Nepal; Eco Home For Sustainable Water Management: A Case Study In KathmanduV9X
The document describes a case study of a house in Kathmandu, Nepal called the Eco Home that has implemented various techniques for sustainable water management. These techniques include rainwater harvesting to collect over 180m3 of rainwater annually, a urine diversion dry toilet that separates human waste, and a greywater treatment system using a constructed wetland to recycle over 50% of the household water for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and gardening. The Eco Home aims to be self-sufficient in its water needs and reduce pollution by treating and reusing water on site rather than relying on municipal supplies or discharging waste.
[Metropolia Student Project Seminar 24.5.] Water and Wastewater TreatmentGBC Finland
The document is an environmental assessment report presented by four students to the Finnish Green Building Council on water and wastewater treatment technologies. It summarizes novel approaches to minimize wastewater production through water reuse systems, low-flow fixtures, and metering. It also describes energy and nutrient recovery from wastewater using technologies like algae biomass harvesting. The report concludes that on-site wastewater treatment and rainwater harvesting can save potable water, while drain water heat recovery can reduce energy use for water heating.
This document summarizes water use and conservation potential in the institutional and commercial (ICI) sector in Texas. It finds that the ICI sector accounts for 30% of municipal water use and could reduce usage by 30% through technologies like high-efficiency fixtures, smart irrigation, and rainwater harvesting. This would save an estimated 167 billion gallons annually, equivalent to 35% of storage in the Highland Lakes. The energy savings from reduced water usage would be enough to power over 3 universities. However, barriers like varying performance data and a lack of state guidance limit greater ICI conservation. Solutions proposed include developing best practice guidelines, mandatory restrictions, more education, and revised water rates.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF SOLAR WATER FILTERAnmol Mangat
B.tech final year project on designing solar still solar water still to filter out water by distillation and further adding minerals to make the water drinkable.
This document provides details of a project report on a pedal and solar operated water purifier developed by a group of students. It includes an introduction outlining the need for the project, literature review on previous related works, and description of the methodology and components used to fabricate the water purification system. The system is designed to operate without electricity by utilizing human power from pedaling to run the purification process through a dynamo, battery, and filter unit. The goal is to develop a low-cost portable water purification solution for use in remote areas.
In rural Uganda, engineers from SAME Kaiserslautern and Boston Posts visited eight remote villages to test water treatment solutions. They tested a salt chlorination system and ultrafiltration membranes. The salt chlorination used a solar-powered system to generate chlorine from salt overnight, then villagers added chlorine to their water in the morning. This reduced bacteria counts substantially. Ultrafiltration membranes also significantly reduced bacteria counts. However, high turbidity water limited the effectiveness of chlorination. Additional filtration may be needed. Both solutions showed potential if integrated into local practices and made affordable.
[Challenge:Future] Fresh water going down the drainChallenge:Future
The document discusses the growing threat of a global fresh water shortage. It proposes solutions to reduce fresh water usage such as dual water supply systems, storm water filtration, drip irrigation in agriculture, and dual-flush toilets. The goals are to significantly decrease the percentage of total accessible fresh water used by humanity and prevent worsening water scarcity. Regions already experiencing shortages could receive more water. The solutions aim to make cities more self-sustainable and conserve fresh water for future generations.
This document summarizes research on using ultraviolet (UV) light to inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in water. The research tested water samples from three locations in Ambazari Lake in India over different seasons. Testing measured physio-chemical parameters like turbidity, pH, and hardness, as well as E. coli levels before and after UV treatment. Results found physio-chemical parameters within standards, and over 99.999% reduction in E. coli after UV exposure times from 0.5 to 8 hours depending on initial bacterial levels and water quality. The research concluded UV light is an effective alternative to chlorine for water disinfection, avoiding harmful chlorination byproducts, though pre-
Nepal; Eco Home For Sustainable Water Management: A Case Study In KathmanduV9X
The document describes a case study of a house in Kathmandu, Nepal called the Eco Home that has implemented various techniques for sustainable water management. These techniques include rainwater harvesting to collect over 180m3 of rainwater annually, a urine diversion dry toilet that separates human waste, and a greywater treatment system using a constructed wetland to recycle over 50% of the household water for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and gardening. The Eco Home aims to be self-sufficient in its water needs and reduce pollution by treating and reusing water on site rather than relying on municipal supplies or discharging waste.
[Metropolia Student Project Seminar 24.5.] Water and Wastewater TreatmentGBC Finland
The document is an environmental assessment report presented by four students to the Finnish Green Building Council on water and wastewater treatment technologies. It summarizes novel approaches to minimize wastewater production through water reuse systems, low-flow fixtures, and metering. It also describes energy and nutrient recovery from wastewater using technologies like algae biomass harvesting. The report concludes that on-site wastewater treatment and rainwater harvesting can save potable water, while drain water heat recovery can reduce energy use for water heating.
This document summarizes water use and conservation potential in the institutional and commercial (ICI) sector in Texas. It finds that the ICI sector accounts for 30% of municipal water use and could reduce usage by 30% through technologies like high-efficiency fixtures, smart irrigation, and rainwater harvesting. This would save an estimated 167 billion gallons annually, equivalent to 35% of storage in the Highland Lakes. The energy savings from reduced water usage would be enough to power over 3 universities. However, barriers like varying performance data and a lack of state guidance limit greater ICI conservation. Solutions proposed include developing best practice guidelines, mandatory restrictions, more education, and revised water rates.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF SOLAR WATER FILTERAnmol Mangat
B.tech final year project on designing solar still solar water still to filter out water by distillation and further adding minerals to make the water drinkable.
This document provides details of a project report on a pedal and solar operated water purifier developed by a group of students. It includes an introduction outlining the need for the project, literature review on previous related works, and description of the methodology and components used to fabricate the water purification system. The system is designed to operate without electricity by utilizing human power from pedaling to run the purification process through a dynamo, battery, and filter unit. The goal is to develop a low-cost portable water purification solution for use in remote areas.
In rural Uganda, engineers from SAME Kaiserslautern and Boston Posts visited eight remote villages to test water treatment solutions. They tested a salt chlorination system and ultrafiltration membranes. The salt chlorination used a solar-powered system to generate chlorine from salt overnight, then villagers added chlorine to their water in the morning. This reduced bacteria counts substantially. Ultrafiltration membranes also significantly reduced bacteria counts. However, high turbidity water limited the effectiveness of chlorination. Additional filtration may be needed. Both solutions showed potential if integrated into local practices and made affordable.
[Challenge:Future] Fresh water going down the drainChallenge:Future
The document discusses the growing threat of a global fresh water shortage. It proposes solutions to reduce fresh water usage such as dual water supply systems, storm water filtration, drip irrigation in agriculture, and dual-flush toilets. The goals are to significantly decrease the percentage of total accessible fresh water used by humanity and prevent worsening water scarcity. Regions already experiencing shortages could receive more water. The solutions aim to make cities more self-sustainable and conserve fresh water for future generations.
This document summarizes research on using ultraviolet (UV) light to inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in water. The research tested water samples from three locations in Ambazari Lake in India over different seasons. Testing measured physio-chemical parameters like turbidity, pH, and hardness, as well as E. coli levels before and after UV treatment. Results found physio-chemical parameters within standards, and over 99.999% reduction in E. coli after UV exposure times from 0.5 to 8 hours depending on initial bacterial levels and water quality. The research concluded UV light is an effective alternative to chlorine for water disinfection, avoiding harmful chlorination byproducts, though pre-
Thomas Jefferson believed that each generation should not contract debts greater than what can be paid off during its lifetime. Green buildings on average use 30-50% less energy, produce 35% less carbon emissions, and use 30% less water compared to conventional buildings. A typical family uses nearly a third of its household water outdoors, with more than half evaporating or running off due to overwatering while drip irrigation uses 20-50% less water than conventional sprinklers.
Pollotion is a risk that has, unfortunately, become an issue in most parts of the world; especially the developing world. The slides presented here are the summary of a study carried out to determine the effect of the use of Water hyacinth as Alternative and cheap treatment option for domestic sewage.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting policies and regulations. It begins by outlining the benefits of rainwater harvesting, which include providing an inexpensive water supply, augmenting drinking water supplies, reducing stormwater runoff and pollution, and reducing peak summer water demands. However, rainwater harvesting is not widely addressed by regulations and codes. The document then examines typical domestic and commercial water usage and how rainwater could be used more appropriately for non-potable uses like irrigation and toilet flushing. Key considerations for developing rainwater harvesting policies and regulations include appropriate water quality standards and treatment requirements to prevent cross-contamination based on end uses. Jurisdictions vary in their rules, with some allowing potable reuse and others limiting reuse to
Waterfall, patricia h. (universidad de arizona) harvesting rainwaterPlan Huerta
This document provides guidance on harvesting rainwater for landscape use. It discusses the components of a rainwater harvesting system, including the water supply (rainfall), plant water demands, and the system to move water. Simple systems can direct roof runoff to landscaped areas using gutters, downspouts and berms. Proper plant selection and constructing basins and swales can maximize water storage and direct runoff. Regular maintenance is needed to keep the system functioning well.
This document discusses ecosystem services in the Senqu River in South Africa. It provides baseline data on hydrology, water quality, geomorphology, riparian vegetation and socioeconomic factors in local communities. It then uses a probabilistic model called PROBFLO to assess how different development scenarios may impact ecosystem services. Scenario 1 models a no development reference state, while Scenario 2 models post-development with implementation of environmental flows to maintain ecosystem functions. The model indicates some services like fish and water availability may decline under development without mitigation, while others like riparian habitat may be maintained with environmental flows.
Introduction to water supply engg. by Prof. D S.Shahdhavalsshah
Introduction to water supply Engineering. Basic definitions in water supply engineering. Importance of water supply engineering.
Financing of water supply schemes. Flow diagram of water supply scheme, layouts of water supply schemes, etc.
This study examined the effects of incorporating biochar made at different temperatures into denitrifying bioreactors used to treat agricultural runoff. Five bioreactor configurations were tested: woodchips only, woodchips with separated low-temperature biochar, woodchips with combined low-temperature biochar, woodchips with separated high-temperature biochar, and woodchips with combined high-temperature biochar. Results showed that the bioreactors with biochar thoroughly incorporated into the woodchips had the highest nitrogen reduction. Additionally, the high-temperature biochar gained nitrogen during the experiment while the low-temperature biochar lost nitrogen. The study provides insights into optimizing biochar properties and reactor design to maximize nutrient removal from agricultural run
This document provides instructions and procedures for conducting the "Water: No Dirt, No Germs" activity as part of the Global Experiment for the International Year of Chemistry. Students will clarify and disinfect local natural water sources in small groups. The clarification process involves aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration to remove solid particles. Disinfection uses bleach to destroy germs, with students measuring the number of drops needed to achieve a chlorine residual. Results including water descriptions, photos, and average bleach drops will be submitted to the global database. The activity aims to raise awareness of chemistry's role in providing clean drinking water.
This document provides an overview of a lesson about water and water conservation. The lesson covers where water comes from, how it is treated and distributed to homes through water utilities, and ways for people to save water. It includes information on how much water the average person uses each day, the costs of tap water versus bottled water, and how individuals can be better stewards of water resources.
Preliminary study on potable water solutions for the rural poorAbhishek Aggarwal
This study considers the drinking water problems that are common in the hilly regions in north Thane district (now Palghar), and explores possible treatment methods and existing enterprise solutions that may be applied there.
It also provides a picture of the conditions/way of living of the rural villagers in Mumbai, India - Health, Education, Water, Connectivity, Awareness, Sanitation conditions. Also, the participation of the NGOs.
Safe drinking water is a basic human necessity. Poor rural communities across the world struggle to meet this basic requirement either due to a lack of access to water or due to poor water quality of existing water sources. This study is a preliminary study which focuses on the latter problem - the challenges surrounding water quality. Drinking water quality is an immensely vast field, and challenges vary greatly by geography and local conditions. This study considers the drinking water problems that are common in the hilly regions in north Thane district (now Palghar), and explores possible treatment methods and existing enterprise solutions that may be applied there.
Drinking water quality is an immensely vast field, and challenges vary greatly by geography and local conditions. This is a preliminary study which focuses on the poor Drinking water quality of existing water sources - the challenges faced by the poor rural communities.
The document discusses the negative impacts of bottled water on the environment, health, and finances. It notes that bottled water production uses vast amounts of plastic and fossil fuels, contributing to pollution and climate change. Studies have also found associations between BPA in bottled water and increased risks of heart disease and diabetes. Canadians spend over $15 billion annually on bottled water that is often no safer than tap water. The document recommends using water filtration systems instead of bottled water to avoid these issues and protect the environment and personal health.
This document provides a summary of a project report on water testing and distribution for a civil engineering diploma. It discusses various aspects of the project including water sources, treatment processes, and distribution systems. Specifically, it examines intake wells and surface water sources, the treatment plant and processes for filtration, and the use of gravity-fed distribution to supply consumers. Water quality tests covered include pH, turbidity, hardness, chlorine residual, chlorides, and sulfates. The report also discusses infiltration works, groundwater sources, and pump houses and treatment works.
This document discusses water scarcity and ways to save water. It notes that only 0.007% of earth's water is readily accessible for drinking, yet the average American uses over 500 liters per day. Simple steps people can take to conserve water include shortening shower times, turning off faucets tightly, fixing leaks immediately, and using low-flow fixtures and water-efficient appliances. Adopting these small changes can help address the growing global water crisis.
PM SHREE SCHOOL chemistry investigatory project.pptxsanrockybhai569
This document describes a student's chemistry investigatory project on sterilizing water using bleaching powder. The project involved determining the dosage of bleaching powder needed to disinfect different water samples. Through experiments, the student found that adding a few drops of bleaching powder per quantity of water and allowing it to sit for 30 minutes was effective at killing bacteria in the water, making it safe for drinking. The project was completed under the guidance of the student's chemistry teacher and aimed to establish a stable water purification technique.
Final Project Report - The Evaluation and Expansion of the Solar Disinfection...Kristine Lilly
The document summarizes Phase I of a research project evaluating the use of solar disinfection (SODIS) to treat residential greywater in the United States. In Phase I, students standardized a laboratory greywater solution and cultured a chemically resistant strain of E. coli to test SODIS prototype vessels. Testing of prototypes like glass and acrylic tubes demonstrated at least a 4-log (99.99%) reduction in E. coli viability, showing the potential for SODIS to safely treat greywater for reuse. Phase II of the project is proposed to further optimize vessel designs and expand testing of the SODIS method for residential greywater treatment and recycling.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting policies and regulations. It begins by outlining the benefits of rainwater harvesting, which include providing an inexpensive water supply, augmenting drinking water supplies, reducing stormwater runoff and pollution, and reducing peak summer water demands. However, rainwater harvesting is not widely addressed by regulations and codes. The document then examines typical domestic and commercial water usage and how rainwater could be used more appropriately for non-potable uses like irrigation and toilet flushing. Key considerations for developing rainwater harvesting policies and regulations include appropriate water quality standards and treatment requirements to prevent cross-contamination based on end uses. Jurisdictions vary in their rules, with some allowing potable reuse and others limiting reuse to
Big Valley Rancheria - Adoption of Demand Side Management for Water Conservat...JOHN W. GICHUKI (PhD)
This document discusses Big Valley Rancheria's adoption of demand side management strategies for water conservation. It outlines the Rancheria's implementation of an increasing block rate structure to encourage conservation and retrofitting of homes with ultra high efficiency toilets. Through these efforts, the Rancheria reported over 500,000 gallons of water conserved and nearly $24,000 in operating cost savings in one year. The document provides details on the tribe's water system and partnerships that supported their water efficiency programs.
The document discusses water conservation and efficient fixtures. It provides statistics on water usage in the United States from various fixtures like toilets, faucets, and showerheads. Replacing older, inefficient fixtures with WaterSense labeled products can save significant amounts of water and money both for individual homes and on a national scale. For example, replacing all old toilets could save over 500 billion gallons per year in the US. The document also discusses green building certification programs like WaterSense and LEED that promote water efficient technologies and reviews the relatively low market penetration of WaterSense products to date.
Thomas Jefferson believed that each generation should not contract debts greater than what can be paid off during its lifetime. Green buildings on average use 30-50% less energy, produce 35% less carbon emissions, and use 30% less water compared to conventional buildings. A typical family uses nearly a third of its household water outdoors, with more than half evaporating or running off due to overwatering while drip irrigation uses 20-50% less water than conventional sprinklers.
Pollotion is a risk that has, unfortunately, become an issue in most parts of the world; especially the developing world. The slides presented here are the summary of a study carried out to determine the effect of the use of Water hyacinth as Alternative and cheap treatment option for domestic sewage.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting policies and regulations. It begins by outlining the benefits of rainwater harvesting, which include providing an inexpensive water supply, augmenting drinking water supplies, reducing stormwater runoff and pollution, and reducing peak summer water demands. However, rainwater harvesting is not widely addressed by regulations and codes. The document then examines typical domestic and commercial water usage and how rainwater could be used more appropriately for non-potable uses like irrigation and toilet flushing. Key considerations for developing rainwater harvesting policies and regulations include appropriate water quality standards and treatment requirements to prevent cross-contamination based on end uses. Jurisdictions vary in their rules, with some allowing potable reuse and others limiting reuse to
Waterfall, patricia h. (universidad de arizona) harvesting rainwaterPlan Huerta
This document provides guidance on harvesting rainwater for landscape use. It discusses the components of a rainwater harvesting system, including the water supply (rainfall), plant water demands, and the system to move water. Simple systems can direct roof runoff to landscaped areas using gutters, downspouts and berms. Proper plant selection and constructing basins and swales can maximize water storage and direct runoff. Regular maintenance is needed to keep the system functioning well.
This document discusses ecosystem services in the Senqu River in South Africa. It provides baseline data on hydrology, water quality, geomorphology, riparian vegetation and socioeconomic factors in local communities. It then uses a probabilistic model called PROBFLO to assess how different development scenarios may impact ecosystem services. Scenario 1 models a no development reference state, while Scenario 2 models post-development with implementation of environmental flows to maintain ecosystem functions. The model indicates some services like fish and water availability may decline under development without mitigation, while others like riparian habitat may be maintained with environmental flows.
Introduction to water supply engg. by Prof. D S.Shahdhavalsshah
Introduction to water supply Engineering. Basic definitions in water supply engineering. Importance of water supply engineering.
Financing of water supply schemes. Flow diagram of water supply scheme, layouts of water supply schemes, etc.
This study examined the effects of incorporating biochar made at different temperatures into denitrifying bioreactors used to treat agricultural runoff. Five bioreactor configurations were tested: woodchips only, woodchips with separated low-temperature biochar, woodchips with combined low-temperature biochar, woodchips with separated high-temperature biochar, and woodchips with combined high-temperature biochar. Results showed that the bioreactors with biochar thoroughly incorporated into the woodchips had the highest nitrogen reduction. Additionally, the high-temperature biochar gained nitrogen during the experiment while the low-temperature biochar lost nitrogen. The study provides insights into optimizing biochar properties and reactor design to maximize nutrient removal from agricultural run
This document provides instructions and procedures for conducting the "Water: No Dirt, No Germs" activity as part of the Global Experiment for the International Year of Chemistry. Students will clarify and disinfect local natural water sources in small groups. The clarification process involves aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration to remove solid particles. Disinfection uses bleach to destroy germs, with students measuring the number of drops needed to achieve a chlorine residual. Results including water descriptions, photos, and average bleach drops will be submitted to the global database. The activity aims to raise awareness of chemistry's role in providing clean drinking water.
This document provides an overview of a lesson about water and water conservation. The lesson covers where water comes from, how it is treated and distributed to homes through water utilities, and ways for people to save water. It includes information on how much water the average person uses each day, the costs of tap water versus bottled water, and how individuals can be better stewards of water resources.
Preliminary study on potable water solutions for the rural poorAbhishek Aggarwal
This study considers the drinking water problems that are common in the hilly regions in north Thane district (now Palghar), and explores possible treatment methods and existing enterprise solutions that may be applied there.
It also provides a picture of the conditions/way of living of the rural villagers in Mumbai, India - Health, Education, Water, Connectivity, Awareness, Sanitation conditions. Also, the participation of the NGOs.
Safe drinking water is a basic human necessity. Poor rural communities across the world struggle to meet this basic requirement either due to a lack of access to water or due to poor water quality of existing water sources. This study is a preliminary study which focuses on the latter problem - the challenges surrounding water quality. Drinking water quality is an immensely vast field, and challenges vary greatly by geography and local conditions. This study considers the drinking water problems that are common in the hilly regions in north Thane district (now Palghar), and explores possible treatment methods and existing enterprise solutions that may be applied there.
Drinking water quality is an immensely vast field, and challenges vary greatly by geography and local conditions. This is a preliminary study which focuses on the poor Drinking water quality of existing water sources - the challenges faced by the poor rural communities.
The document discusses the negative impacts of bottled water on the environment, health, and finances. It notes that bottled water production uses vast amounts of plastic and fossil fuels, contributing to pollution and climate change. Studies have also found associations between BPA in bottled water and increased risks of heart disease and diabetes. Canadians spend over $15 billion annually on bottled water that is often no safer than tap water. The document recommends using water filtration systems instead of bottled water to avoid these issues and protect the environment and personal health.
This document provides a summary of a project report on water testing and distribution for a civil engineering diploma. It discusses various aspects of the project including water sources, treatment processes, and distribution systems. Specifically, it examines intake wells and surface water sources, the treatment plant and processes for filtration, and the use of gravity-fed distribution to supply consumers. Water quality tests covered include pH, turbidity, hardness, chlorine residual, chlorides, and sulfates. The report also discusses infiltration works, groundwater sources, and pump houses and treatment works.
This document discusses water scarcity and ways to save water. It notes that only 0.007% of earth's water is readily accessible for drinking, yet the average American uses over 500 liters per day. Simple steps people can take to conserve water include shortening shower times, turning off faucets tightly, fixing leaks immediately, and using low-flow fixtures and water-efficient appliances. Adopting these small changes can help address the growing global water crisis.
PM SHREE SCHOOL chemistry investigatory project.pptxsanrockybhai569
This document describes a student's chemistry investigatory project on sterilizing water using bleaching powder. The project involved determining the dosage of bleaching powder needed to disinfect different water samples. Through experiments, the student found that adding a few drops of bleaching powder per quantity of water and allowing it to sit for 30 minutes was effective at killing bacteria in the water, making it safe for drinking. The project was completed under the guidance of the student's chemistry teacher and aimed to establish a stable water purification technique.
Final Project Report - The Evaluation and Expansion of the Solar Disinfection...Kristine Lilly
The document summarizes Phase I of a research project evaluating the use of solar disinfection (SODIS) to treat residential greywater in the United States. In Phase I, students standardized a laboratory greywater solution and cultured a chemically resistant strain of E. coli to test SODIS prototype vessels. Testing of prototypes like glass and acrylic tubes demonstrated at least a 4-log (99.99%) reduction in E. coli viability, showing the potential for SODIS to safely treat greywater for reuse. Phase II of the project is proposed to further optimize vessel designs and expand testing of the SODIS method for residential greywater treatment and recycling.
This document discusses rainwater harvesting policies and regulations. It begins by outlining the benefits of rainwater harvesting, which include providing an inexpensive water supply, augmenting drinking water supplies, reducing stormwater runoff and pollution, and reducing peak summer water demands. However, rainwater harvesting is not widely addressed by regulations and codes. The document then examines typical domestic and commercial water usage and how rainwater could be used more appropriately for non-potable uses like irrigation and toilet flushing. Key considerations for developing rainwater harvesting policies and regulations include appropriate water quality standards and treatment requirements to prevent cross-contamination based on end uses. Jurisdictions vary in their rules, with some allowing potable reuse and others limiting reuse to
Big Valley Rancheria - Adoption of Demand Side Management for Water Conservat...JOHN W. GICHUKI (PhD)
This document discusses Big Valley Rancheria's adoption of demand side management strategies for water conservation. It outlines the Rancheria's implementation of an increasing block rate structure to encourage conservation and retrofitting of homes with ultra high efficiency toilets. Through these efforts, the Rancheria reported over 500,000 gallons of water conserved and nearly $24,000 in operating cost savings in one year. The document provides details on the tribe's water system and partnerships that supported their water efficiency programs.
The document discusses water conservation and efficient fixtures. It provides statistics on water usage in the United States from various fixtures like toilets, faucets, and showerheads. Replacing older, inefficient fixtures with WaterSense labeled products can save significant amounts of water and money both for individual homes and on a national scale. For example, replacing all old toilets could save over 500 billion gallons per year in the US. The document also discusses green building certification programs like WaterSense and LEED that promote water efficient technologies and reviews the relatively low market penetration of WaterSense products to date.
This document summarizes the results of a study analyzing the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of sachet water samples from four depots in Kano, Nigeria. The samples were tested for pH, turbidity, conductivity, total solids, alkalinity, hardness, bacteria, heavy metals, and anions. Most parameters were within WHO guidelines, indicating the water was generally safe for consumption. While some samples contained low levels of metals like copper, zinc, and iron, concentrations did not exceed permitted limits. No bacteria or E. coli were detected, showing an absence of fecal contamination. In conclusion, the sachet water quality was found to meet recommended standards for potable water.
Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analyses of Sachets Water Samples in Kano...IOSR Journals
Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of sachets water samples in Kano metropolis were
carried out using standard procedures to assess the quality of such water consumed in the area. Samples were
collected from four different water depots in different parts of Kano metropolis. The results showed variations in
the concentrations of the analyzed parameters in the water samples. The pH values ranged from 6.97±0.20 to
7.25±0.33; Electrical Conductivity ranged from 176 ±0.02 to 282±0.25μS/cm; Alkalinity ranged from 0.17±0.02
to 0.69±0.28 mg/l; Total solids were in the range of 100.30±0.25 to 157.34±0.30mg/l. Total Dissolved Solids
ranged from 67.80±0.30 to 84.70±0.23mg/l; Total Suspended Solids ranged from 15.60±0.36 to75.84±0.02mg/;
Total Hardness ranged from 85.00±0.03 to 103.00±0.20 mg/ and turbidity ranged from 0.60±0.21 to 2.23±0.32
NTU. Escherichia coli (E.coli) were not detected in all the samples. The levels of some of the anions analyzed
ranged from 0.03±0.00 mg/l NO2
- to 7.06 ±0.02 mg/l SO4
2-. Similarly, the levels of some of the heavy metals
analyzed ranged from 0.12±0.02mg/l Cu to 0.71±0.01mg/l Fe. Accordingly, the water samples were colourless
and odourless. In general, the concentrations of all the parameters analyzed in the samples were below or
within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, indicating that the sachets water were safe for
human consumption.
This document discusses the technique of using bleaching powder to sterilize water and purify it for drinking. It provides background on the need for water purification, the history of water purification techniques including the discovery of using chlorine and bleaching powder, and how bleaching powder works as a disinfectant by killing pathogens. The document also discusses some of the benefits and drawbacks of using bleaching powder to purify water on a large scale.
Water is a transparent liquid made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. It is essential for life and has many uses like agriculture, industry, daily activities and drinking. The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water above and below the Earth's surface through evaporation, condensation and precipitation. A water footprint measures water use and pollution by calculating the volume of freshwater used and contaminated to produce goods and services. Common products like a cup of tea, glass of milk or kilogram of beef require significant amounts of water. The water footprint concept was invented in 2002 as a way to measure direct and indirect water use. People can reduce their water footprint through practices like installing water efficient appliances and limiting water pollution.
The study compared water quality parameters of greywater samples collected before and after treatment from four systems in Monteverde, Costa Rica. While water quality did not significantly differ before and after treatment within systems, some parameters differed between systems after treatment. Specifically, samples from the Monteverde Institute system had significantly higher conductivity, total dissolved solids, and salinity than other systems, possibly due to sediment and stagnant water. Samples from the Monteverde Country Lodge system had significantly higher nitrate nitrogen, likely due to its treatment of both greywater and blackwater. The study found treatment systems can improve some greywater quality aspects but their effectiveness depends on system design and water sources.
This document outlines a project to design a water treatment system for agricultural irrigation from a reservoir. The system will filter algae and disinfect water from Lake Issaqueena to meet standards for E. coli and suspended solids. Literature reviews water quality standards, initial reservoir conditions, common algal species present, chlorine disinfection methods, and kinetics of disinfectant decay and E. coli inactivation. The project will design multi-stage filtration and disinfection housed at a facility, and maintain the system to provide a reliable water source for local agriculture.
Similar to The Design and Evaluation of Prototype Eco-Feedback Displays for Fixture-Level Water Usage Data (20)
Characterizing Physical World Accessibility at Scale Using Crowdsourcing, Co...Jon Froehlich
This talk was given as part of the Human-Computer Interaction Institute seminar series at Carnegie Mellon University. My host was Professor Jeffrey Bigham. More info here: https://www.hcii.cmu.edu/news/seminar/event/2014/10/characterizing-physical-world-accessibility-scale-using-crowdsourcing-computer-vision-machine-learning
You can download the original PowerPoint deck with videos here:
http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/talks.html
Abstract: Roughly 30.6 million individuals in the US have physical disabilities that affect their ambulatory activities; nearly half of those individuals report using an assistive aid such as a wheelchair, cane, crutches, or walker. Despite comprehensive civil rights legislation, many city streets, sidewalks, and businesses remain inaccessible. The problem is not just that street-level accessibility affects where and how people travel in cities but also that there are few, if any, mechanisms to determine accessible areas of a city a priori.
In this talk, I will describe our research developing novel, scalable data-collection methods for acquiring accessibility information about the built environment using a combination of crowdsourcing, computer vision, and online map imagery (e.g., Google Street View). Our overarching goal is to transform the ways in which accessibility information is collected and visualized for every sidewalk, street, and building façade in the world. This work is in collaboration with University of Maryland Professor David Jacobs and graduate students Kotaro Hara and Jin Sun along with a number of undergraduate students and high school interns.
Social Fabrics: Designing Wearable E-Textiles for Interaction, Introspection,...Jon Froehlich
You can see a video recording of this talk online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwnZmJUybY4.
You can download the original PowerPoint slide deck with videos here: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/talks.html
Talk Abstract: Advances in electronic textiles (e-textiles), embedded computing, and biometric sensing enable new types of wearable interactive experiences. In this talk, I will introduce three e-textile projects from my research group: BodyVis, Social Fabric Fitness, and ILikeThisShirt.com which explore and push on how computational clothing can be used to facilitate group interaction, provoke self-inquiry, and stimulate introspection.
Background: I gave this talk at the National Academy of Science's "DC Art Science Evening Rendezvous" (DASER) at the Keck Center. The evening's theme was "technology and creativity" highlighted by the opening of University of Maryland Computer Science Professor Ben Shneiderman's “Every AlgoRiThm has ART in it: Treemap Art Project.” In addition to Shneiderman and myself, the other speakers included Manuel Lima, a designer, author, researcher, and lecturer, and Jonah Brucker-Cohen, an assistant professor of digital media and networked culture, Lehman
College, City University of New York.
For more information, see:
* http://www.cpnas.org/press/announcements/treemapfinalrelease.pdf
* https://www.eventbrite.com/e/dc-art-science-evening-rendezvous-daser-tickets-11950067975
* http://www.cpnas.org/events/experience-future-events-daser.html
Making in the Human-Computer Interaction Lab (HCIL)Jon Froehlich
You can download the PowerPoint file with embedded movies here: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/talks.html
----------------
In the HCIL's Makeability Lab at the University of Maryland, we design interactive experiences that cross between bits and atoms—the virtual and the physical—and back again to confront some of the world's greatest challenges: environmental sustainability, health and wellness, and universal accessibility.
In my talk, I’ll begin with an overview of the “Maker ethos” and the rise of Maker/DIY culture. I’ll then discuss how "Making" at the University of Maryland before shifting to how the HCIL (Human-Computer Interaction Lab) has begun introducing Maker tools and projects in research (e.g., [1–4]) and in the classroom including an introduction to our new(ish) HCIL Hackerspace. The talk closes with an overview of my Tangible Interactive Computing classes and how I've attempted to imbue it with a "Maker" and design studio spirit. At end, I hope to prompt discussion about the future of physical computing and making and where university education fits in.
REFERENCES
[1] Hara, K., Le, V. and Froehlich, J. 2013. Combining Crowdsourcing and Google Street View to Identify Street-level Accessibility Problems. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’13) (New York, NY, USA, May 2013).
[2] Hara, K., Shiri, A., Campbell, M., Cynthia, B., Le, V., Pannella, S., Moore, R., Minckler, K., Ng, R. and Froehlich, J. 2013. Improving Public Transit Accessibility for Blind Riders by Crowdsourcing Bus Stop Landmark Locations with Google Street View. Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility Technology (2013), 16:1–16:8.
[3] Mauriello, M., Gubbels, M. and Froehlich, J. 2014. Social Fabric Fitness: The Design and Evaluation of Wearable E-Textile Displays to Support Group Running. SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’14) (2014).
[4] Norooz, L. and Froehlich, J. 2013. Exploring early designs for teaching anatomy and physiology to children using wearable e-textiles. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children - IDC ’13 (New York, New York, USA, Jun. 2013), 577–580.
A Brief Overview of the HCIL Hackerspace at UMDJon Froehlich
A brief overview of the HCIL Hackerspace at the University of Maryland started by Computer Science Assistant Professor Jon Froehlich in 2012. The Hackerspace is within the Human-Computer Interaction Lab (HCIL), which is one of the oldest HCI research labs in the world having been founded by Professor Shneiderman in 1983. This slide deck also includes a few pictures of other HCIL spaces including the main lab, hallways, office space, and the usability lab. The design of the main lab and hallway space (e.g., tangible timeline on wall) was led by Professor Allison Druin.
As usual, I suggest you download the full PowerPoint (PPTX) version of this talk to view the embedded animations and videos (which should enhance understandability). http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/talks.html
---
In their State of Green Business report, the GreenBiz Group listed gamification as one of the top sustainable business trends of 2012, noting that game mechanics are increasingly used by companies to provide “rewards for making good, green choices” (Makower, 2012). In the last few years, we have seen a surge of interest in green gamification, which is beginning to touch upon nearly all aspects of our everyday life from cars that rank and reward fuel-efficient driving performance (e.g., the Nissan Leaf) to sanitation services that monitor and reward home recycling behavior (e.g., Recyclebank). As Ashok Kamal, the CEO of the green social media marketing company Bennu notes, this movement represents a “tidal wave of green gamification that is capturing the attention of the green community and the business community as a whole” (Cousteau, Kamal, Freeman, & Pank, 2012).
Given such vibrant enthusiasm surrounding “green gamification,” it is hard not to react with some degree of skepticism. Climate change, pollution, and other human-driven environmental ills are complex, multi-faceted problems—can gamification actually play a serious role in their solution? In this talk, I attempt to provide a partial answer by providing a teaser for my new chapter on gamifying green to come out this year in the book “The Gameful World” edited by Steffen P. Walz and Sebastian Deterding. To learn more, go here: www.gamefulworld.org.
Applying Iterative Design to the Eco-Feedback Design Process Jon Froehlich
Although randomized controlled trials are the gold standard in evaluating the effectiveness of eco-feedback systems on reducing consumption behaviors, such trials are resource intensive and costly. As such, it is crucial that the intervention—the eco-feedback artifact—is well designed before effort is invested in a longitudinal study.
In this talk, I will discuss the application of iterative design to eco-feedback systems. Iterative design is a design methodology based on a cyclic process of prototyping, user testing, and analysis, the results of which are then used to inform a new round of prototyping (and the cycle continues). Through an 18-month design process of a prototype eco-feedback display (Froehlich, 2011), I will describe how iterative design was used to evaluate and refine the aesthetic, usability, understandability, and educational potential of an eco-feedback system before a field deployment. I will highlight the role of massive online surveys in evaluating early eco-feedback design ideas and the role of in-home interviews in evaluating higher-fidelity (more refined) designs. Finally, I will close the talk with a discussion of low-cost methods to deploy and test eco-feedback designs in the field even when underlying resource sensing systems (e.g., smart meters) are unavailable. These methods can be used to evaluate how the eco-feedback system may fit into domestic space, explore differences in perspective and preference across household members, and evaluate how the system affects household dynamics (e.g., if the design provokes privacy concerns) before behavioral trials are conducted in earnest.
Froehlich, J. (2011). Sensing and Feedback of Everyday Activities to Promote Environmental Behaviors. University of Washington Doctoral Dissertation 2011. http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/publications.html
Moving Beyond Line Graphs: A (Brief) History and Future of Eco-Feedback DesignJon Froehlich
I gave this talk at Behavior, Energy and Climate Change 2010 in Sacramento, CA. I briefly introduce energy feedback (eco-feedback) displays, provide a critique of the current (over) reliance on time series line graphs, and point out directions for the future. If you're interested in this topic, see my webpage for more: http://bit.ly/jonuw
Sensing Opportunities and Zero Effort Applications for Mobile Health PersuasionJon Froehlich
This is my Mobile Health 2010 (#mh2010) talk that I gave on May 24th for the session: "The Sweet Spot of Behavior Change via Mobile Devices."
I use lots of animations, so I strongly encourage you to download the PowerPoint pptx here:
http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/jfroehli/talks.html
It looks like SlideShare messed up the format of these slides, to view the original, see: http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/jfroehli/talks.html
Eco-feedback technology provides feedback on individual or group behaviors with a goal of reducing environmental impact. The history of eco-feedback extends back more than 40 years to the origins of environmental psychology. Despite its stated purpose, few HCI eco-feedback studies have attempted to measure behavior change. This leads to two overarching questions: (1) what can HCI learn from environmental psychology and (2) what role should HCI have in designing and evaluating eco-feedback technology? To help answer these questions, this paper conducts a comparative survey of eco-feedback technology, including 89 papers from environmental psychology and 44 papers from the HCI and UbiComp literature. We also provide an overview of predominant models of proenvironmental behaviors and a summary of key motivation techniques to promote this behavior.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
The Design and Evaluation of Prototype Eco-Feedback Displays for Fixture-Level Water Usage Data
1. The Design and Evaluation of Prototype Eco-Feedback
Displays for Fixture-Level Water Usage Data
Jon Froehlich1,2, Leah Findlater1,2, Marilyn Ostergren1, Solai Ramanathan1, Josh Peterson1,
Inness Wragg1, Eric Larson1, Fabia Fu1, Mazhengmin Bai1, Shwetak N. Patel1, James A. Landay1
design: UNIVERSITY of
use:
build: WASHINGTON
2. This talk is about eco-feedback displays
for water usage in the home
3.
4.
5.
6. This talk is also about the design process for eco-feedback visualizations
persuasive technology
personal informatics
quantified self
9. Brackish
Polar Ice 1% Drinkable
1.7%
Water
0.8%
Ocean
96.5%
[Glennon, Unquenchable: America’s water crisis and what to do about it, 2009; Gleick,World Policy Journal, 2009]
10. The amount of water on earth is not changing
but its location, quality and
amount per person is changing
11. The amount of water on earth is not changing
but its location, quality and
amount per person is changing
12. As the ‘s climate changes…
precipitation patterns glacial and ice snowpack surface water availability
[Gleick, World Policy Journal, 2009]
44. Key Questions
1 What are the key gaps in water usage understanding?
2 What aspects of disaggregated data are potential users
interested in and what sort of reactions do the
visualizations provoke?
3 How might these visualizations impact behavior?
45. Key Questions
1 What are the key gaps in water usage understanding?
2 What aspects of disaggregated data are potential users
interested in and what sort of reactions do the
visualizations provoke?
3 How might these visualizations impact behavior?
46. Two sets of designs:
1 Design Dimensions
Isolate eco-feedback design dimensions in the context of water usage
2 Design Probes
Meant to elicit reactions about how displays would fit within a household
and investigate issues such as privacy, competition, family dynamics.
47. Informal interviews with water experts (e.g., SPU, Amy Vickers)
UW Environmental Practicum on water
Literature review of water resource management, environmental psychology
Our own online survey of water usage attitudes & knowledge (N=656 respondents)
Data Ideation / Pilot Evaluation
Ideation Refinement
Gathering Sketch Studies
48. Respondents (N=651) dramatically underestimated the
amount of water used in common everyday activities.
underestimate
toilet : by 15%
shower : by 30%
bath : by 55%
low-flow shower : by 60%
outdoor yard watering : by 83% to 95%
[Froehlich, UW PhD Dissertation, 2011]
49. Informal interviews with water experts (e.g., SPU, Amy Vickers)
UW Environmental Practicum on water
Literature review of water resource management, environmental psychology
Our own online survey of water usage attitudes & knowledge (N=656 respondents)
Data Ideation / Pilot Formative
Ideation Refinement
Gathering Sketch Studies Evaluation
50. Informal interviews with water experts (e.g., SPU, Amy Vickers)
UW Environmental Practicum on water
Literature review of water resource management, environmental psychology
Our own online survey of water usage attitudes & knowledge (N=656 respondents)
Data Ideation / Pilot Formative
Ideation Refinement
Gathering Sketch Studies Evaluation
Informed by gathered data
Guided by eco-feedback design space
52. Informal interviews with water experts (e.g., SPU, Amy Vickers)
UW Environmental Practicum on water
Literature review of water resource management, environmental psychology
Our own online survey of water usage attitudes & knowledge (N=656 respondents)
Design critique sessions with team
Three sets of pilot studies
Data Ideation / Pilot Formative
Ideation Refinement
Gathering Sketch Studies Evaluation
Informed by gathered data
Guided by eco-feedback design space
53. Informal interviews with water experts (e.g., SPU, Amy Vickers)
UW Environmental Practicum on water
Literature review of water resource management, environmental psychology
Our own online survey of water usage attitudes & knowledge (N=656 respondents)
Design critique sessions with team
Three sets of pilot studies
Data Ideation / Pilot Formative
Ideation Refinement
Gathering Sketch Studies Evaluation
Informed by gathered data
Guided by eco-feedback design space
Online interactive survey of designs (N=651 respondents)
In-home interviews (10 households, 20 adults)
55. How does one go about the process of
designing interfaces for eco-feedback?
56. Eco-Feedback Design Space
INFORMATION ACCESS DATA REPRESENTATION COMPARISON
update aesthetic comparison
frequency real-time monthly or less user poll pragmatic artistic target self social goal
spatial proximity time comparison by
to behavior co-located remote window <hour >year time past projected
attentional temporal social-comp.
demand glanceable high attention grouping ≤sec by hour by day by week by month ≥year geographically demographically selected
target proximal similar social network
effort to data goal-setting
access low high granularity coarse-grain fine-grain strategy self-set system-set externally-set
INTERACTIVITY visual difficulty to reach
complexity simple complex comparison target easy hard
degree of
interactivity none high primary visual comparison variables statistic computation
encoding textual graphical time window
interface raw value @ this time [yest, last wk, mo, yr]
customizability none high measurement time granularity average [hrly, daily, wkly, monthly, yrly]
unit resource cost environmental activity time metaphor data grouping median over past [X] days
impact mode
user data granularity this day type [weekday, weekend]
additions user annotations user corrections primary other this day of week (e.g., mondays)
measurement unit
view temporal spatial categorical
DISPLAY MEDIUM
manifestation data
grouping by by by by by by consumption SOCIAL ASPECTS
webpage mobile wearable custom in-home resource person time space activity category
phone app interface display display target
person household community state country
ambience MOTIVATIONAL/PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES
not-ambient ambient private/
persuasive tactics from persuasive tactics include:
public private public
size psychology and applied social rewards goal-setting
small large psychology disciplines: data
punishment narrative
ACTIONABILITY/UTILITY persuasive design
public commitment likeability sharing none everyone
written commitment reputation
persuasive technology social-
degree of loss aversion competition (see COMPARISON)
behavioral science/economics comparison available unavailable
actionability low high kairos social proof
environmental psychology
encouragement authority
decision game design
suggests suggests anomaly descriptive norms emotional appeals
support actions social marketing
purchase decisions alerts scarcity principle door-in-face
health behavior change
personal- framing unlock features
ization no personalization highly personalized anchoring bias endowment effect
defaults collection building
information
intent Informs one action informs many actions
automation/
control no control system controls resource use [Froehlich et al., HCIC2009; CHI2010; UW PhD Dissertation 2011]
57. My own experiences Existing frameworks Psychology
(in persuasive tech and infovis) (particularly behavioral
economics and environ. psych)
58. Eco-Feedback Design Space
INFORMATION ACCESS DATA REPRESENTATION COMPARISON
update aesthetic comparison
frequency real-time monthly or less user poll pragmatic artistic target self social goal
spatial proximity time comparison by
to behavior co-located remote window <hour >year time past projected
attentional temporal social-comp.
demand glanceable high attention grouping ≤sec by hour by day by week by month ≥year geographically demographically selected
target proximal similar social network
effort to data goal-setting
access low high granularity coarse-grain fine-grain strategy self-set system-set externally-set
INTERACTIVITY visual difficulty to reach
complexity simple complex comparison target easy hard
degree of
interactivity none high primary visual comparison variables statistic computation
encoding textual graphical time window
interface raw value @ this time [yest, last wk, mo, yr]
customizability none high measurement time granularity average [hrly, daily, wkly, monthly, yrly]
unit resource cost environmental activity time metaphor data grouping median over past [X] days
impact mode
user data granularity this day type [weekday, weekend]
additions user annotations user corrections primary other this day of week (e.g., mondays)
measurement unit
view temporal spatial categorical
DISPLAY MEDIUM
manifestation data
grouping by by by by by by consumption SOCIAL ASPECTS
webpage mobile wearable custom in-home resource person time space activity category
phone app interface display display target
person household community state country
ambience MOTIVATIONAL/PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES
not-ambient ambient private/
persuasive tactics from persuasive tactics include:
public private public
size psychology and applied social rewards goal-setting
small large psychology disciplines: data
punishment narrative
ACTIONABILITY/UTILITY persuasive design
public commitment likeability sharing none everyone
written commitment reputation
persuasive technology social-
degree of loss aversion competition (see COMPARISON)
behavioral science/economics comparison available unavailable
actionability low high kairos social proof
environmental psychology
encouragement authority
decision game design
suggests suggests anomaly descriptive norms emotional appeals
support actions social marketing
purchase decisions alerts scarcity principle door-in-face
health behavior change
personal- framing unlock features
ization no personalization highly personalized anchoring bias endowment effect
defaults collection building
information
intent Informs one action informs many actions
automation/
control no control system controls resource use [Froehlich et al., HCIC2009; CHI2010; UW PhD Dissertation 2011]
59. data information
representation access
inputs display
medium
the
behavioral
eco-feedback
design space comparison
models
social actionability
motivational
strategies
60. data information
representation access
inputs display
medium
the
behavioral
eco-feedback
design space comparison
models
social actionability
motivational
strategies
61. data information
representation access
inputs display
medium
the
behavioral
eco-feedback
design space comparison
models
social actionability
motivational
strategies
62. data information
representation access
inputs display
medium
the
behavioral
eco-feedback
design space comparison
models
social actionability
motivational
strategies
63. data information
representation access
inputs display
medium
the
behavioral
eco-feedback
design space comparison
models
social actionability
motivational
strategies
64. Two sets of designs:
1 Design Dimensions
Isolate eco-feedback design dimensions in the context of water usage
2 Design Probes
Meant to elicit reactions about how displays would fit within a household
and investigate issues such as privacy, competition, family dynamics.
65. DESIGN SET 1: ISOLATING DESIGN DIMENSIONS
Design Dimensions Explored
1 Data Granularity Part of “Data
Representation” in
2 Time Granularity the eco-feedback
design space
3 Measurement Unit
4 Comparison
66. data information
representation access
inputs display
medium
the
behavioral
eco-feedback
design space comparison
models
social actionability
motivational
strategies
67. data information
representation access
inputs display
medium
the
behavioral
eco-feedback
design space comparison
models
social actionability
motivational
strategies
68. data
representation
tion
s
aesthetic
pragmatic artistic
visual complexity
simple complex
time granularity
< hour > year
data granularity coarse-grain fine-grain
measurement unit
resource cost environmental time activity metaphor
impact
primary view
temporal spatial categorical
69. data
representation
tion
s
aesthetic
pragmatic artistic
visual complexity
simple complex
time granularity
< hour > year
data granularity coarse-grain fine-grain
measurement unit
resource cost environmental time activity metaphor
impact
primary view
temporal spatial categorical
70. DESIGN SET 1: ISOLATING DESIGN DIMENSIONS
Data Granularity
coarse-grain fine-grain
≥neighbor- home room activity fixture fixture ≤ valve
hood category
71.
72.
73.
74.
75. DESIGN SET 1: ISOLATING DESIGN DIMENSIONS
Time Granularity
≤ hour day week month ≥ year
76. DESIGN SET 1: ISOLATING DESIGN DIMENSIONS
Measurement Unit
resource rate of cost time activity metaphor
consumption
36 gallons 3 gpm 9 cents 12 minutes 1 shower
of water
77.
78.
79.
80. DESIGN SET 1: ISOLATING DESIGN DIMENSIONS
data
representation
tion
s
aesthetic
pragmatic artistic
visual complexity
simple complex
time window
< hour > year
data granularity coarse-grain fine-grain
measurement unit
resource cost environmental time activity metaphor
impact
primary view
temporal spatial categorical
81. DESIGN SET 1: ISOLATING DESIGN DIMENSIONS
data
representation
tion
s
82. DESIGN SET 1: ISOLATING DESIGN DIMENSIONS
comparison
ity
comparison
target self social goal
comparison by
time past projected
social comparison
target geographically demographically selected social
proximal similar network
goal-setting
strategy self-set system-set externally set
difficulty to reach
comparison target easy hard
83. comparison
ity
comparison
target self social goal
comparison by
time past projected
social comparison
target geographically demographically selected social
proximal similar network
goal-setting
strategy self-set system-set externally set
difficulty to reach
comparison target easy hard
84. DESIGN SET 1: ISOLATING DESIGN DIMENSIONS
Design Dimensions Explored
Data
Granularity
Individual Fixture Fixture Category Activity Hot and Cold
Time
Granularity
So Far Today So Far This Week So Far This Month
Comparison
Self Comparison To Others To A Goal Social/Self
Measurement
Unit
In Gallons In Dollars Dollars / Gallons Including Sewage
85. Two sets of designs:
1 Design Dimensions
Isolate eco-feedback design dimensions in the context of water usage
2 Design Probes
Meant to elicit reactions about how displays would fit within a household
and investigate issues such as privacy, competition, family dynamics.
86. DESIGN SET 2: DESIGN PROBES
Design Probes Explored
Time- Aquatic
Series Eco-system
Spatial Rainflow
Per- Other
Occupant
87. DESIGN SET 2: DESIGN PROBES
Design Probes Explored
Time- Aquatic
Series Eco-system
Spatial Rainflow
Per- Other
Occupant
88. Daily Patterns of Water Usage
Washing Machine
Shower
Bath
Faucets
Toilets
Gallons
[Adapted from Butler, Building and Environment, 1993]
94. DESIGN SET 2: DESIGN PROBES
Design Probes Explored
Time- Aquatic
Series Eco-system
Spatial Rainflow
Per- Other
Occupant
95. DESIGN SET 2: DESIGN PROBES
Aquatic Ecosystem Design Influences
ubifit
Consolvo et al., CHI2008
ubigreen
Froehlich et al., CHI 2009
Consolvo et al., UbiComp2008
96. DESIGN SET 2: DESIGN PROBES
Aquatic Ecosystem View Movie
Water savings
New water “Frank” the fish
water savings met met
goal goal meets his mate
savings
tracker
display is also
“Frank” interactive so
the fish fish respond
to touch
Frank and his
mate have
children
and so on…
97. DESIGN SET 2: DESIGN PROBES
Design Probes Explored
Time- Aquatic
Series Eco-system
Spatial Rainflow
Per- Other
Occupant
103. Informal interviews with water experts (e.g., SPU, Amy Vickers)
UW Environmental Practicum on water
Literature review of water resource management, environmental psychology
Our own online survey of water usage attitudes & knowledge (N=656 respondents)
Design critique sessions with team
Three sets of pilot studies
Data Ideation / Pilot Formative
Ideation Refinement
Gathering Sketch Studies Evaluation
Informed by gathered data
Guided by eco-feedback design space
Online interactive survey of designs (N=651 respondents)
In-home interviews (10 households, 20 adults)
104. Online Survey
Recruitment
o Online postings and word-of-mouth
Survey Design
o 63 questions (10 optional)
o Question and answer order
randomized when possible
Collected Data
o 712 completed surveys
(651 from US or Canada)
o Nearly 6,000 qualitative responses
105.
106.
107. In-Home Interviews
Recruitment
o Online postings and word-of-mouth
o Specifically recruited families
Interview Method
o Semi-structured with two researchers
o 90-minutes, 3-phases
o Data coded by two researchers into themes
Participants
o 10 households (20 adults)
o 11 female/9 male
o Diff. socio-economic backgrounds & occupations
o 18 had college degrees
108.
109.
110. For both the survey and interviews, 90% of
participants indicated an interest in conserving water
Average morning shower
uses 400 gallons of water
112. Data Granularity
coarse-grain fine-grain
≥neighbor- home room activity fixture fixture ≤ valve
hood category
This display lets
you more easily
identify the specific
areas that need
attention
R536 Majority preferred the Individual Fixture Display
113. Data Granularity
coarse-grain fine-grain
≥neighbor- home room activity fixture fixture ≤ valve
hood category
This display lets
you more easily
identify the specific
areas that need
attention
R536 Majority preferred the Individual Fixture Display
114. Data Granularity
coarse-grain fine-grain
≥neighbor- home room activity fixture fixture ≤ valve
hood category
20% preferred the Activity Display
115. Measurement Unit
resource rate of cost time activity metaphor
consumption
71% of respondents preferred to see both gallons and cost
Seeing the gallon amount triggers the ‘save the
environment’ impulse to conserve, while the dollar
amount is helpful because almost everyone is
motivated by money to some extent
R143 I don't think very well in ‘thousands of gallons’, but
$20 I can understand. That’s a case of beer down
the drain, if you will
R48
116. Time Granularity
≤ hour day week month ≥ year
Majority of respondents wanted ability to
switch between different time granularities
117. Comparisons were the most
uniformly desired pieces of
information of all the dimensions
119. Emergent Themes
1 Competition and Cooperation
2 Accountability and Blame
3 Playfulness and Functionality
4 Sense of Privacy
5 Display Placement
120. Competition and Cooperation
“ ”
You can compare usage to others, and create friendly competition
“ ”
R220
It pits the family members against each other
rather than encouraging collaboration
“
R485
[It] sets up a ‘competitive’ environment that
we are trying not to create in our household
R493
121. Accountability and Blame
“ ”
It holds each individual accountable for water usage
“ ”
R354
There’s no reason to add an element of
‘blame’ to conservation efforts within a family
“
R98
Would seem to lead to plenty of arguments
about usage
R144
122. Playfulness and Functionality
“ ”
I like the idea of getting rewards for saving water
“
I8.2
”
It’s like unlocking badges in Foursquare. No matter how trivial it can
be to make a fish appear on this screen, you still want to do it
“
I4.1
It doesn’t appeal to me as much. I don’t do Foursquare. This distracts
me a little bit and it doesn’t make me think about my usage
I4.2
131. Primary Contributions
1 First work to design and evaluate
feedback visualizations for disaggregated
water data
2 An iterative design roadmap for others
working in the space of eco-feedback or
other behavior change technologies
135. Data Ideation / Pilot Formative
Ideation Refinement
Gathering Sketch Studies Evaluation
136. Closing Thought
Eco-feedback displays do not just visualize
consumption, they document household activities
137. The Eco-Feedback Team!
Solai Josh Inness Fabia Mazhengmin
Marilyn Eric Leah Shwetak James
Acknowledgements:
Seattle Public Utilities: Ray Hoffman, Director; Al Diettemann, Water Conservation Expert; Bob Alpers
Amy Vickers, Water Conservation Expert
Austin Polebitski, Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UMass
David Hsu, Assistant Professor City and Regional Planning, UPenn
Sara Sheridan for her early design work
138. Questions?
@jonfroehlich
design: UNIVERSITY of
use:
build: WASHINGTON