The ClimAct Magazine

CLIMATE BEACONS NETWORK
1 QUARTERLY MAGAZINE
THE
VISION OF SUSTAINABILITY
VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1, APRIL 2019
YOUR PLANET NEEDS YOU!
UNITE TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE.
CALL FOR
CLIMATE WARRIORS!
EVEN THE CLIMATE HAS CHANGED, CAN WE?

On behalf of Climate Beacons Network (CBN),
welcome to our magazine – this platform is to
move way forward for creative ideas, new
approaches and innovative solution for the
country.
We’ve launched our magazine because it’s the next
step in transforming the Climate Beacons
Network’s image in Pakistan. I’m proud that
although we have modified a lot of our practices,
still we keep the others in harmony, with hard
work, flexibility and creativeness. CBN is still
committed to execute its financial and human
resources to build the capacity among individuals,
institutions and organizations in order to enhance
the quality of environmental health and human life
in Pakistan.
Through our magazine, you will discover our commitment to our country and local people.
Our focus is to tackle the climate challenges and work proactively with our community
members so that we could find the best solutions and applications to assure ‘sustainable’
long term relationships. Our magazine allows us to connect with the Pakistan’s
community, citizens and nonprofit organisations in a timely and dynamic manner.
If you have ideas for what to include on the magazine, or subjects to explore in the
magazine, please let me know!
MESSAGE FROM OUR
FOUNDER AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
TAYYAB SHAFIQUE

Editor In Chief
Mr. Tayyab Shafique
Executive Editor
Dr. Hashim Zuberi
Scientific Editor
Dr. Aamir Alamgir
Associate Editor
Dr. Amin Qureshi
Senior Editor
Ms. Syeda Urooj Fatima
Section Editor
Ms. Rabia Majeed
Editor
Ms. Sara Altaf
Quality Assurance Editor
Mr. Ali Aslam
MEET OUR TEAM
Issue Reviewer
Mr. Jibran Khalid
Coordination Manager
Mr. Muhammad Abubakar

OUR THINK TANK
Dr. Abdullah Rajper
Dr. Hina Shehnaz Dr. Kishan Chand
Dr. Zafar Iqbal Shams
Dr. Rukhsana Tariq
Engr. Saadat Ali Engr. Zohair Ahmed
Ms. Kayla Soren
Mr. Tahir Mehmood
Ms. Shabina Faraz Ms. Ibtasama Khatoon
Ms. Shiza Khan Durani Ms. Sumaira Zafar
Mr. Abdul Basit Mr. Aijaz Abro
Mr. Faizan Mirani
Mr. Hafiz Baseer Khan
Mr. Nadeem Mirbahar
Mr. Syed Nasar Alam
Mr. Muhammad Ali Bhatti
Ms. Kanwal Nazim
Mr. Rafi ul Haq
Engr. Kashif NoorEngr. Majid Chang
Advocate Javed Haleem
Engr. Muneer AhmedDr. Sikander Sherwani
Dr. Shahid Amjad

Welcome!
JOIN HANDS WITH SUSTAINABILITY

THE CLIMACT
AN INITIATIVE OF
ESTABLISHED SINCE 2014
MAGAZINE

WHO
WE
ARE?
Since 2014, Climate Beacons Network has worked to
protect the environment and the global community against
climate change impacts while providing awareness and
building the capacity among them. CBN is engaged to make
the young and enthusiastic students and professionals to
get familiar with the fact that
“What our environment is demanding from us and what
can we do to combat with climate change?”
Answering this question, CBN has established a platform
where potential Policy Makers, Scientists, Professionals,
Activists and Youth may gather and put their creative ideas
on a practical desk.

CBN has mission to halt and reverse the impacts of climate
change and natural resource depletion while implementing
the adaptation and mitigation mechanism. Further, to engage
in vibrant campaigns, raising awareness and mobilization of
youth is a part of our inspirational mission. CBN envisions to
create a sustainable and peaceful world in which humans can
live with harmony in nature. Our vision is to develop a society
in fulfilment with the SDGs.
OUR INITIATIVES

CBN believes in
collaborative
actions and always
supports to other
organizations
efforts which are
significant for
environmental
betterment. CBN
has organized
various climate
change awareness
and capacity
building trainings in
Industries,
Academia and at
community level, as
well as supported a
number of events of
other
organizations.
CBN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR BRIEFING ON SDGs
(TRAINING SESSION)
CBN PLANTATION ACTIVITIES
(GOVT. HIGH SCHOOL MEHRO PEELO, CHAKWAL)

Moreover
Different well-
known NGOs and
Social
Departments
took part in CBN
activities and
events and also
praise the efforts
of team for their
dedication and
commitment
towards
environmental
cause.
CBN CONDUCTED PLANTATION DRIVE
(TALUKA SINDHRI DISTRICT, MIRPURKHAS PPHI CENTER)
CBN CELEBRATED GLOBAL HAND WASHING DAY,
(OCTOBER 15th, 2018)

Articles
Pakistan’s War Against Global Warming Mr. Tayyab Shafique 1
A Journey Through a Climate Victim and Poverty-Stricken
Country
Ms. Syeda Urooj Fatima 3
Climate Change: A Myth or Reality Mr. Ameer Ali 5
Shared Health Impacts of Climate Change Ms. Amna Akhtar 8
Impacts of Climate Change on Indigenous People Mr. Fazal Ur Rahim Awan 10
Creature's Breath - Climate Ms. Iqra Asghar 14
Industrialization and Environmental Deterioration Ms. Sana Fatima 16
Problems being Faced byPakistan for Achieving SDGs Ms. Tahira Afzal 18
Economical Water Usage Mr. Muhammad Abubakar 19
Luckily Earth Do Not Have Tongue Mr. Zeeshan Qasim 22
Climate Change Who Will Pay the Cost? Ms. Syeda Zinnia Iqbal 24
Smog in Pakistan Ms. Humera Qasim Khan 26
The End of Anthropocene Ms. Amna Riaz 28
Australia: Warning Signs of Climate Change Emergence
Mr. Muhammad Zohair
Ahmed Khan
30
Climate Change and Farmers of Punjab Mr. Nasar Alam 32
Cleaner Production: The Key to Sustainable Development Mr. Kashif Iqbal Butt 35
Collaborative Organisations and Climate Activists
Break Free Plastic Movement (BFPM) 39
Nature Conservation Alliance Pakistan (NCAP) 41
Foundation Fighting Poverty (FFP) 42
Wahab’s Climate Acts. What’s Yours? 43
Quarterly News Updates
CONTENTS

PAKISTAN’S WAR AGAINST GLOBAL
WARMING
TAYYAB SHAFIQUE
Facing the brunt of global
warming, Pakistan is
experiencing crisis in the discipline of
natural resources due to extreme
weather events and their increased
frequencies. Drought, floods,
temperature and precipitation
variation have already been altered
throughout the country. The major
fact regarding the country wise
contribution in greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions is that the Pakistan has
very low figure in terms of the cause
of global warming and climate
change.
However, in terms of vulnerability, currently,
Pakistan is the 7th
most victim country to the
impacts of climate change. Whilst this
situation, the Government of Pakistan has
taken a number of initiatives and actions for
adaptation and mitigation to climate change.
Unfortunately, at the same time, the limited
financial resources always hinder the large-
scale projects at national level. Besides the
challenges in the plight of climate change, in
the past two years, Pakistan has demonstrated
its remarkable achievements to combat the
climate change and its impacts. Fortunately,
newly elected government of Pakistan has
brought a revolutionary turnaround in
Pakistan in context of climate change. The
inauguration of “Clean and Green Pakistan”
aims to launch a tree plantation drive while
providing a clean and green country for future
generations. Moreover, the recent Conference
of Parties (COP-24) held in Katowice, Poland in
2018 under the dilemma of United Nations
Framework for Convention and Climate
Change has put enormous pressure on
Pakistan due to double fold challenges due to
the progressing temperature and the financial
constraints. Besides this, the role of Pakistan
is still extremely significant in COP-24.
Fortunately, the vigorous participation of the
federal climate change advisor, Malik Amin
Aslam, has put the tireless efforts to make
Pakistan a responsible country towards
combating the climate change. COP-24 has
brought positive results for all the countries of
the world as well as for Pakistan.

This achievement is a positive and remarkable
indication which reflects that the current
Pakistani government is taking the climate
change as a serious and worth taking issue for
the country and it is committed to minimize the
vulnerability against climate change in long-
term ways. The recent trans-boundary conflicts
among Pakistan and its neighboring country
“India” are also connected with the climate
change and natural resources. Since the India’s
attack on Pakistan is quite evident that India’s
warplanes dropped payload in the Pakistan’s
forested area which injured a number of trees
and nearby resident areas. The purpose to
discuss this glimpse of the war-based
intensions of India is that both of the countries
should fight against climate change by
combined efforts rather than war against each
other.
Both India and Pakistan are coupled
headings under the threats of climate
change since both have controversial
issues on the availability and
ownership of transboundary-shared
natural resources, such as water. To
prevent a bigger water war between
the two neighbor countries and to
promote the peace, it is necessary to
minimize the climate change induced
conflict particularly in the sector of
water.
On behalf of whole Pakistani youth and CBN
team, I pledge that being a peace-maker
country, Pakistan is committed to create a
greener, sustainable and peaceful atmosphere
and positive relationships with countries of the
world. I must recommend that policy makers
should focus to fight climate change rather than
planning war among nations.
Pakistan has elected as
“vice-president” and
“rapporteur” of the COP.
About the Author
Mr. Tayyab Shafique is the Founder and Executive Director at CBN. He is an
Environmentalist and Consultant and engaged in in shaping the global response to
climate change and to address the lack of support available to youth in the environment
sector.

A JOURNEY THROUGH A CLIMATE VICTIM
AND POVERTY-STRICKEN COUNTRY
SYEDA UROOJ FATIMA
Pakistan, a climate victim and poverty-
stricken country, having poor
availability of natural resources, is on 7th
rank in
terms of climate vulnerability index. A journey
through Pakistan attracts the interest of policy
makers, academia and governmental bodies to
estimate the damages exacerbated by climate
change. Enlisting such damages, climate
change has drastically altered the poverty
profile, livelihood, living standards and
socioeconomic values of the societies,
particularly those, who have been already
scarce in terms of environmental and natural
resources.
Although, the contribution of Pakistan in
greenhouse gas emission is very low, but it is
one of the most vulnerable country due to the
climatic variations. These variations have
shrunk the availability of natural resources,
altered the precipitation and temperature as
compared to the annual averages, expanded the
frequency of extreme events, floods and
drought, and are responsible for vegetation and
agricultural pattern shift. These indicators of
climate change are strongly interrelated with
the poverty profile of Pakistan. Moreover, since
Pakistan is an agrarian country, 67% of the
population of the country live in rural areas is
dependent on agriculture, facing exacerbating
poverty and resource scarcity due to reduction
in crop yield, conflicts over land availability, and
change in crop pattern and associated
economic issues.
Despite all these facts, the global policy makers
and institutes have focused towards the
betterment of the society and the United
Nations have set 17 Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) in 2015. Among these goals,
poverty eradication has been set as the first
priority goal to achieve till 2030. Alarmingly,
Pakistan and rest of the world has left with only
12 years to achieve these goals.
Pakistan, due to its geographical location is
significantly rely on the climatic variables. In
addition to this, UNDP reported that during a
period of 1990 to 2017, Pakistan’s Human
Development Index (HDI) has been increased
from 0.404 to 0.562, which ranks the Pakistan at
150 out of 189 states. According to this index,
Pakistan has been categorized as a medium
human development country.

However, poverty and climate dynamics of
Pakistan indicate that poverty is not a static and
one-way process. There are different sources
which push and pull the people to enter and
move out from the phase of poverty. Keeping in
mind these facts, one can think that climate
change has coupled these problems by many
folds. For instance, WHO reported that heat
shocks, one of the impacts of climate change,
are the major drivers of poverty pushing a large
number of populations into poverty. In addition
to this, climate change also alters the flow of
people who are escaping the poverty. Moreover,
the country has experienced extreme drought
conditions from 1997 to 2000. Similarly, flood of
2010 affected a huge population of Pakistan.
The aforesaid condition indicates the extreme
vulnerability of Pakistan towards climate
change which caused losses to human
settlements due to limited mitigation and
adaptation strategies. In contrast to this, during
flooding season most of the agricultural land
destroys due to water logging issues. Sea water
intrusion is also on its way to damage the
agricultural areas, particularly in low lying
coastal regions of Sindh. Not only Southern
Pakistan, population of Northern areas of
Pakistan are also facing the similar dilemma
due to variation in climate variables. Pattern of
snow fall, agricultural activities, crop growth,
sowing and harvesting of agricultural crops,
fruits and vegetables and other associated
livestock is seriously affected. These climatic
impacts are pushing the poor population into
extreme poorer condition.
As a result, most of the population is migrating
from rural to urban areas causing different
types of conflicts and humans settlement
issues. The main impact of this migration is due
to the conflict over natural resources, such as
water, of the welcoming area which is already
limited to the existing population. Despite the
climatic changes and its related impacts, the
problem of weak governance, elite powers and
political instability are also playing significant
role in reducing the community resilience.
Secondly, the rural communities are very less
aware regarding climate change and its impacts
on their life style and development. Therefore,
vulnerability of communities to existing
environmental risks is needed to be explored in
parallel to poverty and climate change in
Pakistan.
About the Author
Ms. Syeda Urooj Fatima is Senior Editor at CBN Quarterly Magazine and M.Phil.
Scholar in Environmental Science at Institute of Environmental Studies, University
of Karachi. Currently, she is serving as Research Fellow in the discipline of climate
change and GIS at the same institute.

It is still quite disheartening to look at the
miserable plight of Puerto Rico’s
climate change refugees. (One would find so
many such pictures on the net). Not too far
ago, the ruthless daughter of climate change,
Hurricane Maria, wreaked havoc in Puerto
Rico, and it almost toppled down the daily life
of the region. This climatic catastrophe has
been well captured in photos by the climate
journalists; the photos add to already growing
degree of concern for the future of mankind.
One such picture that went viral throughout
social media, Let’s say, this with sublime
confidence, actually narrates the grim
condition of a climate change affected family.
The picture clearly shows a woman who is
struggling in the face of furious wave of flood;
simultaneously, the desperate woman
carrying a baby on her back, holding another
tightly, and guiding her daughter, moves
ahead against the flow of the catastrophic
disaster. The very photo, in fact, portrays the
cruelties inflicted upon human beings by the
rapid changes that take place in the earth’s
atmosphere. Does the responsibility not fall
on human beings for all these gruesome
changes? Are we really bent upon destroying
our mother planet? Why should the
temporary interests be valued more at the
stake of people’s lives? Although there are a
few people who claim that climate change is a
myth, but the weather volatility, global
warming, constant increase in sea levels, and
growing desertification around the world
irrefutably stand by the fact that climate
change is a very serious threat to mankind
and their planet. The phenomenon of climatic
disaster is brought about mainly by the
careless, self-interest-oriented approach of
people.
Moreover, this inevitable,
atmospheric change unfortunately
has resulted into many calamitous
incidents, such as the quickened loss
of polar ice and species; it has also
disrupted the natural process of life.
If timely measures are not taken to
counter the grave threat, it would
plunge human species into the
terrible pit of extinction.
CLIMATE CHANGE:
A MYTH OR REALITY
AMEER ALI

In contrast, there are a few skeptics who believe
that environmentalists use the specter of
catastrophic climate change to pursue an
agenda of their own, one that places nature over
the needs of people. This propagandized claim is
actually asserted to disrupt the reality of
planetary emergency. Similarly, Donald Trump,
the American President, claims that climate
change is ‘a hoax’ invented by the Chinese to
attack the United States’ manufacturing
industry. Moreover, there are even some
scientists who maintain that the lack of
universal agreement about the quantitative
magnitude of anthropogenic global warming
proves the reality of climate change denial. In
summary, there is a group of people that takes it
for granted that climate change is a constructed
myth. Meanwhile, scientific findings have
repeatedly revealed that anthropogenic causes
are main culprits that actually quicken the pace
of climatic crisis. Abundant amount of carbon
dioxide in atmosphere generated by man’s
thoughtless activities, such as the continued
process of industrialization, in fact, paves the
way for planetary chaos. To say it much more
precisely, the rising energy demand, especially
in developing Asia leads to both
industrialization and carbon concentrations in
the earth’s atmosphere. Since the human
beings extravagantly burn fossil fuels to actuate
industrial machines and thereby producing so
many commodities and so much interest, their
careless activities are hurling this earth to an
utter doom. Similarly, the excavation of mines
by man releases many gasses stuck
underground which always beget chaos in the
atmosphere after the gasses are released to
the surface of the earth. For instance, the
release of methane gas from the mines mostly
entails heatwaves and extreme, volatile
weathers. Even much more careless act on the
part of people is deforestation; the process of
cutting down trees in great numbers is also
bringing forth warming in the world’s
temperature. Thus, it is right enough to say that
the change in climate patterns has mostly been
caused by man. Apart from human induced
causes, the disastrous calamity of climate
change has also been pushed up by the natural
changes occurring both in the universe and on
the earth’s surface. The natural forces really
play a significant role in rise of the earth’s
temperature that inevitably speeds up the
process of change in global, climatic patterns.
One of the most dangerous, natural causes, that
is undoubtedly beyond one’s power to stop it, is
the change which takes place in the solar
system. It is a scientifically accepted fact that
whenever orbital variations bring both the sun
and the earth much closer to each other, the
physical closeness always increases the
latter’s atmospheric temperature. Moreover,
the green house gasses, such as carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, and Sulphur dioxide
that naturally occur in the air or sometimes
erupted by volcanic explosions actually function
as ‘trace gasses’ by entrapping the earth’s
radiation. This process hastens the extreme,
volatile changes of weather. These natural
phenomena actually prove that climate change
is a factual truth. Scientists have long cautioned
that, as the planet warms, weather patterns will
go berserk. This is exactly what is happening
with our planet right now. This last summer
from Seattle to Siberia, wildfires have
mercilessly consumed large swathes of the
northern hemisphere. Furthermore, fire in
California created such heat as it generated its
own patterns of weather. Recently, flames that
ravaged through a coastal area near Athens
disastrously killed about ninety one people.
Roughly speaking, about one hundred and
twenty five people have already died in Japan as
the result of a heatwave that that pushed the
temperatures in Tokyo above forty degree
centigrade for the first time in the city’s history.
Such calamities, as were once considered to be
freakish, have now become commonplace. Yet
another impact of the climate change is the
quickened melting of ice caps that results in the
extinction of polar species and the rise in sea
levels. The increasing temperatures are badly
hitting at the layers of snow on the mountainous
regions.

This occurring has very devastating impacts on
biodiversity. The polar bears, penguins and
some other polar species will die away if the
current patterns of climate persist.
Additionally, the rise of oceanic levels
atrociously brings about destruction of the low
lying areas and the people living in those areas.
Hence, climate change is ripping our planet
apart with its ruthless claws. So far, most
countries of the world have been at sixes and
sevens when it comes to counter collectively
the climatic threat, however, they have entered
into treaties, such as the Kyoto Protocol or the
panels, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. Following the developed
countries’ path to industrialized development,
the developing countries are mostly unwilling
to come to the terms of the treaties and thus
refuse to surrender their soaring demands of
energy. Similarly, in Paris Climate Conference,
many countries that attended the conference
vowed to keep warming ‘well below two degree
centigrade’ relative to pre-industrial levels, but
unfortunately greenhouse gas emissions are up
again.
Two years ago, for the first time in four years,
demand for coal rose. Much to the planet’s
misfortune, these steps have actually failed up
to much extent in curbing effectively the
climatic calamity. The above facts clearly show
that the world is slowly losing its war against
climate change. This calamity would indeed
defeat mankind unless timely measures are
taken to tackle the grave threat. In this regard,
the world countries will have to pursue
industrialization with wisdom whereby they
must make climate friendly nuclear power
easily available, cost effective and popular.
Thus, India and China, especially must rethink
plans to rely heavily on coal to electrify their
countries. Similarly, common people are also
required to employ hybrid modes of
transportation that effectively help in reducing
the earth’s temperature. Moreover, both
government and people should take initiatives
to plant trees in desertified areas and fertile
regions. This is exactly what Jordan is doing
currently in her deserts. The process of
afforestation would abundantly help in
sustaining the characteristic volatility of the
earth’s weather. Hence, the phenomenon of
climate change can be sufficiently slowed
down. Finally, it is sufficed to say that the above
facts and figures cogently refute the very claim
that ‘climate change is a myth’. Contrarily, the
ground realities reveal the fact that global
warming is an undeniable truth. So, much of it
depends on humans and how they react to the
growing danger.
About the Author
Mr. Ameer Ali is an English major who has been writing passionately about the
current issues. He has had his graduation from NUML, Islamabad, where he excelled
himself. Currently, he is pursuing MS English degree at University of Sindh,
Jamshoro.

Climate change has become one of the
global emerging issues in this decade. It
is one of the major environmental problems
which have altered our ecological systems in
almost every region of earth. It is impacting
socially, economically and ecologically. For
example rise of sea-levels in coastal regions
due to melting of glaciers, tsunamis, increased
concentration of rainfall, floods and severe
droughts, sea-water intrusion in ground water
aquifers, heat and cold waves, rate in change of
diseases etc. Climate change is often the
promoter of transmission of diseases into new
region as well as causing health effects to
human population .Many species of animals are
unable to adapt the rapid changes due to
climatic patterns thus thriving to survive.
HEAT WAVES
In case of frequent heat waves, the projected
trend in climate change has brought various
diseases and illness. It has particularly harmed
children, elder people and those who are prone
to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. A
severe heat wave of temperature as high as 49
degree centigrade struck in southern part of
Pakistan in June 2015. It caused the deaths of
about 2000 people from dehydration, heat
exhaustion and heat stroke. This event also
followed in India taking thousands of lives.
LACK OF FOOD PRODUCTION
Climate change has resulted in lack of global
food production. Developing countries are
mostly facing this problem. About 840 million
people are undernourished, either suffering
from hunger, food borne illnesses or low
nutrition valued food. Extreme patterns of
temperature and precipitation can damage
crops and livestock. Poor practicing in
agricultural sector is reducing the nutritional
content of food. Increase in droughts in some
areas attracts crop pests which may
contribute to the development of liver disease
in people. Several countries have also
developed Health Impact Assessment to cope
with the food security challenges.
SHARED HEALTH IMPACTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
AMNA AKHTAR

VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Warmer climate can contribute in rate of disease
vectors in many regions. Malaria, Dengue,
Yellow fever etc. are vector borne diseases
which are becoming resistant. Malaria has alone
caused 1 million child deaths globally.
Zoonotic diseases like Avian Flu can be
transferred from animals to humans either by
contact or by the vectors which carry these
pathogens to from animals to humans. Many of
these diseases prevail in warmer regions and
are susceptible to deteriorate the human health
and ecosystems. Developing new pesticides in
control of such diseases and working in alliance
with other countries should be the priority
which can lower the resistant period of these
pathogens.
WATER-BORNE DISEASES
Water-borne diseases are a wave of burden in
those countries where there is no safe water to
drink and lack of cleanliness. Cholera, diarrhea
and other gastrointestinal illnesses has
affected many people. In many parts of the
world almost 2 million deaths per year by
diarrheal diseases are recorded. Outbreaks of
these diseases are due to the change of
precipitation events and floods which is
favorable condition for the growth of many
microbes. Changes in ocean ecosystem, sea
water intrusion, cross contamination can pose a
serious risk of such diseases. Mitigation
strategies like safe and clean supply of water,
proper water use and its treatment, protection
of wetlands can be the control of spread of such
diseases.
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
Extreme climatic events have brought
infrastructure damage and high rates of
morbidity and mortality. Such events has
impacted on human mental and physical health,
injuries, outbreaks of endemic diseases In
Africa mortality and morbidity rates are high
due to hunger, poverty and illnesses. Adaptation
and mitigation in such areas is difficult and
costly but implementing them can reduce the
damage. U.S and Caribbean have agreed to
achieve Millennium Development Goal in 2015
for reducing under age 5 mortality rates in
children.
There is no simple solution of climate change to
address. A multiple prolonged strategy is
required for the betterment of the earth.
Monitoring through historical data of events and
adopting Early Warning systems for any
incidents must be implemented. We need to
develop holistic strategies that can reduce the
outcome of environmental hazards which can
pose threats to the health of plants, animals and
human population.
About the Author
Amna Akhtar is doing M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences. Her dream and pledge is to become an
earthpreneur and adopt sustainable approaches to save the beautiful biodiversity and climate of Earth.

Climate change is a global issue; every
country is willing to resolve it. Pakistan
is included in those countries that are seriously
effecting from negative impacts of climate
change. In the following article, and I want to
present my observations on the implications of
fog, water, migration of people and pollution. In
addition to this, I want to explain some the major
causes of this issue such as deforestation, lack
of interest in new planting, sudden forest fires,
consideration of existing resources as
unimportant and pollution of solid waste,
industrial smoke, dust and waters. For getting
rid of harmful effects of climates and pollutions,
the possible solutions to these issues, are also
parts of this article.
Before writing something on the reasons and
effects of climate change I also including some
suggestions for safety and protection in this
article, I will let you know about some personal
observations and studies about the effects of
climate on local community.
FOG
For the last few years, people of Punjab and
Sindh are observing a deep fog in the winter; to
protect people from accidents motor way is
closed for long times and flights timings are
postponed. Traffic rush increases on the roads
and people have to face delay in destination.
Sometimes the fog is so high that nothing is
seen at the slightest distance. Due to severe fog,
so far, many people have been injured and
killed .After the rain, the fog starts to decrease.
UNEXPECTED RAINS AND WEATHERS
No raining on times and decreased growth of
flowers, herbs and other natural products on
specific seasons are the major signs of climate
change, stoppage in the raining for the long
periods becomes a cause of drought, hunger
and inflation. Agriculture is the life of our
economy if it is being affected due to climate
change, the future generations can face a major
loss. In the month of January 2019, community
our areas made a bridge from wood, which need
was never felt before. Continuous rains in the
past were pouring in early or mid-March, Water
temperature is not cold enough at this time and
it was easily interrupted. Raining of rains in low
lying areas also snow on hill top in the last week
of January 2019 made the temperature of water
very cold.
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
FAZAL UR RAHIM AWAN

In these circumstances, the legs of the children
and local people started sleeping and feeling
unhealthy in the water while moving forward. A
moment of carpentry was necessary to remove
temporary this problem of whole community.
Water shortages are also affected by electricity
delivery; people have to bear load shedding in
extreme heat. When the power generation dams
do not meet the water, electricity production will
be affected, this will create an industrial crisis,
and the production of lack will increase
unemployment. We have witnessed these
conditions.
WATERMILLS
The use of flour for water mill is
a part of our culture. This is an
ancient technology, which is
operated by the source of water
pressure. Most of the water
mills have been closed due to
shortage of waters. The jobs
associated with them are also
affected. Those who look
forward to getting pure flour are
to go away very far for this
purpose.
MIGRATION FROM RURAL TO URBAN AREAS
Looking for better is a part of human nature,
where there is an impact on environmental
changes living in urban areas; the effects of
these changes are also present in mountainous
areas. Due to earthquakes, poor landowners,
decrease in crops, unemployment and lack of
facilities, the population of people has been
displaced to urban areas. A large part of our
livelihoods belongs to the affair of rural areas. A
In the presence of favorable environment many
people of rural areas are engaged in the
business of goat and animal farming and huge
amounts of beef, mutton, honey and milk are
exported to urban areas. Woods are very
important for the construction of homes;
manufacturing of tools handles and sports
equipment’s, even the sticks of the match, which
are the main needs of each house, are prepared
from woods, Forest reserves are also in rural
areas. Raw material for cement and iron
industry is also natural production of
mountainous areas. Grass is a basic
requirement for making paper pulp and it is
obtained from the villages. Rural chicken eggs
are obtained from villages. Large quantities of
medicinal herbs are arriving in herbal
laboratories and herbal stores for the
production of medicines. The importance of
rural areas cannot be ignored in the light of
these benefits. Immigrants from rural areas to
urban areas are not fit for economy and climate.
To survive rural economic and climates we have
to explore more opportunities of investment and
industry in these areas.

EFFECTS OF POLLUTIONS
Most of readers have seen the teams of children
in various streets hanging waste bags, most of
them belong with the families of refuges. Due to
poverty they have left educational activities and
thousands of numbers of children have been
engaged in the collection of waste materials.
These children also collect waste items from
hospitals. Also pick up used syringes; these
items directly affect their health. Moreover,
anybody does not like to keep an empty plastic
bag in his home ant throwing away the plastic
bags, sometime including with the skins of
vegetable and fruits has become a tradition. The
empty packets of Tetra pack including with a
quantity of milk is also added with this waste.
The mosquitoes get food on these dumps;
people get malaria by cutting the mosquitoes.
This process of blurring causes infections,
germs, malaria and dengue virus diseases
spread every year millions of people worldwide
have died of the disease. As a precautionary
measure, the villagers burn wet wood or leaves
burnt in the process that smoke is also
vulnerable to health. Perfume, mosquito netting
and repellents methods are used in different
ways. I personally experimented with it. I came
to know that the oil that is prepared for
mosquitoes repelling is made by the mixing of
eucalyptus oil. I grinded the leaves of eucalypts
on hand legs and face and the mosquitoes ran
away. I also heard from older generation and
tested that throwing paste of these leaves
around the cot respells away the mosquitoes.
REASONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
DEFORESTATION
Now I would like to state about the major
reasons of climate Change, in this regard the
deforestation is on the top of list. These
activities are continued as the sources of
earning by many people, cutting woods from
forests and selling them on cheap rates are the
parts of their daily routine. Due to these
activities Oxygen is being reduced and carbon
dioxide is being increased which is a major
cause of effecting Ozone layers.
NON-IMPORTANCE
Any person of local community does not like to
damage a branch of fruit tree because he earns
by the selling of its fruits while the persons of
local community do not give importance to forest
trees. Giving importance to value added trees and
knowing all other as useless is the part of human
nature; in this regard many people do not like to
play their positive roles in firefighting. We have
obtained historically protected resources of
trees from our elders and leaving same are more
quantities for next coming generation is our
major responsibility.

To achieve this task, we have to grow maximum
plant. Conservation of oldest trees is also an
important part of our responsibilities, in the hot
seasons they provide us cool shades and
maintain the temperature of earth, a period of
some years is required for plant to become a
tree while time of few minutes is surfed in its
cutting, as per needs people are not invested to
recover these losses.
POLLUTION
Smoke, dust, smell of transport fuel and
silencers, chemical mixed waters, scrape of
plastic bags, smell of poultry farms and similar
other thing generate air pollution by including
with air, Noise is the cause of nervous pollution,
controlling of these things is an important need
of hour.
SOLUTIONS
To achieve goals of sustainable development in
the field of climate change and to protect
people from the harmful impacts of climates,
we have to highlight importance of trees, some
trees are still known as use less while they can
be used in the productivity of various
handmade products, to protect them we have
to start campaigns, we have to aware the
public, It is also important to develop the
industry of nurseries and plantation, we have
to explore opportunities of business in rural
areas. To get rid of pollution it is need to find
alternate solutions to reduce plastic bags, to
converts waste into beneficial products or
energy resources, to protect forest from fires it
is also need to keep firefighting equipment or
fire extinguishers in forest areas.
Filled drum of water and construction of foot
paths may also helpful in this regard. In
present social media is more active to survive
environment it can play a positive role, we can
choose it for maximum campaigning, I also
propose to include lessons of environment and
climates in the text books of schools. We have
to organize various teams of volunteers,
environmental experts and professionals.
Doubtlessly we shall be able to resolve climate
issues and achieve sustainable development
goals.
About the Author
Mr. Fazal Ur Rahim Awan has been working as an industrial employee since 1980.
Beside of duties, writing article on different topics of environment is a part of his
hobbies. To aware people about the importance of existing natural resources, he had
carried out research and best practice on the turning waste resources to beneficial
products.

The individuals (belongs to any type of
species) required some basic
necessities like fresh air, clean drinking water,
hygienic food, safe and sound habitat etc. but
any cut off in their availability may put a
question on the survival of the organisms. It is
obvious that all these necessities depend on the
prevailing climate of a particular geographical
area directly or indirectly. The air can only be
fresh and healthy, if the atmosphere have
balanced amount of gases (no elevated level of
GHGs). In case of water, it is the climate that has
developed the water cycle (evaporation,
condensation, precipitation) and is the source of
fresh water for organisms.
Agriculture (form food) is also depending on the
climate and any sudden change like
temperature & rainfall fluctuations, climatic
extremities (flood/heat wave) and gaseous
changes in air may change the nutritional
quality of food. It is the climate on which the
decisions are made that whether an organism
can make habitat in a particular area or not
(people are becoming climatic migrants due to
climatic catastrophic conditions). According to
the report of World Bank in 2018, it is said that
about 143 million people will be climatic
migrants due to crop failure, water scarcity and
rise in sea level and all these reasons are
driven by the climatic unsustainability.
If we want to know about the past climates, it is
fortune that Earth has kept log. Precedent
climate is recorded in ocean corals, cave
stalagmites, tiny shelled sea-creatures, long
lived plants and in deep glacial ice cores. To
understand the history of climate more
conveniently, scientists have also developed
“Paleoclimates” that shows the past ice ages
(low points, large negative anomalies) after
combining the date with climatic models. This
data shows that from the past million years, the
earth temperature has risen to 5-7 0C. In 19th
century alone, the temperature has rose to
0.70C and the previous climatic records reveals
that currently the climatic warming is occurring
much more rapidly than past.
CREATURE’S BREATH -
CLIMATE
IQRA ASGHAR

Other facts about the temperature are that from
1880 to 2012, the average global temperature is
increased by 0.85°C.
This increase in temperature is affecting the
living creatures directly-by facing long &
extreme summers as hottest day (56.70C) on
earth was experienced in France on July 10, 1993
& in case of Pakistan it was 530C monitored in
Larkana, Sindh on 26 May 2010 and indirectly -
by affecting the agricultural yield like from 1981
to 2002, the yield of wheat, maize and other
crops experienced significant reduction of
about 40 megatons/year.
These fluctuation of temperature are affecting
the other factors of climate like rainfall, snow
melt, river flows, groundwater (water table is
decreasing) and gradual deterioration of water
quality. The frequency of floods and droughts
are higher than past and by all these changing
patterns of climate are putting questions on the
survival of creatures on this planet _ Earth. The
climatic conditions are becoming worse every
year and if no precautionary measures are
adopted, the potential consequences will be
terrifying.
SUSTAINABLE CLIMATE
(FRESH BREATH)
UNSUSTAINABLE CLIMATE
(BAD BREATH)
Balanced Level of GHGs – No
Climatic Catastrophes
Increase level of GHGs – More
Climatic Catastrophes
No Mass Migration More Mass Migration
No Loss of Productive Lands More Loss of Productive Lands
No threat on water security Threat on water Security
No rise of Sea Level Rise of Sea Level
No Geopolitical Conflicts More Geopolitical Conflicts
About the Author
Ms. Iqra Asghar has done MS in Environmental Sciences and have achieved gold medal
during her BS in the same field.

When traditionally industrial sectors,
such as agriculture, education
health of an economy becomes increasingly
similar to manufacture sector of economy, we
known it as “industrialization”.
No doubt industrialization seems to be the key
of wealth and better living standard but reality
is entirely different, although it leads to better
living standard in certain aspects, but on the
other hand it directly or indirectly affects
environment and ultimately contributes to
climate change.
If we talk about industrialization, it must cover
Socio - Economic transformation of the human
society. Economic transformation involves the
exploitation of natural resources, for example;
mining has been linked to instability of the earth
surface as well as emission of the obnoxious
gases, leading to climate change and
environmental changes.
In under developing countries, rules &
regulations are lax while level of ignorance is
high, industrialization leads to huge increase in
pollution, uncontrolled exploitation and inability
to link between non-performances of social
responsibilities to non-functionality of systems.
A lot of examples around us, for example, in
Nigeria, with the introduction of the plastic
packaging, indiscriminate dumping of such
wastes has led to blockage of drainage channels,
flooding in some of the areas, rapid growth of
Malaria cases and other water borne diseases.
This is purely due to poor social behavior.
SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
The picture has been crystal clear that
industrial development as it is practiced today
is not sustainable. Increased industrialization
cannot be encouraged without considering the
account of climate change and its
consequences.
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
SANA FATIMA

What measures should be taken? A very
familiar question to all of us . Here are the few
strategies for sustainable industrial
development, expected to have a positive
impacts on industry in future, if we could
considered in a real sense;
 Increased industrial responsibility for clean
production processes and for environment-
friendly products.
 Not only individual, but a comprehensive
supervision and treatment of all industrial
plants.
 Increased investments to prevention
pollution and waste treatment.
 Increased influence of powerful
environmental bodies on industrial decision
making on national & international level.
 Switch from toxic to non-toxic materials.
 Switch from coal and oil use to gas and solar
energy use.
 Create products which are degradable and
whose byproducts are non-toxic.
We have lost green Earth, now we are standing in
a red zone. Globally we all are facing extreme
climate events. Isn’t enough for us? A lot of
policies, laws, acts, rules & regulations scattered
around us but this is the time to being responsible.
This is the time to open your eyes. We are already
late to awaken.
Is it possible to encourage
industrialization and still
manage the climate
change????
About the Author
Sana Fatima is an experienced Environment Health Safety Manager with a demonstrated history of
working in the environmental services industry. Skilled in Environmental Compliance, Inspection, Safety
Management Systems, Manufacturing, and Teamwork. Strong healthcare services professional with a
Master's degree focused in Environmental Studies from Karachi University, and currently associated with
textile sectors as health and safety specialists.

Being a developing country there are
some problems that are being
mentioned in a research paper for achieving
Sustainable development Goals. While over
viewing the whole topic. I came to release that
perhaps there are some issues that lie same in
Pakistan as well. While the approach was first
started with Millennium Development Goals.
Now basically there are some points which the
millennium Development Goals were about to
hit and made substantial changes at least it
didn’t turn out towards. But our Focus here is
not pointing out the draw backs that
Millennium Development Goals hold. The 7th
Goal in Millennium Development Goals were
about to Target Environmental Sustainability.
This Goal was about to Target sustainable
development into country Policy and also
ensure safe drinking water all among to be
followed by 2020. However, this Goal has not
brought much changes. Now the problems that
Sustainable Development Goals are about to
bring. First of all, whatever the metrics that are
being set needed to be well understood by the
community. While most of the time in our
current scenario our community doesn’t know
the safe levels of drinking water and also about
the level air that should be considered
breathable. About this we need to educate
people so that they can play their role in the
implementation of these standards. Hence
People will be able to know their progress and
also know what the levels that needs to be
considerable. Second problem is that there are
measures that needed to be taken to measure
and evaluate progress. Perhaps for measuring
this careful monitoring on yearly basis is
effective approach. In this manner it will be
clarified that either SDGS (sustainable
development Goals) are catering effectively or
not. Also, Biodiversity measurement plays a
huge role for helping to understand the
sustainability of eco system. So, in that manner
Pakistan has to set its priority towards the
responsible institutions for gathering data
related to biodiversity. In that manner effective
decision making will play its role.
Again, while reviewing and reading that I
released that educating the community in
terms of sustainability is quite essential. Either
in terms of a campaign or so. These are the
actions that cannot be possible without public
participation. Perhaps this needs a strong hand
to hand relationship of Scientist and
Government. Developing country like Pakistan
needed to address these challenges for
implementing Sustainable Development Goals
mindfully only in that manner sustainability
will be about to achieved.
PROBLEMS BEING FACED BY
PAKISTAN IN ACHIEVING SDGs
TAHIRA AFZAL
About the Author
Taira Afzal has completed her BS in Environmental Science from Bahria University Environmental
Science. She is result-oriented college graduate with a background in performing scientific research and
environmental risk management studies, and now playing role as a writer to educate others about latest
environmental issues from different forums.

Water is our most precious resource
and is vital to our lives. It also
serves as the lifeline of our environment. All
living things would die and our environment will
be deteriorated to the maximum if it weren't for
water.
Without water, neither small businesses nor
major global industries can function. Not family
farms or major agribusinesses. Not energy
production facilities or computer
manufacturers or steel companies. Similarly,
poor water quality, or limited or unreliable
access to water means higher costs for all
businesses – and all consumers. Water scarcity
means greater risks for a community’s long-
term viability and a negative impact on their
competitiveness.
It also means that a community’s ability to grow
and create jobs is at risk. Regardless of debate
whether water has become the new oil, one
thing is certain: water is ironically both taken for
granted and serves as the engine of our
economy. If not properly managed, water
scarcity will directly affect the local ability to
grow and create jobs.
Water cover two-third of the surface of Earth,
but fresh water is just 0.002 percent of it and we
are depleting this non-renewable resource at a
very fast rate. Our water consumption is very
high and it is estimated that an average person
uses about 90 gallons per day. In developed
countries the average person uses around 150-
250 gallons of water daily. Even more water is
used by industries to generate electricity,
manufacture things, and transport people and
goods.
According to the Second UN World Water
Development Report, if present levels of
consumption continue, two-thirds of the global
population will live in areas of water stress by
2025. Increasing human demand for water
coupled with the effects of climate change mean
that the future of our water supply is not secure.
As of now, 2.6 billion people do not have safe
drinking water. Added to this, are the changes in
climate, population growth and lifestyles. The
changes in human lifestyle and activities
require more water per capita .
ECONOMICAL WATER USAGE
MUHAMMAD ABUBAKAR

This tightens the
competition for water
amongst agricultural,
industrial, and human
consumption. Right
now, many companies
already consider water
resources when
making decisions about
where to invest or
locate facilities. And
they are giving
preference to areas
where water risks are
lowest.
These businesses understand what
policymakers are now coming to realize: When
water resources are unhealthy or unreliable,
businesses cannot grow and cannot hire or
sustain a workforce. Local commerce suffers,
incomes decline, tax revenues fall. The effects
are very real and they are felt immediately and
acutely.
It is also quite important for the general public
and governmental organizations to realize the
worth of the lifeline of our planet. With one-third
of the world's population living in countries
which are experiencing water shortages, it is
unforgivable that so little is done on the
governmental level to preserve and ensure
proper management of this invaluable and life-
giving resources.
Mismanagement of freshwater resources is
also causing floods where there were never any
floods, droughts where there never any
droughts. Take for example rivers: we dam
them, divert them, and devalue them.
Overuse of water in homes also leaves less
fresh water for use in agriculture. If plants
cannot be watered due to shortages, crop yields
are reduced and the food supply for humans and
for livestock is threatened. The fresh water that
is cleaned and delivered to homes and
businesses is often taken from aquatic
environments in which the plants and animals
rely on the water to survive. If too much water is
removed from these systems and not returned
in equal quantities, species become
endangered.
Therefore the precautions below should be
taken in order to manage the water being
delivered to the communities.
Toilet flushing accounts for about a third of
household water usage. We probably flush
away as much water in a day as we drink in a
whole month. The most efficient ways to reduce
this is by choosing a water-saving or low-flush
version when buying a new toilet and throwing
cotton wool, sanitary products and other waste
in the bin, not the toilet.

Currently the new appliances being introduced
by major brands have an energy label on them
which shows how much energy efficient they
are. Use of such appliances can lead to reduced
water usage and electricity consumption.
The concept of reusing water is also gaining
popularity and developed countries have
introduced systems for domestic water reuse.
All the water from household activities apart
from the water from toilets can be reused for
car washing and gardening purpose.
It is also important to make sure that there are
no water leakages in your house. A dripping tap,
losing just two drips a second, wastes up to 26
liters of water a day. Simple plumbing jobs can
save a lot of water without being expensive.
In the last decade or so people around the globe
have started to realize the importance of water.
The Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
and mass media have imparted a lot of
information about economical water usage.
Now many countries have their own effective
laws and standards concerned with drinking
water and waste water. Apart from that the
international development organizations like
World Bank and Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA) and many more
have their own water quality standards which
are complied with in the international projects
in developing and underdeveloped countries.
The multinational companies have also
revolutionized economical water usage by
introducing the concept of Water Auditing and
reducing the water usage in their
manufacturing processes.
Being responsible citizens, we also have a great
responsibility of economical use of the most
precious resource on the planet resting on our
shoulders. Therefore, it is the need of the hour
that we take the initial initiative from our homes
and change our habits of wasting water.
“You are 60% water, save
60% of yourself.”
“Thousands have lived
without love, not one
without water.”
About the Author
Muhammad Abubakar is graduated in Environmental Sciences as well as International Relations from
University of the Punjab, Lahore. Currently pursuing MS Environmental Sciences from Punjab
University, Lahore. He is awarded with Co-curricular Role of honor from University of the Punjab. By
passion, he is a public Speaker & Youth Activist.

While catapulting a household trash
filled with plastic, glass, paper, and
cuisine waste, is public bother to conceive about
the fate of that stuff being produced by them?
Humans across tropics to poles possess a
ubiquitous and crackerjack of not wasting a
minute even, in casting waste quickly as soon as
garbage trash gets filled, with a perception to
keep their homes spick-and-span, however,
almost all of them, that while, entirely ignore
the bitter corporality of boat-loading their
ultimate home i.e. the earth with pollution and
contamination.
A bunch of waste, if thrown in a neighbor house,
and unluckily, if it comes to their knowledge, a
wise person surely knows the aftermath
consequences. Nevertheless, it is the virtuoso
and fantabulousness of earth, receiving and
being impacted since the start of life from Adam
to the all life forms being dead or alive and has
been impacted on by either a smallest insect
e.g. fairyflies (0.5-1.0 mm) to blue whale (100 ft
long) including currently more than 7.6 billon
humans. This fact proves how much vitality
earth have in this regard. But this silent victim
spite of bearing all the repercussions does not
earns any credibility.
According to FAO-UN (Federal Agriculture
Organization of United Nation), presently earth
has consecrated its 11% portion (1.5 billion
hectares) for feeding those more than 7.6 billion
humans who pollute it almost 920.2 thousand
tons of human waste each day. Additionally, the
fuel resources which make raw crops to cooked
food on table plausible, also provided by earth in
the form of wood, coal, gas and geothermal
energy resources. For example, among all
countries in the world, in Pakistan, according to
Sui Northern and Southern official website 5.3
million of consumer and 2.8 million connections
respectively, which are progressively
flourishing in numbers, are dependent upon the
sui-natural gas for cooking.
Almost 3928 km3 of water per year is extracted
by the mighty earth to overcome the quench of
all humans` thrust and performing other
operations (agriculture accounts for 70%), on
the planet (UN, UNESCO and FAO 2018).
LUCKILY, EARTH DON’T HAVE
TONGUE
MUHAMMAD ZEESHAN QASIM

Meanwhile, humans, sadly, with all due
disrespect return its 56% (2212 km3) sewage
water containing nitrates, phosphorous,
suspended and dissolved solids and coliform
bacteria, human feces, chemical constituents
from soaps, shampoo and washing powders
along with industrial composition (chemical
residues, oil particles, silt, sand, alkalis,
pesticides, lubricating oil, paint, cleaning liquids,
etc.), that causes steadfast affliction to our
global provider i.e. earth without the concern of
where this water will be end, to whom it will
affect and which resources of earth will be
deteriorated. While digging a hole in a private
property can create plethora of detrimental
consequences and in the meanwhile, humans
have a little concern during digging the earth
crust as much deep as their greed, while using
the face of their necessities, likewise the case of
Mponeng mine in Johannesburg, South Africa is
deepened up to 4000 meters. Moreover, it is the
earth that enables the global transport and
affirms physical channels of communication
through provision of almost 99.3 million barrels
of oil per day to the entire world and in return
humans give the impertinent gifts in the form
greenhouse gases i.e. CO2; 44.1 million tons with
an average total of 55.3 million tons ( IPCC,
World Statistics). Besides, several other
anthropogenic substances include, Sulphur
dioxide, Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, aerosols and
particulate matter etc. All these gases are the
ultimate culprits of global warming, ozone
depletion, frequent episodes of smog across the
world and other ilk of global air pollution further,
Pakistan occupies the 4th position in this regard
(World Health Organization).
The true essence of crown of creation is only
fulfilled when so-called humans make earth and
its lifetime important resources into their
immense consideration. Earth should be
protected like people protect their private
properties. Earth must be secured and
organized like a home after its establishments
because without it, where homes will be
constructed? It requires servicing and should be
maintained like vehicles on appropriate
intervals because without roads networks on
earth crust, where cars will be driven. As bread
and palatable water earn respect, earth must be
treated accordingly because without earth how
humans find food and water on their table? The
international governments` sole responsibility
is to change public perception and aware them
that humans belong to earth not the earth to
them. All the animate and inanimate resources
including humans are like the parentage of earth
that unites together to form a global family and
whatever befalls the earth will eventually befall
its ancestry. Humans are not the champions of
global food web rather a mere component of it
and whatever they done with this web, they
eventually cause it to themselves.
Finally, this transition phase demands that
humanity must have to change themselves
because when small-scaled earth-abusing
actions on individual basis will be altered
through Sustainable Development Ideology, and
subsequently multiplied with more than 7.6
billion (global population), earth will get some
relief. This is the time to think and act for the
sake of earth vitality and for our owns. Because,
humans don’t have any planet to live without
mighty earth who is providing its versatile
services not anybody else. Humans express
their emotions by shouting and elaborating their
pains by speaking however, earth neither spoke
about the anthropogenic brutalism since life
started, nor presently by billions of humans
because luckily earth do not have tongue.
About the Author
Mr. Muhammad Zeeshan Qasim is graduate of Environmental Sciences Department from
COMSATS University. He is a gold medalist and hopefully he will be a postgraduate in
Chonnam National University Gwangju, South Korea.

Climate change, we have been hearing
from past many years about this word
but today it’s here! It’s not a future problem
anymore but a current major threat to the whole
world.
Earth is self-sustaining body as we say in
scientific term- it has its own processes and
cycles that have been going on since the
formation of Earth. It has natural process for
every single thing- dead matter? Decomposers
are present! Limited water? Water cycle is there
that recycles the water, basically there is every
natural process that makes earth a self-
sustaining body that does not require any
external force or intervention (except sunlight).
these processes however are slow. As Earth
has limited resources which require a certain
replenishment time making these processes
slow and steady.
But unfortunately, there has been an ever-
growing force that is increasingly disturbing
these natural Earth processes and overloading
them, Humans! The rapid increase in human
population is somewhat the major cause of this
overburdening. Earth has a specific carrying
capacity-the load it can carry without any
drastic changes. But since the population is
growing continuously it is placing more and
more pressure on the limited resources of the
Earth thus disturbing the Earth’s natural
processes. Clearing of forests for wood and
human settlements, over exploitation of
resources, pollution all of these are the
anthropogenic activities that has altered the
natural processes and the outcome we have
today is Climate change!
As most of the scientist agree on the fact that
climate change is a result of Anthropogenic
activities or has at least been accelerated by
human activities but the main question that now
comes is who will pay the cost of this damage
that we have done?
Will it be animals? plants? humans? which
countries? The answer is all! surely everyone
will be affected in one way or another- some
will experience more drastic and intense
impacts while some will experience less
damaging impacts. Some will see it in terms of
water scarcity, some will experience it in form
of frequent hazards like hurricanes, tornadoes
and floods, some will be affected by increased
temperatures but above all some will pay this
cost through their extinction.
CLIMATE CHANGE: WHO WILL PAY
THE COST?
SYEDA ZINNIA IQBAL

World’s biodiversity is already declining
alarmingly, some species have already been
declared as extinct while many as endangered
species in the past few years mainly because of
habitat destruction, alteration, fragmentation
and high levels of pollution, e.g. The
Rhinoceros. The scientific community has
termed it as the ‘sixth extinction’ after a famous
publication. According to which the past 5
extinction has been mainly due to meteorites or
volcanic eruptions but this 6th
one will be due to
humans! On the other hand, humans will also
pay the cost in form of more frequent and
extreme hazards, water scarcity which has
already been merging in many parts of the
world, as the ice-caps have started to melt at a
rate faster than the usual melting, it is causing
reduction in ice cover over Antarctica and
Arctic regions along with many glaciers over
the land which are a vital source of freshwater
for humans. With this important source of
freshwater declining this fast will not only
cause water scarcity but also reduce the
albedo of the Earth- the reflectivity due to ice/
snow thus causing more and more heat from
sun to fall on ground and heat the surface
further. Furthermore, shifts in climatic belts
due to temperature and precipitation changes
will affect agricultural lands leaving most of
today’s productive lands unproductive and unfit
for agriculture. All of these changes will
severely impact the human communities.
About 40% of the world’s population and most
of the developed and big cities which lie on the
coast will be directly affected by the rise in sea
level and the corresponding hazards like
floods, hurricanes and tornadoes. Hence all
will be affected if this problem is not tackled in
time.
Serious efforts on national and international
levels are required to tackle effectively with the
change that will affect the whole world equally.
About the Author
Ms. Syeda Zinnia Iqbal is a young passionate university student working towards an
Environmental sciences degree. Currently, she is doing bachelors from Bahria University,
Islamabad. She is hoping to do majors in water resource management and use her knowledge of
environmental studies to work for the betterment of environment.

It is the most recent episode that thick fog
covers Lahore, blocking out the winter
sunshine, closing off the motorway after dusk
and preventing flights from landing at the
international airport at night. Resident of
Lahore are facing a dense blanket of smog that
have reduced visibility for commuters and
responsible for several respiratory and mental
illness. The problem has grown worse over the
last five years due to the high levels of pollution
and poor air quality in the city, created by
increasing vehicular, industrial emissions, coal
-based power plants, and burning of agriculture
waste. Basically, smog is a mixture of different
pollutants, including oxides of nitrogen (NOx),
oxides of Sulphur (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO),
particulate Matter (PM), volatile organic
compounds (VOC), and the ozone. The main
pollutant responsible for smog built up is NOx.
In history, the most lethal smog was developed
in 1952, the London’s Great Smog, when more
than 12,000 deaths were reported due to traffic
accidents and respiratory illness. In 2012,
Beijing also faced deadliest smog and resulted
in large number of casualties. But in the most
recent event, Lahore in Pakistan and Delhi in
India is also hit by the smog. An agri-waste
processing facility is working under the Punjab
Agro Industries Corporation Limited in India.
They buy the agri-waste from the farmers and
sell it to the power plants and industries as an
alternative to coal. Farmers were demanding a
raise in the money for agri-waste, which was
turned down. Because it became impossible to
revise the rates in a fiscally responsible manner
and the rates of agri-waste have almost
doubled since 2013.
SMOG IN PAKISTAN
HUMERA QASIM KHAN

As per NASA’s report, the main reason for the
smog is crop burning which originates from
India, particularly Indian Punjab with the city of
Jalandhar centered around According to New
York Times, the farmers in those areas burn the
left-over straw instead of getting rid of it
through other means. The left-over straw is as
much as 32 million tones, which explains the
cause of the smog. The farmers are of the view
that they cannot afford to buy expensive
equipment to clear the land, so they resort to
burning it instead.
And thus, farmers in Indian Punjab burnt their
agri-waste after their requested price was
disapproved. Per Pakistan’s Meteorological
Department, “The main source of the pollutants
in the lower atmosphere is Eastern Punjab
where all the coal-based industries are
centered (across the border in India).
Air pollution needs to be urgently addressed as
Lahore is now amongst the most polluted cities
in Asia. In the winter, with delayed rainfall, the
cold and continuously dry conditions retain all
the pollutants in the lower levels of the
atmosphere, causing the smog to spread all
over the Punjab.
There is a need of action plan to address
alarming situation of air pollution. Government
should contrivance an air quality index with
health advisory and pollution emergency
measures. Specific mitigation measures should
be adopted by government and policy makers to
control the growing air pollution like the use of
sprinklers and mist fountains, smoke tappers in
crematoriums, and waste management to
minimize emission of methane gas caused by
burning at landfill sites. Plantation of more
trees can mitigate the spell of these chemical
gases.
About the Author
Humera Qasim is Hubert Humphrey Fellow 2016-17, Cornell Climate Fellow 2019 and Lead Auditor EMS
14001-2015. She has almost 11 national and international publications. Currently she is engaged with
Punjab agriculture department as climate change advisor, and extremely dedicated to contribute for
protecting nature.

That buzzing sound just woke you up and
you snoozed the alarm again to get the
satisfaction of rest for ten minutes more. You
finally wake up and leave your bed messy
because you’re late for work. You rush to the
bathroom, brush your teeth, wash your face and
jump right into the hot shower to relax to those
aching muscles from a tiring day yesterday.
Once suited up after using a number of
electronics from hair dryer and shaver to tea
and sandwich maker, you rush your breakfast
and breathe. You grab your keys, wallet, sun
glasses, cellphone, briefcase containing your
documents and laptop. You walk in the drive way
to your car and rush off just to find yourself
stuck in a traffic jam at 8:38 AM when you have
to reach office at 9:00! The tension and urge to
get things done with 24 hours yet not being
enough reminds you of urban lifestyle and
modernism. The need of rushing with time and
those dues, make you realize that this job is a
need. The social pressures of keeping up to the
trends and yet thinking about that weekend you
promised your family still has to be planned, for
the mere fact of social acceptance on Facebook
and twitter! You realize and feel a thousand
things in that very moment. The only thing you
don’t realize is how did, we, as mankind ended
up with this psychology and lifestyle. The
answer is ANTHROPOCENE! The age of Man.
We, as human beings, have not just evolved with
time physically and emotionally, but also
mentally. By learning from mistakes of history,
we call ourselves better than those who were
before us.
But again, it is because of those simpler times
and the same societal pressures that together
created the modern age. The industrial
revolutions, the breakthrough in modern
medicine, the questions of worlds beyond the
stars and the urge of knowing the secrets of the
deepest trenches of the oceans led us to ‘Today’.
We made time complicated for us and after all
this hard work, we are still not satisfied. We lost
this satisfaction with time as we have gone
against laws of nature to make ends meet. We
tried to evolve against the time of nature. We
went too far with resources and what was being
provided by nature to us.
THE END OF ANTHROPOCENE
AMNA RIAZ
ANTHROPOCENE
THE AGE OF MAN

We extracted, burnt, cut, harvested, depleted,
poached, hunted and finally made it go extinct in
a blink of an eye because we raced against time
simply for the urge of more.
Humans have proved it scientifically that
human body is the most complex from of life.
Made up of thousands of cells, all functioning
individually yet connected together, to make
this life form eat, breathe think and exist. In
terms of intellect, humans have above par
intelligence because of yet another complex
system of neurons and psychology, again
proved scientifically. Collectively, there doesn’t
exist even a single life-form on this planet that
can excel complicated human biology. Yet we as
humans, have failed to understand that every
other ‘simple’ life-form, exists to benefit us.
From microscopic phytoplankton that drifts the
shallow waters of massive oceans that to those
giant eucalyptus trees that take more than ten
years to grow tall provides oxygen for us to
breathe. Those sponges in the sea that may
seem idle, filter waste from seawater that we
dump in it. That Vaquita Porpoise which is
struggling its survival for decades, has been
controlling the populations of those sea
creatures that we cannot eat. The apex
predators called crocodiles have actually seen
dinosaurs that are poached and killed for their
tough skin used in tanning industry. Those rare
birds that migrate thousands of miles each year
between ecosystems are hunted as trophies or
fine-dine cuisine. Those bumblebees that
pollinate rare flowers and make honey, are on a
verge of extinction because we have put a price
tag on everything they’re dependent upon.
We, as humans, may have succeeded these
creatures biologically and intellectually but in
terms of contributing back to nature, we have
failed to understand this business. We started
by taking what nature provided us but we are
ending it by ending nature itself. Humans
appeared in the end, and succeeded every life-
form as well as the planet. We seem to know it
all, we seem to calculate it all as well; but lesser
we know is that nature produced us and hence if
we were gifted power, we were gifted to protect
nature and not destroy it. Turning ourselves
against nature and time will result in harsh
consequences because those will remain even
after us. It is us that may not be there to see it.
About the Author
Ms. Amna Riaz is Marine biologist by degree, teacher by profession and
philanthropist by nature. She is an endowed young lady. She’s currently engaged
with British Council as Venue Staff and Beaconhouse School System as an O Levels
Environmental Management part-time Teacher and Centre of Excellence in Marine
Biology, University of Karachi as a Junior Research Scholar.

The topic which comes into discussion
today is, how the change in climatic
conditions of the world is affecting countries
globally. It can safely be claimed that these days
it is the highly discussed topic internationally
and people are trying their best to cope up with
this alarming situation. Our earth’s surface is
warming rapidly and we can already see social,
economic and environmental impacts in
Australia, among various other countries.
This article will be focusing on some of the
changes that are being faced specifically in
South Australia (SA) due to the climatic and
environmental changes. Few years back, it was
predicted that the weather of South Australia
will be getting drier and hotter with more
prevalent periods of droughts and fire related
conditions continuing to increase. Recently in
SA, during the past 3 months, there have been
evident instances of climatic change, which can
be linked to the overall changes that this region
is facing due to change in climatic conditions.
Two of the most prominent impacts have been
observed in the form of (1) record breaking high
temperatures in South Australia and (2) local
famers suffering losses and being unable to
sustain their livelihoods.
Before I discuss the high temperatures
experienced in recent summers, it must be
clarified that the weather pattern in Australia is
changed from different parts of the world as it
lies in the Southern Hemisphere.
AUSTRALIA: WARNING SIGNS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE EMERGENCE
MUHAMMAD ZOHAIR AHMED KHAN
Hence, the summer
season starts from
November and
winter season starts
from May. Usually
the rainfall season is
experienced here in
the winters from May
till September.

This current summer season, temperatures
soared to record breaking heights in the month
of January. SA, was a bright scorching day which
saw everyone buying and stocking up on water
as they worked because it was predicted that
this could be the kind of the hottest day, which
this city had not experienced in the last 2
decades!
As the day came to an end it was reported that
the highest temperature officially recorded was
47°C and this had been experienced after almost
40 years in Adelaide, SA. Apart from this record-
breaking hottest day, the general days of this
season also saw an increase in higher
temperatures being recorded of more than 35°C
unlike previous seasons. This posed a real threat
to the likelihood of fire season starting earlier.
In this region it is considered to be a very long
period of no rainfall and such periods were not a
frequent occurrence here earlier. The climate
changes are also affecting the local farmers as
well. However, unfortunately due to the high
temperatures being experienced in South
Australia, many farmers are being forced to
close their farms as their cattle is bearing the
brunt of the heat with vast numbers of the
animals getting sick or dying as a result of it. In
these dire circumstances, the retail giants of
Australia sensed a pressing need for steps to be
taken for providing support to the local farming
industry. As a result, they have decided to
increase the milk prices by 10 cents so that the
additional money can go directly to support the
local farmers. In these times of changing
climatic conditions which have far reaching
consequences, the agencies and councils of SA
are working diligently to find out the important
factors that are responsible for indirectly or
directly affecting local conditions. However, it is
still quite early to say that these changes been
directly brought about by the Global Change in
Climatic conditions but the connection with the
same can also not be ruled out.
About the Author
Muhammad Zohair Ahmed Khan is from Karachi, Pakistan. He is currently living
in Adelaide, South Australia and is working with Peregrine Corporation. By
profession he is an Environment Specialist, having a professional engineering
background with Masters in Environmental Sciences. Furthermore, he has
worked with different consultant firms, organizations, Donor Agencies and
NGO’s in United States, Middle East and Pakistan.
Climate Change is pushing
desperate Kangaroos
towards water territories!

The strength with which climate change will
impact a country is based upon three main
factors; the water conservation practices,
overall forest cover and the agricultural
practices of the country. Unfortunately,
Pakistan has issues with all the three sectors
mentioned above and therefore is placed
among the top 10 countries that will have
devastating outcomes due to climate change.
When it comes to agricultural practices
Pakistan still observes outdated methods that
require more resource inputs as compared to
the outcomes. Pakistan need agricultural
reforms on a state level as these issues will not
solve themselves on its own.
The farmers in Pakistan lack basic education.
Since past year I have been working in Pakistan
as an agricultural consultant. During this time, I
have interacted farmers from all sort of
backgrounds. These farmers make mistakes
that if prevented can reduce the yield loss by a
significant amount. The data shows how much
yield loss is being faced by farmers of Central
Punjab during the past 4 years. The maximum
yield loss was observed to be around 36.2%
whereas among 21% of farms there was no yield
loss observed. This decrease in yield was
observed to take place because of several
environmental and anthropogenic factors.
The global food demand is increasing as is the
need to improve agricultural practices. Due to
lack of education, farmers of Pakistan make
tiny mistakes which can potentially cause a
significant issue leading to reduced amount of
produced yield. As per the conducted survey it
was concluded that almost 60% of yield loss
was associated with problems that occur due to
climate change. The most prominent issues
observed among the farms regarding yield loss
were associated with climate change.
Water scarcity was observed to be most
common issue associated with yield reduction
among farmers of Central Punjab. Another
commonly observed problem was destruction
of crop due to extreme weather which includes
problems such as dry spell, intense storms or
unpredicted rainfall. Around 46% people agreed
that weather phenomenon were responsible
for yield loss. Along with these two, other
issues that were commonly observed to reduce
farmers yield were soil salinity and over
fertilization. Most of these problems can be
resolved by simply educating the farmers thus
improving the yield and contributing to
economics of Pakistan.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND FARMERS OF
PUNJAB
NASAR ALAM

Water scarcity is a commonly observed matter
which can cause devastating impacts on crop
yield. There are several aspects which can
reduce the water availability for the farmers.
Although Pakistan has one of the most
improved water canal system yet there are
farmers who do not have enough water
available to them throughout the year.
Around 57% of farmers claimed that water
scarcity was an issue which was faced by them
and impacts their crop yield, where as only 9%
of farmers were sure there was no problem
regarding water availability that was impacting
their crop yield.
Problems associated with water can be solved
with water conservation techniques such as
water storage and improved irrigation system.
Water storage can be done by either rain water
harvesting which is one of the most used
technique across the globe, along with it canal
water can also be stored for usage at the time of
need. Improved irrigation system such as drip
irrigation or sprinkle irrigation can reduce the
water requirement for field by 70 percent. It is
also a cost-efficient method to provide fertilizer
to crop. Overall a combination of both these
techniques can fulfill the water requirements of
the crop thus preventing the yield loss.
Farmers of Central Punjab were also observed
to be impacted by weather phenomenon.
Extreme weather harms crop yield in several
different ways. The most common is
destruction due to storms. During the period of
past 4 years abrupt storms has been a real
problem across Punjab. Immature plants can
recover from impact of strong winds by
repairing itself however once the plant passes
the stage of maturation it does not recover from
such impacts. Unpredicted or unexpected
storms which occur after the maturation of
crop can cause devastating effect on crop
yields. This impact can be reduced by adjusting
the sowing of seed while considering expected
storm dates. A slight change in sowing time can
help reclaim almost all the yield lost due to this
phenomenon.
Another commonly known phenomenon
associated with extreme weathers is dry spell.
Dry spell creates water scarcity which has
been previously discussed. Retro to water
scarcity is a problem which is not really
addressed when it comes to yield loss.
However, while interviewing the farmers it was
observed to be common occurrence.

Most farmers mentioned
water logging or excessive
watering due to rainfall as one
of the issues that costed them
crop yield. Although the yield
loss is not much but
considering how much water
could be conserved instead of
leaching the fertilizer the
environmental and economic
cost of this event is very high.
Excessive watering occurs
when rainfall isn’t predicted by
the farmer and the water is
applied to crop.
As a result, when the rainfall
occurs the farm gets water
logged causing nutrients to leach down into
ground water or nearby streams. This problem
can be easily avoided by providing farmers with
appropriate equipment to predict rainfall.
Around 46% of farmers claimed that
extreme weather was impacting their
crop yield however only 15% were sure
it was not a phenomenon that is
impacting their yield.
The findings can be used to conclude
that a significant decrease in farmers
yield was there because of lack of
education. While working in the field up
to 80% of reduced yield was recovered
by using the techniques shared above
however, although we cannot give all
the credits to above techniques for it,
we can surely say that by simply
educating our farmer and providing
them with appropriate techniques we
reclaim and increase our yield thus
improving the economy of Pakistan.
About the Author
Nasar Alam is heading Pakistan Environmental Journalists and have number of intellectual journalists
who are engaged to report environmental issues in Pakistan. He believes to generate social awareness
regarding environmental issues in Pakistan is much needed activity as most of our peoples lacks
environmental knowledge

Environmentally, sustainable development is
described as social equity between generations
“by meeting the environmental and
occupational needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their needs”. The European Union and
the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
have embraced cleaner production as a policy
framework to achieve environmental
sustainability. Training and Development
Centers of the Bavarian Employers Association
(bfz) gGmbH is one of the largest private
providers of vocational training in Germany. In
Pakistan the International Division of bfz has
implemented project ESPIRE, a partnership
project with local trade associations that is
funded by the German Ministry for Economic
Cooperation and Development via Sequa
gGmbH.
It has been considered by the United Nations
Environmental Programme as the basic
strategy for sustainability. Integral to a cleaner
production strategy is pollution prevention (PP)
— “the use of materials, processes or practices
that reduce or eliminate the creation of
pollutants or wastes at the source.” Source
reduction has been the tactic of choice to
achieve pollution prevention. Since 1990,
pollution prevention has evolved to become
part of a more comprehensive policy
framework of cleaner production.
CP/PP provides a coordinated approach to
primary prevention, eliminating the possibility
of pollution- related health effects and
superseding “end-of-pipe” interventions. CP/
PP has critical implications for occupational
health as well.
CLEANER PRODUCTION
THE KEY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
KASHIF IQBAL BUTT

The important conceptual change is shift from
“control of environmental exposures” to their
“prevention through source reduction”. The
changes in process methods allows the
workplace/department/section as a separate
source of pollution when undertaking a
systematic evaluation of pollution sources.
When industries that use chemicals as raw
materials begin to use CP/PP to change
materials and processes, there are
opportunities to decrease workplace
exposures.
In the past, control of workplace exposures has
consisted of end-of-pipe interventions that did
not systematically examine root causes.
Therefore, it was not recognized that a
preferred engineering control, such as local
exhaust ventilation, shifted the hazard burden
from the workplace to the ambient environment
in the form of air pollution or, solid hazardous
waste i.e. Filters. In a comprehensive CP/PP
approach, environmental health and
occupational health scientists need to work
together to avoid shifting hazards from one
medium to another, such as from workplace to
community air, or from industrial waste to
community water.
The six general PP (source-reduction) tactics
that most directly affect environmental and
occupational health are as follows: raw
material substitution or reduced use, by
addressing workplace problems as
comprehensive production closed-loop
recycling, process or equipment modification,
improvement of maintenance, reformulation of
products, and improvement of housekeeping
and training. Some examples of pollution
prevention interventions that incorporate
concern for reduction or elimination of work
exposures are the following:

 Eliminating use of elemental mercury for
switches in new car manufacturing, and
substituting with traditional electrical
switches, as the US EPA has recommended.
 Substituting water-based solvents for
perchloroethylene in industrial textile dry-
cleaning operations. This change eliminates
exposures to a potential human carcinogen
but also leads to improvement in dry-
cleaning job organization and reduction in
ergonomic risk factors.
 Substituting the solvent with the lowest
concentration of aliphatic organic chemicals
for organic solvents in cleaning printing ink
from metal surfaces in the offset
lithographic industry.
 Introducing an electrostatically delivered
coating to replace a paint with resin-based
epoxies in painting of small metal parts.
Occupational and environmental hygiene
should strive to change its focus from
secondary to primary prevention by addressing
workplace problems as comprehensive
production problems that have impact inside
and outside of the point of production.
Workplace problems should not be
compartmentalized from environmental
problems. CP/PP approaches need to be
integrated into occupational and environmental
health.
PARTNERS OF PROJECT EPSIRE
 Pakistan Hosiery Manufacturers and
Exporters Association (PHMA)
 Pakistan Readymade Garments
Manufacturers and Exporters Association
(PRGMEA)
 Towel Manufacturers Association of Pakistan
(TMA)
 Pakistan Association of Automotive Parts
and Accessories Manufacturers (PAAPAM)
 Small & Medium Enterprises Development
Authority (SMEDA)
The project has published success stories of CP
implementation in Pakistani Industries. The
know-how is available for Pakistani Industries,
Academia and Trade association. It is time to
take advantage of emerging technologies.
About the Author
Kashif Iqbal Butt is QHSE, TQM Executive and Change Facilitator with professional & academic
credentials and 18+ years of successful industrial experience. Provided effective project leadership in the
TQM, Safety and Environment management issues, successfully blended process improvements and cost
reduction initiatives in diversified industries (Engineering, Cement, FMCG, Oil and Gas and Automobile)
with pragmatic business approach to achieving far-reaching change and profitability.

MEET OUR COLLABORATIVE
LEADING ORGANISATIONS AND
CLIMATE ACTIVISTS

Massive Plastic debris is found
everywhere in the world of today &
poor human who don't even glance over how
fairly destructive it is for human life and
moreover marine life!
This issue must need to be addressed as it is
polluting every inhabitant here so the great
Abdul Haseeb who was opted as CLIMATE
AMBASSADOR through International Climate
Ambassador Program by CARE ABOUT CLIMATE,
who did expedite progress for the betterment of
environment. He was assigned a project for 3
months in which he did pre-eminent work. He
named it as Break Free Plastic Movement. He
conducted seminars and training sessions to
spread awareness about this campaign.
He went to different schools, colleges,
universities and to every common man to deliver
the cognizance of how plastic pollution has
devastating environment implications. Social
media & print media supported this campaign to
give exposure on this issue. He with his team
worked on vertical gardening & green wall to
increase the greenery and decrease the
Pollution.
Break Free Plastic Movement that was started
as a Campaign, but now it is a proper Student
Based Organization that is working not only in
around Pakistan but as well in abroad.
BFP-Movement aims to work
toward breaking World free from
the shackles of plastic pollution and
its toxic impact on humans, animals,
and the environment. Our main goal
is to spread the word about how
harmful plastic waste is for us and
for our generations to come.
Since 2018 Break Free Plastic
movement has been Opened its
Chapter in Five (5) Different
Countries, that includes England,
Nepal, Nigeria, Uganda and United
States of America.
BREAK FREE PLASTIC MOVEMENT
(BFPM)

According to a statistical data of USA, the USA is
using approximately 500 million straws every
day (enough straws to circle around the Earth
2.5 times!), that’s a lot of trash and potential
litter. According to the data of early 2018 from
Ocean Conservancy’s TIDES system, straws/
stirrers are the 11th most found ocean trash in
cleanups, making up about 3% of recovered
trash. Moreover, it takes over 200 years for a
plastic straw to be decomposed. Imagine the
amount of plastic we are adding to this world
merely in the form of straw every day!
Having said that, it is a well-established fact
now that the use of plastic straws should be
banned or else at least we should minimize its
usage to protect our mother earth. But the
question arises, what is the alternate? Do we
have any alternate if we stop using plastic
straws?
CURRENT PROJECTS AND EVENTS
This project was set to train 30 people on how to
produce charcoal briquettes from agricultural
biomass waste in Kumbotso Local Government
Area, of Kano State.
 Sustainable and Affordable Energy Project
in Nigeria. (This project was set to train 30
people on how to produce charcoal
briquettes from agricultural biomass waste
in Kumbotso Local Government Area, of
Kano State
 BFPM Nepal celebrating Re-useable
Tuesday on weekly basis. (Crafting valuable
Products from Plastic Waste and also train
school students).
 Youth Training on Resource Management &
Vertical Gardening in remote Community of
Sindh.
 Plastic Pity Training at Governmental
Colleges.
As plastic is too much hazardous for the marine
life and ubiquitous that is clogging the streets
and draining throughout the cities. Mountains of
plastic trash is found in world's trash and more
than this 90% of plastic is found in guts of the sea
birds. It is even choking the life out of whales. To
conserve the marine life and to make the
environment better we need you to join us.
About more than 100 of NGOs all around the
world join forces to fight against this plastic
issue and Stepping forward to make the world
plastic free and all now the need is to join hands
and proceed the work. We by removing the
plastics by bio gradable products can help
reducing plastic pollution or to recycle the
products too. In Singapore about 84 outlets of
KFC stop providing plastic straws and caps of
plastic. We too need main culprits to join us in
this movement. We need to make every week a
beach clean-up day to prevent the pollution that
is causing marine life.
Support us to step forth and
join us in the plastic free
world.

Nature Conservation
Alliance Pakistan, NCAP, is
a student organisation,
founded by the students of
Institute of Environmental
Studies, University of
Karachi.
NCAP aims to create sense
of environmentalism among
local, private sectors and
government by indulging
them in eco-friendly
activities.
As together we make an
environment, which then
becomes an influencing factor for each
individual, it cannot be improved or move
towards betterment individually. Therefore, for
its betterment, we need to create a bridge of
alliance between local and government
working bodies. Nature Conservation Alliances
Pakistan is working to bring all the responsible
people on the same platform by creating
alliance and to move forward towards
betterment. NCAP is also working on shaping
minds positively by conducting different
awareness sessions and activities that impact
on human psychology. NCAP has started a
campaign named as "CASH OUR TRASH" in
which sessions on Waste Management are
conducted regarding what is waste? How is it
influencing our lives badly? How many types of
waste are there? How it can be managed and
how we can generate money by segregating our
waste? In this campaign the schools are
targeted and are motivated to introduce waste
management system at the institute, so that we
can move from mixed waste to zero waste
system. Hence, NCAP is working for the
betterment of our society and believes that our
society will become healthier.
NATURE CONSERVATION ALLIANCE
PAKISTAN (NCAP)

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