The Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders,
Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
Cardwell C. Nuckols, PhD
[email protected]
www.cnuckols.com
mailto:[email protected]�
HISTORY OF THE DSM
• 1840 1 Dx – U.S. Census – Idiocy/Insanity
– Also in the 1840s, southern alienists discovered a
malady called Drapetomania - the inexplicable, mad
longing of a slave for freedom.
• 1880 7 Dx’s – U.S. Census
– Mania – mostly as defined today, a condition
characterized by severely elevated mood.
– Melancholia – would be noted as depression today.
– Monomania - Pathological obsession with a single
subject or idea. Excessive concentration of interest
upon one particular subject or idea. The difference
between monomania and passion can be very subtle
and difficult to recognize.
– Paresis – general or partial paralysis. (This would not
be the last time that a physical affliction crept into
the psychological arena; among the disorders
described in the DSM-IV –TR is snoring, or Breathing
Related Sleep Disorder 780.59, pp. 615-622).
– Dementia – as described today as characterized by
multiple cognitive deficits that include impairment
in memory (most common Alzheimer's).
– Dipsomania - An insatiable craving for alcoholic
beverages.
– Epilepsy
HISTORY OF THE DSM
• 1940 – 26 Dx's (ICD-6; WHO)
– Which took its nomenclature from the US Army and
Veterans Administration nomenclature. The WHO system
included 10 categories for psychoses, 9 for
psychoneuroses, and 7 for disorders of character,
behavior, and intelligence)
• 1952 DSM – 106 Dx’s
– DSM-I included 3 categories of psychopathology: organic
brain syndromes, functional disorders, and mental
deficiency. These categories contained 106
diagnoses. Only one diagnosis, Adjustment Reaction of
Childhood/Adolescence, could be applied to children.
• 1968 DSM-II – 185 Dx’s (revised DSM-II, 1974)
– It had 11 major diagnostic categories. Increased attention
was given to the problems of children and adolescence
with the categorical addition of Behavior Disorders of
Childhood-Adolescence.
– This category included Hyperkinetic Reaction,
Withdrawing Reaction, Overanxious Reaction, Runaway
Reaction, Unsocialized Aggressive Reaction, and Group
Delinquent Reaction.
HISTORY OF THE DSM
Up until December 26, 1974 Homosexuality was considered a form of
deviant behavior and was a psychiatric condition.
HISTORY OF THE DSM
• 1980 DSM-III – 265 Dx’s (roughly coincided with
ICD-9, but differed from the ICD-9 which still listed
disorders for statistical reasons as opposed to
clinical utility).
– DSM-III included multiaxial system.
– Explicit diagnostic criteria.
– Descriptive approach neutral to etiology theory.
– Unlike its predecessors, DSM-III, it was based on
scientific evidence. Its reliability was improved with
the addition of explicit diagnostic criteria and
structured interviews.
– Although ICD and DSM were similar in term ...
The document provides an overview of the changes between editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the evolution of the DSM from earlier editions to the current DSM-5, which was approved in 2013. Some key changes in the DSM-5 include combining and splitting certain diagnoses, adding several new disorders, removing the multiaxial system, and including emerging measures and models for further study. The document outlines these changes in detail and provides background on the development process of the DSM-5.
This document provides an overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It discusses the purposes of psychiatric diagnosis, two diagnostic approaches (descriptive and psychological), dimensions of diagnosis (categorical vs dimensional; monothetic vs polythetic), historical versions of the DSM, innovations in DSM-III, changes in DSM-5 structure, and considerations of culture in diagnosis. The document serves to introduce clinicians to the classification and organization of mental disorders in the DSM-5.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the key changes between editions, from the initial DSM-I in 1952 to the current DSM-5 from 2013. Major revisions in DSM-5 include eliminating the multi-axial system, replacing many disorder names, combining and reorganizing certain diagnoses, and emphasizing dimensional assessments and cultural factors in diagnosis. The goal is to improve clinical utility, reliability and cultural sensitivity in defining and classifying mental disorders.
The document provides an overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It defines mental disorders and outlines the purposes of the DSM. It then reviews the history and major changes between editions of the DSM from the first edition in 1952 to the most recent fifth edition in 2013. Key highlights include the introduction of specific diagnostic criteria, changes to certain diagnoses like replacing mental retardation with intellectual disability, and the reorganization of certain disorders into different categories.
The DSM-5: Overview of Main Themes and Diagnostic RevisionsJames Tobin, Ph.D.
This document provides an overview of the main themes and diagnostic revisions in the DSM-5. It outlines 10 major changes incorporated in the new manual, including making it more user-friendly, incorporating a spectrum perspective, adding dimensionality, reflecting a developmental perspective, increasing emphasis on culture and gender, enhancing diagnostic information, matching ICD codes, reinventing it as a living document, introducing a hybrid diagnostic model, and using more biologically-based criteria. It also reviews revisions to several diagnostic categories such as neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma-related disorders.
Diagnostic and statistical manual-5 PART 1Abid Rizvi
The document provides an overview of the changes between the DSM-IV and the newly released DSM-5 diagnostic manuals. It discusses the history and development of the previous DSM editions. For the DSM-5, it describes the extensive field trials and review process involving over 1000 participants. Key changes included reorganizing chapters to better reflect the lifespan, removing the multiaxial system, and combining or splitting some diagnoses based on the available evidence. Several new disorders were also added while some older diagnoses were eliminated.
The document provides an overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It discusses the development and purpose of the DSM-5 for classifying and diagnosing mental disorders. The DSM-5 updated several disorders from previous editions and reorganized chapters based on recent research. It aims to provide a standardized system for clinicians, researchers, and the public to communicate about mental illnesses.
Differences between dsm IV and DSM5 , in child psychiatryاحمد البحيري
The document summarizes some of the key differences between the DSM-IV and DSM-5 classifications of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. It notes that the DSM-5 takes a dimensional approach rather than categorical, recognizes significant sharing of symptoms between disorders, and reorganizes some disorders into different categories. Specific changes include intellectual disabilities replacing mental retardation, a new neurodevelopmental disorders category, changes to certain disorder names and criteria, and an emphasis on development and lifespan considerations.
The document provides an overview of the changes between editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the evolution of the DSM from earlier editions to the current DSM-5, which was approved in 2013. Some key changes in the DSM-5 include combining and splitting certain diagnoses, adding several new disorders, removing the multiaxial system, and including emerging measures and models for further study. The document outlines these changes in detail and provides background on the development process of the DSM-5.
This document provides an overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It discusses the purposes of psychiatric diagnosis, two diagnostic approaches (descriptive and psychological), dimensions of diagnosis (categorical vs dimensional; monothetic vs polythetic), historical versions of the DSM, innovations in DSM-III, changes in DSM-5 structure, and considerations of culture in diagnosis. The document serves to introduce clinicians to the classification and organization of mental disorders in the DSM-5.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the key changes between editions, from the initial DSM-I in 1952 to the current DSM-5 from 2013. Major revisions in DSM-5 include eliminating the multi-axial system, replacing many disorder names, combining and reorganizing certain diagnoses, and emphasizing dimensional assessments and cultural factors in diagnosis. The goal is to improve clinical utility, reliability and cultural sensitivity in defining and classifying mental disorders.
The document provides an overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It defines mental disorders and outlines the purposes of the DSM. It then reviews the history and major changes between editions of the DSM from the first edition in 1952 to the most recent fifth edition in 2013. Key highlights include the introduction of specific diagnostic criteria, changes to certain diagnoses like replacing mental retardation with intellectual disability, and the reorganization of certain disorders into different categories.
The DSM-5: Overview of Main Themes and Diagnostic RevisionsJames Tobin, Ph.D.
This document provides an overview of the main themes and diagnostic revisions in the DSM-5. It outlines 10 major changes incorporated in the new manual, including making it more user-friendly, incorporating a spectrum perspective, adding dimensionality, reflecting a developmental perspective, increasing emphasis on culture and gender, enhancing diagnostic information, matching ICD codes, reinventing it as a living document, introducing a hybrid diagnostic model, and using more biologically-based criteria. It also reviews revisions to several diagnostic categories such as neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma-related disorders.
Diagnostic and statistical manual-5 PART 1Abid Rizvi
The document provides an overview of the changes between the DSM-IV and the newly released DSM-5 diagnostic manuals. It discusses the history and development of the previous DSM editions. For the DSM-5, it describes the extensive field trials and review process involving over 1000 participants. Key changes included reorganizing chapters to better reflect the lifespan, removing the multiaxial system, and combining or splitting some diagnoses based on the available evidence. Several new disorders were also added while some older diagnoses were eliminated.
The document provides an overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It discusses the development and purpose of the DSM-5 for classifying and diagnosing mental disorders. The DSM-5 updated several disorders from previous editions and reorganized chapters based on recent research. It aims to provide a standardized system for clinicians, researchers, and the public to communicate about mental illnesses.
Differences between dsm IV and DSM5 , in child psychiatryاحمد البحيري
The document summarizes some of the key differences between the DSM-IV and DSM-5 classifications of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. It notes that the DSM-5 takes a dimensional approach rather than categorical, recognizes significant sharing of symptoms between disorders, and reorganizes some disorders into different categories. Specific changes include intellectual disabilities replacing mental retardation, a new neurodevelopmental disorders category, changes to certain disorder names and criteria, and an emphasis on development and lifespan considerations.
The document discusses the history and editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It summarizes the key changes between each edition of the DSM from the first edition in 1952 to the most recent fifth edition in 2013. These include removing homosexuality as a disorder, adding explicit diagnostic criteria, and eliminating the axis system in favor of listing disorder categories. The DSM aims to provide a common language for diagnosing and studying mental disorders.
The document provides an overview of changes in the DSM-5 relating to substance use disorders and addictive disorders. Key points include:
- Substance use disorders are now called substance-related and addictive disorders to reflect that behaviors can be addictive even without substances.
- Criteria for individual substance use disorders (alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, etc.) are provided, including new specifiers for severity levels.
- Withdrawal symptoms and intoxication criteria are also specified for each substance.
- The chapter aims to better capture addictive behaviors and the biological underpinnings of addiction.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It summarizes the key changes between editions of the DSM from the first edition in 1952 to the most recent fifth edition in 2013. These include changes in the number of diagnoses, the inclusion of explicit diagnostic criteria, and the removal of disorders like homosexuality. The DSM aims to provide a common language for diagnosing mental disorders but there have been criticisms of its lack of validity.
The document discusses psychiatric classification systems. It provides an overview of key concepts like nosology, syndrome, disease, and disorder. It describes the purposes of psychiatric classification as communication, control of disorders, and comprehension. It discusses important criteria for a good classification like reliability, validity, utility, and ease of use. Challenges in psychiatric classification are the reliance on subjective reports and lack of objective measures. The document contrasts categorical and dimensional models of classification and provides examples of disorders where a dimensional approach is favored. It provides a brief history of major classification systems and describes current systems like DSM-5 and ICD-11.
The document provides an overview of psychiatric classification systems. It discusses the definition and advantages of classification, as well as key terms and historical approaches including etiological, descriptive, categorical, and dimensional.
It then describes the development of major classification systems including the DSM and ICD. The DSM is the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association while the ICD is published by the World Health Organization. The document outlines the various editions of the DSM from DSM-I to the current DSM-5. It also discusses other classification systems and tools used in psychiatry such as the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders and the Research Domain Criteria.
The document provides a history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from its first edition in 1952 to the current fifth edition from 2013. It summarizes the major changes between editions, including removing homosexuality as a disorder in 1974 and shifting to explicit diagnostic criteria in 1980. The DSM aims to provide a common language for diagnosing mental disorders but also has limitations due to issues with validity and reliability between editions.
The document provides a history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from its first edition in 1952 to the current fifth edition from 2013. It summarizes the major changes between editions, including the addition of explicit diagnostic criteria and an emphasis on reliability and validity of diagnoses. The DSM aims to provide a common language for clinicians and researchers for classifying and diagnosing mental disorders.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It summarizes the key changes between editions of the DSM from the first edition in 1952 to the current DSM-5 published in 2013. These include the addition of explicit diagnostic criteria, changes in disorders included, and the elimination of the multiaxial system in DSM-5. The DSM aims to provide a common language for diagnosing mental disorders but is not intended as the definitive classification and continues to be revised as research progresses.
This is a presentation I'd done during my Psychiatry residency. I evaluated the Preamble of the DSM5, evaluating how and why the new manual was conceived, the process of creation and review and the rationale behind these changes.
I also evaluated the reasons why DSM5 has come in for such attack, and did a critique of the very obvious shortcomings in the execution and implementation of the stated aims.
The document discusses diagnosis in psychiatry. It defines diagnosis as conclusions made about a client's problems and complaints that are used to plan care. Taxonomy involves classifying data into appropriate diagnostic categories. The DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 are the main classification systems used internationally. They organize mental disorders into axes or chapters and provide diagnostic criteria. However, classification systems receive criticism for being overly broad and influenced by culture. Accurate diagnosis is still important for guiding treatment and care plans.
The classification of mental disorders has evolved over time based on the work of Kraepelin who originally classified disorders into two major groups: schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. This helped establish mental disorders as organic conditions and formed the basis for diagnostic systems like the DSM and ICD. The DSM and ICD take different approaches in their classification but both aim to improve reliability through explicit diagnostic criteria. However, studies show poor reliability between psychiatrists due to subjective interpretation of information and cultural differences in diagnosis.
The document provides an overview of the development of the DSM diagnostic system from its origins in the 1920s to the current DSM-5. It discusses the key editions including DSM-I in 1952, DSM-II in 1968, DSM-III in 1980 which introduced a more empirical and reliable approach, and DSM-IV in 1994. It then summarizes the process of developing DSM-5 from 1999 to 2013, which placed greater emphasis on research and dimensional assessments. The document outlines some of the major changes between DSM-IV and DSM-5, including removing the multiaxial system, incorporating dimensional assessments, and revising subtypes and specifiers.
This document discusses psychiatric classification systems and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It provides an overview of the history and evolution of the DSM from 1952 to the current DSM-5 published in 2013. The number of disorders and pages in each edition of the DSM has increased over time. Early editions were based on psychoanalytic concepts while later versions use a neo-Kraepelinian approach emphasizing clinical description and validity. Key changes in the DSM-5 include dimensional assessments, elimination of the multi-axial system, and expanded criteria for certain disorders. The document also briefly discusses the International Classification of Diseases used for mental illness diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of clinical assessment and diagnosis of psychological disorders. It discusses the basic steps in the diagnostic process, including taking a history, mental status examination, and various assessment methods like clinical interviews, behavioral observations, medical exams, and psychological testing. Reliability, validity, and standardization are important concepts in assessment. The document also examines criticisms of diagnostic classification systems like the DSM and ICD.
This document discusses two major classification systems for mental disorders: ICD-10 and DSM-IV. ICD-10 is maintained by the World Health Organization and provides an international standard for defining and classifying diseases. DSM-IV is published by the American Psychiatric Association and utilizes a multi-axial system to evaluate patients across several domains. Both systems aim to provide consistent diagnoses but have disadvantages like oversimplification, misdiagnoses, and potential stigmatization. ICD-11 was adopted in 2019 and DSM-5 removed the axis system and made other changes.
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
The document provides a historical overview of the DSM-5 and describes some of the key changes between DSM-IV and DSM-5. It discusses how the DSM-5 was developed over many years through an extensive review process involving thousands of comments. The DSM-5 reorganizes diagnoses across the lifespan and encourages use of assessment measures. Several neurodevelopmental disorders saw name changes and clarified criteria in the DSM-5.
The document provides an overview of changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5, including organizational changes and highlights in specific disorder categories. Key points include: DSM-5 is organized by developmental lifespan; removes Axes system; adds several new diagnoses but overall similar number of diagnoses; changes in several neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder; and modifications to schizophrenia spectrum disorders by removing subtypes.
Part IThe Uniform Crime Reports page on the FBI government Web sit.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
The Uniform Crime Reports page on the FBI government Web site provides links for their annual
Crime in the United States
publications. Before you are able to view one of these reports, you are given the following disclaimer:
Caution Against Ranking
Each year when
Crime in the United States
is published, some entities use reported figures to compile rankings of cities and counties. These rough rankings provide no insight into the numerous variables that mold crime in a particular town, city, county, state, or region. Consequently, they lead to simplistic and/or incomplete analyses that often create misleading perceptions adversely affecting communities and their residents. Valid assessments are possible only with careful study and analysis of the range of unique conditions affecting each local law enforcement jurisdiction.
The data user is, therefore, cautioned against comparing statistical data of individual reporting units from cities, metropolitan areas, states, or colleges or universities solely on the basis of their population coverage or student enrollment.
Why do you think this cautionary notice is given before users are directed to the FBI's
Crime in the United States
publication? Expand on your viewpoint and find credible sources to support your rationale.
If you would like to visit the Web site, go to http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm#cius.
Part II
Go to http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm#cius, again. Scroll down to the section entitled,
Hate Crime Statistics
, and click on "
Hate Crime Data Collection Guidelines and Training Manual.
"
Using this training guide, complete the following:
Define and describe the following terms:
Prejudice
Stereotype
Discrimination
Racism
Sexism
In-group
Out-group
Conformity
Institutional supports
Social categorization
Point out the distinction between institutional prejudice and personal prejudice.
Explain ways in which stereotypes can influence memory for and perceptions of events.
What are common stereotypes of the specific minority groups explained in the training guide? How may one differentiate those stereotypes from accurate descriptions of the minority groups?
Identify the principal psychological motivations underlying prejudice.
Part III
Based on the information you obtained in Parts I and II, do you think there could be racial or ethnic discrimination in arrests? Does cultural diversity have an impact on law enforcement practice? Provide evidence to support your answer accompanied by proper citation in APA format
.
4-5 pages. Plagiarism must be less then 25% and it must include references
.
Part IPlease provide a definition of organizational learning.The.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
Please provide a definition of "organizational learning."There are many, many, differing definitions of OL - and many opinions on precisely how organizations learn (or if they can even learn at all). Some notable theorists include Chris Argyris, Peter Senge, Bente Elkjaer, James G. March, Herbert A. Simon, Mark Easterbay-Smith, and Fiol & Lyles, among innumerable others.
Is there a difference between the notion of "Organizational Learning" (OL) and that of the "Learning Organization" (LO)? Are we anthropomorphizing (great word!) organizations when we say that they "learn"?
Part II
Please describe the extent to which you believe Google Inc is also a "Learning Organization." If so, how does the organization "learn"? What has the organization "learned," and through what mechanism(s)?
.
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The document discusses the history and editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It summarizes the key changes between each edition of the DSM from the first edition in 1952 to the most recent fifth edition in 2013. These include removing homosexuality as a disorder, adding explicit diagnostic criteria, and eliminating the axis system in favor of listing disorder categories. The DSM aims to provide a common language for diagnosing and studying mental disorders.
The document provides an overview of changes in the DSM-5 relating to substance use disorders and addictive disorders. Key points include:
- Substance use disorders are now called substance-related and addictive disorders to reflect that behaviors can be addictive even without substances.
- Criteria for individual substance use disorders (alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, etc.) are provided, including new specifiers for severity levels.
- Withdrawal symptoms and intoxication criteria are also specified for each substance.
- The chapter aims to better capture addictive behaviors and the biological underpinnings of addiction.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It summarizes the key changes between editions of the DSM from the first edition in 1952 to the most recent fifth edition in 2013. These include changes in the number of diagnoses, the inclusion of explicit diagnostic criteria, and the removal of disorders like homosexuality. The DSM aims to provide a common language for diagnosing mental disorders but there have been criticisms of its lack of validity.
The document discusses psychiatric classification systems. It provides an overview of key concepts like nosology, syndrome, disease, and disorder. It describes the purposes of psychiatric classification as communication, control of disorders, and comprehension. It discusses important criteria for a good classification like reliability, validity, utility, and ease of use. Challenges in psychiatric classification are the reliance on subjective reports and lack of objective measures. The document contrasts categorical and dimensional models of classification and provides examples of disorders where a dimensional approach is favored. It provides a brief history of major classification systems and describes current systems like DSM-5 and ICD-11.
The document provides an overview of psychiatric classification systems. It discusses the definition and advantages of classification, as well as key terms and historical approaches including etiological, descriptive, categorical, and dimensional.
It then describes the development of major classification systems including the DSM and ICD. The DSM is the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association while the ICD is published by the World Health Organization. The document outlines the various editions of the DSM from DSM-I to the current DSM-5. It also discusses other classification systems and tools used in psychiatry such as the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders and the Research Domain Criteria.
The document provides a history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from its first edition in 1952 to the current fifth edition from 2013. It summarizes the major changes between editions, including removing homosexuality as a disorder in 1974 and shifting to explicit diagnostic criteria in 1980. The DSM aims to provide a common language for diagnosing mental disorders but also has limitations due to issues with validity and reliability between editions.
The document provides a history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) from its first edition in 1952 to the current fifth edition from 2013. It summarizes the major changes between editions, including the addition of explicit diagnostic criteria and an emphasis on reliability and validity of diagnoses. The DSM aims to provide a common language for clinicians and researchers for classifying and diagnosing mental disorders.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It summarizes the key changes between editions of the DSM from the first edition in 1952 to the current DSM-5 published in 2013. These include the addition of explicit diagnostic criteria, changes in disorders included, and the elimination of the multiaxial system in DSM-5. The DSM aims to provide a common language for diagnosing mental disorders but is not intended as the definitive classification and continues to be revised as research progresses.
This is a presentation I'd done during my Psychiatry residency. I evaluated the Preamble of the DSM5, evaluating how and why the new manual was conceived, the process of creation and review and the rationale behind these changes.
I also evaluated the reasons why DSM5 has come in for such attack, and did a critique of the very obvious shortcomings in the execution and implementation of the stated aims.
The document discusses diagnosis in psychiatry. It defines diagnosis as conclusions made about a client's problems and complaints that are used to plan care. Taxonomy involves classifying data into appropriate diagnostic categories. The DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 are the main classification systems used internationally. They organize mental disorders into axes or chapters and provide diagnostic criteria. However, classification systems receive criticism for being overly broad and influenced by culture. Accurate diagnosis is still important for guiding treatment and care plans.
The classification of mental disorders has evolved over time based on the work of Kraepelin who originally classified disorders into two major groups: schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. This helped establish mental disorders as organic conditions and formed the basis for diagnostic systems like the DSM and ICD. The DSM and ICD take different approaches in their classification but both aim to improve reliability through explicit diagnostic criteria. However, studies show poor reliability between psychiatrists due to subjective interpretation of information and cultural differences in diagnosis.
The document provides an overview of the development of the DSM diagnostic system from its origins in the 1920s to the current DSM-5. It discusses the key editions including DSM-I in 1952, DSM-II in 1968, DSM-III in 1980 which introduced a more empirical and reliable approach, and DSM-IV in 1994. It then summarizes the process of developing DSM-5 from 1999 to 2013, which placed greater emphasis on research and dimensional assessments. The document outlines some of the major changes between DSM-IV and DSM-5, including removing the multiaxial system, incorporating dimensional assessments, and revising subtypes and specifiers.
This document discusses psychiatric classification systems and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It provides an overview of the history and evolution of the DSM from 1952 to the current DSM-5 published in 2013. The number of disorders and pages in each edition of the DSM has increased over time. Early editions were based on psychoanalytic concepts while later versions use a neo-Kraepelinian approach emphasizing clinical description and validity. Key changes in the DSM-5 include dimensional assessments, elimination of the multi-axial system, and expanded criteria for certain disorders. The document also briefly discusses the International Classification of Diseases used for mental illness diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of clinical assessment and diagnosis of psychological disorders. It discusses the basic steps in the diagnostic process, including taking a history, mental status examination, and various assessment methods like clinical interviews, behavioral observations, medical exams, and psychological testing. Reliability, validity, and standardization are important concepts in assessment. The document also examines criticisms of diagnostic classification systems like the DSM and ICD.
This document discusses two major classification systems for mental disorders: ICD-10 and DSM-IV. ICD-10 is maintained by the World Health Organization and provides an international standard for defining and classifying diseases. DSM-IV is published by the American Psychiatric Association and utilizes a multi-axial system to evaluate patients across several domains. Both systems aim to provide consistent diagnoses but have disadvantages like oversimplification, misdiagnoses, and potential stigmatization. ICD-11 was adopted in 2019 and DSM-5 removed the axis system and made other changes.
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
The document provides a historical overview of the DSM-5 and describes some of the key changes between DSM-IV and DSM-5. It discusses how the DSM-5 was developed over many years through an extensive review process involving thousands of comments. The DSM-5 reorganizes diagnoses across the lifespan and encourages use of assessment measures. Several neurodevelopmental disorders saw name changes and clarified criteria in the DSM-5.
The document provides an overview of changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5, including organizational changes and highlights in specific disorder categories. Key points include: DSM-5 is organized by developmental lifespan; removes Axes system; adds several new diagnoses but overall similar number of diagnoses; changes in several neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder; and modifications to schizophrenia spectrum disorders by removing subtypes.
Part IThe Uniform Crime Reports page on the FBI government Web sit.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
The Uniform Crime Reports page on the FBI government Web site provides links for their annual
Crime in the United States
publications. Before you are able to view one of these reports, you are given the following disclaimer:
Caution Against Ranking
Each year when
Crime in the United States
is published, some entities use reported figures to compile rankings of cities and counties. These rough rankings provide no insight into the numerous variables that mold crime in a particular town, city, county, state, or region. Consequently, they lead to simplistic and/or incomplete analyses that often create misleading perceptions adversely affecting communities and their residents. Valid assessments are possible only with careful study and analysis of the range of unique conditions affecting each local law enforcement jurisdiction.
The data user is, therefore, cautioned against comparing statistical data of individual reporting units from cities, metropolitan areas, states, or colleges or universities solely on the basis of their population coverage or student enrollment.
Why do you think this cautionary notice is given before users are directed to the FBI's
Crime in the United States
publication? Expand on your viewpoint and find credible sources to support your rationale.
If you would like to visit the Web site, go to http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm#cius.
Part II
Go to http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm#cius, again. Scroll down to the section entitled,
Hate Crime Statistics
, and click on "
Hate Crime Data Collection Guidelines and Training Manual.
"
Using this training guide, complete the following:
Define and describe the following terms:
Prejudice
Stereotype
Discrimination
Racism
Sexism
In-group
Out-group
Conformity
Institutional supports
Social categorization
Point out the distinction between institutional prejudice and personal prejudice.
Explain ways in which stereotypes can influence memory for and perceptions of events.
What are common stereotypes of the specific minority groups explained in the training guide? How may one differentiate those stereotypes from accurate descriptions of the minority groups?
Identify the principal psychological motivations underlying prejudice.
Part III
Based on the information you obtained in Parts I and II, do you think there could be racial or ethnic discrimination in arrests? Does cultural diversity have an impact on law enforcement practice? Provide evidence to support your answer accompanied by proper citation in APA format
.
4-5 pages. Plagiarism must be less then 25% and it must include references
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Part IPlease provide a definition of organizational learning.The.docxmosyrettcc
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Please provide a definition of "organizational learning."There are many, many, differing definitions of OL - and many opinions on precisely how organizations learn (or if they can even learn at all). Some notable theorists include Chris Argyris, Peter Senge, Bente Elkjaer, James G. March, Herbert A. Simon, Mark Easterbay-Smith, and Fiol & Lyles, among innumerable others.
Is there a difference between the notion of "Organizational Learning" (OL) and that of the "Learning Organization" (LO)? Are we anthropomorphizing (great word!) organizations when we say that they "learn"?
Part II
Please describe the extent to which you believe Google Inc is also a "Learning Organization." If so, how does the organization "learn"? What has the organization "learned," and through what mechanism(s)?
.
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Q1: What does Function Declaration and Function Call do?
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PART I
Directions
: Research the recovery work of two of the following organizations:
•
A Federal Government agency (e.g., Dept of Housing & Urban Development)
•
A private company (e.g., BP)
•
A nongovernmental organization (e.g., Habitat for Humanity)
•
A civic organization (e.g., Rotary International)
•
A community organization (e.g., Woodbine Community Organization)
•
A religious organization (e.g., United Methodist Committee on Relief)
Then answer the following questions. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
1.What are the names of the entities?
2.What is the disaster being addressed?
3.Describe in two paragraphs (one paragraph per entity) the recovery work being conducted.
4.Provide the URL that provides more information about each entity.
5.Compare and contrast the work of the two entities, citing examples.
PART II
Directions
: Based on your review of the article “Recovery Doesn't Just Happen” (see link at the end of the Lecture Notes) write a summary report on the points discussed about disaster/emergency recovery. Please ensure that your report is at least 1.5 pages in length, using 12-point font and double spacing. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
.
PART IDirections Read the questions below and write a respons.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions:
Read the questions below and write a response of at least two paragraphs in length. Each paragraph must consist of 5 to 7 sentences. Your answers should provide strong examples and details from the textbook.
1.
What does archaeology tell us about the Harappan civilization in India?
2.
What kind of society and culture did the Indo-European Aryans create?
3.
What ideas and practices were taught by the founders of Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism?
4.
What was the result of Indian contact with the Persians and Greeks, and what were the consequences of unification under the Mauryan Empire?
5.
What was the impact of China’s geography on the development of Chinese societies?
6.
What was life like during the Shang Dynasty, and what effect did writing have on Chinese culture and government?
7.
How did advances in military technology contribute to the rise of independent states?
8.
What ideas did Confucius teach, and how were they spread after his death?
PART II:
Journal
Directions:
The purpose of the journal is to actively engage in self-learning and opportunities to clarify and reflect upon your thinking of world history in different ways. Further, the journal is intended to help the student gain writing fluency knowledge and creativity in doing so.
You should express your ideas and feelings, special terms, and expressions heard and used to convey historical knowledge and events.
You not only be graded on the content of your journaling activities, but on the completion of the assignment and writing skills required for each journal activity assignment.
Write a minimum of 3 paragraphs that consist of at least 7 sentences for each of the following questions:
1.
If I could be reincarnated I would want to come back as a fish
2.
It really annoys me when people say get over it
3.
If I could change one thing in history it would be , having to get a permit to carry a hand gun.
Discussion part at least 100 words please
What were some of the social, religious and political achievements of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in early Chinese history?
dule 2 Discussion Board
.
Part II Personal Theory PresentationSubmit a 5 to 7 slide prese.docxmosyrettcc
Part II: Personal Theory Presentation
Submit
a 5 to 7 slide presentation where you create your own intervention theory. You may combine theories or you can invent a completely new theory.
Include
the following in your presentation:
Explain your personal theory and why you believe in it.
Describe the theories and theorists that you relate to the best and why.
What surprised you most about the theories learned in class and why?
Format
your presentation consistent with APA guidelines, with speakers notes, and in-text citations.
.
PART II Comparisons Choose one of the three pairs of theorists.docxmosyrettcc
PART II Comparisons
Choose one
of the three pairs of theorists below. Explain how their ideas compare with each other. What are the similarities or continuities? What are the differences? Are they compatible? You should demonstrate that you know what each concept is on its own and attempt to draw comparisons as best you can. Your answer should be about 500-600 words but it is most important than you take the time to formulate a thesis and back it up by making clear and concise comparisons in a well-organized manner.
D. Marx and Weber
Compare and contrast the way that Marx and Weber describe life under the division of labor and the capitalist mode of production. Compare how they both see it as a controlling power that subordinates people to its requirements. How similar are they? Are there any differences to how they see this issue? Look especially at how Marx discusses the “general formula for capital” in
Capital
and how Weber discusses rationalization and the iron cage at the end of
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
.
E. Weber and Durkheim
Compare the ways that Weber and Durkheim discuss social stratification. Towards the end of his discussion of “Classes, Status Groups and Parties,” Weber addresses the way the division, grouping and inequality of people on the basis of their economic position in the market affects the social position of status groups, especially when discussing castes and privileges of social ranks. How do markets and individual competition affect the social privileges of status groups? How does this compare with Durkheim’s discussion of caste in the section on the “Forced Division of Labor”? How does caste conflict with the spontaneous distribution of people into occupations?
F. Durkheim and Marx
Both Marx and Durkheim discuss the relation of individual development to the development of the species as a whole through the development of the division of labor. They both agree that the division of labor confers benefits on the species. They may differ on some of the details. Compare and contrast Marx’s and Durkheim’s discussion of the fate of individual and the species as it relates to the division of labor, specialization and the dangers of fragmentation. Look at Marx’s discussion of “Alienated Labor” (and perhaps some parts of the
German Ideology
) and Durkheim’s discussion in the “Anomic Division of Labor” and his “Conclusion” in
The Division of Labor in Society
. How do their views on specialization and human development differ?
.
PART IQ1 Define artificial intelligence” and describe the ran.docxmosyrettcc
PART I:
Q1: Define “artificial intelligence” and describe the range of techniques and applications. Explain the pros and cons of various knowledge representation methods.
Suppose a research built a robot that acted exactly like an insect, like a cockroach. Would that count as “intelligent?” What if it acted exactly like a cocker spaniel? (At least 100 Word)
Q2: Describe the issues faced by video game graphics rendering
Explain the purpose and function of a GPU. List and explain other techniques used for real-time graphics. (At least 100 Word)
Q3: Describe how MMOGs work, and the particular challenges they face. Explain how virtual communities like Second Life operate as MMOGs. (At least 100 Word)
PART II:
Write a 2 page research paper (excluding the title and reference pages) on artificial intelligence. Use three resources (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of the paper in the reference list section.
.
Part I1.Explain the relationship between technological sophisti.docxmosyrettcc
This document outlines a three-part essay on energy sources. Part I explains the relationship between technological sophistication and energy use, and discusses the costs and benefits of fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, solar and wind power. Part II involves researching what percentage of global electricity comes from wind power using an online search engine and discussing if wind power could replace fossil fuels. Part III discusses solutions to the world's energy problem and renewable technologies that can enable sustainable economic growth, citing specific issues and potential solutions using APA style sources over at least one page.
PART IDirections Answer the following questions. Be sure to .docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions
: Answer the following questions. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
1.How is the National Guard deployed to assist in response to a disaster?
2.What is the role of first responders when a routine “minor disaster” occurs in a local community?
3.What drives the actions of local first responders?
4.Where can you find a detailed description of the roles and responsibilities of first responders in your community?
5.Who is usually in charge of developing and maintaining the community emergency plan?
6.Where does the emergency management office reside at the state level? Give three examples.
7.What is the principal source of funding for state emergency management offices?
8.What kinds of things do volunteer organizations provide for victims in the aftermath of a disaster?
9.What is the Incident Command System, and why was it originally developed?
10.What are the five major management systems within the Incident Command System?
11.What is the role of the incident commander?
12.At whose discretion is the decision to make a disaster declaration?
13.What is the National Response Framework?
14.How does the National Response Framework compare to its predecessors, the National Response Plan, and the Federal Response Plan?
15.What are some of the reasons why communications among responding agencies is crucial?
PART II
Directions
: Based on your review of the article “CDC Response to the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill” (see link at the end of the Lecture Notes) write a summary report on their response to that disaster. Please ensure that your report is at least 1.5 pages in length, using 12-point font and double spacing. Be sure to cite any sources you use. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for concise guidelines on APA format.
.
Part I1.Neil Postman, author of Technology The Surrender of .docxmosyrettcc
Part I:
1.Neil Postman, author of
Technology: The Surrender of Culture to Society,
states that “every technology is both a burden and a blessing: not either-or, but this and that." What is your interpretation of this quote? Provide three examples from readings or lecture that support or counter the premise of Neil Postman's statement.
2.What are the two major considerations pertinent to ethical decision-making when using technology?
3.List and describe four ethical choices that should be considered when developing new technologies?
Part II:
Use Internet resources to prepare a paper on whistle blowing or cybercrime. This essay should be at least one page in length.
Part III:
Using the course textbook and Internet resources, write a paper about a case that illustrates the lack of ethics or social responsibility. There are many examples that you can select: Love Canal, Exxon Valdez, Chernobyl, The Columbia, The Challenger, Three Mile Island, etc. Be sure to include sociological theory, terms and concepts from the required readings and outside sources. Be sure to cite your sources using APA style format. This report should be at least one page in length.
.
Part IAfter reading about the Leopold-Loeb Case, write a 2–3 page .docxmosyrettcc
Part I
After reading about the Leopold-Loeb Case, write a 2–3 page informative paper responding to the following:
How was the victim, Bobby Frank, killed and with what type of weapon?
What would be the primary characteristics of this type of wound?
The investigators linked key evidence from this crime scene to the original source. What was the source, and how valuable was that source of information in connecting one of the defendants to the crime scene?
How would you categorize the motive for the killing in this case?
What type of homicide was this case Leopold-Loeb compared to the types that were learned in the chapter readings?
What are the basic investigative techniques? Did this case follow them? If so, how?
Part II
What is neutralization theory?
Name 5 of these and illustrate how they work.
Define and contrast primary and secondary deviance. Provide an example for each.
What are the policy implications of labeling theory?
.
Part I1.Describe human successes in five technologies and human.docxmosyrettcc
Part I:
1.Describe human successes in five technologies and human failures in five different technologies.
2.Describe two cases mentioned in the lecture or the text that illustrate the impact of technology on society.
3.Discuss the differences in technology use between the Paleolithic and Mesolithic Periods.
Part II:
Use the Internet to research one specific technology of your choice. For example, car, TV, Internet, computers, sewing machines, etc. Describe how this technology impacted society economically, environmentally, medically, and ethically. This essay should be at least one page in length.
Part III:
Write a report about a site that would exemplify issues discussed in the readings from Module 1. Examples may include nuclear plants, factories, waste disposal companies, or medical facilities. Be sure to include sociological theory, terms and concepts from the required readings and outside sources. Be sure to cite your sources using APA style format. This report should be at least one page in length.
.
Part IAnswer in 100 words or moreCopyright laws are changing as.docxmosyrettcc
Part I
Answer in 100 words or more:
Copyright laws are changing as digital sound, image, and video technologies evolve and become easier to use. Although the courts seem to clearly hold that it is illegal to copy media for profit, they are not as clear about the acceptability of modifications. For example, video editing software makes it relatively simple for people to clip out parts of movies they find to be objectionable for themselves or their children. Should it be legal to do so for personal use? What if an organization wanted to rent out such edited copies? What if DVD players and movies were set up so that the devices would edit and display the revised version on the fly? After you consider your own opinion, you might check the Web to see the latest information about this issue.
PART II:
Suppose that there was a nationwide database of electronic medical records, with strong security to try to prevent unauthorized access. What would be the benefits and costs of such a system? Apply the “paramedic method” to analyzing this subject.
Use at least one resource (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of the paper in the reference list section. Your response should be two pages (excluding the title and reference pages).
PART III:
Write a 2 page research paper (excluding the title and reference pages) on personal privacy and social networks. Use three resources (Wikipedia sources are not permitted) and list each resource used at the end of the paper in the reference list section.
.
PART IDirections Read the questions below and formulate a res.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions:
Read the questions below and formulate a response to each that is at least one hundred words in length. Please cite the textbook and external resources to support your answer
(Wikipedia sources are not permitted). List each resource used at the end of paper in the reference list section. Please remember that you may utilize LIRN to help you search for resources. You can visit the Academic Resource Center for a guide on how to utilize LIRN successfully.
1. List and briefly describe four common difficulties encountered by anthropologists in the field.
2.
Describe four symptoms of culture shock.
3. Contrast formal and informal interviewing.
4. Describe how key informants are selected.
5. Discuss the importance and limitations of participant observation in fieldwork.
6. Contrast a phoneme and a morpheme.
7. Is one language more complex than another? Explain why or why not.
8. Explain how displacement is a part of human symbolic communication.
9. Compare and contrast human and chimpanzee communication.
10. Using examples, explain how silent language is a part of culture.
PART II:
Journal
Using a minimum of three resources (Wikipedia.com is not an option) write a 1 to 2 page paper in APA format to identify and discuss is the term silent language. Explain how a knowledge of silent language is important if one is engaged in international travel or business. Cite examples from readings, the Internet, or print media to illust
.
PART IDirections Read the questions below and formulate a respo.docxmosyrettcc
PART I
Directions: Read the questions below and formulate a response to each that is at least one hundred words in length. Please cite the textbook and external resources to support your answer (Wikipedia sources are not permitted). List each resource used at the end of paper in the reference list section. Please remember that you may utilize LIRN to help you search for resources. You can visit the Academic Resource Center for a guide on how to utilize LIRN successfully.
1.Briefly describe two goals for anthropological research.
2.Discuss one difficulty that cultural anthropologists encounter when they strive to apply the scientific method.
3.What are the four fields of anthropology, and what kinds of phenomena do anthropologists working in these areas study?
4.Discuss how anthropology is unique when compared with other disciplines.
5.Explain the concept of ethnocentrism. How can it be harmful to the ethnocentric person and to others?
6.List the three major components of culture.
7.Explain what is meant by a subculture.
8.How is race a cultural construct?
9.Define and explain the concept of culture.
10.Discuss why human skin color cannot be used to identify between human ethnic groups.
PART II: Journal
Using a minimum of three resources (Wikipedia.com is not an option) write a 1 to 2 page paper in APA format to identify and discuss how anthropologists use the scientific method to investigate and explain human cultural behavior. Why is it sometimes difficult to apply the scientific method in studies of other cultures?
.
Part I1.Explain how the Cairo 1994 Population Conference strate.docxmosyrettcc
Part I:
1.Explain how the Cairo 1994 Population Conference strategy of increased women’s responsibility and education will help to reduce fertility rates. What sub-issues are also brought forth from this approach?
2.Interpret and further explain the world arguments for and against birth control in Section 24. Also try to interpret and represent different cultures’ and non-western, developing countries’ viewpoints.
3.Outline clearly why declining world fertility rates do not reduce population growth at a parallel rate.
4.Describe why the concept of population carrying capacity is difficult to apply to the human population.
5.Describe the dynamics of food supply for increasing human populations.
Part II:
Explain why population growth is more rapidly growing in the lower developed countries and will account for most of the new population by 2025.
Part III:
Using the Internet and other sources, research in more detail food supply problems for LDC’s and industrialized nations in view of the next century’s population growth and their national population growth.
.
Part I. Short Answer. 30 Points. Answer all five questions.docxmosyrettcc
Part I. Short Answer. 30 Points.
Answer all five questions. Your answers should use most or all of each available line space. (5 questions, 6 points apiece.)
Saint Augustine saw the Trinitarian image of God in these three operations of the human mind: ______________________________________
What does
Filioque
mean in English? _______________
For Richard of St. Victor, why must there be three persons in the Trinity?
____________________________________
According to St. Thomas, what are the two processions in the Trinity? ____________________
For Karl Rahner, what is the problem with using the word “Person” to talk about the members of the Trinity today? _______________________________________
Part II.
Short Essay. 30 points.
Answer any two of the following four questions (15 points apiece). Write five full lines for your answer.
1. Write five lines about the missions of Son and Spirit in St. Augustine.
2. Write five lines about notions from Aristotle that Aquinas brought to his theology.
3. Write five lines about Divine poverty and self-emptying in Hans Urs Von Balthasar.
4.
Write five lines about the Divine
perichoresis
in Kallistos Ware.
Part III.
Essay. 40 points.
Answer any two of the following four questions (20 points apiece). Write eight lines for each of your answers.
Write eight lines about the notions of procession, relation, and person in Thomas Aquinas,
or
about the Trinity in St. Bonaventure.
2. Write eight lines about the
Filioque
controversy, including both the Western (Catholic) and Eastern (Orthodox) perspectives.
3. Write eight lines about the Trinitarian Image of God in the human mind in Augustine.
4. Write eight lines about what the Eastern perspective on the Trinity offered by Kallistos Ware.
Part IV.
Extra Credit. 5 points.
Answer any one of the following two questions. Write five lines for your answer.
1. Write five lines about how human relationships and society are supposed to be affected by the doctrine of the Trinity, drawing from any thinker, including Benedict XVI.
2. Write five lines about the Trinity in Richard of St. Victor.
.
PART I – Short Response Answer in 1-2 paragraphsThe Korean .docxmosyrettcc
PART I – Short Response:
Answer in 1-2 paragraphs
The Korean War unofficially ended in 1953, resulting in the Communist North and Democratic South Korean states being divided by the Demilitarized Zone. How has the reclusive North Korean “juche” or communist government affected the geography of Southeast Asia? Consider economics, politics, culture, and potential military actions or alliances.
PART II – SHORT RESEARCH PAPER
Directions
: Search for two (2) peer reviewed research articles that will serve as the basis for your homework this week.
deBlij, Muller, and Nigman (2014) discuss the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India in your text. It has been a longstanding geographical problem that involves all aspects of geography, but has a focus in cultural geography. Write a 2 page double-spaced, APA-formatted essay that evaluates the following:
What is the major concern with the Kashmir problem?
What parties/countries are involved in the Kashmir problem?
Has this dispute become violent?
Where does the issue stand today?
In your opinion, which side is correct in the Kashmir dispute?
Offer an idea that would provide a resolution to the dispute.
Include a map with your document that clearly demonstrates the area that is at dispute in the Kashmir.
.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
1. The Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders,
Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
Cardwell C. Nuckols, PhD
[email protected]
www.cnuckols.com
mailto:[email protected]�
HISTORY OF THE DSM
• 1840 1 Dx – U.S. Census – Idiocy/Insanity
– Also in the 1840s, southern alienists discovered a
malady called Drapetomania - the inexplicable, mad
longing of a slave for freedom.
• 1880 7 Dx’s – U.S. Census
– Mania – mostly as defined today, a condition
characterized by severely elevated mood.
– Melancholia – would be noted as depression today.
– Monomania - Pathological obsession with a single
subject or idea. Excessive concentration of interest
upon one particular subject or idea. The difference
between monomania and passion can be very subtle
and difficult to recognize.
2. – Paresis – general or partial paralysis. (This would not
be the last time that a physical affliction crept into
the psychological arena; among the disorders
described in the DSM-IV –TR is snoring, or Breathing
Related Sleep Disorder 780.59, pp. 615-622).
– Dementia – as described today as characterized by
multiple cognitive deficits that include impairment
in memory (most common Alzheimer's).
– Dipsomania - An insatiable craving for alcoholic
beverages.
– Epilepsy
HISTORY OF THE DSM
• 1940 – 26 Dx's (ICD-6; WHO)
– Which took its nomenclature from the US Army and
Veterans Administration nomenclature. The WHO system
included 10 categories for psychoses, 9 for
psychoneuroses, and 7 for disorders of character,
behavior, and intelligence)
• 1952 DSM – 106 Dx’s
– DSM-I included 3 categories of psychopathology: organic
brain syndromes, functional disorders, and mental
deficiency. These categories contained 106
diagnoses. Only one diagnosis, Adjustment Reaction of
Childhood/Adolescence, could be applied to children.
• 1968 DSM-II – 185 Dx’s (revised DSM-II, 1974)
3. – It had 11 major diagnostic categories. Increased attention
was given to the problems of children and adolescence
with the categorical addition of Behavior Disorders of
Childhood-Adolescence.
– This category included Hyperkinetic Reaction,
Withdrawing Reaction, Overanxious Reaction, Runaway
Reaction, Unsocialized Aggressive Reaction, and Group
Delinquent Reaction.
HISTORY OF THE DSM
Up until December 26, 1974 Homosexuality was considered a
form of
deviant behavior and was a psychiatric condition.
HISTORY OF THE DSM
• 1980 DSM-III – 265 Dx’s (roughly coincided with
ICD-9, but differed from the ICD-9 which still listed
disorders for statistical reasons as opposed to
clinical utility).
– DSM-III included multiaxial system.
– Explicit diagnostic criteria.
– Descriptive approach neutral to etiology theory.
– Unlike its predecessors, DSM-III, it was based on
scientific evidence. Its reliability was improved with
the addition of explicit diagnostic criteria and
structured interviews.
4. – Although ICD and DSM were similar in terms of
criteria, their codes were very different.
• 1987 DSM-III-R – 297 Dx’s
– Occurred because DSM-III revealed a number of
inconsistencies in the system and a number of
instances in which the criteria were not entirely
clear.
• 1994 DSM-IV – 365 Dx’s –
– DSM-III nomenclature allowed more precise research
of disorders for the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR.
• 2000 DSM-IV-TR – 365 Dx’s
HISTORY OF THE DSM
DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– Includes organizational structure
• SECTION II-DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND
CODES
• SECTION III-EMERGING MEASURES AND
MODELS
– Alternative Model for Personality Disorders
– Conditions for Further Study
5. • APPENDIX
DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– “…the boundaries between many disorder
‘categories’ are more fluid over the life course
than DSM-IV recognized, and many symptoms
assigned to a single disorder may occur, at
varying levels of severity, in many other
disorders.”
– Scientific evidence places many, if not most,
disorders on a spectrum with closely related
disorders that have shared symptoms
DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– Organizational Structure
• “DSM is a medical classification of disorders and as
such serves as a historically determined cognitive
schema imposed on clinical and scientific information
to increase its comprehensibility and utility.”
• “Conditions for Further Study,” described in Section III,
are those for which it was determined that the
scientific evidence is not yet available to support
clinical use.
6. DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– Organizational Structure
• Personality Disorders are included in both Sections II
and III. Section II represents an update of the text
associated with the same criteria found in DSM-IV-TR,
whereas Section III includes the proposed research
model for personality disorder diagnosis and
conceptualization
DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– Organizational Structure
• Harmonization with ICD-11 ( International
Classification of Disease)
– DSM-5 and proposed structure of ICD-11 are working toward
consistency
– ICD-10 is scheduled for US implementation in October 2014
– ICD-9 codes are used in DSM-5
• Dimensional Approach to Diagnosis
– Previous DSM’s considered each diagnosis categorically
separate from health and other diagnoses
7. – Doesn’t capture the widespread sharing of symptoms and
risk factors (why we had some many NOS diagnoses)
Dimensional Approach to Diagnosis
• Shared neural substrates
• Family traits
• Genetic risk factors
• Specific environmental risk factors
• Biomarkers
• Temperamental antecedents
• Abnormalities of emotional or cognitive
processing
• Symptom similarity
• Course of illness
• High comorbidity
• Shared treatment response
Dimensional Approach to Diagnosis
• It is demonstrated that the clustering of
disorders according to internalizing and
externalizing factors represent an empirically
supported framework. Within both the
internalizing group (anxiety, depression and
somatic) and externalizing group (impulsive,
disruptive conduct and substance use), the
sharing of genetic and environmental risk
factors likely explains the comorbidities
8. DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– Organizational Structure
• Developmental and Lifespan Considerations
– Begins with diagnoses that occur early in life
(neurodevelopmental and schizophrenia spectrum),
followed by diagnoses that more commonly
manifest in adolescence and young adulthood
(bipolar, depressive and anxiety disorders and ends
with diagnoses relevant to adulthood and later life
(neurocognitive disorders)
– After neurodevelopmental disorders, see groups of
internalizing (emotional and somatic) disorders,
externalizing disorders, neurocognitive disorders
and other disorders
DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– Organizational Structure
• Developmental and Lifespan Considerations
– Cultural Issues
– Gender Differences
– Use of Other Specified and Unspecified Disorders
» Replaces NOS designation
9. » Other Specified used when clinician wishes to
communicate the specific reason the
presentation does not meet criteria for
diagnoses
» If clinician does not choose to specify the
reason Unspecified Disorder is used
DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– Organizational Structure
• The Multiaxial System
– DSM-5 has moved to a nonaxial documentation system
– DSM-5 has combined Axis III with Axes I and II. Clinicians
should continue to list medical conditions that are important
to the understanding or management of an individual's
mental disorder
– Axis IV psychosocial and environmental problems utilize a
selected set of ICD-9-CM V codes and the new Z codes
contained in ICD-10
– Axis V GAF is dropped but a global measure of disability the
WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) is included
in Section III
10. DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– Provisional Diagnosis
• When strong presumption that full criteria will
ultimately be met
– Examples
» When a extremely depressed individual is
unable to give an adequate history
» When differential diagnosis depends
exclusively on duration of illness such as
schizophreniform disorder where duration is
over one month but less than six
DSM-5
• SECTION I-BASICS
– Coding and Reporting
• Identifying diagnostic and statistical codes established
by WHO, the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Services (CMS), the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
• Example
11. – Opioid Withdrawal 292.0 (F11.23)
» 292.0 is ICD-9-CM
» F11.23 is ICD-10-CM code for adoption in October 2014
DSM V
• SECTION II-DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND
CODES
– Neurodevelopmental Disorders
– Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
Disorders
– Bipolar and Related Disorders
– Depressive Disorders
– Anxiety Disorders
– Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
DSM V
• SECTION II-DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND
CODES
– Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
– Dissociative Disorders
– Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
– Feeding and Eating Disorders
– Elimination Disorders
– Sleep-Wake Disorders
– Sexual Dysfunctions
12. DSM V
• SECTION II-DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND
CODES
– Gender Dysphoria
– Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct
Disorders
– Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
– Neurocognitive Disorders
– Personality Disorders
DSM V
• SECTION II-DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND
CODES
– Paraphilic Disorders
– Other Mental Disorders
– Medication-Induced Movement Disorders and
Other Adverse Effects of Medication
– Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical
Attention
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
• INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
• COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
• AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
• ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY
13. DISORDER
• SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDER
• MOTOR DISORDERS
– TIC DISORDERS SUCH AS TOURETTES
• Using DSM-IV, patients could be diagnosed with
four separate disorders: autistic disorder,
Asperger’s disorder, childhood disintegrative
disorder, or the catch-all diagnosis of pervasive
developmental disorder not otherwise specified.
Researchers found that these separate
diagnoses were not consistently applied across
different clinics and treatment centers. Anyone
diagnosed with one of the four pervasive
developmental disorders (PDD) from DSM-IV
should still meet the criteria for ASD in DSM-5
or another, more accurate DSM-5 diagnosis.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
• People with ASD tend to have communication
deficits, such as responding inappropriately in
conversations, misreading nonverbal interactions, or
14. having difficulty building friendships appropriate to
their age. In addition, people with ASD may be overly
dependent on routines, highly sensitive to changes in
their environment, or intensely focused on
inappropriate items. Again, the symptoms of people
with ASD will fall on a continuum, with some
individuals showing mild symptoms and others having
much more severe symptoms.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder
• Changes from DSM IV
– Age of onset of impairing symptoms by age 7 to age
12
• Increase number of adult diagnoses
– Changes the three subtypes to three current
presentations
– Add a fourth presentation for restrictive inattention
– Change to accommodate a lifespan relevance of each
symptom (change in examples without changing the
DSM IV wording)
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder
15. • Changes from DSM IV
– Modify to indicate the information must be obtained
from two different informants
• Parents
• Teachers
• Significant other adult
– The ADHD diagnosis in previous editions of DSM was
written to help clinicians identify the disorder in
children. Almost two decades of research
conclusively show that a significant number of
individuals diagnosed with ADHD as children
continue to experience the disorder as adults.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder • Presentations
– Combined Presentation: Inattention and
Hyperactivity-Impulsivity criteria met
– Predominantly Inattentive: Inattention criteria met
and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity criteria not met but 3
or more symptoms present for the last 6 months
– Inattentive Presentation (Restrictive): Inattentive
criteria met but no more than 2 symptoms from
Hyperactivity-Impulsivity criteria present for the past
6 months
– Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive: Hyperactivity-
Impulsivity criteria met but Inattentive is not met
16. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other
Psychotic Disorders
• SCHIZOTYPAL (PERSONALITY) DISORDER
• DELUSIONAL DISORDER
• BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
• SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER
• SCHIZOPHRENIA
• SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER
• SUBSTANCE/MEDICATION INDUCED
PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other
Psychotic Disorders
• BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
• MORE THAN ONE DAY, LESS THAN A MONTH
• SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER
• LASTS ONE TO SIX MONTHS WITH RECOVERY
• SCHIZOPHRENIA
• LASTS AT LEAST SIX MONTHS
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other
17. Psychotic Disorders
• Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic
Disorder
– Presence of one or both of the following
symptoms:
• Delusions
• Hallucinations
– Evidence of both
• Delusions and/or hallucinations developed soon after
substance intoxication or withdrawal or after
exposure to a medication
• Involves substances/medications capable of producing
these symptoms (sedative, hypnotics or anxiolytics)
Bipolar and Related Disorders
• Placed between schizophrenia spectrum and
depressive disorder recognizing their place as
a bridge between the two categories
• Includes not only changes in mood but also
changes in activity in Criteria A
– Increase in goal directed activity or psychomotor
agitation
18. – Excessive involvement in activities with high
incidence for painful consequences
Bipolar and Related Disorders
• Bipolar and Related Disorders include…
– Bipolar I Disorder- must have a manic episode
with abnormally, persistently elevated, expansive
or irritable mood and persistently increased
activity or energy present most of the day, nearly
every day for a period of at least one week;
generally there also exists major depressive
episodes
– Bipolar II Disorder- must have at least one
episode of major depression and at least
hypomanic episode
Bipolar and Related Disorders
• Bipolar and Related Disorders include…
– Cyclothymic Disorder- given to adults who experience
at least two years (children, one) of both hypomanic
and depressive episodes without ever fulfilling the
criteria for an episode of mania, hypomania or major
depression
19. • Numerous specifiers such as rapid cycling, with
melancholic features (despondency, despair),
atypical features (weight gain, hypersomnolence),
seasonal pattern and with psychotic features
Bipolar and Related Disorders
• Addition of an anxious specifier(also added to
depressive disorders)
– With anxious distress
• The presence of at least two of the following symptoms
during the majority of days of the current or most recent
episode of mania, hypomania or depression
– Feeling keyed up or tense
– Feeling unusually restless
– Difficulty concentrating because of worry
– Fear that something awful may happen
– Feeling that the individual might lose control of himself or
herself
• Higher levels of anxiety associated with higher suicide risk,
longer duration of illness and greater likelihood of
treatment nonresponse
Bipolar and Related Disorders
20. • Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and
Related Disorder
– Develop during or soon after substance intoxication
or withdrawal or after exposure to a medication
• Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic
• Amphetamine
• Cocaine
• Alcohol
• Phencyclidine
• Hallucinogens
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
• Depressive Disorders include…
– Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
– Major Depressive Disorder
– Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
– Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
– Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive disorder
• Common feature is the presence of sad, empty
or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and
cognitive changes that impact function
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
• Addresses concerns about childhood bipolar
disorder and potential overdiagnosis by creating
a new diagnosis, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation
Disorder
21. – Children up to the age of 18
– Exhibits persistent irritability and frequent episodes
of extreme verbal (verbal rages) and behavioral
dyscontrol (physical aggression) toward people or
property out of proportion to the situation and
inconsistent with developmental level occurring on
average three or more times per week.
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder moved from
“Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further
Study” into Section II of DSM-5
– In majority of cycles symptoms present in final week
before menses, start to improve within a few days
after onset and become minimal or absent in the
week postmenses
• What was diagnosed as Dysthymia in DSM-IV is
called Persistent Depressive Disorder which
includes chronic major depression and dysthymic
disorder
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
• In DSM-IV there was an exclusion criteria for
major depressive episode that applied to
symptoms lasting less than 2 months
following death of a loved one
22. • This is omitted in DSM-5 because…
– Bereavement is a severe psychosocial stressor
that can precipitate major depression in
vulnerable individuals
– The duration is more commonly 1-2 years
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
• “Although such symptoms (bereavement)
may be understood or considered
appropriate to the loss, the presence of a
major depressive episode in addition to the
normal response to a significant loss should
also be carefully considered.”
– With grief the predominant affect is feelings of
emptiness and loss while with MDE it is
persistent depressed mood and an inability to
anticipate happiness or pleasure
ANXIETY DISORDERS
• Anxiety Disorders include…
– Separation Anxiety Disorder
– Selective Mutism
– Specific Phobia
– Social Anxiety Disorder
– Panic Disorder
– Agoraphobia
– Generalized Anxiety Disorder
23. – Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
ANXIETY DISORDERS
• Share features of fear and anxiety and
related behavioral disturbances
– Fear is an autonomic response to real or
perceived threat
– Anxiety is muscle tension and vigilance in
preparation for future danger
• Differ from one another in the types of
situations or objects that induce fear, anxiety
and/or avoidance plus the cognitive ideation
• Highly comorbid with one another
ANXIETY DISORDERS
• No longer includes obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD), acute stress disorder and
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
– Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
– Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
• Panic attacks can now be listed as a specifier
applicable to all DSM-5 disorders
– Panic attack and agoraphobia are unlinked
24. ANXIETY DISORDERS
• Former DSM-IV diagnosis of panic attack with or
without agoraphobia and agoraphobia without
history of panic attack is now two distinct
disorders
– Panic Disorder
– Agoraphobia
• Selective Mutism (consistent failure to speak in
social situations where speaking is expected) and
Separation Anxiety Disorder ( fear or anxiety
concerning separation from an attachment figure)
are now listed under Anxiety Disorders
– Under childhood and adolescent disorders in DSM-IV
ANXIETY DISORDERS
• Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
– Example- heavy coffee consumption with severe
anxiety
• Caffeine-induced Anxiety Disorder
– Example- panic attacks during or after use of a
stimulant such as cocaine
• Cocaine-induced Panic Disorder
• Medical conditions such as pheochromocytoma
and hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease)
25. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND
RELATED DISORDERS
• Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
– Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
– Body Dysmorphic Disorder
– Hoarding Disorder
– Excoriation Disorder
– Substance/Medication Induced Obsessive-
Compulsive and Related disorders
– Trichotillomania
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND
RELATED DISORDERS
• New Disorders
– Hoarding Disorder
– Excoriation (skin picking) Disorder
– Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-
Compulsive Disorder and Related Disorder
• DSM-IV “with poor insight” specifier for OCD
refined to “good or fair insight”, “poor
insight”, or “absent insight/delusional”
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND
26. RELATED DISORDERS
• OCD has both compulsions and obsessions
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Hoarding
Disorder are characterized by cognitive
obsessive symptoms such as perceived
defects or flaws in physical appearance or the
perceived need to save possessions
• Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder are
characterized by recurrent body-focused
repetitive behaviors
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND
RELATED DISORDERS
• OCD specific content of compulsions and
obsessions vary and include themes such as
cleaning, symmetry, forbidden or taboo thoughts
(sexual and religious) and harm
• Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-
Compulsive and Related Disorders
– Cocaine
– Amphetamine
– Specifiers “with onset during intoxication”, “with onset
during withdrawal”, and “with onset after medication
use”
27. TRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERS
• Disorders in which exposure to traumatic or
stressful events is listed explicitly as a
diagnostic criterion
– REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER
– DISINHIBITED SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT DISORDER
– POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
– ACUTE STRESS DISORDER
– ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS
TRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERS
• These disorders share a close relationship with
Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and
Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders
• Psychological distress following trauma yields
a heterogeneous response (often mixed)
– In some cases the response can be understood in
an anxiety or fear-based context
– In others the clinical presentatio n is one of
anhedonia and dysporhia, externalizing anger and
aggression or dissociation
TRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERS
28. • Social neglect-inadequate caregiving- is a
diagnostic requirement of both Reactive
Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social
Engagement Disorder
– Reactive Attachment Disorder expressed as an
internalizing disorder with depressive symptoms
(inhibited, emotionally withdrawn, minimal
responsiveness to others)
– Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder expressed
as disinhibited and externalizing behaviors
(approaches and interacts with strangers, etc.)
TRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERS
• Acute Stress Disorder
– Explicit as to whether stress was…
• Experienced directly
• Witnessed in person
• Experienced indirectly
– Learning about event that happened to close friends or
family members (including threats of violence)
– Experienced repeated or extreme exposure to aversive
details of traumatic event (e.g. first responders collecting
human remains, police officers repeatedly exposed to child
abuse
– NOTE: does not apply to exposure through electronic media
unless exposure is work related
29. TRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERS
• Adjustment Disorder
– Stress response syndromes occurring after
exposure to a distressing (traumatic or
nontraumatic) event rather than a residual
category when do not meet criteria for more
discrete disorder
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
– Stressor criterion (Criterion A) more explicit with
regard to events qualifying as traumatic
– Subjective reaction (DSM-IV Criterion A2) has
been eliminated
TRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERS
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
– Three major symptom clusters in DSM-IV now
four symptom clusters
• Intrusion symptoms
– Includes dissociative reactions (flashbacks) where
30. individual feels or acts as if the traumatic event
were reoccurring
• Persistent avoidance of stimuli
– Includes avoidance of memories, thoughts, people
and places that remind the individual of the
trauma
TRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERS
– Three major symptom clusters in DSM-IV now
four symptom clusters (continued)
• Negative alterations in cognition and mood associated
with the traumatic event
– Includes inability to remember aspects of the trauma,
altered world view and anhedonia
• Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity (includes
irritable behavior or angry outbursts and reckless or
self-destructive behavior)
– Includes irritable and angry outbursts, hypervigilence and
exaggerated startle response
TRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERS
31. • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
– Separate criteria added for children under 6
years of age
– Diagnostic thresholds lowered for both children
and adolescents
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
• Dissociative Disorders include…
– Dissociative Identity Disorder
– Dissociative Amnesia
– Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
• Characterized by a disruption of an/or
discontinuity in the normal integration of
consciousness, memory, identity, emotion,
perception, body representation ,motor
control and behavior
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
• Symptoms are experienced as a) unbidden
intrusions into awareness and behavior with
losses of continuity in subjective experience
(i.e. “positive” dissociative symptoms such as
fragmentation of identity, depersonalization
and derealization) and/or b) inability to
access information or to control mental
functions that normally are readily amenable
32. to access or control (i.e. “negative”
dissociative symptoms such as amnesia)
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
• There may be embarrassment or confusion
and attempts to hide the symptoms
• Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
– DSM-IV Depersonalization Disorder
– Consistent or recurrent depersonalization
• Experiences of unreality or detachment from one’s
mind, self or body
• Accompanied by intact reality testing
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
• Dissociative Amnesia
– Inability to recall autobiographical information
– May be localized ( an event or period of time),
selective ( a specific aspect of an event) or
generalized ( identity and life history)
• Localized and selective are most common while
generalized is a rare occurrence
– May or may not involve purposeful travel or
bewildered wandering (fugue state)
33. • Fugue is rare in dissociative amnesia but common in
Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Fugue is a specifier and not a separate disgnosis as in
DEM-IV
– Most are initially unaware of their amnesia
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
• Dissociative Identity Disorder is characterized by
a) presence of two or more distinct personality
states or an experience of possession and b)
recurrent episodes of amnesia
– Fragmentation my vary by culture (possession-form
presentations)
• Persons with DID experience a)recurrent
intrusions into conscious functioning and sense
of self (voices; dissociated actions and speech;
intrusive thoughts, emotions and impulses
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
• DID experiences b) alterations of sense of self
(attitudes, preferences and feeling like one’s
body or actions are not their own c)odd changes
of perception (depersonalization or
derealization-detached from one’s body while
cutting) and d)intermittent functional
neurological symptoms (seizure like symptoms,
34. hippocampal shrinking, etc.)
– Symptoms may be observed by others or reported
by patient which is a change from DSM-IV
• 70% suicide attempt rate-many multiple
attempts
SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED
DISORDERS
• Includes the diagnoses of
– Somatic Symptom Disorder
– Illness Anxiety Disorder
– Conversion Disorder (functional neurological
symptom disorder)
– Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical
Conditions
– Factitious Disorder
• Share a common feature: the prominence of
somatic symptoms with significant distress and
impairment
SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED
DISORDERS
• Somatic Symptom Disorder emphasizes
diagnosis made on basis of positive
35. symptoms and signs (distressing somatic
symptoms plus abnormal thoughts, feelings
and behaviors)
– Distinctive characteristic is not the somatic
symptom but the way they present and interpret
them
• Replace somatoform disorders in DSM-IV
SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED
DISORDERS
• Individuals previously diagnosed with
hypochondriasis who have high health anxiety
but no somatic symptoms will receive DSM-5
Illness Anxiety Disorder
• Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical
Conditions is new and was formerly listed in
DSM-IV under “Other Conditions That May Be
the Focus of Clinical Attention”
• This and Conversion Disorder have somatic
symptoms and are more often encountered in a
medical setting
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
• A persistent disturbance of eating or eating-
related behavior that results in the altered
36. consumption or absorption of food and that
significantly impairs physical health or
psychosocial functioning
– Pica
– Rumination Disorder
– Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
– Anorexia Nervosa
– Bulimia Nervosa
– Binge-eating Disorder
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
• DSM-IV-TR chapter “Disorders Usually First
Diagnosed During Infancy, Childhood or
Adolescence” has been eliminated
• DSM-5 has Pica and Rumination Disorder
(regurgitation of food) during infancy, etc.
falling under Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake
Disorder
• Diagnoses are mutually exclusive and therefore
only one diagnosis can be assigned
– Pica can be present with any other eating disorder
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
• Obesity is not considered a mental disorder
37. in DSM-5
• PICA
– Eating nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a
period of at least one month
• RUMINATION DISORDER
– Repeated regurgitation of food which can be re-
chewed, re-swallowed or spit out for at least one
month
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
• AVOIDANT/RESTRICITVE FOOD INTAKE
DISORDER
– Eating or food disturbance such as lack of interest
in food or eating, avoidance based upon sensory
characteristics of food or concern about aversive
effects of eating
• ANOREXIA NERVOSA
– Restriction of energy intake leading to significantly
lowered body weight (defined as less than
minimally normal)
– Amenorrhea requirement is eliminated
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
38. • ANOREXIA NERVOSA Subtypes
– RESTRICTING TYPE
• No recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging.
Weight loss accomplished by dieting, fasting and
excessive exercise
– BINGE-EATING/PURGING TYPE
• Recurrent binge eating or purging
• BULIMIA NERVOSA
– Binge eating with inappropriate compensatory
measures to prevent weight gain
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
• BINGE-EATING DISORDER
– Was in Appendix B of DSM-IV
– Recurrent episodes of binge eating with loss of
control during the episode associated with…
• Rapid eating
• Eating when uncomfortably full
• Eating when not feeling hungry
• Eating alone due to embarrassment
• Feelings of disgust or depression after an episode
ELIMINATION DISORDERS
39. • No significant changes from DSM-IV
• Previously classified under disorders first
diagnosed in childhood, infancy and
adolescence
• ENURESIS
– Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes either
voluntarily or involuntarily when at least 5
• ENCOPRESIS
– Passage of feces into inappropriate places whether
involuntary or intentional when at least 4
SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS
• Sleep-Wake Disorders
– Narcolepsy
– Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
– Circadian Rhythm Sleep-wake Disorders
– Non-rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep Arousal
Disorders
– Nightmare Disorder
– Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder
– Restless Legs Syndrome
– Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep Disorder
40. SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS
• Intended to be used by general mental health
and medical clinicians
• Sleep Disorder Related to Another medical
condition and Sleep Disorder Related to
Another Mental Disorder have been removed
• Primary Insomnia has been renamed
Insomnia Disorder
• Narcolepsy is distinguished from other forms
of hypersomnolence
SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS
• Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
and Restless Legs Syndrome have been
elevated to independent disorders
• Sleep-wake complaints about the quality,
timing and amount of sleep
• Sleep-wake Disorders
– Insomnia Disorder
– Hypersomnolence Disorder
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS
• Sexual dysfunctions…
41. – Delayed Ejaculation
– Erectile Disorder
– Female Orgasmic Disorder
– Female Sexual Interest/arousal Disorder
– Genito-pelvic Pain/penetration Disorder
– Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
– Premature Ejaculation
– Substance/medication-induced Sexual
dysfunction
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS
• In DSM-5 some gender-specific sexual
dysfunctions have been added
• For females sexual desire and arousal
disorders have been combined into Female
Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
• All of the dysfunctions except
Substance/Medication-induced Sexual
Dysfunction require a minimum duration of 6
months
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS
• Genito-pelvic Pain/penetration Disorder has
been added and represents a merging of
vaginismus and dyspareunia
42. • Only two subtypes:
– Lifelong versus Acquired
– Generalized versus Situational
• Sexual dysfunctions are typically characterized
by a clinically significant disturbance in a
person’s ability to respond sexually or to
experience sexual pleasure
GENDER DYSPHORIA
• Gender Dysphoria is a new diagnostic class in
DSM-5
• Looks at “gender incongruence” as opposed to
cross-gender identification as did DSM-IV gender
identity disorder
• Gender Dysphoria has separate sets of criteria
for children, adolescents and adults
• Posttransition Specifier for those who have
undergone at least one medical procedure or
treatment to support a new gender assignment
GENDER DYSPHORIA
• There is one overarching diagnosis of Gender
Dysphoria with separate developmentally
appropriate criteria sets (child, adolescent
and adult)
43. • Refers to an individual’s affective/cognitive
discontent with the assigned gender
• Transgender refers to an individual who
transiently or persistently identify with a
gender different from their natal gender
DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL,
AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
• New chapter in DSM-5
• ADHD is frequently comorbid
• Combines disorders previously included in
DSM-IV in chapter “Disorders Usually First
Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or
Adolescence
– Oppositional Defiant Disorder(ODD)
– Conduct Disorder
– Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS
DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL,
AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
• Also combines Chapter “Impulse-control
Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified”
– Intermittent Explosive /disorder
– Pyromania
– Kleptomania
• These disorders distinguished by problems of
emotional and behavioral self-control
44. • Unique in that the problems violate the rights
of others
DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL,
AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
CD
• POORLY CONTROLLED BEHAVIORS
• VIOLATE THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS
ODD
• BEHAVIORS (DEFIANCE)
• EMOTIONS (ANGER AND IRRITATION)
IED
• POORLY CONTROLLED EMOTIONS
• DISPROPORTIONATE ANGRY OUTBURSTS
DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL,
AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
• Because of close association both ASPD and
Conduct Disorder are listed in this chapter
• Criteria for ODD now grouped into three
types
– Angry/irritable mood
– Argumentative/defiant behavior
– Vindictiveness
45. DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL,
AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
• FIRST ONSET TENDS TO BE IN CHILDHOOD OR
ADOLESCENCE
• More often diagnosed in males
• A developmental relationship between ODD
and CD
• In most cases of CD, criteria was met for ODD
• However, most children with ODD do not
develop CD
DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL,
AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
• Linked to a common externalizing spectrum
associate with the personality dimensions
labeled as
– Disinhibition
– Constraint (inversely)
• May account for comorbidity with Substance
Use Disorders and Antisocial Personality
Disorder
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
46. • Expanded to include Gambling Disorder
• Cannabis Withdrawal and Caffeine
Withdrawal are new disorders
• Caffeine Withdrawal was in DSM-IV
Appendix B “for further study”
• DSM-5 does not separate abuse and
dependence but criteria is provided for
Substance Use Disorder
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
• Recurrent substance-related legal problems
criteria deleted
• Threshold for diagnosis is set at two or more
criteria while in DSM-IV it one or more for
abuse and three or more for dependence
• Diagnosis of polysubstance dependence in DSM-
IV is eliminated
• Criteria for intoxication, withdrawal, substance-
induced disorders and unspecified substance-
related disorders
47. SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
• Early remission for a DSM-5 substance use
disorder is defined as at least 3months but
less than 12 months without meeting criteria
(except craving)
• Sustained remission is defined as over 12
months
• Additional DSM-5 specifiers include
– “In a controlled environment”
– “On maintenance therapy”
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
• “The essential feature of a substance use
disorder is a cluster of cognitive, behavioral
and physiological symptoms indicating the
individual continues using the substance
despite significant substance-related
problems.”
• The diagnosis of substance use disorder can
be applied to all 10 classes with the
exception of caffeine
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
48. DISORDERS
• 10 Classes of Substances in DSM-5
– ALCOHOL
– CAFFEINE
– CANNABIS
– HALLUCINOGENS ( includes phencyclidine)
– INHALANTS
– OPIOIDS
– SEDATIVES,HYPNOTICS OR ANXIOLYTICS
– STIMULANTS
– TOBACCO
– OTHER OR UNKNOWN
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
• “The behavioral effects of these brain changes
may be exhibited in the repeated relapses and
intense drug craving when the individuals are
exposed to drug-related stimuli. These
persistent drug effects may benefit from long-
term approaches to treatment.”
• The diagnosis is based upon a pathological
pattern of behaviors
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
49. • Pathological pattern of behaviors
– CRITERION A
• Criteria 1-4- Impaired control over substance use
– Criterion 4- Craving
• Criteria 5-7-Social impairment
• Criteria 8-9- Risky use of the substance
– Criterion 9- Failure to abstain despite the difficulties caused
by the usage
• Criteria 10-11- Pharmacological criteria
– Criterion 10- Tolerance
– Criterion 11- Withdrawal
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
• Neither tolerance nor withdrawal is
necessary to diagnose a substance-use
disorder
• Symptoms of tolerance and withdrawal from
prescribed medications taken as directed is
not substance use disorder
• Broad range of severity based upon number
of symptom criteria
50. SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
• General estimate of severity
– MILD- 2 or 3 symptoms
– MODERATE- 4 or 5 symptoms
– SEVERE- 6 or more symptoms
• Recording Procedure
– 305.70 (F15.10)- Moderate Alprazolam Use
Disorder (not sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic
disorder)
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
• EXAMPLE: OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS
–Opioid Use Disorder
–Opioid Intoxication
–Opioid Withdrawal
–Other Opioid-Induced Disorders
–Unspecified Opioid-Related Disorders
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
• Opioid Use Disorder
– Based upon the 11 criteria and specifiers
51. • 305.50 (F11.10)-MILD Opioid Use Disorder
• 304.00 (F11.20)-MODERATE Opioid Use Disorder
• 304.00 (F11.20)-SEVERE Opioid Use Disorder
• Opioid Intoxication 292.89 (F11.129)
– Based upon criteria for recent use, clinically
significant behavioral or psychological changes,
pupillary constriction and other signs of opioid
use not attributable to other medical conditions
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERS
• Opiod Withdrawal 292.0 (F11.23)
– Based upon cessation or reduction in dose or
administration of an antagonist plus three or
more of symptoms associated with opioid
withdrawal producing distress or impairment
• Other Opioid-Induced Disorders
• Opioid-induced depressive disorder (see under
Depressive Disorders)
– Unspecified Opioid-Related Disorder 292.9 (F11.99)
• Where symptoms of an Opioid-Related Disorder exist
causing significant distress but not meeting full criteria
52. NON-SUBSTANCE-RELATED
DISORDERS
• Gambling Disorder 312.31 (F63.0)
– Gambling behavior leading to significant impairment
or distress as indicated by four or more criteria
within a 12 month period
• Need to gamble with increasing amounts of money
• Restless and irritable when try to cut down or stop
• Repeated unsuccessful efforts
• Preoccupation
• Gambles when feeling distressed
• “Chases” one’s losses
• Lies
• Jeopardizes relationships
• Relies on others for money to relieve desperate financial
situations
– Not explained by manic episode
NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS
• DSM-IV diagnoses of dementia and amnesic
disorder are subsumed under the newly
named entity Major Neurocognitive Disorder
(NCD)
• DSM-5 also recognizes a less severe level of
cognitive impairment Mild NCD
53. • Unique in that the underlying pathology can
be determined
• Traumatic Brain Injury is classified here
NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS
• Primary clinical deficit is in cognitive
functioning that is acquired rather than
developmental
• Delirium is specified as due to intoxication,
withdrawal, medication induced or due to
another medical condition
– Acute versus persistent
– Hyperactive, hypoactive or mixed
NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS
• Major or Mild NCD etiological subtypes:
– Alzheimer's Disease
– Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
– Lewy Body Disease
– Vascular Disease
– Traumatic Brain Injury
– Substance/Medication Induced
– HIV Infection
– Parkinson’s Disease
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
54. • An updated version of DSM-IV
• New conceptualization is in Section III as
Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality
Disorders
• A Personality Disorder is an enduring pattern of
inner experience and behavior that deviates
markedly from the expectations of the
individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible,
has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood,
is stable over time and leads to distress or
impairment
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• Cluster A-odd or eccentric
– Paranoid Personality Disorder
– Schizoid Personality Disorder
– Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• Cluster B-dramatic, emotional and erratic
– Antisocial Personality Disorder
– Narcissistic Personality Disorder
– Histrionic Personality Disorder
– Borderline Personality Disorder
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
55. • Cluster C-anxious or fearful
– Avoidant Personality Disorder
– Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder
– Dependent Personality Disorder
PARAPHILIC DISORDERS
• Paraphilic Disorders…
– Voyeuristic Disorder (spying on others in private
activities)
– Exhibitionistic Disorder (exposing the genitals)
– Frotteuristic Disorders (touching or rubbing
against a nonconsenting individual)
– Sexual Masochism disorder (undergoing
humiliation, bondage, or suffering)
– Pedophilic Disorder (sexual focus on childrren)
PARAPHILIC DISORDERS
• Paraphilic Disorders…
– Fetishistic Disorder (using nonliving objects or
having a highly specific focus on nongenital body
parts)
– Transvestic Disorder (engaging in sexually arousing
56. cross-dressing)
• Denotes an intense and persistent sexual
interest other than sexual interest in genital
stimulation or preparatory fondling with
phenotypically normal, physically mature,
consenting human partners
PARAPHILIC DISORDERS
• Mostly unchanged since DSM-III with exception
of specifiers and distinction between
paraphilia's and Paraphilic Disorder (must also
include Criterion B which states the individual
acted on a nonconsenting person or the actions
created significant distress or impairment)
• Specifiers
– In a controlled environment
– In full remission (5 years in an uncontrolled
environment)
OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS
• Other Specified Mental Disorder Due to
Another Medical Condition
– Example- Dissociative Symptoms Secondary to
Complex Partial Seizures
• Unspecified Mental Disorder Due to Another
57. Medical Condition
– Example- Like in an emergency room where
psychiatric symptoms are observed but not
specified due to lack of information and evidence
OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS
• Other Specified Mental Disorder
– Example-Full criteria is not met for a mental
disorder and clinician chooses to communicate
the specific reason the presentation does not
meet full criteria
• Unspecified Mental Disorder
– Example-Full criteria is not met for a mental
disorder and clinician chooses not to
communicate the specific reason the
presentation does not meet full criteria
MEDICATION-INDUCED MOVEMENT
DISORDERS AND OTHER ADVERSE
EFFECTS OF MEDICATION
• Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism
• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
– Usually secondary to a dopamine antagonist
• Hyperthermia and profuse diaphoresis
• Generalized rigidity (“lead pipe”)
58. • Catatonic stupor
• Tardive Dyskinesia
– Involuntary movements generally of the tongue,
lower face and jaw and extremities
MEDICATION-INDUCED MOVEMENT
DISORDERS AND OTHER ADVERSE
EFFECTS OF MEDICATION
• Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
– Abrupt cessation of an antidepressant (Paxil and
Effexor as examples)
– Usually begin 2-4 days after discontinuation
– Somatic and sensory such as flashes of light
“electric shock sensations, hyperresponsiveness
to light and sound
– Vivid nightmares
OTHER CONDITIONS THAT MAY BE A
FOCUS OF CLINICAL ATTENTION
• V Codes (ICD-9-CM) or Z Codes (ICD-10-CM)
• RELATIONAL PROBLEMS
– Parent-Child Relational Problem
• ABUSE AND NEGLECT
59. – Child Physical Abuse
– Child Sexual Abuse
– Child Neglect
– Child Psychological Abuse
– Adult Maltreatment and Neglect Problems
OTHER CONDITIONS THAT MAY BE A
FOCUS OF CLINICAL ATTENTION
• EDUCATIONAL AND OCCUPATIONAL
PROBLEMS
• HOUSING AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
• PROBLEMS RELATED TO CRIME OR
INTERACTION WITH THE LEGAL SYSTEM
• PROBLEMS RELATED TO ACCESS TO MEDICAL
AND OTHER HEALTH CARE
– Nonadherence to Medical Treatment
DSM-5
• SECTION III EMERGING MEASURES AND
MODELS
–Assessment Measures
–Cultural Formulation
–Alternative DSM-5 Model for
Personality Disorders
60. –Conditions For Further Study
ALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL FOR
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Avoidant Personality Disorder
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Disorder
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder
ALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL FOR
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• In this model personality disorders are
characterized by impairments in personality
functioning and pathological personality traits
• In the Alternative Model for Personality
Disorders histrionic and schizoid personality
disorders are excluded
• In the Alternative Model Criterion A: Level of
Personality Functioning and Criterion B:
Pathological Personality Traits make up the
diagnostic model
61. ALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL FOR
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• Criterion A:Level of Personality Functioning
– SELF:
• Identity: Clear boundaries, stability of self-esteem
and accuracy of self-appraisal, good emotional
range
• Self-direction: Coherent and meaningful short-
term and life goals, prosocial internal standards
of behavior, ability to self-reflect
ALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL FOR
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• Criterion A:Level of Personality Functioning
– INTERPERSONAL:
• Empathy: Appreciation of others experiences and
motivations, tolerance for different perspectives,
understanding the effects of one’s behavior on
others
• Intimacy: of connection with others, desire and
capacity for closeness, mutuality of regard
62. reflected in interpersonal behavior
ALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL FOR
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• Criterion B: Pathological Personality Domains
– NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY vs. EMOTIONAL
STABILITY
– DETACHMENT vs. EXTRAVERSION
– ANTAGONISM vs. AGREEABLENESS
– DISINHIBITION vs. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
– PSYCHOTICISM vs. LUCIDITY
ALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL FOR
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• Each personality domain has numerous traits
– Example: Negative Affectivity vs. Emotional
Stability
• Emotional lability
• Anxiousness
• Separation insecurity
• Submissiveness
• Hostility
• Perseveration
63. ALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL FOR
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• This model also includes a diagnosis of
Personality Disorder-Trait Specified (PD-TS)
that can be made when a personality
disorder is considered present but the criteria
for a specific disorder are not met
CONDITIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY
• Proposed criteria sets for which future
research is encouraged
• Cannot be used as a diagnostic category
(only Section II)
– Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome
– Depressive Episodes With Short-Duration
Hypomania
– Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder
CONDITIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY
– Caffeine Use Disorder
– Internet Gaming Disorder
– Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated With
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
64. – Suicidal Behavior Disorder
– Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• American Psychiatric Association. (1952). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of
mental disorders. Washington, DC: Author.
• American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of
mental disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
• American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of
mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
• American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of
mental disorders, (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
• American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of
mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author
• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of
mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
65. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2012/12/02/final -dsm-5-
approved-by-american-
psychiatric-association/ - Final DSM-5 Approval by the
American Psychiatric Association.
Online – Accessed March 10, 2013.
• http://www.clinicalpsychiatrynews.com/news/practice-
trends/single-article/dsm-5-
expected-to-be-more-user-
friendly/c15c9ec460b6f43dbc73b7a3a776fa43.html - DSM-5
Expected to be More User Friendly. Online – Accessed March
10, 2013.
• Axelson, D. (2013). Taking Dysruptive Mood Dysregulation
Disorder Out for a Test Drive.
Psychiatry Online.
http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=1566892 -
Accessed March 13, 2013.
http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2012/12/02/final -dsm-5-
approved-by-american-psychiatric-association/�
http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2012/12/02/final -dsm-5-
approved-by-american-psychiatric-association/�
http://www.clinicalpsychiatrynews.com/news/practice-
trends/single-article/dsm-5-expected-to-be-more-user-
friendly/c15c9ec460b6f43dbc73b7a3a776fa43.h tml�
http://www.clinicalpsychiatrynews.com/news/practice-
66. trends/single-article/dsm-5-expected-to-be-more-user-
friendly/c15c9ec460b6f43dbc73b7a3a776fa43.html�
http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=1566892�
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
Fifth Edition (DSM-5)HISTORY OF THE DSMHISTORY OF
THE DSMHISTORY OF THE DSMHISTORY OF THE
DSMHISTORY OF THE DSMDSM-5DSM-5DSM-5DSM-
5DSM-5Dimensional Approach to DiagnosisDimensional
Approach to DiagnosisDSM-5DSM-5DSM-5DSM-5DSM-5DSM
VDSM VDSM VDSM VNEURODEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERSAutism Spectrum DisorderAutism Spectrum
DisorderAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderAttention
Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder�Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
Disorders��Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
Disorders��Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
Disorders��Bipolar and Related Disorders�Bipolar and
Related Disorders�Bipolar and Related Disorders��Bipolar
and Related Disorders��Bipolar and Related
Disorders�DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS DEPRESSIVE
DISORDERSDEPRESSIVE DISORDERSDEPRESSIVE
DISORDERSDEPRESSIVE DISORDERSANXIETY
DISORDERSANXIETY DISORDERSANXIETY
DISORDERSANXIETY DISORDERSANXIETY
DISORDERSOBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED
DISORDERSOBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED
DISORDERSOBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED
DISORDERSOBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED
DISORDERSTRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERSTRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERSTRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERSTRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERSTRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERSTRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERSTRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
DISORDERSTRAUMA-AND STRESSOR-RELATED
67. DISORDERSDISSOCIATIVE DISORDERSDISSOCIATIVE
DISORDERSDISSOCIATIVE DISORDERSDISSOCIATIVE
DISORDERSDISSOCIATIVE DISORDERSDISSOCIATIVE
DISORDERSSOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED
DISORDERSSOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED
DISORDERSSOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED
DISORDERSFEEDING AND EATING DISORDERSFEEDING
AND EATING DISORDERSFEEDING AND EATING
DISORDERSFEEDING AND EATING DISORDERSFEEDING
AND EATING DISORDERSFEEDING AND EATING
DISORDERSELIMINATION DISORDERSSLEEP-WAKE
DISORDERSSLEEP-WAKE DISORDERSSLEEP-WAKE
DISORDERSSEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONSSEXUAL
DYSFUNCTIONSSEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONSGENDER
DYSPHORIAGENDER DYSPHORIADISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-
CONTROL, AND CONDUCT DISORDERSDISRUPTIVE,
IMPULSE-CONTROL, AND CONDUCT
DISORDERSDISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL, AND
CONDUCT DISORDERSDISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL,
AND CONDUCT DISORDERSDISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-
CONTROL, AND CONDUCT DISORDERSDISRUPTIVE,
IMPULSE-CONTROL, AND CONDUCT
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSSUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE
DISORDERSNON-SUBSTANCE-RELATED
DISORDERSNEUROCOGNITIVE
68. DISORDERSNEUROCOGNITIVE
DISORDERSNEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERSPERSONALITY
DISORDERSPERSONALITY DISORDERSPERSONALITY
DISORDERSPARAPHILIC DISORDERSPARAPHILIC
DISORDERSPARAPHILIC DISORDERSOTHER MENTAL
DISORDERSOTHER MENTAL DISORDERSMEDICATION-
INDUCED MOVEMENT DISORDERS AND OTHER
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MEDICATIONMEDICATION-
INDUCED MOVEMENT DISORDERS AND OTHER
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MEDICATIONOTHER CONDITIONS
THAT MAY BE A FOCUS OF CLINICAL ATTENTIONOTHER
CONDITIONS THAT MAY BE A FOCUS OF CLINICAL
ATTENTIONDSM-5ALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL FOR
PERSONALITY DISORDERSALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL
FOR PERSONALITY DISORDERSALTERNATIVE DSM-5
MODEL FOR PERSONALITY DISORDERSALTERNATIVE
DSM-5 MODEL FOR PERSONALITY
DISORDERSALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL FOR
PERSONALITY DISORDERSALTERNATIVE DSM-5 MODEL
FOR PERSONALITY DISORDERSALTERNATIVE DSM-5
MODEL FOR PERSONALITY DISORDERSCONDITIONS FOR
FURTHER STUDYCONDITIONS FOR FURTHER
STUDYBIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY
Assignment 3: Course Project Task I
Research Question and Hypothesis
After reading the feedback on your proposed quantitative
research question in M1 Assignment 2, provide your revised
quantitative research question. Next, develop a hypothesis for
the research question (Include a null and an alternative
hypothesis for your question.).
Keep in mind that a hypothesis is a specific statement of
prediction. A hypothesis describes in concrete (rather than
theoretical) terms what you expect will happen in your study. It
should be testable and often mirrors the research question in the
way that it is written.
69. For example, there is a positive correlation between having an
alcoholic parent and alcoholism in adulthood.
Once you have clearly stated your research question and
hypothesis, discuss the following (in 1–2 pages):
· Why is a null hypothesis required in research? How is the null
hypothesis used when drawing conclusions from the collected
data?
· What is the relationship of your hypothesis to the identified
problem?
· How is your hypothesis feasible?
· How is your hypothesis measurable and testable?
Submission Details:
· By the due date assigned, save your hypothesis and supporting
discussion as M1_A3_Lastname_Firstname.doc and submit it to
the Submissions Area.
Assignment 3 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Clearly stated the quantitative research question and the
hypothesis (both alternative and null).
20
Explained the need for the null hypothesis in research as well as
its role in drawing conclusions from the collected data.
12
Identified and described the relationship of the hypothesis to
the identified problem.
16
Explained the feasibility of the hypothesis.
16
Identified how your hypothesis is measurable and testable.
12
Used scientific terminology in writing the hypothesis.
8
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated
ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of
sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
16