
intenciones”
24. ANTONIO MACHADO
(1875 –1939)
exilied .
He was a Spanish poet and
one of the leading figures of
the Spanish literary
movement known as the
Generation of '98.
Antonio Machado was a Republican.
“Con las primeras hojas de los chopos y
las últimas flores de los almendros, la
primavera traía a nuestra República de
la mano….”
The poet continues
to publish in “La
Vanguardia”.
25. ALTOLAGUIRRE
(1905 – 1959)
EXILIED He was a poet, writer
and filmmaker Spanish.
The family lived in Cuba
and Mexico.
His most important activity
in Mexico was the cinema.
During the Spanish Civil War,
Altolaguirre becomes a member of the
Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals
26. EMILIO PRADOS
(1899 – 1962)
EXILIED He was a Spanish poet
and editor.
A member of the
Generation of '27.
He took refuge in
Mexico, where he
survived dedicated to
teaching.
27. Pedro Salinas
(1891 – 1951)
EXILIED
When the Spanish Civil War broke out
he was forced into exile .
It is part of the Generation of '27.
He worked as a
professor at
universities in
Wellesley,
Baltimore and
later at the
University of
Puerto Rico.
28. LUIS CERNUDA
(1902-1963)
exilied
In November 1952, he settled in Mexico
with his old friends Concha Méndez and
Altolaguire.
He died in Concha Méndez's house of a
heart attack on 5 November 1962.
29. RAFAEL ALBERTI Y
MºTERESA LEÓN
exilied
He was considered one of the greatest
literary figures of the so-called Silver
Age of Spanish.
His wife died on December 13, 1988
from Alzheimer’s disease. And he
died in October 28, 1999, Cádiz
30. JUAN RAMÓN JIMENEZ
(1881 -1958)
exilied
He published his first two
books at the age of eighteen,
in 1900.
Upon the outbreak of the
Spanish Civil War, he and
Zenobia went into exile in
Puerto Rico.
In 1956, he received the
Nobel Prize in Literature.
Platero y yo is one of the
most popular works.
31. RAMÓN J.SENDER
(1919 – 1926)
exilied
He took part in the Rif War
When the Spanish Civil War
began, Sender immediately
enlisted to help resist Franco.
His most famous works include
La tesis de Nancy, and Réquiem
por un campesino español.
32. MARUXA MALLO
(1902-1995)
exilied
It represents urban
entertainments and
sports, and also it
shows us the
dynamism of the
modern life
It becomes surrealistic
The lastes
works
Paintings
of the 30s
Paintings of
the 20s
It shows us the
influence of Magical
Realism
33. EXILIED She was a Spanish-Mexican, para-
surrealist painter and anarchist.
She was born in Girona. During the
Spanish Civil War she fled to Paris.
REMEDIOS VARO
(1908 – 1963)
She was forced
into exile from
Paris during the
German
occupation of
France and
moved to Mexico
City at the end of
1941
34. QUESTIONS
1. Which were the main destinations of the exiles?
Colombia, Venezuela, USSR, France, Africa, Mexico, Chile, Cuba, Santo
Domingo and Dominican Republic.
2. What happened when the Spaniards arrived to France?
They had to go to concentration camps when they arrived.
3. How many people went into exiled?
About 500.000 people.
4. Could you remember some works of Max Aub or Francisco Ayala?
Francisco Ayala: “Muerte de perros” and “El fondo del vaso”
Max Aub: “Campo de Almendros” and “Las buenas intenciones”
35. 5. Why the Catalonians went on strike?
Because of the rise of the prices.
6. Which political groups integrated the guerrilleros?
Socialist, Communist and Anarchist.
7.How died Salvador Puig Antich?
He died in the Garrote Vil.
36. 8. Who is the painter?
- Maruxa Mayo
- Maruxa Mallo
- Maruxa Abril
9. Which the followings
people didn’t go into exile:
-Antonio Machado
- Picasso
- Mola
- Manuel Azaña
-Ángeles Santos
10. In which academic circles belongs the
following characters:
- Gaya Nuño -->
Writer
- Zambrano -->
Essayist and philosopher
- Luis Buñuel -->
Film director
- Indalecio Prieto -->
Politic