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The Chain Rule
The Problem Complex Functions Why? 		 not all derivatives can be found through the use of the power, product, andquotient rules
Working To A Solution Composite function f(g(x)) 	 f is the outside function, g is the inside function z=g(x), y=f(z), and y=f(g(x)) Therefore,  a small change in x leads to a small change in z 	 a small change in z leads to a small change in y
Working To A Solution cont. Therefore, 	(∆y/∆x) = (∆y/∆z) (∆z/∆x) Since (dy/dx)=limx0 (∆y/∆x) 	(dy/dx) = (dy/dz) (dz/dx) This is known as “The Chain Rule”
PushingFurther Looking back, z=g(x), y=f(z), and y=f(g(x)) Since (dy/dz)=f’(z) and (dz/dx)=g’(x)  (d/dx) f(g(x)) = f’(z) × g’(x) This allows us to rewrite the chain rule as ,[object Object],Therefore, the derivative of a composite function equals the derivative of the outside function times the derivative of the inside function
Example:[ (x^3) + 2x + 1 ]^3 inside function = z = g(x) = (x^3) + 2x + 1 outside function = f(z) = z^3 g’(x) = (3x^2) + 2 f’(g(x)) = 3 [ (x^3) + 2x + 1 ]^2 (d/dx) f(g(x)) = 3 [ (3x^2) + 2 ] [ (x^3) + 2x + 1 ]^2 			    = [ (9x^2) + 6 ] [ (x^3) + 2x + 1 ]^2
Examplee^(4x^2) inside function = z = g(x) = 4x^2 outside function = f(z) = e^z g’(x) = 8x f’(z) = e^z (d/dx) f(g(x)) = 8xe^z = 8xe^(4x^2)
Sources Slideshow created using Microsoft PowerPoint Clipart and themes supplied through Microsoft PowerPoint Mathematics reference and notation from “Calculus: Single and Multivariable” 4th edition, by Hughes-Hallet|Gleason|McCallum|et al.

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The Chain Rule Powerpoint Lesson

  • 2. The Problem Complex Functions Why?  not all derivatives can be found through the use of the power, product, andquotient rules
  • 3. Working To A Solution Composite function f(g(x))  f is the outside function, g is the inside function z=g(x), y=f(z), and y=f(g(x)) Therefore,  a small change in x leads to a small change in z  a small change in z leads to a small change in y
  • 4. Working To A Solution cont. Therefore,  (∆y/∆x) = (∆y/∆z) (∆z/∆x) Since (dy/dx)=limx0 (∆y/∆x)  (dy/dx) = (dy/dz) (dz/dx) This is known as “The Chain Rule”
  • 5.
  • 6. Example:[ (x^3) + 2x + 1 ]^3 inside function = z = g(x) = (x^3) + 2x + 1 outside function = f(z) = z^3 g’(x) = (3x^2) + 2 f’(g(x)) = 3 [ (x^3) + 2x + 1 ]^2 (d/dx) f(g(x)) = 3 [ (3x^2) + 2 ] [ (x^3) + 2x + 1 ]^2 = [ (9x^2) + 6 ] [ (x^3) + 2x + 1 ]^2
  • 7. Examplee^(4x^2) inside function = z = g(x) = 4x^2 outside function = f(z) = e^z g’(x) = 8x f’(z) = e^z (d/dx) f(g(x)) = 8xe^z = 8xe^(4x^2)
  • 8. Sources Slideshow created using Microsoft PowerPoint Clipart and themes supplied through Microsoft PowerPoint Mathematics reference and notation from “Calculus: Single and Multivariable” 4th edition, by Hughes-Hallet|Gleason|McCallum|et al.