3. 2010 Water Use by Sector Estimates
Type Acre feet
Irrigation (Agriculture) 10,079,215
Municipal 4,851,201
Manufacturing 1,727,808
Steam Electric 733,179
Livestock 322,966
Mining 296,230
Total 18,010,599
Irrigation
56%Municipal
27%
Manufacturing
9%
Steam Electric
4%
Livestock
2%
Mining
2%
2010 Water use by Sector in Texas
5. Future Water Trends in Texas
• The population is predicted to grow by about 82% by 2060.
• Municipal Water Sector will increase water use by 58%.
• Municipal sector will be the largest water user in Texas.
6. Figure from TWDB Texas Water Plan 2012
Greater Demand Than Actual Supply
7. Potential Social and Economic Losses in Texas
if no Action is Taken
$115.7
Billon
Business
2060
$9.8 Billion
State and
Local
Business Taxes
2060
1.1.
million
Jobs
2060
403,000
Student
s
2060
https://www.twdb.texas.gov/publications/state_water_plan/2012/06.pdf
10. • Institutional: schools k-12, universities, libraries, government buildings,
some hospitals, correctional facilities, and courthouses.
• Commercial: office buildings, restaurants, fast food restaurants, grocers,
hospitals, laundries, golf courses, churches, auto repair shops, car washes,
retail stores, and lodging.
Types of Facilities in the IC Sector
15. Indoor Model Scenario Assumptions:
50,000 square foot office building
Building operates 300 days/year
250 sq. ft./ person
Meter size 1 ½
City of Austin commercial
customer water rates
100 males and 100 females
12 toilets; 6 urinals; 10 sinks
Female flushes toilet 3 times/day
Female uses sink 45 seconds/day
Male flushes toilet .5 times/day
Male flushes urinal 2 times/day
Male uses 30 seconds sink/day
No rebates
16. High Water Savings
Sink: 1.5 gpm
Toilet: 1.6 gpf
Urinal: 1.0 gpf
Total water use/ year
284, 250 gallons
Percent water reduction
55%
Annual water cost
$2, 653
Cost of project:
$5,500
Return on Investment
2.5 years
Extreme Water Savings
Sink: 0.5gpm
Composting toilet: 0
Waterless urinal: 0
Total water use/ year
18,750 gallons
Percent water reduction
97%
Annual water cost
$1,713
Cost of project:
$35,000
Return on Investment
11 years
Existing Water Use
Sink: 2.2 gpm
Toilet: 3.5 gpf
Urinal: 3.0 gpf
Water Use
630, 000 gallons
Annual water cost
$4, 736
Indoor Results
19. Outdoor Existing Landscape Water Budget
Existing Landscape Plant Cover and Type
Plant Type Percent
Cover
Sq. ft. of cover
(2 acres)
Plant Factor
Trees 5% 4356 0.6
Turf (warm
species)
60% 52272 0.6
Hardscape 5% 4356 0
Shrubs/Bushes 20% 17424 0.6
Flower Beds 10% 8712 0.8
Five Texas Cities Used in The Scenario
City Evapo-
transpiration
(Average)
Precipitation Conversion
Factor
(Unit to
Gallons)
DU
Houston 54.9 47.7 0.623 0.7
Austin 57.5 33.2 0.623 0.7
San Antonio 58.2 30.1 0.623 0.7
Dallas 55.9 34.8 0.623 0.7
El Paso 79.3 8.6 0.623 0.7
20. Methodology
Dennis Pettinger Simplified Landscape Irrigation Demand Estimation (SLIDE)
o ETo is the historic average monthly ETo in inches.
o PF is the plant factor average for the plant categories, 1 to x, for each month, January
through December
o P is the historic average precipitation in inches for each month January through
December.
o LA1-x is the landscape area devoted to a respective plant category, 1 through x (Sq.
ft)
o 0.623 is the factor to convert units to gallons.
o DU is the distribution uniformity of irrigation application, assumed 0.7 (70% efficient)
o LREST is the leaching requirement needed only for water taken from the Trinity
portions of the aquifer or those with similar salinity levels.-( Not included*)
21. Existing Landscape Water Budget
Existing Landscape Water Budget
Cities Total
Gallons
Total Gallons
(considering 30%
over
watering/Leaks)
Inches of
water
(per year)
Cost
($250 per 50,000
gals)
Houston 1,211,404 1,574,824.68 29 $7,874.12
Austin 2,260,254 2,938,329.84 54 $14,691.65
San Antonio 2,496,125 3,244,962.37 60 $16,224.81
Dallas 2,043,773 2,656,904.86 49 $13,284.52
El Paso 5,311,632 6,905,121.24 127 $34,525.61
23. Soil Moisture Sensors
Soil Moisture Controller
Cities Water Savings
(Normal
Scenario)
Percent
Savings
Water Use
(Gals)
Total Water
Cost
($250 per
50,000 Gals)
Cost Savings
Houston 988,466 57% 745,685 $3,728 $4,942
Austin 1,953,989 57% 1,474,062 $7,370 $9,769
San Antonio 1,959,143 57% 1,477,950 $7,389 $9,795
Dallas 1,514,435 57% 1,142,466 $5,712 $7,572
El Paso 3,935,919 57% 2,969,202 $14,846 $19,679
24. Evapotranspiration Controllers
Evapotranspiration Controllers
Cities Water
Savings
(gals)
Percent
Savings
Water Use
(Gals)
Total Water
Cost
($250 per
50,000 Gals)
Cost Savings
Houston 502,903 29% 1,231,247 $6,156 $2,514
Austin 994,134 29% 2,433,916 $12,169 $4,970
San Antonio 996,757 29% 2,440,336 $12,201 $4,983
Dallas 770,502 29% 1,886,402 $9,432 $3,852
El Paso 2,002,485 29% 4,902,636 $24,513 $10,012
25. Rain Water Catchment Systems
Rain Water Harvesting
Cities Upfront
Project
Cost
Water
Savings
(Gals)
Percent
Savings
Water Use
(Gals)
Total Water
Cost
($250 per
50,000 Gals)
Cost
Savings
Houston $21,070 297351 19% 1,277,474 $7,184 $1,486
Austin $17,320 206961 7% 2,731,368 $16,105 $1,034
San
Antonio
$14,320 187636 6% 3,057,326 $16,247 $938
Dallas $17,320 216935 8% 2,439,969 $12,199 $1,084
El Paso $6,070 53610 1% 6,851,510 $34,257 $268
26. Smartscape Design
Smartscape / Native Design
Native Plant
Design
Water
Savings
(gallons)
Percent
Savings
Water Use Total Water
Cost
($250 per
50,000 Gals)
Cost Savings
Houston 1,486,676 86% 247,475 $1,237 $7,433
Austin 2,830,283 83% 597,767 $2,988 $14,151
San Antonio 2,667,387 78% 769,705 $3,848 $13,336
Dallas 2,155,653 81% 501,251 $2,506 $10,778
El Paso 4,347,153 63% 2,557,967 $12,789 $21,735
27. Highest Savings
Native/Drought tolerant
landscape design
Best Cost/water savings
Soil Moisture controllers
Potentially water efficient
ET Controllers
Lowest Cost and Water
Savings
Rain Water Harvesting
Estimated project cost:
$100,000
Estimated project cost:
$3,245
Estimated project cost:
$850
Estimated project cost:
$15,000
Water savings:
2,697,431 gallons
78%
Water savings:
2,070,390 gallons
57%
Water savings:
1,053,357 gallons
29%
Water savings:
192,500 gallons
8%
Water cost savings:
$13,487
Water cost savings:
$10,352
Water cost savings:
$5,267
Water cost savings:
$962
Overall Outdoor Results
28. AC Condensate
Re-use
10,000 Sq. ft building HVAC
system can produce more
than 15,000 gals/year in
condensate water.
The average hospital 74,600
Sq. ft. approximate savings
112,000 gals/year.
Embedded energy savings
roughly 250 KWH/year.
Commercial Kitchen
Spray Valve
Commercial Kitchen accounts
for about 15% of water in ICI
Boston University Cafeteria
Upgraded to high- efficient
spray valves- decreased water
use by 63%- saving about
48,000 gals/year.
Embedded energy savings
roughly 110 KWH/year.
Reclaimed/ Recycled
Water
Reclaimed water is recycled
sewage water.
El Paso uses this technique-
2006 reported roughly
7.5MGD of reclaimed water
used for plant use; industrial
use, irrigation, groundwater
recharge; and other.
Savings 8,400 AF/Year
Other Technologies
30. Total Water Savings
Potential
If ICI reduced Use by 30%
Approximately
167,000,000,000 gallons
could be saved every year
in Texas
Current
Highland
Lake
Storage
Potential
Savings
from 30%
Reduction in
ICI
35%…................................
Highland Lakes
Figure from LCRA
31. Energy Savings Potential
The embedded energy savings within the 30% water
reduction in ICI is approximately
384,100,000 KWH
This Energy Savings could Power the equivalent of about
3.5 University of Texas
35. No State Water Conservation Handbook
• No Technical Reference Manual to calculate
savings
• Best Management Practices scattered through
various literature
• Demonstration projects are limited and hard to
find
