The document summarizes several key events and developments within the Catholic Church between 1000-1500 AD. It discusses the Crusades, which were military campaigns sanctioned by the pope to retake Christian holy sites. It also mentions the founding of universities across Europe which helped spread scholarly teachings. Famous Catholic thinkers like Thomas Aquinas and Catherine of Siena are highlighted for their theological and mystical works. The document concludes with divisions the Church faced, such as the Avignon Papacy and Western Schism, as well as the Inquisition aimed at combating heresy.
New Testament Survey no.10: Luke - Acts of the ApostlesClive Ashby
As part of the Course on the New Testament, session 10 provides an overview of the second part of the writing of Luke - His historical account of the Acts of the Apostles. (This is part of the New Testament Survey Course taught at Harare Theological College - 2016)
New Testament Survey no.10: Luke - Acts of the ApostlesClive Ashby
As part of the Course on the New Testament, session 10 provides an overview of the second part of the writing of Luke - His historical account of the Acts of the Apostles. (This is part of the New Testament Survey Course taught at Harare Theological College - 2016)
This presentation provides a biblical basis for proper collection of tithes and offerings on the Sabbath day of worship. It demonstrates how the non-biblical custom of plate passing has crept into Seventh-day Adventist church services sometime after 1915. A call for reform is solicited.
Detailed summary for the 1st 20 centuries in the History of Christianity.
Starting with the Apostles and how the christian faith spread throughout the world
This presentation provides a biblical basis for proper collection of tithes and offerings on the Sabbath day of worship. It demonstrates how the non-biblical custom of plate passing has crept into Seventh-day Adventist church services sometime after 1915. A call for reform is solicited.
Detailed summary for the 1st 20 centuries in the History of Christianity.
Starting with the Apostles and how the christian faith spread throughout the world
Basic definitions and some discussion of 8 key concepts in discussing morality from the Catholic Tradition.
Christian Ethics 20, Christian Morality, Key Concepts in Morality
catholic sacraments. Christian Ethics 20, Saskatchewan Ministry of Education, encounter the sacred
Buy it: Total Catechesis, Laurie Delgatto, gen ed. Saint Mary's Press, Winona MN, 2004
This slideshow introduces a brief unit on Church history. The structure and assessment of the unit is provided.
This unit is a part of Christian Ethics 20, a Saskatchewan course, offered in the Catholic tradition.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Event: Crusades
• military campaigns sanctioned by the Latin Catholic Church
• 1095, Pope Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade
• with the stated goal of restoring Christian access to holy
places in and near Jerusalem.
• intermittent 200-year struggle for control of the Holy Land,
• six more major crusades and numerous minor ones.
• 1291, the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land falls
• After, Roman Catholic Europe mounted no further response
• Pursuing the stated goal led to some extreme violence
4. Event: Crusades
• Crusading attracted men and women of all classes.
• Several hundred thousand Roman Catholic Christians became
crusaders by taking a public vow and receiving plenary
indulgences from the church
• Temporary Crusader states in Holy Land expanded trade to
Europe
• United Europe under the pope, though armies are still
commanded by feudal lords
• Armies pillaged, lords refused to return lands to Byzantium
• Constantinople is sacked by Western Christians – Byzantine
Empire never recovers, Muslims conquer Constantinople in
1453
• Other violence includes massacres of Jews and Muslims
5. Crusades: Unifying or Divisive?
Unity Division
Unites Western
Europe under Pope
Alienates Orthodox
Church
Opens new trade
‘overseas’
Slaughters Jews
and Muslims
Gets people
excited
Ends in failure
6. Event: Universities
• most new universities were founded from pre-existing
schools, usually when these schools were deemed to have
become primarily sites of higher education.
• Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools
were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by
monasteries
• Bologna, Paris, Oxford were first in Europe
• Latin was the language of the university,
• used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations.
• Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural
philosophy, and metaphysics; while Hippocrates, Galen, and
Avicenna were used for medicine.
• Italian universities focused on law and medicine, while the
northern universities focused on the arts and theology.
• “an incubator of scientific thought and arguments”
10. St. Thomas Aquinas
1225-1274
• Joined the new Dominican Order against
his family’s wishes
• Studied, taught at Paris & Cologne universities
• Greatest and most influential theologian
• Used Greek philosophy to help understand the
meaning of Christian faith
• Wrote “Summa Theologica” a summary of all
Christian teaching - about 10,000 objections are proposed and
answered
• Had mystical experiences – eventually could not write any
more because all he had written was “straw” compared to the
real thing
11. Avignon Papacy
• Avignon Papacy 1309 to 1377,
• seven successive popes resided in Avignon, France, rather
than in Rome
• This situation arose from the conflict between the Papacy and
the French crown.
"Avignon,PalaisdesPapesbyJMRosier"byJean-MarcROSIER(de/fromhttp://www.cjrosier.com+http://www.gordes-
immobilier.com)-Ownwork.LicensedunderCCBY-SA3.0viaWikimediaCommons-
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avignon,_Palais_des_Papes_by_JM_Rosier.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Avignon,_Palais_d
es_Papes_by_JM_Rosier.jpg
12. St. Catherine of Siena
1347-1380
• A mystic and influential in the ‘real’ world
• Taught about the interior room, “a dwelling place
that is spiritual and you carry it with you constantly”
• Had repeated visions of Jesus and saints,
including “Mystical Marriage”
• Became an “at home nun” with Dominicans
• Wrote The Dialogue of Divine Providence: a dialogue between
a soul who "rises up" to God and God himself.
• “Doctor of the Church” – her work correctly expresses
Catholic belief
• Became influential in Italian and European politics
• Went to Avignon to convince the pope to return to Rome
13. Division: Western Schism
• a split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1418.
• Several men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope.
• Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement
• After Gregory XI returned to Rome, cardinals elected a new pope
• Urban VI turned out to be a bit crazy
• Already, there was powerful politics for another French pope
• The same cardinals left Rome and elected a new pope, while the
first one still reigned
• Europe was divided in Papal loyalty – neither pope would resign
• 1409: tried to solve the problem by electing a third pope
• the schism was ended by the Council of Constance
• rival claims to the papacy hurt the reputation of the office
14. Inquisition
• A judicial court within the Church
• aim is to combat heresy, able to torture and kill
• Started in 12th century
• Expanded greatly, especially into the Reformation
• One historical estimate: 150,000 people were tried, of which about
3,000 were executed
• Especially in Spain and Portugal: converted Jews and Muslims were
tried to test whether they had reverted
• International inquisition ended in 19th century, but within the
Vatican continues as “Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith”
• «the duty proper to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith is
to promote and safeguard the doctrine on the faith and morals
throughout the Catholic world: for this reason everything which in
any way touches such matter falls within its competence.»
• «spread sound doctrine and defend those points of Christian
tradition which seem in danger because of new and unacceptable
doctrines.»