IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The Effect of Information Technology, User Technical Skills, Education and Tr...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the effect of information technology, user technical skills,
education and training on the performance of the accounting information system of the Village Credit Institution
(LPD in Indonesia).This research was conducted at LPD Tegallalang District. Determination of the sample
using nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 45 samples.
The data collection method is to use a survey method by distributing questionnaires. The analysis technique
used is multiple regression analysis techniques. The results of the analysis obtained indicate that information
technology, user technical skills, education and training have a positive and significant effect on accounting
information system performance.
KEYWORDS: accounting information system perfomance, information technology, user technical skills,
education and training
The Impacts Of Learning Orientation Dimention As The Relation Antecedent Between The Capability Of Information Technology Towards The Information Quality Of Accounting Management And Uncertainty Of Technology As The Moderation Variable
The Effect of Information Technology, User Technical Skills, Education and Tr...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the effect of information technology, user technical skills,
education and training on the performance of the accounting information system of the Village Credit Institution
(LPD in Indonesia).This research was conducted at LPD Tegallalang District. Determination of the sample
using nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 45 samples.
The data collection method is to use a survey method by distributing questionnaires. The analysis technique
used is multiple regression analysis techniques. The results of the analysis obtained indicate that information
technology, user technical skills, education and training have a positive and significant effect on accounting
information system performance.
KEYWORDS: accounting information system perfomance, information technology, user technical skills,
education and training
The Impacts Of Learning Orientation Dimention As The Relation Antecedent Between The Capability Of Information Technology Towards The Information Quality Of Accounting Management And Uncertainty Of Technology As The Moderation Variable
The Effect Of Firm Size And Organizational Culture On The Quality Of Financial Reporting In Sharia Microfinancing Institution (Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil) (The Case Of Ex Banyumas Residency-Indonesia)
The Effects of Organizational Changes Towards Students' EmotionNada Rahmah Majied
This paper have been presented at 5th Global Conference Business and Social Science (GCBSS) organized by Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) at Bangsar South-Kuala Lumpur- Malaysia, 4-5 May, 2017.
Abstract:
Organizational change can produce a number of positive and negative emotional responses. This study uses the Theory of Emotional Contagion (Hatfield, Cacioppo & Rapson, 1993) where negative as well as positive feelings can be transferred to others. The aims of the study are to examine the effects of perception on technological change, leadership change and structural change towards students’ emotions; and to analyze the mediating effect of experience on perception and emotion resulting from organizational changes. The study employs the quantitative research design using the survey method with the self-administered questionnaire. A total of 223 respondents was collected from among the undergraduate students at a faculty in a public university who have faced organizational changes (technological, leadership and structural). Results reveal that perceptions of technology, leadership and structural changes are found to have moderate effects on students’ emotions. However, experiences of change partially mediate students’ emotion and perception of technological, leadership and structural changes. Experience with organizational changes affects students’ emotions badly. This implies that the Emotional Contagion Theory holds true for organizational changes as the hypotheses are supported.
The Rayon Office On Of Sub District, So The Head Of Rayon Office Receipt Part Of Authority Delegated From Sub District, And The Sub District Receipt Part Of Authority Delegated From The Local Government.
Many organizations and institutions are struggling to survive in a business and market environment
which is volatile and fierce, and thus they are doing everything within their means in their quest to keep the
motivation levels of their staff high and to ensure an increase in their competitiveness and an improvement in
performance. Several studies indicate that improved employee performance gives organizations an age over and
above the others in the same business
The Effect Of Firm Size And Organizational Culture On The Quality Of Financial Reporting In Sharia Microfinancing Institution (Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil) (The Case Of Ex Banyumas Residency-Indonesia)
The Effects of Organizational Changes Towards Students' EmotionNada Rahmah Majied
This paper have been presented at 5th Global Conference Business and Social Science (GCBSS) organized by Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) at Bangsar South-Kuala Lumpur- Malaysia, 4-5 May, 2017.
Abstract:
Organizational change can produce a number of positive and negative emotional responses. This study uses the Theory of Emotional Contagion (Hatfield, Cacioppo & Rapson, 1993) where negative as well as positive feelings can be transferred to others. The aims of the study are to examine the effects of perception on technological change, leadership change and structural change towards students’ emotions; and to analyze the mediating effect of experience on perception and emotion resulting from organizational changes. The study employs the quantitative research design using the survey method with the self-administered questionnaire. A total of 223 respondents was collected from among the undergraduate students at a faculty in a public university who have faced organizational changes (technological, leadership and structural). Results reveal that perceptions of technology, leadership and structural changes are found to have moderate effects on students’ emotions. However, experiences of change partially mediate students’ emotion and perception of technological, leadership and structural changes. Experience with organizational changes affects students’ emotions badly. This implies that the Emotional Contagion Theory holds true for organizational changes as the hypotheses are supported.
The Rayon Office On Of Sub District, So The Head Of Rayon Office Receipt Part Of Authority Delegated From Sub District, And The Sub District Receipt Part Of Authority Delegated From The Local Government.
Many organizations and institutions are struggling to survive in a business and market environment
which is volatile and fierce, and thus they are doing everything within their means in their quest to keep the
motivation levels of their staff high and to ensure an increase in their competitiveness and an improvement in
performance. Several studies indicate that improved employee performance gives organizations an age over and
above the others in the same business
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
“Remedies over the obstacles in implementing automation in indian infrastruct...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Stability and surface free energy analysis of a liquid drop on a horizontal c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Online social network mining current trends and research issueseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhancement of power quality by unified power quality conditioner with fuzzy ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of fiber distance on various sac ocdma detection techniqueseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The measurement model for outsourcing worker performance by middle and big cl...eSAT Journals
Abstract The quality of outsourcing workers has important role in improving the quality of the building work. The objectives of this research to determine the main factors that affect quality of outsourcing workers in an effort to improve the quality of construction carried out by the contractor. The study was conducted on 26 companies outsourcing labor contractors who have, through questionnaires and interviews. The results of this research with descriptive analysis, the method followed IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) and correlation analysis, it is recommended that increasing the quality of the work outsourced more influenced by three factors: 1) recruitment outsourcing, 2) orientation and training outsourcing, 3) motivation outsourcing. Motivation is the biggest factor in influencing the work in improving the quality of the building. Keywords - Performance, Outsourcing, Contractor, Building, Quality
A study on the applicability of quality circles to construction projectseSAT Journals
Abstract There is a rising need for infrastructural development in the city of Bangalore. As there are over 800 construction, civil engineering, building and development firms in and around the city, there is high competition. One of the factors which proves to be imperative in giving a competitive edge to these firms is good quality of their work among others like improved productivity and timely completion of their projects. Quality circles (QC) have been found to be a simple and productive technique of Total Quality Management (TQM) , despite having low cost of quality. Although QC is native to the production industry, it has been proposed to be implementable in construction industry. QC’s have never reportedly been used in the Indian construction industry. As the construction industry is significantly different from the production industry and the Indian organisational culture is also very different as compared to many countries like Japan where QC’s thrive, this paper seeks to analyse and study the applicability of QCs as an efficient TQM method to construction projects in and around Bangalore city. This paper seeks to accomplish this by highlighting the favourable conditions and hindrances that application of QC’s might face in Indian construction industry. The research methodology includes a detailed literature review and a questionnaire survey. The data was analysed using Index Average Method and percentage representations, both accompanied by descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis of the data obtained from the survey it was concluded that the Indian construction industry possesses various conditions which prove to be highly favourable towards the application of QC, however the temporary nature of the teams formed on construction projects, and the present organisational culture which might not support participative management have been found to be questionable conditions, which require improvement. Key Words: Quality Circles (QC), Total Quality Management (TQM), Participative Management, and Facilitator
A study of various factors affecting risk management techniques in constructi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Risk management is an important step which should not be neglect or ignore in every project. Because of various risk involved in construction, it is difficult to maintain time, cost and quality as planned. Project undertaken in the construction sector are widely complex and have often significant budgets, and thus reducing the risk associated should be a priority for each project manager. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the key risk factors that affect construction project. Questionnaires has been prepared incorporating of 50 difference questions after which questionnaire survey was conducted where the questions has been focused based on (component of questionnaire) the respondents were selected based on their susceptibility to the risk. The data was analyzed using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The result shows that the inadequate planning in construction project, poor adoption of site safety, supply and use of defective materials and poor resources management in construction project are all among the forefront key risk factors which affect construction project, meanwhile, effective recommendations have been developed to increases the efficiency, speedy and minimises risk and abortive work in construction project.
Keywords: Construction Industries, Construction Projects, Risks Management, Techniques
Improvement of construction labor productivity in chambal regioneSAT Journals
Abstract In construction industry labor cost 30 to 50% of total cost of project. In Chambal Region (M.P.) construction industry is facing the problems of low productivity. The aim of this study, therefore, is to identify and rank the relative importance of factors perceived to affect labor productivity on construction sites. To achieve this objective, professional such as Project Manager, Project Engineer, Site Engineer, Architect, Assistance Project Manager, Assistance Project Engineer and other who work on the project from management to execution level, were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey. In questionnaire, factors were divided in four primary groups such as (1) management; (2) technological; (3) human/labor; and (4) external. After the analysis of questionnaire we find top ten following factors which effect on construction labor productivity in Chambal Region such as : (1) Clarification in Technical Specifications; (2) Labor Supervisions; (3) Method of construction; (4) Delay in Payment; (5) Labor Fatigue; (6) lack of construction managers leadership; (7) extents of variations/change order during executions; (8) late arrival, early quit, and frequent unscheduled breaks; (9) Labor Skill; and (10) Availability of Experienced Labor. The results obtained can be used by construction professional to take care of labor productivity in construction projects.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Causes of delay in indian transportation infrastructure projectseSAT Journals
Abstract A survey on time performance of different types of construction projects in western Maharashtra was conducted to determine the causes of delay and their importance according to each of the project participants, i.e., the owner, consultant and the contractor. Sixty four causes of delay were identified during the research. It seems that the problem is common and notable as 72% of the total infrastructure projects reported by all the respondents were delivered late, whereas only 28% were completed on time. Clients’ respondents indicated that 59% of the public projects they were involved in were delivered late. Consultants’ respondents reported that 62% of the projects they were involved in were completed late. Contractors’ respondents also share the same view and articulated that 77% of the projects they are involved in exceeded the preset duration. The top five important causes of construction delays in transportation infrastructure projects are mainly Land Acquisition, Environmental Impact of the project, financial closure, Change orders by the client, Poor site management and supervision by contractor .Respondent’s opinion about the contribution towards the delay is 50 % respondent feels that delay in the construction in mainly due to the contractor. 40 % of respondent feel that client is mainly responsible for the delay in construction projects. And only 10 % of respondent feel that delay mainly occur due to consultant. It is evident that consultant as a mediator has less responsibility in construction delays. Keywords: Transportation infrastructure projects; Construction delays; Questionnaire survey; Relative importance index.
Application of ict benefits for building project management using ism modeleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Evaluate the effective resource management through pert analysiseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Evaluation of public procurement mechanism for sustainable development in ban...eSAT Journals
Abstract Transparency, accountability and efficiency in PPM is the vital requirement for sustainable development of all sectors of a developing country like Bangladesh. Developing countries utilize huge amount of their national budget in development projects through procurement of goods, works and services. For sustainable development, proper utilization of this huge amount of national budget must be ensured through establishing sound (PPM). This paper presents a study in PPM of Bangladesh and corresponding empirical outcomes with object oriented suggestions for sustainable development. Participant Observation Method, Case Study Method and Questionnaire techniques are used to collect primary data. Questionnaire comprising of 29 queries is administered among 60 respondents involved in public procurement. Author has been involved in public procurement mechanism, as member (TEC/PEC) and consultant for the last ten years to study the system as a participant & case study observer. Secondary data is collected from related books, journals and documents of GoB. Empirical outcomes and object oriented suggestions are obtained through analysis of data. Final outcomes are evaluated lacks, gaps, problems etc of existing PPM and specific suggestions for sustainable development in Bangladesh.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...
The construction labour shortage in johor bahru,
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 508
THE CONSTRUCTION LABOUR SHORTAGE IN JOHOR BAHRU,
MALAYSIA
Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid1
, Bachan Singh Besawa Jagar Singh 2
, Muhammad Shahrom Mazlan3
1,2
Senior Lecturer, 3
Project Engineer, Department of Structures and Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia.
rahimfka@gmail.com, bachan19@yahoo.com, matshah_125@yahoo.com.my
Abstract
Construction industry is one of the sectors that require the Labor intensive to fulfill the work site. However, we always hear the
problems related to the shortage of the construction workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study are to estimate the current shortage
composition of construction labor, to evaluate the problem faced by contractor when hired labor, to examine contractor method of
acquiring construction labor, and to investigate the strategies taken by contractor to overcome shortage of labor. The questionnaire
will be distributed to the 35 of construction site which targeting project representative that involved with construction site in Johor
Bahru district, Malaysia, in order to obtain their feedback related to this topic. The Johor Bahru district is located in the southern
part of Johor in the Malay Peninsula, separated from Singapore by Straits of Johor. The district covers an area of 1,871 km² and has
a population of over 2 million. The data will be analyzed using SPSS 16 in order to obtain average index, frequencies and percentage
calculation. The result obtained from analysis will be represent in data table, bar and pie chart. The result of this study indicates that
the current shortage and demand of the current construction are about 12.14% from the total labor workforce which is about 360
workers for 35 projects sites.
Keywords: Construction, Foreign Workers, Shortage, Strategies
----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The construction industry is among the most important
industries in the country that closely related to other economic
sectors. It is the capital goods industry to provide
infrastructure for other industries operation. The construction
industry also is a sector becomes the engine of economic
growth and most resources are used for national development
(Zakaria, M.Y, 2006)[1]. The construction project depends on
project resources. Among the most important resources is the
source of workers. Shortage of labor resources in Malaysia
resulting, the country depends on the labor workforce from
outside, especially from Indonesia [2, 3]. Scenarios for the
recruitment of foreign workers in the construction sector in
Malaysia not a new issue. Malaysia has started taking foreign
workers since the reign of the British. Malaysia is the biggest
net importer of labor in Asia with a migrant labor force of
around 2 million (21 percent of 9.5 million of the total work
force) as of 2010 (Migration News, 2011)[4]. Construction
was among the sectors which came to rely heavily on foreign
workers owing to a confluence of factors: Malaysian youth’s
aversion to low status work, an expanding manufacturing
sector which was offering much better employment
conditions, labor attrition, widening opportunities for tertiary
education, a lower birth rate and the emigration of Malaysian
workers to high-wage countries such as Japan and Singapore
(Abdul-Aziz, 1995)[5,6]. Datuk Ir. Hamzah Hasan, Chief
Executive, CIDB revealed that there are about 300,000 legal
foreign construction workers in addition to 391,006 local
workforce (43% of the total construction workers)( Malaysian
Construction Summit 2008)[7].
From the statistic show that the foreign workers involved in
construction sector is around 361,000 workers. From the
study conducted by CIDB about the status construction
workers and local which covered the skilled workers, semi
skilled workers and unskilled workers at construction site,
revealed that 52% (361,000 workers) are from foreigner
workers contributing to total workforce construction industry,
while 48% (333,000 workers) are local workers (CIDB &
CREAM, 2010)[8]. From the total foreign construction
workers (361,000 workers), (59%) from Indonesia, (13%)
Bangladesh and (28%) are from others country Nepal,
Myammar, India, Vietnam and Sri Langka. Through the study,
the more foreign workers employed in the private projects,
compared with projects under government tender.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The project under 10th
Malaysian Plan (10 MP) and Economic
Transformation Programmed including Mass Rapid Transit
(MRT) which costing over RM40 billion with required about
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 509
130,000 construction skilled workers of various manpower of
various trade both local and foreign workers to ensure
successful completion (CIDB News, 2011)[9].The Malaysian
construction industry has been experiencing a critical shortage
of workforce. Nowadays the local workers unable to fulfill the
demand of construction market from time being. This reason
caused the contractor willing to import foreign workers from
outside to meet the needs and requirement labor market in
construction sector. According to Kwan Foh Kwai the
President of MBAM (Master Builder Association of Malaysia)
mentioned that, shortage of skilled construction workers is
very crucial issues in construction industry (MBAM Online
News)[10]. Besides that, MBAM also stated that, the acute
shortage of skilled workers in the construction industry will
give negative impact towards the projects under Malaysian
Plan (10MP) and Economic Transformation Programmed (The
Star Online) [11].
Current topical issues relevant to the Malaysia construction
industry are the quality of workmanship. According to
REHDA (Real Estate Housing Developers’ Association
Malaysia quality of product including housing and building
are related directly to manpower and skilled. It seems that the
construction workers is failed to attract workers in skilled and
semi-skilled trades. The 3D perception has discouraged skilled
local workers in joining, resulting in a lot of job being
executed by the untrained construction workers. The important
issue from REHDA stated that, the skilled labor shortage is the
one of factor contributing of the increasing property price (The
Stars Newspaper, 2011)[12].
The aim of this master project is to study the current
construction labor shortage at construction projects in the
district of Johor Baharu, Malaysia. In order to achieve this
aim, four objectives are developed. The objectives are as
follow to estimate the current labor shortage at construction
sites, to evaluate the problem faced by contractor when hired
labor, to examine contractor method of acquiring construction
labor and to investigate the strategies taken by contractor to
overcome shortage of labor.
3. METHODOLOGY
The main reason of the study is to fulfill earlier stated
objectives though the collection of data using survey
questionnaire forms. The methodology is set in order to gather
the data to achieved the outlined of objectives.
The first step of study is to rationalize the issue to set up the
topic of study. After that the statement of problems, aims and
objectives were developed. This study required several
methods of data collections for the purpose of objectives
achievements. For the knowledge improvement phase, the
literature review is carried out. The literature sources that
connection with study including journal, books, conference
papers, magazines and websites will be used in the literature
review part. From that information, a set of questionnaire form
that related to objectives will be developed. The question that
develops in the questionnaire was in the form of multiple
choice or open ended questions or Likert Scale. The
respondents are among the contractors parties that involved in
construction projects. The result obtained from questionnaire
will be represent in data table, bar and pie chart, and radar
plot. The data will be analyzed using statistical method that is
mean or average index, frequencies and percentage
calculation. The final phase of this study is to define the
conclusion and recommendation with reference to the
objective, subsequent to the analysis from the questionnaire.
The feedbacks provided by respondents are categorized into
five options, Strongly Agree, Agree, Moderate/slightly agree,
Disagree and Strongly Agree[13]. The Multiple-choice
questions require the anticipation of the whole range of likely
answers, which would be given, and formulating the options.
The multiple-choice questions are based on Likert scale of five
ordinal measures of agreement towards each statement (from 1
to 5).
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This study was conducted to study current construction labor
shortage at construction projects in Johor Baharu. This chapter
will discussed the analysis data of questionnaire that were
obtain from respondent which is consist project representative
that is project manager from the 35 construction sites in
Johore Bahru.
The data analysis section is divided into four part according
objectives. For the first objective that consists of demographic
background or data which is consist of the number of shortage
of workers in 35 construction sites. Meanwhile, for the others
objective consist of Likert scale analysis consists of questions
regarding to the problems facing by contractor when hired
labor, contractor method of acquiring construction labor and
the strategies taken by contractor to overcome shortage of
labor.
4.1 Objective 1
Table 1 tabulates the current shortage of 35 construction
project in area Johor Bahru. From the table indicates the
shortages among project site survey are range from 4.17%
until 44.44%.Besides that, the percentage shortage for overall
project is about 12.14% which is about 360 workers from the
total existing labor workforce.
Beside that Chart 1 represent shortage of labor by category of
labor. From the 360 numbers of workers shortage, the
contractors needs 54% of skilled workers, 28% semi skilled
and 18% unskilled workers in their construction projects.
Others than that, from 360 workers, the contractors more
considers to hired 80% of foreign construction workers and
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only 20% of local workforces. The types of labor are
illustrated in the Chart 2.
Table - 1: Current Shortage of workers for Overall Project
Chart - 1: Shortage by Category of Labor
Chart - 2: Shortage by Type of Labor
4.2 Objective 2
The data analysis for the research objective no 2 which is
“Evaluating Problem Faced by Contractor When Hired
Labor”, were conducted to evaluated the common problem
faced by contractor when hired labor workforce. The research
question/objective is represented by 12 items. The attainment
for this section is by questionnaire survey. The research result
findings are shown in Chart 3 and Table 2 as follow.
Chart - 3: Mean/Average Index and Problem Facing by
Contractor when Hired Labor
Table – 2: Classification of Problem Face by Contractor
Chart 3 represent bar chart mean/average index on the
problem facing by contractor start from item problem no 1
until problem no 12. From the chart show that the highest
index is belonging to item problem no 5 which is problem on
recruitment and delivery cost of labor. While the smallest
mean index is on problem Registration with job Malaysia
agency that is 3.71 averages/ means index. The higher value
represent the priority or critical of that problem and vice versa.
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Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 511
4.3 Objective 3
The data analysis of the objective number 3 which is
“Examine Contractor Method of Acquiring Construction
Labor”, were conducted to confirm what the common
contractor method of acquiring construction labor. The
research objective is represented by 7 items. The attainment
for this section is by questionnaire survey. The research result
findings are shown in Chart 4 and Table 3 as follow.
Chart - 4: Mean/Average Index and Contractor Method
Acquiring Construction Labor
Table - 3: Code for Contractor Method in Acquiring
Construction Labor
Chart 4 illustrated bar chart of the mean/average index on
contractor method acquiring construction labor start from item
method no 1 until method no 12. From the chart above
describing that the highest index is subjected towards item
method no 2 which is acquiring labor through subcontractors
and average mean index is 4.23. Whereas the smallest mean
index is reflected on method by applies from department of
labor forces that is 3.34 averages/ means index. The higher
value represents the popular or common method used by
contractors while the smallest values indicate the less popular
method applies by contractor in acquiring the labor
workforces.
4.4 Objective 4
The data analysis for the objective number 4 which is
“Strategies Taken by Contractors to Overcome Shortage of
Labor”, were conducted to investigate what the common
approach taken by contractors to overcome shortage of labors.
The research objective is represented by 10 items. The
attainment for this section is by questionnaire survey. The
research result findings are shown in Chart 5 and Table 4 as
follow.
Chart - 5: Mean/Average Index of Strategies Taken by
Contractor to Overcome Shortage of Labor
Table – 4: Code for Strategies Taken by Contractor
Chart 5 tabulated bar chart of the mean/average index on
strategies taken by contractor to overcome shortage of labor
start from item strategies no 1 until strategies no 10. From the
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Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 512
chart above describing that the highest index is subjected
towards item strategy item no 9 which is maximize/fully
optimize used of labors available while the average mean
index is 4.23. Whereas the smallest mean index is reflected on
strategy by introduce multiple shifts work system that is 3.2
averages/ means index. The higher value represents the
popular or common strategy applied by contractors while the
smallest values indicate the less popular strategy applies by
contractor in to overcome shortage of the labor workforces.
CONCLUSIONS
From the result analysis and discussion, some of conclusion
can be came out based on objectives of this study as follow the
first objectives were to study the current shortage composition
of construction labor. From the data analysis the current
shortage composition for every project site surveyed is range
from 4.17% until 44.44%. Others than that, for overall project
on the average is about 12.14% from total labor workforces.
The second objective was to evaluate the problem faced by
contractor when hired labor. From the findings the
average/min index of problem face by contractor were ranging
from 3.71-4.29. Therefore as conclusion the critical problem
facing by contractors when hired labor is recruitment and
delivery cost of labor. The third objective is to examine
contractor method of acquiring construction labor. From the
analysis indicates the average/min index of contractor method
of acquiring construction labor was ranging from 3.34-4.23.
Therefore as conclusion the common practice contractor
method of acquiring construction labors is through
subcontractor’s method The final objective is to investigate
the strategies taken by contractor to overcome shortage of
labor. From the analysis highlighted the average/min index
strategies taken by contractor to overcome shortage was
ranging from 3.20-4.23. Therefore as conclusion the popular
strategy practice by contractor to overcome shortage of labors
is fully maximized or optimized used of labors available in
construction projects.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank our sponsor, Ministry of Higher
Education (MOHE) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM) for the financial support of Research University Grant
(Vote No. Q.J130000.7122.03J11) which enable us to carry
out this research project Thank you also to UTM Research
Management Centre (RMC) and those who had contributed
towards the completion of this research.
REFERENCES
[1] Zakaria, M.Y (2006) “Challenges in Providing Local
Skilled Construction Workers” Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
[2] Berita Harian “ABM Help in Reducing Dependance on
foreign Workers” by Aivizanoorwani Shah Shahroni on 8th
July 2010
[3] Bernama, (2011) “Reduction of Foreign Workers
Dependency Through IBS” website www.Bernama.com
[4] Migration News online (2 April 2011) “Southern Asia”
logged www.migration.ucdavyis.edu.my asscess on 26 July
2011.
[5] Abdul Aziz (1995). Foreign Labour in the Malaysian
Construction Industry (Geneva, International Labour Office.
[6] The Malaysian Insider online “Foreign Workers Levy Hike
in 2011” 20th
May 2010 by Asrul Hadi Abdullah Sani, logged
on www.malaysianinsider.com
[7] Malaysian Construction Summit 2008 – 6th June 2008,
Paper presented by Datuk Ir. Hamzah Hasan, Chief Executive,
CIDB.
[8] CIDB & Cream (2010), “Latest Research on Construction
Foreign Workers 2010” can be access though
http://ibsresearch.blogspot.com/2010/09/kajian-status-terkini-
perkerja-asing-di.html
[9] CIDB News, (2011). “Moving Forward” by Sazali Che
mat.
[10] MBAM Online News “Skilled Manpower Shortage Need
Urgent Attention” by Siti Sakinah Abdul Latiff on 4 august
2010, can be acess on www.MBAM.org.my
[11] The Star Online “Workers Shortage Could Hit ETP Plan”
by Wong Pek Mei on 16 march 2011, can be access in
www.Thestar.my
[12] The Star Newspaper on Star Biz Week “Your 10
Questions with Datuk Seri Michael Yam REHDA President”.
25 June 2011
[13] Abd. Majid M.Z. and Ronald McCaffer, M.ASCE
(1997), .Factors of Non Excusable Delays That Influence
Contractor’s Performance., Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, ASCE
BIOGRAPHIES
Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid is a Senior
Lecturer in Department of Structures and
Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering at
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai
Johor, Malaysia since 1994. He holds a
Master in Construction Engineering and BSc.
in Civil Engineering Washington University, USA
Bachan Singh a/l Besawa Jagar Singh is a
Senior Lecturer in Department of Structures
and Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering
at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai
Johor, Malaysia.
Muhammad Shahrom Mazlan is a Project
Engineer working with a Piling Company.
He was a post-graduate student of
Construction Management in Faculty of
Civil Engineering at Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, Skudai Johor, Malaysia.