The document outlines Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience, which visualizes different types of educational experiences arranged from most concrete to most abstract. At the bottom are direct purposeful experiences like hands-on activities, followed by contrived experiences using models and simulations, then exhibits, demonstrations, and field trips providing more detached experiences. Higher up are visuals like pictures, diagrams and symbols, and at the top are verbal representations like written words and formulas, as the most abstract experiences. The cone illustrates how educational experiences can range from concrete "learning by doing" to more abstract conceptual representations.

1. THE CONE OF EXPERIENCE

2. TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
 Direct Purposeful Experiences
 Contrived Experiences
 Dramatized Experiences
 Demonstrations
 Study Trips
 Exhibits
 Educational Television and Motion Pictures
 Recordings, Radio and Still pictures
 Visual Symbols
 Verbal Symbols

3. THE CONE OF EXPERIENCE
 By Edgar Dale
 Is a visual model, a pictorial device that presents
band of experience arranged to degree of
abstraction and not degree of difficulty.
 The farther you go of the bottom of the cone, the
more abstract the experience becomes.

4. DIRECT PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCES
 First hand experiences
 Lead us to concept formation and abstraction.
 “Learning by Doing”

5. CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES
 Edited copies of reality.
 Designed to simulate real-life situation.
 Use of mock up, models, specimen, simulation
and games.

6. STUDY TRIPS/FIELD TRIPS
 These are excursions, educational trips, and
visits conducted to observe an event that is
unavailable within the classroom.
 “Can nurture curiosity; build a zest for new
experience and a sense of wonder.”

7. DRAMATIZED EXPERIENCES
 All dramatization is essentially a process of
communication, in which both participant and
spectator are engaged.
 Use of formal plays, pageants, tableau,
pantomime, puppets and role-playing.

8. DEMONSTRATIONS
 “Good Demonstration is good communication.”
 Showing on how a thing is done.
 Keep your demonstration “simple.”

9. EXHIBITS
 Displays to be seen by spectator.
 Sometimes exhibits are “For your eyes only.”
 Sometimes it include sensory experience where
are allowed to touch or manipulate models
displayed.

10. TELEVISION AND MOTION PICTURES
 Reconstruct reality of the past.
 Bring the world of reality to the home and to the
classroom.
 Great equalizer of educational opportunity.

11. STILL PICTURES, RECORDINGS, RADIO
 Are visual and auditory devices.
 Still pictures lack the sound and motion of a
sound film.
 Radio broadcast of an actual event may often be
likened to a televised broadcast minus its visual
dimension.

12. VISUAL SYMBOLS
 These are no longer realistic reproduction of
physical things.
 Use of drawings, cartoons, strip drawings,
diagrams, charts, graphs and maps.

13. VERBAL SYMBOLS
 They are not like the objects or ideas for which
they stand.
 They usually do not contain visual clues to their
meaning.
 Use of written words, concrete object, idea,
scientific principle and formula.