The document presents Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience, which arranges educational experiences from most to least abstract. At the base are direct experiences, followed by increasingly abstract experiences like contrived experiences, demonstrations, exhibits, and recordings. At the top are visual and verbal symbols, which are the most abstract representations and furthest removed from reality. The cone is meant as a visual model to show that students learn best through hands-on experiences but that more abstract forms can also be effective teaching tools.
1. The Cone of
Experience
“The cone is a visual analogy, and like all analogies, it
does not bear an exact and detailed relationship to the
complex elements it represents.” - Edgar Dale
2. Cone of experience- is a visual
model, a pictorial device that presents bands of
experience arranged according to degree of
abstraction and not degree of difficulty.
3. The Cone of Experiences
•Direct Purposeful Experiences
•Contrived Experiences
•Dramatized Experiences
•Demonstrations
•Study Trips
•Exhibits
•Educational Televisions
•Motion Pictures
•Recordings, Radio, Still Pictures
•Visual Symbols
•Verbal Symbols
5. Direct purposeful
experiences- these are first hand
experiences which serve as the foundation of our
learning. In the teaching learning process, it is
learning by doing.
6. Contrived experiences- In here, we make use of a
representative models or mock-ups of reality.
Dramatized experiences- By dramatization, we
can participate in a reconstructed experience, even though the
original event is far removed from us in time.
7. Demonstrations- It is a visualized
explanation of an important fact, idea, process by the
use of photographs, drawing, films, displays, or
guided motion.
Study Trips- these are excursions,
educational trips, and visits conducted to observe an
event that is unavailable within the classroom.
8. Exhibits- these are displays to be seen by
expectators.
Television and motion pictures-
television and motion pictures can reconstruct the
reality of the past so effectively that we are made to
feel we are there.
9. Still pictures,
Recordings, Radio-
these are visual and auditory devices
which may be used by an individual
or a group.
Visual symbols- these are
no longer realistic reproduction of
physical things for these are highly
abstract representations
10. Verbal symbols- they are not like
the objects or ideas for which they stand. They
usually do not contain visual clues to their
meaning. Written words fall under this category.
It may be a word for a concrete object (book),
an idea (freedom of speech), a scientific
principle (the principle of balance), a formula
(e=mc²)
