The document summarizes a study of the water quality of Froggy Bottoms wetland. Water samples were taken from three locations in the wetland over five weeks and tested for temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. The results showed that locations two and three met standards for healthy wetlands, but location one sometimes did not meet standards due to being the wetland's inflow location. Overall, the study found the wetland has healthy water quality and functions as a sustainable ecosystem.
The study compared water quality parameters of greywater samples collected before and after treatment from four systems in Monteverde, Costa Rica. While water quality did not significantly differ before and after treatment within systems, some parameters differed between systems after treatment. Specifically, samples from the Monteverde Institute system had significantly higher conductivity, total dissolved solids, and salinity than other systems, possibly due to sediment and stagnant water. Samples from the Monteverde Country Lodge system had significantly higher nitrate nitrogen, likely due to its treatment of both greywater and blackwater. The study found treatment systems can improve some greywater quality aspects but their effectiveness depends on system design and water sources.
The document discusses the importance of testing well water for total coliform bacteria and E. coli, which can indicate contamination and pose health risks if consumed. It provides instructions for properly collecting and submitting water samples to be tested at the certified Brazos County Health Department laboratory. The results indicate whether bacteria are present, and if positive, the water should be disinfected by adding bleach and flushing all faucets before retesting. Additional resources for water testing and treatment are also listed.
In rural Uganda, engineers from SAME Kaiserslautern and Boston Posts visited eight remote villages to test water treatment solutions. They tested a salt chlorination system and ultrafiltration membranes. The salt chlorination used a solar-powered system to generate chlorine from salt overnight, then villagers added chlorine to their water in the morning. This reduced bacteria counts substantially. Ultrafiltration membranes also significantly reduced bacteria counts. However, high turbidity water limited the effectiveness of chlorination. Additional filtration may be needed. Both solutions showed potential if integrated into local practices and made affordable.
Solar water disinfection in rural puerto rican countiesAquilles07
The document summarizes a study on using solar water disinfection (SODIS) to treat water from the Guavate River in Puerto Rico. Water samples were collected and some were exposed to sunlight in PET bottles while others were covered or not exposed. Testing found that the samples exposed to sunlight showed significant bacterial disinfection from UV rays, while covered samples showed little disinfection or even bacterial growth due to heat. The study concluded that UV rays, not heat, provided the disinfection in the SODIS process.
Spot Zero reverse osmosis system - Leading sea water RO system, Coast effective and ease of maintanance.Spot Zero RO System for marine yachts and sail boats.
The Gardiner Wastewater Treatment Plant processes over 365 million gallons of waste per year from the city. The plant aims to reduce the amount of untreated waste entering the Kennebec River to zero in order to protect water quality and aquatic life. The treatment process involves removing solid contaminants, breaking down organic waste and harmful bacteria through aeration and the use of microorganisms, and disinfecting the water before it is released into the river. Plant technicians carefully monitor and maintain the treatment equipment and systems to ensure the efficient processing of waste and testing of water quality before it leaves the plant.
The document summarizes a study of the water quality of Froggy Bottoms wetland. Water samples were taken from three locations in the wetland over five weeks and tested for temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. The results showed that locations two and three met standards for healthy wetlands, but location one sometimes did not meet standards due to being the wetland's inflow location. Overall, the study found the wetland has healthy water quality and functions as a sustainable ecosystem.
The study compared water quality parameters of greywater samples collected before and after treatment from four systems in Monteverde, Costa Rica. While water quality did not significantly differ before and after treatment within systems, some parameters differed between systems after treatment. Specifically, samples from the Monteverde Institute system had significantly higher conductivity, total dissolved solids, and salinity than other systems, possibly due to sediment and stagnant water. Samples from the Monteverde Country Lodge system had significantly higher nitrate nitrogen, likely due to its treatment of both greywater and blackwater. The study found treatment systems can improve some greywater quality aspects but their effectiveness depends on system design and water sources.
The document discusses the importance of testing well water for total coliform bacteria and E. coli, which can indicate contamination and pose health risks if consumed. It provides instructions for properly collecting and submitting water samples to be tested at the certified Brazos County Health Department laboratory. The results indicate whether bacteria are present, and if positive, the water should be disinfected by adding bleach and flushing all faucets before retesting. Additional resources for water testing and treatment are also listed.
In rural Uganda, engineers from SAME Kaiserslautern and Boston Posts visited eight remote villages to test water treatment solutions. They tested a salt chlorination system and ultrafiltration membranes. The salt chlorination used a solar-powered system to generate chlorine from salt overnight, then villagers added chlorine to their water in the morning. This reduced bacteria counts substantially. Ultrafiltration membranes also significantly reduced bacteria counts. However, high turbidity water limited the effectiveness of chlorination. Additional filtration may be needed. Both solutions showed potential if integrated into local practices and made affordable.
Solar water disinfection in rural puerto rican countiesAquilles07
The document summarizes a study on using solar water disinfection (SODIS) to treat water from the Guavate River in Puerto Rico. Water samples were collected and some were exposed to sunlight in PET bottles while others were covered or not exposed. Testing found that the samples exposed to sunlight showed significant bacterial disinfection from UV rays, while covered samples showed little disinfection or even bacterial growth due to heat. The study concluded that UV rays, not heat, provided the disinfection in the SODIS process.
Spot Zero reverse osmosis system - Leading sea water RO system, Coast effective and ease of maintanance.Spot Zero RO System for marine yachts and sail boats.
The Gardiner Wastewater Treatment Plant processes over 365 million gallons of waste per year from the city. The plant aims to reduce the amount of untreated waste entering the Kennebec River to zero in order to protect water quality and aquatic life. The treatment process involves removing solid contaminants, breaking down organic waste and harmful bacteria through aeration and the use of microorganisms, and disinfecting the water before it is released into the river. Plant technicians carefully monitor and maintain the treatment equipment and systems to ensure the efficient processing of waste and testing of water quality before it leaves the plant.
For their investigatory project, the group created an improvised water filter to prove it can effectively filter dirty water. They tested the filter by pumping dirty water through it and repeating the filtration cycle. They found that over 9-15 cycles, the water became clearer as contaminants were removed. While it took several cycles to achieve clear water, the improvised filter using affordable materials like sand, pebbles and activated carbon was ultimately successful at filtering water, demonstrating it is an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to commercial filters.
This document provides instructions and procedures for conducting the "Water: No Dirt, No Germs" activity as part of the Global Experiment for the International Year of Chemistry. Students will clarify and disinfect local natural water sources in small groups. The clarification process involves aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration to remove solid particles. Disinfection uses bleach to destroy germs, with students measuring the number of drops needed to achieve a chlorine residual. Results including water descriptions, photos, and average bleach drops will be submitted to the global database. The activity aims to raise awareness of chemistry's role in providing clean drinking water.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF SOLAR WATER FILTERAnmol Mangat
B.tech final year project on designing solar still solar water still to filter out water by distillation and further adding minerals to make the water drinkable.
This document summarizes research on using ultraviolet (UV) light to inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in water. The research tested water samples from three locations in Ambazari Lake in India over different seasons. Testing measured physio-chemical parameters like turbidity, pH, and hardness, as well as E. coli levels before and after UV treatment. Results found physio-chemical parameters within standards, and over 99.999% reduction in E. coli after UV exposure times from 0.5 to 8 hours depending on initial bacterial levels and water quality. The research concluded UV light is an effective alternative to chlorine for water disinfection, avoiding harmful chlorination byproducts, though pre-
IRJET- Development of a Series Filtration Water Treatment Method for Small Co...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed a series filtration water treatment method using local materials for filter media to provide clean drinking water for small communities. The method uses a layered filter with gravel, sand, crushed coconut shells and coconut husk. Testing of the filter effluent found a considerable reduction in turbidity, total solids, pH, hardness and color intensity compared to the raw water, demonstrating the effectiveness of this low-cost filtration approach.
Distillation is an effective method for removing many common water contaminants like bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and dissolved solids. The distillation process involves boiling water to produce steam, then condensing the steam into purified water. While distillation can remove nearly all impurities, it is energy intensive and may not remove all volatile organic compounds unless additional filtration is used. Home distillers are available in batch or continuous flow models and require regular cleaning to remove scale buildup in the boiling chamber.
HomePure 7-Stage Filtration System vs HomePure EazeQNET Ltd
Learn about the similarities and differences between QNET's HomePure 7-Stage Filtration System and the HomePure Eaze.
Know more about QNET by visiting these sites:
http://www.qnet.net
http://www.qnetlife.net
https://twitter.com/QNetOfficial
https://www.youtube.com/user/QNETofficial
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.qnet.estore.android&hl=en
https://www.facebook.com/QNETIndiaOfficial
The document describes a countertop water filtration system called HomePure Eaze. It has a stylish European design, push button operation, and filters water using a 5-stage filtration system to remove impurities. It needs simple installation by connecting a hose to the water supply and has an easy filter replacement system that takes only 3 minutes.
Presentation on technology and solutions in the WASH sector given during the Fall 2011 semester at Emory University for the class 'Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Developing Countries" (GH 529).
The document introduces a Portable Potable Purifier (PPP) that can purify municipal tap water to match the purity of home water purifiers. It uses hollow cylindrical ultra filtration membranes that require only 2-3 psi of pressure to filter out unwanted chemicals, microorganisms, and impurities. The PPP was motivated by experiences of travelers facing issues with impure water. It collects tap water, pressurizes it, then filters it through micro and ultra filtration membranes and activated carbon before collecting purified water for drinking. Being small, lightweight, and not requiring electricity, the PPP has applications for water treatment, management, and preventing water-borne diseases anywhere in rural or urban areas.
The document summarizes LivingWater, a home water ionizer system that produces alkaline water. It describes how LivingWater filters, ionizes, and optimizes tap water to deliver healthier, alkalized water. LivingWater balances the water's pH and provides hydrating water with antioxidant properties to support overall health and wellness. It offers an affordable alternative to expensive bottled water while producing potentially significant savings over time.
Lindsey Therese Matidios
Logs and handles cash sales
and purchases.
Monitors the business
operations.
Records daily transactions.
Prepares reports for the
manager.
Handles customer inquiries
and complaints.
Assists in marketing and
promotional activities.
Performs clerical duties such
as filing, photocopying,
faxing, etc.
Maintains office supplies and
inventory.
Performs other tasks assigned
by the manager.
Qualifications:
- College degree in Business
Administration or related
course
- At least 1
The document discusses a Water Station Management Suite (WSMS) software solution. It outlines the agenda which includes what WSMS is, common water station problems, how WSMS addresses those problems, benefits of WSMS, a comparison to other products, costing details, and a question and answer section. WSMS is presented as an automated solution that can help manage customer records, sales, inventory, finances and other operations. It claims to provide benefits like business intelligence, proactivity, and optimizing resources.
Philips India Ltd. is a subsidiary of Royal Philips focused on improving lives through meaningful innovation in healthcare, consumer lifestyle, and lighting. It has taken various initiatives to serve rural India, such as developing affordable solar lighting products, a powerless radio, and a smokeless cooking stove. It also launched several healthcare programs like DISHA which uses a mobile clinic and Asha Jyoti for women's health screenings using a mobile van. Philips aims to make healthcare technologies like colposcopy easier for less experienced clinicians to use to improve access in rural areas.
Targeting And Positioning In Rural MarketNishit Mehta
The document discusses targeting and positioning strategies for rural markets, noting that targeting involves evaluating and selecting market segments based on factors like profitability and growth rate. It also covers positioning strategies like differentiating products and services, and positioning brands in consumers' minds by identifying differences and communicating them effectively. Rural consumers were surveyed to determine the most attractive segments and positioning strategies for soap brands Lifebuoy and HealthPlus.
Food safety management system for fast food chain krunal solanki
The document outlines a food safety management system for a concept restaurant in Switzerland. It includes 7 steps for planning and designing the system, covering introduction to global food safety standards, assessment of prerequisites, management implementation, HACCP planning, training, auditing, and more. Procedures are defined for hygiene, training, facility design, pest control, and ensuring food safety in storage, preparation, service, and supplier selection. The goal is to create a comprehensive system that trains employees and monitors all aspects of food handling to prevent foodborne illness.
This document provides an executive summary and table of contents for a project report on rural marketing. The executive summary discusses the evolution of thinking around rural marketing in India, from initially viewing rural and urban markets similarly to recognizing the need for a distinct rural marketing approach. It notes that factors beyond just income differentiate rural and urban India, requiring a tailored understanding of rural markets. The table of contents then outlines 15 sections that will be covered in the project report, including the nature of rural markets, rural consumer behavior, marketing strategies for rural markets, and media vehicles for promoting to rural audiences.
Jalli's Restaurant is a proposed new restaurant in Bangalore, India. It will have indoor and outdoor dining areas serving Hyderabadi biryani, Chinese, Indian, and continental cuisine. The restaurant aims to provide efficient customer service and establish itself as a unique concept in the area. It will be located in Banshankari Stage III, a residential area near colleges and computer cafes that currently lacks restaurants serving its cuisine. The restaurant expects to attract youth, families, and couples aged 15-50 and reach break-even point within 1.3 years of opening.
PRINCIPLES OF FOOD SANITATION, SAFETY & HYGIENEBean Malicse
The document discusses principles of food sanitation, safety, and hygiene. It covers key definitions, the importance of food safety, causes of foodborne illness including cross-contamination and time-temperature abuse. It also discusses potentially hazardous foods and understanding microorganisms like bacteria, conditions needed for bacteria to grow, and how to control bacterial growth in food. The primary goals of food sanitation are cleanliness, preventing contamination, and destroying harmful bacteria through proper cooking and handling of food.
The Business Model Canvas is a strategy and innovation tool to visualize, challenge, and invent business models.
It is outlined in the book Business Model Generation http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com
Venture Design Workshop: Business Model CanvasAlex Cowan
These slides support the various workshops I do and my online curriculum in two principal places:
1. Business Model Canvas Tutorial
This is a more fully articulated instructional, complete with templates: bit.ly/nicebmc.
2. Startup Sprints
This is a structured self-service for Venture Design/new venture creation: bit.ly/startupsprints.
For their investigatory project, the group created an improvised water filter to prove it can effectively filter dirty water. They tested the filter by pumping dirty water through it and repeating the filtration cycle. They found that over 9-15 cycles, the water became clearer as contaminants were removed. While it took several cycles to achieve clear water, the improvised filter using affordable materials like sand, pebbles and activated carbon was ultimately successful at filtering water, demonstrating it is an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to commercial filters.
This document provides instructions and procedures for conducting the "Water: No Dirt, No Germs" activity as part of the Global Experiment for the International Year of Chemistry. Students will clarify and disinfect local natural water sources in small groups. The clarification process involves aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration to remove solid particles. Disinfection uses bleach to destroy germs, with students measuring the number of drops needed to achieve a chlorine residual. Results including water descriptions, photos, and average bleach drops will be submitted to the global database. The activity aims to raise awareness of chemistry's role in providing clean drinking water.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF SOLAR WATER FILTERAnmol Mangat
B.tech final year project on designing solar still solar water still to filter out water by distillation and further adding minerals to make the water drinkable.
This document summarizes research on using ultraviolet (UV) light to inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in water. The research tested water samples from three locations in Ambazari Lake in India over different seasons. Testing measured physio-chemical parameters like turbidity, pH, and hardness, as well as E. coli levels before and after UV treatment. Results found physio-chemical parameters within standards, and over 99.999% reduction in E. coli after UV exposure times from 0.5 to 8 hours depending on initial bacterial levels and water quality. The research concluded UV light is an effective alternative to chlorine for water disinfection, avoiding harmful chlorination byproducts, though pre-
IRJET- Development of a Series Filtration Water Treatment Method for Small Co...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed a series filtration water treatment method using local materials for filter media to provide clean drinking water for small communities. The method uses a layered filter with gravel, sand, crushed coconut shells and coconut husk. Testing of the filter effluent found a considerable reduction in turbidity, total solids, pH, hardness and color intensity compared to the raw water, demonstrating the effectiveness of this low-cost filtration approach.
Distillation is an effective method for removing many common water contaminants like bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and dissolved solids. The distillation process involves boiling water to produce steam, then condensing the steam into purified water. While distillation can remove nearly all impurities, it is energy intensive and may not remove all volatile organic compounds unless additional filtration is used. Home distillers are available in batch or continuous flow models and require regular cleaning to remove scale buildup in the boiling chamber.
HomePure 7-Stage Filtration System vs HomePure EazeQNET Ltd
Learn about the similarities and differences between QNET's HomePure 7-Stage Filtration System and the HomePure Eaze.
Know more about QNET by visiting these sites:
http://www.qnet.net
http://www.qnetlife.net
https://twitter.com/QNetOfficial
https://www.youtube.com/user/QNETofficial
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.qnet.estore.android&hl=en
https://www.facebook.com/QNETIndiaOfficial
The document describes a countertop water filtration system called HomePure Eaze. It has a stylish European design, push button operation, and filters water using a 5-stage filtration system to remove impurities. It needs simple installation by connecting a hose to the water supply and has an easy filter replacement system that takes only 3 minutes.
Presentation on technology and solutions in the WASH sector given during the Fall 2011 semester at Emory University for the class 'Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Developing Countries" (GH 529).
The document introduces a Portable Potable Purifier (PPP) that can purify municipal tap water to match the purity of home water purifiers. It uses hollow cylindrical ultra filtration membranes that require only 2-3 psi of pressure to filter out unwanted chemicals, microorganisms, and impurities. The PPP was motivated by experiences of travelers facing issues with impure water. It collects tap water, pressurizes it, then filters it through micro and ultra filtration membranes and activated carbon before collecting purified water for drinking. Being small, lightweight, and not requiring electricity, the PPP has applications for water treatment, management, and preventing water-borne diseases anywhere in rural or urban areas.
The document summarizes LivingWater, a home water ionizer system that produces alkaline water. It describes how LivingWater filters, ionizes, and optimizes tap water to deliver healthier, alkalized water. LivingWater balances the water's pH and provides hydrating water with antioxidant properties to support overall health and wellness. It offers an affordable alternative to expensive bottled water while producing potentially significant savings over time.
Lindsey Therese Matidios
Logs and handles cash sales
and purchases.
Monitors the business
operations.
Records daily transactions.
Prepares reports for the
manager.
Handles customer inquiries
and complaints.
Assists in marketing and
promotional activities.
Performs clerical duties such
as filing, photocopying,
faxing, etc.
Maintains office supplies and
inventory.
Performs other tasks assigned
by the manager.
Qualifications:
- College degree in Business
Administration or related
course
- At least 1
The document discusses a Water Station Management Suite (WSMS) software solution. It outlines the agenda which includes what WSMS is, common water station problems, how WSMS addresses those problems, benefits of WSMS, a comparison to other products, costing details, and a question and answer section. WSMS is presented as an automated solution that can help manage customer records, sales, inventory, finances and other operations. It claims to provide benefits like business intelligence, proactivity, and optimizing resources.
Philips India Ltd. is a subsidiary of Royal Philips focused on improving lives through meaningful innovation in healthcare, consumer lifestyle, and lighting. It has taken various initiatives to serve rural India, such as developing affordable solar lighting products, a powerless radio, and a smokeless cooking stove. It also launched several healthcare programs like DISHA which uses a mobile clinic and Asha Jyoti for women's health screenings using a mobile van. Philips aims to make healthcare technologies like colposcopy easier for less experienced clinicians to use to improve access in rural areas.
Targeting And Positioning In Rural MarketNishit Mehta
The document discusses targeting and positioning strategies for rural markets, noting that targeting involves evaluating and selecting market segments based on factors like profitability and growth rate. It also covers positioning strategies like differentiating products and services, and positioning brands in consumers' minds by identifying differences and communicating them effectively. Rural consumers were surveyed to determine the most attractive segments and positioning strategies for soap brands Lifebuoy and HealthPlus.
Food safety management system for fast food chain krunal solanki
The document outlines a food safety management system for a concept restaurant in Switzerland. It includes 7 steps for planning and designing the system, covering introduction to global food safety standards, assessment of prerequisites, management implementation, HACCP planning, training, auditing, and more. Procedures are defined for hygiene, training, facility design, pest control, and ensuring food safety in storage, preparation, service, and supplier selection. The goal is to create a comprehensive system that trains employees and monitors all aspects of food handling to prevent foodborne illness.
This document provides an executive summary and table of contents for a project report on rural marketing. The executive summary discusses the evolution of thinking around rural marketing in India, from initially viewing rural and urban markets similarly to recognizing the need for a distinct rural marketing approach. It notes that factors beyond just income differentiate rural and urban India, requiring a tailored understanding of rural markets. The table of contents then outlines 15 sections that will be covered in the project report, including the nature of rural markets, rural consumer behavior, marketing strategies for rural markets, and media vehicles for promoting to rural audiences.
Jalli's Restaurant is a proposed new restaurant in Bangalore, India. It will have indoor and outdoor dining areas serving Hyderabadi biryani, Chinese, Indian, and continental cuisine. The restaurant aims to provide efficient customer service and establish itself as a unique concept in the area. It will be located in Banshankari Stage III, a residential area near colleges and computer cafes that currently lacks restaurants serving its cuisine. The restaurant expects to attract youth, families, and couples aged 15-50 and reach break-even point within 1.3 years of opening.
PRINCIPLES OF FOOD SANITATION, SAFETY & HYGIENEBean Malicse
The document discusses principles of food sanitation, safety, and hygiene. It covers key definitions, the importance of food safety, causes of foodborne illness including cross-contamination and time-temperature abuse. It also discusses potentially hazardous foods and understanding microorganisms like bacteria, conditions needed for bacteria to grow, and how to control bacterial growth in food. The primary goals of food sanitation are cleanliness, preventing contamination, and destroying harmful bacteria through proper cooking and handling of food.
The Business Model Canvas is a strategy and innovation tool to visualize, challenge, and invent business models.
It is outlined in the book Business Model Generation http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com
Venture Design Workshop: Business Model CanvasAlex Cowan
These slides support the various workshops I do and my online curriculum in two principal places:
1. Business Model Canvas Tutorial
This is a more fully articulated instructional, complete with templates: bit.ly/nicebmc.
2. Startup Sprints
This is a structured self-service for Venture Design/new venture creation: bit.ly/startupsprints.
This document provides a business plan for a new restaurant to be opened in Bangalore, India. It outlines objectives to keep food costs below 35% of revenue, promote the unique concept, expand marketing, ensure customer satisfaction and a healthy environment. The plan details the restaurant's mission to combine varied cuisine with excellent service in an eclectic atmosphere. Key factors for success include unique products, quality control, employee retention and cost control. The plan provides details on the restaurant's concept, location, operations, menu, management team, marketing strategy, finances and future goals.
This presentation is based on the top seller book "Business Model Generation" by Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur. This book introduces the Business Model Canvas, the world's leading tool in creating and analyzing business models. This great tool allows you to sketch out your business model visually without starting with a scary business plan.
You can take my online course which covers more content, examples, quizzes, challenges and provides a certificate of completion.
Get course discounts and learn more:
www.playtactic.com
I hope you find this beneficial and good luck on your business model ;)
The students created a water purifier to address water scarcity and conservation. Their purifier uses activated charcoal, polyfil, and alum stone to mechanically and chemically filter water from a washing machine. It can purify 2-3 loads of washing machine water, raising the pH from acidic to a level suitable for plants but not human consumption. The project aims to educate about water conservation and reduce water waste.
This document discusses the technique of using bleaching powder to sterilize water and purify it for drinking. It provides background on the need for water purification, the history of water purification techniques including the discovery of using chlorine and bleaching powder, and how bleaching powder works as a disinfectant by killing pathogens. The document also discusses some of the benefits and drawbacks of using bleaching powder to purify water on a large scale.
This document provides an overview of a lesson about water and water conservation. The lesson covers where water comes from, how it is treated and distributed to homes through water utilities, and ways for people to save water. It includes information on how much water the average person uses each day, the costs of tap water versus bottled water, and how individuals can be better stewards of water resources.
This document discusses a chemistry investigatory project on sterilizing water using bleaching powder. It provides background on the need for water purification and sterilization techniques. The project examines using bleaching powder as a disinfectant to purify water and make it safe for drinking. It covers the history of water purification using chlorine, describes how bleaching powder is produced and used for sterilization, and outlines the experimental procedure and results of testing this technique.
This document describes an investigatory project on sterilizing water using bleaching powder. It discusses the need for water purification, provides background on bleaching powder and its use in water treatment. The experiment aims to determine the dosage of bleaching powder required to disinfect different water samples. The procedure involves preparing a bleaching powder solution, using it to treat water samples, and titrating to determine residual chlorine and required dosage. The results will show the amount of bleaching powder needed to disinfect 1 liter of each water sample.
Evolution of Drinking Water Quality and its Filtration Process in India.pptxkitz filters
Though the home-based water filtration process in the form of boiling water was adopted, it was not totally a success. Slowly, with time; a Drinking water filter got introduced in the market which proved to be a boon. The purified form of water was not only popular for domestic purposes but also helpful in increasing the longevity of appliances.
PM SHREE SCHOOL chemistry investigatory project.pptxsanrockybhai569
This document describes a student's chemistry investigatory project on sterilizing water using bleaching powder. The project involved determining the dosage of bleaching powder needed to disinfect different water samples. Through experiments, the student found that adding a few drops of bleaching powder per quantity of water and allowing it to sit for 30 minutes was effective at killing bacteria in the water, making it safe for drinking. The project was completed under the guidance of the student's chemistry teacher and aimed to establish a stable water purification technique.
This document provides details of a project report on a pedal and solar operated water purifier developed by a group of students. It includes an introduction outlining the need for the project, literature review on previous related works, and description of the methodology and components used to fabricate the water purification system. The system is designed to operate without electricity by utilizing human power from pedaling to run the purification process through a dynamo, battery, and filter unit. The goal is to develop a low-cost portable water purification solution for use in remote areas.
Running Head BOTTLED WATER1BOTTLED WATER12Title.docxsusanschei
This document summarizes three experiments that tested water quality. The first experiment showed that soil can effectively filter out contaminants like oil, vinegar, and detergent from water. The second experiment showed that water treatment processes using sand, charcoal and other filters can decontaminate contaminated water. The third experiment tested tap water, Dasani bottled water and Fiji bottled water and found that tap water had the highest levels of contaminants measured, while Fiji had the lowest, supporting the hypothesis. Overall, the experiments demonstrated that natural and water treatment processes can filter water to safe drinking levels.
The usage of peperomia pellucida to eliminate bacteriaEmmanuelSantiago18
This document describes a research study that will test the effectiveness of Peperomia pellucida, a medicinal plant, in eliminating bacteria from water. The researcher will prepare extracts from the plant using infusion and Soxhlet extraction methods. These extracts will be added to bowls of water containing Legionella and coliform bacteria. The amount of bacteria remaining in the water will then be analyzed under a microscope and compared to a control bowl without the plant extract. If the extracts eliminate or reduce the bacteria, it could provide a natural and inexpensive way to cleanse water of harmful microbes.
The document summarizes a study on water quality in Cambodia. It discusses high rates of water-borne illness and infant mortality due to dirty drinking water. The study involved surveying villagers about their water sources and habits, collecting water samples, and testing the samples in a lab. The results showed that households using bio-sand filters still got sick as often as those without, and that well water had the lowest microbial count compared to other sources. In conclusion, bio-sand filters did not significantly improve water quality.
This document provides an overview of water quality and safety. It discusses the importance of drinking water, recommended daily water intake amounts, potential water contaminants including bacteria, chemicals, and minerals, and sources of drinking water like tap, well, bottled, and public water systems. It also covers water treatment methods, potential health effects of contaminants, and maintaining water system infrastructure.
This document summarizes the results of a study analyzing the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of sachet water samples from four depots in Kano, Nigeria. The samples were tested for pH, turbidity, conductivity, total solids, alkalinity, hardness, bacteria, heavy metals, and anions. Most parameters were within WHO guidelines, indicating the water was generally safe for consumption. While some samples contained low levels of metals like copper, zinc, and iron, concentrations did not exceed permitted limits. No bacteria or E. coli were detected, showing an absence of fecal contamination. In conclusion, the sachet water quality was found to meet recommended standards for potable water.
Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analyses of Sachets Water Samples in Kano...IOSR Journals
Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of sachets water samples in Kano metropolis were
carried out using standard procedures to assess the quality of such water consumed in the area. Samples were
collected from four different water depots in different parts of Kano metropolis. The results showed variations in
the concentrations of the analyzed parameters in the water samples. The pH values ranged from 6.97±0.20 to
7.25±0.33; Electrical Conductivity ranged from 176 ±0.02 to 282±0.25μS/cm; Alkalinity ranged from 0.17±0.02
to 0.69±0.28 mg/l; Total solids were in the range of 100.30±0.25 to 157.34±0.30mg/l. Total Dissolved Solids
ranged from 67.80±0.30 to 84.70±0.23mg/l; Total Suspended Solids ranged from 15.60±0.36 to75.84±0.02mg/;
Total Hardness ranged from 85.00±0.03 to 103.00±0.20 mg/ and turbidity ranged from 0.60±0.21 to 2.23±0.32
NTU. Escherichia coli (E.coli) were not detected in all the samples. The levels of some of the anions analyzed
ranged from 0.03±0.00 mg/l NO2
- to 7.06 ±0.02 mg/l SO4
2-. Similarly, the levels of some of the heavy metals
analyzed ranged from 0.12±0.02mg/l Cu to 0.71±0.01mg/l Fe. Accordingly, the water samples were colourless
and odourless. In general, the concentrations of all the parameters analyzed in the samples were below or
within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, indicating that the sachets water were safe for
human consumption.
This document provides a summary of a project report on water testing and distribution for a civil engineering diploma. It discusses various aspects of the project including water sources, treatment processes, and distribution systems. Specifically, it examines intake wells and surface water sources, the treatment plant and processes for filtration, and the use of gravity-fed distribution to supply consumers. Water quality tests covered include pH, turbidity, hardness, chlorine residual, chlorides, and sulfates. The report also discusses infiltration works, groundwater sources, and pump houses and treatment works.
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1. UTILITY MODEL OF A
WATER PURIFIER
Kaye
Estacio
Louis Bryan Huertas
Jillian Bianca
Sacare
Jexter Jefferson
Soliguen
Ma. Jobbel Pacheco
2. Abstract
Poverty highly affects the health condition of a certain individual. Everyday,
everybody needs water to sustain their body with good health. Nowadays, water shortage
is very common among regions. Some uncivilized cities gets their supply of water from
wells, water pump, or by digging not knowing if it acquires a 100% potability. With the
current dilemma developing, the researchers came up of constructing a utility model of a
water purifier in order to combat this cause knowing that the availability of materials is at
hand locally and indigenously.
• Is Carbon really an effective source that can purify water?
• Yes, it works with the process called adsorption in which it makes pollutant molecules in
the fluid to be treated, entrapped inside the pore structure of the carbon substrate.
• Would/Can it purify water from water pumps or shallow wells and give a consistent
potability?
• Basically it can provide drinkable water by following the process exactly and by making
sure that the materials used, may it be indigenous or not is clean and safe to use.
3. INTRODUCTION
• True, water is something that people couldn’t live without. As for
planet earth, three fourths (3/4) of its body is comprised by water---
same to human beings and other living things. In view of this, the
researchers see a lot of concern as to the potability which is the
primary matter of finding innovative ways. The researchers decided to
find ways and means on how to address those concerns. From data’s
gathered, the researchers had come up to the conclusion for the
development of a utility model of a water purifier. Indeed this might
as well serve as a solution as per needs of eradicating water borne
diseases. With this, water plays a major role for life.
4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• Why settle for a very expensive water purifier when people would
know how to construct one easily with the aid of observations and
testing? With this at hand, the researchers had come up to the
following questions:
• General Question:
Is the product effective enough to purify water?
5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• Specific Questions:
• Are the materials to be built available?
• Is it affordable enough compared to other commercialized purifiers or
other water purifier improvisations?
• Can it be used daily without affecting its durability?
• Is Carbon really an effective source which contributed much to the
aforementioned water purifier?
6. OBJECTIVES
General Objective:
• To build a utility model of a water purifier using activated carbon as alternative source.
•
Specific Objectives
• To construct a system of low cost.
• To know if the product is effective or safe to use.
• To know how much activated carbon is needed in order to make the product function
properly.
• To know how much volume of water it can fill in a certain period of time.
• To successfully observe if it purified the water to a 100% potability.
7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• For the past decade until these days, so much pollutant has penetrated to
water sources for human and animal consumption. Admit it or not but the
truth is even the Water district that is supposed to supply potable water to
the populace doesn’t even deliver it to a 100% potability. much more on
the rural and sub-urban areas wherein the water supply depends only on
shallow wells. Hence, water borne diseases are basically rampant as per
data’s taken by health centers. From this point of view, the researchers
decided to construct a system to address this common problem. This is a
system the researchers decided to call as a utility model of a water purifier
using activated carbon as alternative source to serve as a multi-faucet as to
serve not only for safe drinking, but also to cover both bath and laundry to
a certain household
8. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
• The utility model of a water purifier can be built in one day. Indigenous but
clean materials can really help for the financial demands in making the
product. Prior to the product’s effect, it can only purify a form of water. Not
juices, alcohols, or soft drinks. The researchers experimented on purifying
soft drinks and alcohols and the result was placid just like the result of
purifying normal water. But, despite of the physical characteristics
observed as the researchers tried to purify the soft drinks and alcohol, the
water purified left an insignificant odor which means that there is still
chemicals left at the water. It signifies that the product is only appropriate
and applicable to water---and not any other variants. The product’s
extremity is mainly focused in purifying non potable drinking water and not
for other liquids. Thus, it pertains that in order to observe the safeness of
the product, water should be the only one tested and experimented
9. CHAPTER 3
Methodology
MATERIALS QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
Empty Plastic Pail with
cover
1pc. (8 – 10 gallons
capacity)
Nylon String 1 spool
Solvent Cement 100 cc
Fine mesh nylon
screen
Half meter
10. Black Pebbles (5 mm) 1 Hale Can
Activated Carbon 3 sacks
Faucet 1pc.
Steel (For the Stand) 4 pcs. (1 meter each)
Empty Chlorine Container or
Water Jag
2 pcs.
Pvc ball valve (Half in diameter) 4pcs.
Pvc pipe 1 length = 3m (Half in diameter)
11. Pvc female adaptor 2 pcs
Pvc male adapter 2 pcs.
Chemical Hose (¾ in diameter) 1pc.
1 meter
Chlorine Granules 1/8 kilo
12. PROCEDURES:
• Purchase or Collect all the materials needed.
• Congregate lateral pipes.
• Install lateral pipes and filter to chlorine container.
• Overlay pebbles to cover filter.
• Overlay on top of pebbles activated carbon to decide height.
• Install the container cover and seal it.
• Connect pail by using chemical hose to supply line of the unit.
• Secure Chemical Hose line using hose clip.
• Load water to fill container to serve as day tank.
• Open the solution valve then open the faucet.
• Let water flow until the water becomes still.
• Continue the refilling of water to the supply tank.
13. CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Type of Water 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial
Fresh Water
(Water pump) Neutral Neutral Neutral
Tap Water
(BACIWA)
Neutral Neutral Neutral
14. In Table 1, it shows the results about the pH Level (Base) of the water
that was purified by the product. Using a litmus paper, the researchers
have detected if the water contains any acid or base. The pH Scale goes
from 0-14. Acids have pH values between 0 and 7 and bases have pH
values between 7 and 14. Consistently, on the first trial up to the third
trial, the red litmus paper didn’t change its color---which means that
the pH Value is 7. With its result, the water purified is neutral
15. Table 2
“The Potability of the Water after Testing its pH Level (Acid).”
Type of Water 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial
Fresh Water
(Water Pump) Neutral Neutral Neutral
Tap Water
(BACIWA) Neutral Neutral Neutral
16. • In Table 2, it shows the results about the pH Level (Acid) of the water
that was purified by the product. On the first trial up to the last trial,
there was no acid in the water after the researchers found out that
the blue litmus paper didn’t change its color in each trial. With no
contradiction to the pH Level of the Base, the result was neutral
which means it has a pH Scale of 7 making the water safe to wash
with your hands or do the laundry.
17. Table 3
“The Effectiveness of the Water Purifier with
accordance to the Amount of water used to supply
the day tank.”
Amount of Water
Tap Water
(BACIWA)
Fresh Water
(Water Pump)
1 pail Not Effective Not Effective
2 pails Not Effective Not Effective
3 pails Effective Effective
18. • In Table 3, it shows how much water is needed to supply the day
tank. With the three pails supplied, the activated carbon can purify
the water. It is because that the process called adsorption makes
pollutant molecules in the fluid to be treated, entrapped inside the
pore structure of the carbon substrate. If only one to two pails are
filled inside the day tank, the water won’t be effectively purified
making it not potable to some extent.
19. Figure 1
“The PH Level of the Tap Water after each
Consecutive Trial”
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial
PH Level of the
Tap Water
20. Figure 2
“The PH Level of the Fresh Water after each
Consecutive Trial”
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial
The PH level of the fresh water
from the water pump.
21. Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
• Summary
• The study bore a good result of making a Utility model of a
Water Purifier. Nowadays, water plays a very important role to
people. Unclean water contributes a dilemma if it is widely spread
and not purified. With the water purifier, it can reduce the chance of
having communicable diseases, unpleasant surroundings, and
morbidity. The study successfully met the expectations of it being
effective. With the aid of indigenous materials, the water purifier will
be affordable making it also useful in purifying water.
22. Conclusions
• The researchers had concluded that the Utility Model of a Water
Purifier is truly beneficial to the environment. With water one of the
world’s major problems; this purifier can help the world become pleasant
and clean. The group also concluded that it can purify water using three
pails supplied at the day tank. It also can purify water making it safe to
drink, or to wash hands. Its pH Scale is 7 which means it is neutral making it
clear that it is clean and pure. The product successfully met the desired
expectations that it is inexpensive, effective, environmental-friendly, and it
can cleanse stagnant water. This concludes that it is safe to use, free from
harm and prevents the spreading of unpurified water used throughout the
region. Many people can be a benefactor of this product for it saves time,
money, and effort. With just the presence of carbon, the process can be
done cleanly making the model work successfully, cleansing harmful
substances.
23. RECCOMENDATIONS
• If the people wants to make the world a better place to live at, this
purifier is one solution. With the major problem in the community
raging and continuously spreading internationally, many
disadvantages are likely to occur due to the fact that water can
transmit diseases and make the environment not friendly enough to
humanity. By using the purifier, the following recommendations are
further expected:
24. • Indigenous Materials are required in order to save and refrain from
high prices. But make sure it is clean and safe to use.
• Make sure to supply the day tank every time the purifier will be used.
• Check every pipe if it has holes.
• If a sample of the dirty substances is required, open the Drain Valve.
• If there is no plastic can to act as the day tank, use a water container
or the container which is the same at the supply tank instead.
• Never try alcohols like beers on the water purifier for it can not be
purified well due to the product’s extremity.
26. Letting the
water flow while
undergoing the process
of cleaning.
The Difference of the water
from the time when it is not
purified up until it was
cleansed.