The Catholic Church faced turmoil due to the Protestant Reformation. In response, the Pope sought to end corruption among clergy, established new schools for priests, and used the Council of Trent, Inquisition, and Jesuits to reaffirm Catholic doctrines of salvation through faith and works, try heretics using torture and execution, and spread Catholicism through education respectively. The Peace of Augsburg established that the ruler's religion dictated his realm's religion, granting secular rulers power over the church and establishing early religious freedom. By the late 1500s, the Catholic Reformation succeeded in making Rome more pious and regaining some lands, though Protestants dominated northern lands and Catholics the south.

1. Do Now The Catholic Church is in trouble…WHY???? What should they do about it?????

2. The Catholic (or Counter) Reformation How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

3. What did the Pope change? Set up stiff penalties for worldliness Sought to end corruption of clergy Created new schools for priests Used the Council of Trent, the Inquisition, and the Jesuits Ended sale of indulgences

4. What did the Council of Trent decide? Called by Pope to reform the Catholic Church Reaffirmed Catholic view of salvation through faith and good works

5. How was the Inquisition used? Inquisition=Church court to stop heresies (doing or saying anything against the Catholic Church) Used torture, execution, secret testimony etc. Prepared Index of Forbidden Books (included the works of Luther and Calvin)

6. How important were the Jesuits? Jesuits=Society of Jesus Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, a Spanish “knight” Purpose= to defend church from heresy and spread Catholic faith Believed in education, humanism, discipline, and obedience Often accompanied explorers in order to convert natives

7. What was the Peace of Augsburg? Religious fighting had been raging in Germany In 1555, Protestants and Catholics made peace Established “cuius regio, eius religio” or “in the Prince’s land, the Prince’s religion” 1 st time secular (worldly not religious) rulers could overrule church and 1 st example of religious freedom

8. Did the Catholic Reformation succeed? By late 1500’s Rome more pious (religious) Piety, charity, and religious art flourished Stopped Protestant tide and regained some Catholic lands Catholics in the South, Protestants in the North