The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states from 490 BC to 479 BC. Key battles included the Persians defeating the Greeks at Eretria but the Greeks winning at Marathon. Over a decade later, Xerxes led a massive Persian invasion of Greece but the Greeks were victorious at Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea. The wars resulted in Greek independence and the formation of the Delian League led by Athens for mutual defense against Persia.
The Minoan civilization arose on the island of Crete around 1700 BC and lasted until around 1100 BC. It was a highly advanced Bronze Age civilization that was rediscovered in the early 20th century through archaeological excavations. The Minoans built large palatial complexes that served administrative and religious functions. They engaged in extensive overseas trade and spread Minoan culture throughout the Aegean Sea. Minoan society placed great emphasis on art, architecture, and leisure activities like sports. The Minoan civilization declined around 1100 BC, possibly due to a volcanic eruption or invasion.
The document discusses two ancient civilizations - the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans were the first civilization in Greece, centered on the island of Crete with their main palace located at Knossos. They heavily influenced later Greek culture. The Mycenaeans were the first civilization on the Greek mainland, based around the city of Mycenae. They built an empire through trade and conquest, and engaged in wars with Troy that inspired later Greek myths. Both civilizations declined - the Minoans from disasters and the Mycenaeans from wars and invasions.
The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of Crete between approximately 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE. They developed an advanced, centralized society with large palaces that administered outlying towns and villages. Minoan art, architecture, and technology were highly advanced for the Bronze Age. The Minoan civilization declined rapidly around 1500 BCE, possibly due to the eruption of the Thera volcano and an invasion by the Mycenaeans.
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264BC to 146BC. In the First Punic War, Rome fought Carthage for control of Sicily and other Mediterranean islands, eventually defeating Carthage at sea in 241BC. The Second Punic War saw the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal march across Spain and the Alps to invade Italy, fighting Rome for 15 years until being recalled to defend Carthage and being defeated by Scipio in 202BC. The Third Punic War resulted in Rome destroying the city of Carthage entirely in 146BC, expanding Rome's control of the Mediterranean world.
The document summarizes aspects of democracy and government in ancient Greece, focusing on Athens and Sparta. It describes how Solon and Cleisthenes reformed the governments in Athens to establish democracy. It also outlines Spartan society, where all citizens were trained as soldiers from a young age. Spartan rule relied on subjugated populations like the Helots to support the economy through farming.
The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states from 490 BC to 479 BC. Key battles included the Persians defeating the Greeks at Eretria but the Greeks winning at Marathon. Over a decade later, Xerxes led a massive Persian invasion of Greece but the Greeks were victorious at Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea. The wars resulted in Greek independence and the formation of the Delian League led by Athens for mutual defense against Persia.
The Minoan civilization arose on the island of Crete around 1700 BC and lasted until around 1100 BC. It was a highly advanced Bronze Age civilization that was rediscovered in the early 20th century through archaeological excavations. The Minoans built large palatial complexes that served administrative and religious functions. They engaged in extensive overseas trade and spread Minoan culture throughout the Aegean Sea. Minoan society placed great emphasis on art, architecture, and leisure activities like sports. The Minoan civilization declined around 1100 BC, possibly due to a volcanic eruption or invasion.
The document discusses two ancient civilizations - the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans were the first civilization in Greece, centered on the island of Crete with their main palace located at Knossos. They heavily influenced later Greek culture. The Mycenaeans were the first civilization on the Greek mainland, based around the city of Mycenae. They built an empire through trade and conquest, and engaged in wars with Troy that inspired later Greek myths. Both civilizations declined - the Minoans from disasters and the Mycenaeans from wars and invasions.
The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of Crete between approximately 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE. They developed an advanced, centralized society with large palaces that administered outlying towns and villages. Minoan art, architecture, and technology were highly advanced for the Bronze Age. The Minoan civilization declined rapidly around 1500 BCE, possibly due to the eruption of the Thera volcano and an invasion by the Mycenaeans.
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264BC to 146BC. In the First Punic War, Rome fought Carthage for control of Sicily and other Mediterranean islands, eventually defeating Carthage at sea in 241BC. The Second Punic War saw the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal march across Spain and the Alps to invade Italy, fighting Rome for 15 years until being recalled to defend Carthage and being defeated by Scipio in 202BC. The Third Punic War resulted in Rome destroying the city of Carthage entirely in 146BC, expanding Rome's control of the Mediterranean world.
The document summarizes aspects of democracy and government in ancient Greece, focusing on Athens and Sparta. It describes how Solon and Cleisthenes reformed the governments in Athens to establish democracy. It also outlines Spartan society, where all citizens were trained as soldiers from a young age. Spartan rule relied on subjugated populations like the Helots to support the economy through farming.
Zeus was the king of the gods who ruled the sky. Poseidon ruled the sea with his trident and Hades ruled the underworld and could make people invisible with his cap. Demeter was the goddess of agriculture and seasons, Hera was the queen of the gods and goddess of marriage, and Hestia was the goddess of the hearth. Their children included Ares the god of war, Athena the goddess of wisdom and warfare, Artemis the goddess of the hunt, Apollo the god of the sun, Hephaestus the god of fire and blacksmith, Hermes the messenger, and Aphrodite the goddess of love.
HUM-100: PREHISTORY, MESOPOTAMIA, AND EGYPT (PT. 1)Francisco Pesante
Objectives:
1. Identify significant world events from Prehistory, ancient Mesopotamia, and ancient Egypt.
2. Identify example of the humanities in ancient civilizations, such as art, architecture, philosophy, music, and literature.
3. Identify major key examples from the humanities that reflect developments in world events and cultural patterns in Prehistory, ancient Mesopotamia, and ancient Egypt.
Ancient Rome was located in central Italy near the Tiber River. It expanded through farming and military conquest during the Punic Wars against Carthage. Rome's location and resources like the Tiber River helped its growth and trade. Society was divided between patricians and plebeians. The Roman Republic developed a tripartite government that was later corrupted, leading to the rise of Julius Caesar as emperor who restored order. The Roman economy relied on farming, trade, and a stable currency until excessive military spending caused issues.
Ancient Greek art and culture flourished for over a thousand years, beginning in the Mycenaean period and evolving through the Classical and Hellenistic eras. Notable developments include advancing from geometric to naturalistic styles of sculpture and the emergence of democracy and other systematic fields of thought in Classical Athens. Greek art and architecture emphasized ideals of beauty, balance, and proportion that strongly influenced Western civilization.
Ancient Rome was located on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River, situated on seven hills which provided strategic advantages. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC after Romans overthrew their Etruscan rulers. Power was shared between the patrician nobility and the plebeians, though plebeians gained more rights over time. Rome expanded through conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean region, destroying the rival city of Carthage. Internal conflicts emerged between those wishing to maintain the status quo and those pushing for reforms as wealth inequality grew.
This is a presentation I made on Mayan Religion.This one goes out to all the CBSE class XII students who are suffering. I nearly killed myself making this ppt along with a project file, and I really don't want anyone else going through the pain. Who in gods name asks 16 year old's to make a ruddy 50 paged project on a dead religion? That too without the use of wikipedia? If any one is in need of the entire 42 paged project file on Mayan religion, please email me and i'll send it to you.
- Ancient Greece was made up of mountainous peninsulas and islands, which caused small independent communities to develop with different ways of life and encouraged political participation and conflict.
- The Minoan civilization on Crete was established by 2800 BC and traded by sea, but suffered a catastrophe around 1450 BC possibly due to volcanic eruption or invasion.
- The Mycenaeans established fortified city-states with warrior aristocracies from 1100-1000 BC and developed trade networks, before their civilization collapsed around 1100 BC after invasions.
The document discusses three ancient Aegean cultures - the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures. It provides details on the Cycladic culture centered on the Cyclades Islands, known for its marble figurines. It then discusses the Minoan culture based in Crete, the largest of the Aegean islands, which was dominated by its palace centers and extensive trade networks. Finally, it discusses the Mycenaean culture of mainland Greece, which was influenced by the Minoans.
The document provides an overview of the ancient Aegean civilizations including the Cycladic and Minoan cultures. It describes that the Cycladic culture was based in the Cyclades Islands and produced marble figurines found in graves. The Minoan culture was based on the island of Crete and built large palace centers around 1700 BCE, developing a sophisticated, trade-oriented civilization without a strong military presence. It further details aspects of Minoan art, architecture, migration, and the timeline from the First Palace Period with descriptions of palaces found at Phaistos.
Zeus was the king of the gods who ruled the sky. Poseidon ruled the sea with his trident and Hades ruled the underworld and could make people invisible with his cap. Demeter was the goddess of agriculture and seasons, Hera was the queen of the gods and goddess of marriage, and Hestia was the goddess of the hearth. Their children included Ares the god of war, Athena the goddess of wisdom and warfare, Artemis the goddess of the hunt, Apollo the god of the sun, Hephaestus the god of fire and blacksmith, Hermes the messenger, and Aphrodite the goddess of love.
HUM-100: PREHISTORY, MESOPOTAMIA, AND EGYPT (PT. 1)Francisco Pesante
Objectives:
1. Identify significant world events from Prehistory, ancient Mesopotamia, and ancient Egypt.
2. Identify example of the humanities in ancient civilizations, such as art, architecture, philosophy, music, and literature.
3. Identify major key examples from the humanities that reflect developments in world events and cultural patterns in Prehistory, ancient Mesopotamia, and ancient Egypt.
Ancient Rome was located in central Italy near the Tiber River. It expanded through farming and military conquest during the Punic Wars against Carthage. Rome's location and resources like the Tiber River helped its growth and trade. Society was divided between patricians and plebeians. The Roman Republic developed a tripartite government that was later corrupted, leading to the rise of Julius Caesar as emperor who restored order. The Roman economy relied on farming, trade, and a stable currency until excessive military spending caused issues.
Ancient Greek art and culture flourished for over a thousand years, beginning in the Mycenaean period and evolving through the Classical and Hellenistic eras. Notable developments include advancing from geometric to naturalistic styles of sculpture and the emergence of democracy and other systematic fields of thought in Classical Athens. Greek art and architecture emphasized ideals of beauty, balance, and proportion that strongly influenced Western civilization.
Ancient Rome was located on the Italian peninsula along the Tiber River, situated on seven hills which provided strategic advantages. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC after Romans overthrew their Etruscan rulers. Power was shared between the patrician nobility and the plebeians, though plebeians gained more rights over time. Rome expanded through conquest of Italy and the Mediterranean region, destroying the rival city of Carthage. Internal conflicts emerged between those wishing to maintain the status quo and those pushing for reforms as wealth inequality grew.
This is a presentation I made on Mayan Religion.This one goes out to all the CBSE class XII students who are suffering. I nearly killed myself making this ppt along with a project file, and I really don't want anyone else going through the pain. Who in gods name asks 16 year old's to make a ruddy 50 paged project on a dead religion? That too without the use of wikipedia? If any one is in need of the entire 42 paged project file on Mayan religion, please email me and i'll send it to you.
- Ancient Greece was made up of mountainous peninsulas and islands, which caused small independent communities to develop with different ways of life and encouraged political participation and conflict.
- The Minoan civilization on Crete was established by 2800 BC and traded by sea, but suffered a catastrophe around 1450 BC possibly due to volcanic eruption or invasion.
- The Mycenaeans established fortified city-states with warrior aristocracies from 1100-1000 BC and developed trade networks, before their civilization collapsed around 1100 BC after invasions.
The document discusses three ancient Aegean cultures - the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures. It provides details on the Cycladic culture centered on the Cyclades Islands, known for its marble figurines. It then discusses the Minoan culture based in Crete, the largest of the Aegean islands, which was dominated by its palace centers and extensive trade networks. Finally, it discusses the Mycenaean culture of mainland Greece, which was influenced by the Minoans.
The document provides an overview of the ancient Aegean civilizations including the Cycladic and Minoan cultures. It describes that the Cycladic culture was based in the Cyclades Islands and produced marble figurines found in graves. The Minoan culture was based on the island of Crete and built large palace centers around 1700 BCE, developing a sophisticated, trade-oriented civilization without a strong military presence. It further details aspects of Minoan art, architecture, migration, and the timeline from the First Palace Period with descriptions of palaces found at Phaistos.
The document provides an overview of the ancient Aegean civilizations including the Cycladic and Minoan cultures. It describes that the Cycladic culture arose on the Cyclades islands and was known for producing marble figurines. The Minoan civilization developed on the island of Crete around 1700 BCE and was centered around palace complexes. It discusses Minoan architecture, art, trade networks, and the timeline from the First Palace Period until the Palace at Phaistos around 1700 BCE.
The document provides an overview of Aegean civilizations from the Neolithic to Hellenistic periods. It describes the Minoan civilization that arose on Crete around 6000 BCE, with the palace center at Knossos ruled by the legendary King Minos. The Minoans engaged in extensive trade and developed advanced art, architecture, and infrastructure. Their written language, Linear A, has yet to be deciphered.
The Bronze Age saw the rise of two important civilizations in Greece - the Minoans on the island of Crete who built an advanced palace civilization at Knossos, and the Mycenaeans on the mainland who came to power after the Minoans declined due to natural disasters and may have contributed to their fall. Both civilizations left lasting legacies through their art, architecture, and myths, though they eventually fell due to invasions and the transition to the Iron Age.
The document provides an overview of the three ancient Aegean cultures - the Cycladics, Minoans, and Mycenaeans. It discusses their geographic locations, time periods of prominence, and artistic achievements. The Cycladics inhabited the Cyclades Islands and produced marble figurines. The Minoan civilization was based on Crete and reached its peak around 1700-1500 BCE, evidenced by their elaborate palaces at Knossos, Phaistos, and Malia. The Minoans excelled in pottery, frescoes, and international trade. The Mycenaeans inhabited mainland Greece and were influenced by Minoan and Cycladic cultures.
The document provides an overview of the ancient Aegean civilizations including the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures. It focuses on the Cycladic culture based in the Cyclades islands, known for marble figurines found in graves. It also details the highly sophisticated Minoan civilization that grew up around palace centers on Crete, oriented around trade and bureaucracy. Specific artifacts and sites discussed include the palace at Phaistos on Crete and the later palace at Knossos, uncovered by Sir Arthur Evans, which brought to light the previously unknown Minoan civilization.
Aegean art developed in the Bronze Age lands surrounding the Aegean Sea, including mainland Greece, the Cyclades Islands, and Crete. There were three main cultural periods: the Cycladic culture known for pottery decorated with geometric designs and silver jewelry; the Minoan culture on Crete which produced impressive palaces, frescoes, and early writing; and the Mycenaean culture which ended Minoan rule and created more formal geometric styles of pottery and weapons that anticipated classical Greek art.
The document summarizes art from the ancient Aegean cultures of the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean peoples between 3000-1000 BCE. It describes architectural features like frescoes, megarons, and citadels. Monumental art included female figurines from the Cyclades and the "Bull Leaping" fresco from Minoan Crete. Pottery like the Warrior Krater showed influences between the cultures. The Minoans built elaborate palaces like those at Knossos while the Mycenaeans constructed megaron buildings and shaft graves. Cultural interactions occurred among the Aegean peoples as well as with Egyptians.
The Mycenaeans originated from Central Asia and invaded the Greek mainland around 2000 BCE, conquering most of the Peloponnesian Peninsula. They built palatial complexes atop hilltops for protection and lived within the city walls in times of danger. Powerful kings ruled the Mycenaeans and gave land estates to those who deserved it, while most people were farmers or artisans. By 1800 BCE the Mycenaeans began trading with the Minoans and eventually overtook them, gaining control of the Mediterranean Sea by 1400 BCE. The Mycenaeans were fierce warriors who began conquering other lands. The epic Trojan War of the Middle 1200s BCE is chronicled in Homer's I
The document provides information about Cycladic art from the Cycladic Islands in the Aegean Sea. It describes distinct features of Cycladic art including small, simple female idols used for funerary purposes that ranged from 1 to 5 feet tall and had minimal facial features. A few male statues depicted musicians. The document also provides details about Minoan and Mycenaean art, including characteristics of Palace architecture and wall paintings at Knossos, distinctive features of Minoan pottery and figurines, and burial practices like beehive tombs and shaft graves.
The document discusses the ancient Minoan civilization that existed on the island of Crete from around 2800 BCE. The Minoans were Europe's first advanced civilization and were known for their elaborate palaces like the Palace of Knossos. The Minoans engaged in extensive overseas trade and their navy helped protect against pirates. Their civilization came to an end around 1450 BCE possibly due to a large tsunami or the invasion of the Mycenaeans from the Greek mainland.
The three Bronze Age civilizations that arose in the Aegean region were the Cycladic civilization on the Cycladic Islands, the Minoan civilization on Crete, and the Mycenaean civilization in Greece. The Minoans were renowned sea traders and their palace at Knossos featured impressive frescoes. Archaeological discoveries of these civilizations were made by Heinrich Schliemann in Greece and Sir Arthur Evans in Crete in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. Their artistic traditions included fresco painting, metalworking, and advanced architectural techniques like corbelled vaults.
The Mycenaeans originated from Central Asia and invaded the Greek mainland around 2000 BCE. They established kingdoms on fortified hilltops, with palaces surrounded by walls for protection. The Mycenaeans learned shipbuilding, navigation, and other skills from the Minoans of Crete, and eventually came to conquer the Minoans and control trade in the Mediterranean Sea by 1400 BCE. However, the Trojan War in the late 1200s BCE was costly for the Mycenaeans and left them vulnerable. Internal conflicts combined with earthquakes led to the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization by 1100 BCE.
The document discusses the early civilizations that influenced ancient Greece, including the Minoans of Crete and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans established an advanced civilization on Crete centered around their palace at Knossos. They engaged in extensive trade by sea. The Mycenaeans later dominated the Aegean region and engaged in the Trojan War as depicted in Homer's epics. After the fall of the Mycenaean civilization, Greek city-states began to rise and develop different forms of government in isolated areas separated by mountains and sea.
The Aegean Civilizations document summarizes the Bronze Age civilizations that existed around the Aegean Sea, including the Cyclades islands, Minoan Crete, and mainland Mycenaean civilization. It describes the architecture, art, and material culture of each region. The Minoans on Crete are highlighted, with details provided on their palace complexes like Knossos, wall paintings depicting scenes like bull leaping, and pottery styles like Kamares ware. Sculpture was also produced, including small figurines and the iconic Bull Leaper bronze group. The Mycenaeans on the mainland had citadel sites and megaron halls, reflecting their war-like society organized
The document discusses three prehistoric Aegean cultures - Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean - between 2500 BCE and 1100 BCE. The Cycladic people inhabited the Aegean islands beginning in 2500 BCE, followed by the Minoan civilization on Crete from 1500 BCE, and then the Mycenaean civilization on mainland Greece from 1200 BCE. The Minoan civilization declined after a volcanic eruption in 1450 BCE, and the Mycenaeans rose to power in its place until the Dorian Invasion in 1100 BCE ended the Mycenaean civilization and led to a dark age period. The document examines the art, architecture, materials, techniques, and intercultural influences of
This document provides an overview of Mycenaean and Archaic Greek art from around 2750 BCE to 480 BCE. It summarizes the rise and fall of the Mycenaean civilization between 3000 BCE and 1150 BCE, including their citadels, art, and influence from Minoan Crete. It also describes the Archaic period after 1200 BCE, featuring the development of kouros sculptures, black-figure and red-figure pottery styles, and pre-Socratic philosophers questioning reality.
The document summarizes the major Bronze Age cultures in the Aegean region: the Cycladic culture, Minoan culture, and Mycenaean culture. The Cycladic culture developed simple pottery and marble sculptures on the Cyclades islands beginning around 3000 BC. The Minoan culture arose on Crete around 2200 BC and was known for its palace complexes, frescoes, and naturalistic art. The Mycenaean culture developed on the Greek mainland after 1600 BC and is associated with massive stone architecture including tholos tombs and the Lion Gate of Mycenae.
Between 3000-1200 BC, three important civilizations flourished in the Aegean region: the Cycladic civilization on the Cyclades islands, the Minoan civilization on Crete, and the Mycenaean civilization on the Greek mainland. The Minoans were known for their palace at Knossos on Crete, which after an earthquake was rebuilt even more grandly in the New Palace period around 1700 BC. Minoan art showed naturalistic styles and was inspired by nature, as seen in frescoes depicting plants, animals, and rituals like bull leaping. The Mycenaeans on the mainland were known for their fortified citadels and shaft graves containing gold funeral masks and other
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8. MYTHOLOGY…
--CRETE WAS MINOS ‘ WIFE…
--CRETE WAS ONE OF THE NYMPHS OF THE GOD AMMON….
--CRETE..FROM CRIS,THE NAME OF THE SON OF DIAS AND
NIMPH IDA…
CRIS’ MOTHER’S NAME, IDA,
THE NAME OF THE HIHTEST (2.154m) MOUNTAIN OF CRETE.
9. End of Neolithic Cretan period……2600 b.C
DIKTI MOUNTAIN….CAVE TRAPEZA
28. HOMER :
7 CRETAN ANCIENT GREEK TOWN–STATES, UNDER IDOMENEAS AND MIRIONIS.
ON THE WAR OF TROI……
1.KNOSOS.
2.LIKTOS.
3.GORTIS.
4.MILITOS.
5.LIKASTOS.
6.FESTOS.
7. RITION.
40. Second Byzantine period……961-1204 a.C
Crete was the 11th, between the 64 Regions of
Byzantine State.
1204. Byzantine prince Alexios promissed Crete to
the 4° crusade,they gave Crete to Vonifate of
Momferate.
Vonifate sold the island to the Venetian Errico
Dandolo.....
41. Venetians ware buzzy on other colonies …..
Count of Malta Herico Pescatore attacked Crete…
1204 – 1210 a.C