The document discusses the crisis, economic recession, and culture of 17th century Spain. It describes thousands dying from famine and plague, the expulsion of Moriscos, wars, and emigration to America. Agriculture suffered from drought and floods while crafts declined due to imports. Trade declined and kings fell into debt. Spanish society encouraged idleness among nobles who lived lavishly off rents while high taxes ruined others. It also briefly mentions the rise of French power under Louis XIV and features of Baroque architecture, art, and culture.

1. The Crisis
• Thousands of people
died as a result of bad
harvest and outbreaks of
the plague
• The expulsion of the
Moriscos
• Deaths caused by the
frequent wars
• Emigration to America by
people seeking a better
life in a New World.

2. Economic recession
• Agriculture suffered a
severe crisis caused by
droughts and floods ,
and farming practices.
• Craftsmanship declined
as cheaper products
were imported from
Northern Europe.
• Trade declined and kings
went increasingly into
debt and often had to
declare bankruptcy

3. An impoverished , unproductive
society
• The values of European
society encouraged an
inactive life . The nobles
who lived off rents from
their lands were
admired.
• In Spain, precious metals
from the Americas had
made the nobles very
rich.
• They lived in luxury,
while high prices and
taxes ruined industry
and agriculture.

6. French Supremacy
• Luis XIV inherited the
throne of France in
1643, when he was
only four. Until 1661 the
royal favorite Cardinal
Mazarin ruled, but later
the monarch took over
himself.
• After the Treaty of
Westphalia of 1848
France became the
most powerful country
in Europe

9. What is Baroque?
Baroque is the name given to European culture in
the period which started in the 17th century and
lasted for most of the 18th century was influenced
by religious which had divided Europe.
In the Catholic countries , new attitudes were
reflected in intense spirituality, which affected
every area of life.
In Protestant countries , life was viewed in a more
individualistic way and economic success was
highly valued

10. Baroque Culture
All branches of culture flourished the
baroque period.(It was inspired in the
classical models like Renaissance)
Baroque artist wanted to portray
reality as it was, without hiding its
defects or idealising it.
Their works were full of movement
and contrast

12. FEATURES
• The Baroque style originated in Rome. After the
council of Trent
Where
• Popes decided to reconstruct the City to reinforce its
reputation as the centre of Christianity.
Why • It is a Counter-Reformation symbol
• Larges churches
• Squares were built together with avenues leading to
How the main religious buildings in the city

13. Features of Baroque Architecture:
Rich ornamentation on
facades , combining painting
, sculpture and architecture
Recesses and projections produce
light effects on facades, broken
pediments create areas of light and
shade
With curves lines and
Solomonic or spiral
columns
Rich and colorful materials,
such as colored marble

14. To attract the attention of
passers-by
Solomonic columns
Retablo de S.Esteban Salamanca

15. Authors : Francesco Borromini
1. A keen student of the
architecture of Michelangelo
and the ruins of Antiquity
2. Borromini developed an
inventive and distinctive.
3. He employs manipulations of
Classical architectural forms,
geometrical rationales in his
plans and symbolic meanings
in his buildings.
4. Borromini was so melancholic
and quick in temper which
resulted in him withdrawing
from certain jobs, and his
death was by suicide.
San Carlos de las 4 Fuentes , Borromini

16. 1. He was the
architect chosen by the
Popes to carry out the
most imaginative
projects.
2.He redesigned Saint
Peter´s Square with
two great colonnades.
3-He also designed
the baldachin, or
pillared canopy , inside
Basilica y Plaza de San
the basilica.
Pedro
4- He makes fun of
Borromini with his
font of the four rivers
San Andrés del Quirinal

18. Baroque in the rest of Europe
• 1. Baroque architecture was
characterized by rich
ornamentation, both outside
and inside buildings in Spain
• 2. A notable architect of
times was José Churriguera
.He was famous for his
extravagant style, known as
Churrigueresque.
• 3.A typical aspect of Spanish
baroque was the
construction of town squares
, like the one in Salamanca
• 4.The Baroque of the palaces
in Spain was very important.