Sir Mick Davis delivers an uncompromising approach and a clarion call to philanthropists worldwide to address Israel's Domestic needs by examining the existential threats from the outside of the country to understand how to solve the internal challenges. It is through the support of Haredi Employment that he supports this notion and a channel to best harness all the strengths of the State of Israel - welfare, poverty, education, social cohesion, the economy and peace within the country.
This document provides an overview of Brazil's economy and recent developments. It discusses Brazil's GDP growth averaging over 3% annually from 2003-2009. Inflation has remained low and stable since the Real Plan in the mid-1990s. Brazil has the 7th largest GDP by PPP and experienced a smooth transition to democracy in the 1980s. The current political environment remains stable with President Dilma Rousseff recently elected.
1) The document discusses gender inequality around the world and efforts to promote gender equality. It notes that while women represent half the world's population, they earn only 10% of global income and own just 1% of property.
2) The document examines issues contributing to gender inequality across the lifespans of childhood, adulthood and old age. In childhood, issues include lack of healthcare and education for girls. In adulthood, most female work is unpaid or informal with few opportunities for jobs, land ownership or business ownership. In old age, many women live in poverty without support.
3) Closing the gender gap could boost annual global GDP by up to 16% according to some estimates. The document advocates
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
Luc Christiaensen presents a non-monetary perspective on measuring poverty and well-being in Africa. While economic growth has been strong, progress on extreme poverty and human development has been uneven and challenges remain large. Literacy remains low, malnutrition is still a major issue, and conflict is rising again. A multidimensional approach considers factors like health, education, empowerment, and violence. Non-monetary indicators are systematically weaker in resource-rich countries. Expanding measures of well-being and focusing on improving education, especially for women and girls, can help address remaining human development gaps in Africa.
This document discusses income inequality in South Asia. It notes that income inequality is when a small percentage of the population controls a large share of wealth or income. The region of South Asia, which includes countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, has some of the worst human development outcomes worldwide, with high rates of child stunting and mortality among the poor. The document presents statistics on income inequality levels in various South Asian countries and how inequality affects poverty rates and economic growth. It concludes that governments need tax reform and private sector development to reduce inequality and end poverty in the region.
The document discusses measuring and addressing the gender gap across OECD countries. It provides data showing gender gaps in areas like education choices, labor force participation rates, pay, and leadership positions. It summarizes the OECD's 2013 recommendation to promote gender equality in these areas and its 2015 recommendation on gender equality in public life. It also discusses the OECD's work measuring progress, promoting women's empowerment in international forums like the G20 and G7, and efforts to end violence against women.
Demographic analysis, the statistical description of human populations, is a tool used by government agencies, political parties, and manufacturers of consumer goods. Polls conducted on every topic imaginable, from age to toothpaste preference, give the government and corporations an idea of who the public is and what it needs and wants.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
This document provides an overview of Brazil's economy and recent developments. It discusses Brazil's GDP growth averaging over 3% annually from 2003-2009. Inflation has remained low and stable since the Real Plan in the mid-1990s. Brazil has the 7th largest GDP by PPP and experienced a smooth transition to democracy in the 1980s. The current political environment remains stable with President Dilma Rousseff recently elected.
1) The document discusses gender inequality around the world and efforts to promote gender equality. It notes that while women represent half the world's population, they earn only 10% of global income and own just 1% of property.
2) The document examines issues contributing to gender inequality across the lifespans of childhood, adulthood and old age. In childhood, issues include lack of healthcare and education for girls. In adulthood, most female work is unpaid or informal with few opportunities for jobs, land ownership or business ownership. In old age, many women live in poverty without support.
3) Closing the gender gap could boost annual global GDP by up to 16% according to some estimates. The document advocates
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
Luc Christiaensen presents a non-monetary perspective on measuring poverty and well-being in Africa. While economic growth has been strong, progress on extreme poverty and human development has been uneven and challenges remain large. Literacy remains low, malnutrition is still a major issue, and conflict is rising again. A multidimensional approach considers factors like health, education, empowerment, and violence. Non-monetary indicators are systematically weaker in resource-rich countries. Expanding measures of well-being and focusing on improving education, especially for women and girls, can help address remaining human development gaps in Africa.
This document discusses income inequality in South Asia. It notes that income inequality is when a small percentage of the population controls a large share of wealth or income. The region of South Asia, which includes countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, has some of the worst human development outcomes worldwide, with high rates of child stunting and mortality among the poor. The document presents statistics on income inequality levels in various South Asian countries and how inequality affects poverty rates and economic growth. It concludes that governments need tax reform and private sector development to reduce inequality and end poverty in the region.
The document discusses measuring and addressing the gender gap across OECD countries. It provides data showing gender gaps in areas like education choices, labor force participation rates, pay, and leadership positions. It summarizes the OECD's 2013 recommendation to promote gender equality in these areas and its 2015 recommendation on gender equality in public life. It also discusses the OECD's work measuring progress, promoting women's empowerment in international forums like the G20 and G7, and efforts to end violence against women.
Demographic analysis, the statistical description of human populations, is a tool used by government agencies, political parties, and manufacturers of consumer goods. Polls conducted on every topic imaginable, from age to toothpaste preference, give the government and corporations an idea of who the public is and what it needs and wants.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measurement of Well Being and Development in Africa, 12-14 November 2015, Durban, South Africa, More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress
Squash Ontario - State of the Sport 2014squashontario
The document provides an overview of demographic, economic, social, and leisure trends in Canada and Ontario based on data from Statistics Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Finance. Key points include:
- Ontario's population is aging and growing more slowly, while the Greater Toronto Area continues to see strong growth.
- Consumer spending and home construction declined in 2013, while exports increased. Ontario's economy grew modestly.
- Canadians are participating less in traditional sports but more in informal activities like walking and home exercise. Outdoor activities are also growing in popularity among families.
About 28,8% of the South African population is aged younger than 15 years and approximately 9,0% (5,3 million) is 60 years or older. Of those younger than 15 years of age, the majority reside in Gauteng (21,5%) and KwaZulu- Natal (21,1%). Of the elderly (those aged 60 years and older), the highest percentage 23,9% (1,27 million) reside in Gauteng. The proportion of elderly persons aged 60 and older is increasing over time.
Download the full release here: http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=1854&PPN=P0302&SCH=7668
A broken social elevator? How to promote social mobility.
Presentation by Stefano Scarpetta, Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD
Webinar 15 June 2018.
Datos de La población mundial 2018. (Population Reference Bureau) 2018 world-...Juan Martín Martín
Datos de la Población Mundial en 2018 (en inglés). Datos de todos los países del Mundo. gráficos, pirámides de población, natalidad, mortalidad, fecundidad, esperanza de vida, maternidad, envejecimiento, previsiones mundiales, etc.
This document provides an overview and analysis of economic development in Africa. It discusses four key points:
1. Africa has experienced economic growth in recent decades but poverty remains widespread and there is substantial variability between countries.
2. The growth has made Africa more vulnerable to external economic conditions like commodity price fluctuations.
3. Africa faces structural challenges like a lack of economic transformation, high population growth, poor infrastructure, and weak human capital development.
4. Two large research projects - GAPP and L2C - examined the dynamics of growth, poverty, and industrialization in Africa in more depth at the country level.
The How’s Life? report (http://oe.cd/how-is-life) charts the promises and pitfalls for people’s well-being in 35 OECD countries and 6 partner countries. It presents the latest evidence from 50 indicators, covering both current well-being outcomes and resources for future well-being, and including changes since 2005. During this period there have been signs of progress, but gains in some aspects of life have been offset by losses elsewhere. This fourth edition highlights the many faces of inequality, showing that gaps in people’s achievements and opportunities extend right across the different dimensions of well-being. It exposes divisions according to age, gender, and education, and reveals pockets of inequality in all OECD countries. It also brings to light the many well-being disadvantages that migrants face in adapting to life abroad. Additionally, the report examines governance as seen from the citizen’s perspective, revealing gaps between public institutions and the people they serve. Finally, it provides a country-by-country perspective, pinpointing strengths, challenges and changes in well-being over time in 41 country profiles.
How’s Life? is part of the OECD Better Life Initiative, which features a range of studies and analysis about people’s well-being and how to measure it, and includes the interactive Better Life Index website.
Inequality matters: BRICS inequalities fact sheetOxfam Brasil
This fact sheet outlines key dimensions of socio-economic inequality in the BRICS countries, highlighting trends and themes that can inform debates around developing a common framework for public policies.
Working paper 181 determining the correlates of poverty for inclusive growt...Dr Lendy Spires
This document examines the correlates of poverty in Africa using multivariate models and data from 43 African countries from 1980 to 2011. It finds that higher income inequality, primary education alone, mineral rents, inflation, and population increase poverty, while higher GDP, foreign aid, and secondary education reduce poverty. Trade openness did not significantly impact poverty. The results can inform policies to promote more inclusive growth in Africa and reduce poverty faster.
This document summarizes a collaboration between the OECD's Better Life Initiative and the Clio Infra project to present estimates of various dimensions of well-being globally since 1820, including economic measures like GDP per capita as well as social indicators like life expectancy, education levels, gender inequality, and environmental quality. It describes the statistical data collected by the Clio Infra project from over 25 major countries and 100 smaller countries on these topics. Preliminary results show that most indicators strongly correlate with GDP per capita, though some like inequality, security, and environmental quality show weaker or negative correlations. The data is meant to broaden analyses of socio-economic development beyond just GDP.
The document discusses the history and progress of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) established by the United Nations in 2000. It provides details on the eight MDGs which aimed to reduce poverty, hunger, disease, and gender inequality by 2015. Specific targets and indicators are outlined for each goal related to issues like poverty, education, gender equality, child and maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and environmental sustainability. Progress updates are given for each target, noting that while some goals were achieved, many were not met or fell short, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
1) The MENA region has the lowest rates of female labor force participation and employment globally, with only 1 in 5 women employed.
2) While women in MENA are highly educated, many work in the public sector with few opportunities for entrepreneurship or private sector employment.
3) Unemployment rates are much higher for young women than men in the region. Those who are employed often leave the workforce after marriage due to social and family pressures.
The document provides data on access to education globally and by region. Key points include:
- Global primary enrollment reached 90.7% in 2010 but has stagnated since 2008. Sub-Saharan Africa lags other regions at 76.2%.
- 60.7 million primary-age children remained out of school in 2010, over half in sub-Saharan Africa and over 1/5 in South Asia.
- Pre-primary enrollment increased globally to 48.3% but sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East/North Africa lag at under 25%.
- Gender parity has been achieved in primary education globally but secondary enrollment shows a small male bias while tertiary favors females.
Mega trends impacting on higher education - riga, 6 november 2017dvndamme
1) Several mega-trends are impacting higher education globally, including population aging, economic integration, inequality, skills mismatches, and new technologies.
2) Higher education is becoming more globalized and internationalized, with growing student mobility, cross-border research collaborations, and expansion of universities and online courses.
3) However, globalization and new technologies also risk exacerbating inequalities and social exclusion if access to opportunities remains unequal.
How will the new development banks (AIIB and NDB) being set up in China in 2015-2016 work in terms of gender and diversity? Will they apply research findings about the positive effects more women in management has on development and the bottom line? Will they hire more broadly from diverse and underrepresented groups than the Bretton Woods institutions? Attracting, advancing and keeping people with the best possible competencies about development challenges and solutions is key to reaching the UN's new sustainable development goals (SDGs).
The document provides an overview and analysis of demographic and economic indicators for the River Hills region in Indiana. It finds that from 2002 to 2013, the region's population grew at a faster rate than the rest of the state, driven primarily by domestic migration and natural increase. The population is slightly older than the state overall. Educational attainment levels are lower in the region compared to the state, though high school graduation rates increased and surpassed the state by 2013. The region also has lower rates of bachelor's degree attainment. Income inequality appears to be rising as median incomes decreased while per capita incomes and poverty increased from 2002 to 2013.
The document analyzes gender disparities in education indicators like enrollment rates, attendance rates, literacy rates, and completion rates across different regions and income levels. Some key findings are:
- Globally, gender parity has been achieved in pre-primary and primary enrollments, but disparities still exist in some regions like the Middle East and North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Low income is the greatest source of disparity in out-of-school rates across regions. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have made progress but still have the most females out of school.
- Most countries and regions have closed the gender gap in primary enrollments, but Afghanistan, Central African Republic, and Chad
The document summarizes literacy rates for youth and adults globally and by region over time. Some key findings include:
- Global youth literacy rates increased from 83% to 90% from 1985-2010, though 10% of youth still lack basic literacy. All regions saw improvements, especially South Asia which increased 21 percentage points.
- Adult literacy rates also increased globally and in all regions over time, though 16% of adults still lack basic literacy skills. The Middle East and North Africa saw the largest increase of 20 percentage points.
- Sub-Saharan Africa consistently has the lowest literacy rates for both youth and adults and most countries with the lowest rates. However, literacy rates are improving in most countries.
Esta apresentação, exibida durante o seminário “População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafios”, aborda os desafios e oportunidades dos países dos BRICS, destacando itens como o envelhecimento da população, as taxas de mortalidade, de urbanização e migração. Detalhes em: www.sae.gov.br
המהדורה המקוצרת של ספר התרשימים – דרכה של ישראל לשגשוג כלכלי וחברתי – השני בסדרה שמפרסם פורום קהלת לכלכלה.
פרסום זה כולל מידע על התוואי הכלכלי והחברתי שישראל צועדת בו. כל עמוד בספר מכיל תרשים אחד וטקסט נלווה קצר, תקוותנו היא שהשילוב בין שניהם יאפשר הבנה רחבה של הסוגיות המרכזיות של הכלכלה הישראלית.
האפיון של ההצלחות וגם של המכשולים שנותרו בדרכה של ישראל לשגשוג כלכלי וחברתי מבוסס על נתונים סטטיסטיים רשמיים המקובלים על קהל הכלכלנים בישראל. יחד עם זאת, אפיון זה אינו תואם בהכרח את השיח הרווח בציבור הישראלי בשנים האחרונות.
MJB Facts and Figures on the Arab Population in Israel 2015-12mjbinstitute
An up-to-date summary of key social and demographic statistics about Israel's Arab population, provided by the Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute, Israel's leading center for applied research on social policy and social services.
For more information on this or other critical social policy issues, visit MJB at brookdale.jdc.org.il and www.facebook.com/MJBInstitute.
HUMANITY DIVIDED: Confronting inequality in Developing CountriesUNDP Eurasia
This document summarizes key points from a UNDP report on inequality in developing countries. It finds that income inequality increased in some regions but decreased in others between the early 1990s and late 2000s. Technical change, financial globalization, and domestic policies have driven income inequality. While some countries saw inequality rise with above average growth, others maintained or reduced inequality with high growth. The redistributive impact of taxes and transfers reduced inequality by up to 30% in some low- and middle-income countries. Inequality in health and nutrition outcomes also correlates with income inequality between wealth quintiles. A comprehensive policy framework is needed to adequately address inequality.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Willem Adema on gender equality trends in Asia and the Pacific. It finds that while educational attainment for women has increased and gender gaps in areas like wages have declined, disparities still persist in areas like leadership positions, unpaid work, and entrepreneurship. Encouraging greater female labor force participation and addressing issues like work-life balance and stereotypes are seen as important to mitigate challenges from trends like population aging facing some countries in the region.
Squash Ontario - State of the Sport 2014squashontario
The document provides an overview of demographic, economic, social, and leisure trends in Canada and Ontario based on data from Statistics Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Finance. Key points include:
- Ontario's population is aging and growing more slowly, while the Greater Toronto Area continues to see strong growth.
- Consumer spending and home construction declined in 2013, while exports increased. Ontario's economy grew modestly.
- Canadians are participating less in traditional sports but more in informal activities like walking and home exercise. Outdoor activities are also growing in popularity among families.
About 28,8% of the South African population is aged younger than 15 years and approximately 9,0% (5,3 million) is 60 years or older. Of those younger than 15 years of age, the majority reside in Gauteng (21,5%) and KwaZulu- Natal (21,1%). Of the elderly (those aged 60 years and older), the highest percentage 23,9% (1,27 million) reside in Gauteng. The proportion of elderly persons aged 60 and older is increasing over time.
Download the full release here: http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=1854&PPN=P0302&SCH=7668
A broken social elevator? How to promote social mobility.
Presentation by Stefano Scarpetta, Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD
Webinar 15 June 2018.
Datos de La población mundial 2018. (Population Reference Bureau) 2018 world-...Juan Martín Martín
Datos de la Población Mundial en 2018 (en inglés). Datos de todos los países del Mundo. gráficos, pirámides de población, natalidad, mortalidad, fecundidad, esperanza de vida, maternidad, envejecimiento, previsiones mundiales, etc.
This document provides an overview and analysis of economic development in Africa. It discusses four key points:
1. Africa has experienced economic growth in recent decades but poverty remains widespread and there is substantial variability between countries.
2. The growth has made Africa more vulnerable to external economic conditions like commodity price fluctuations.
3. Africa faces structural challenges like a lack of economic transformation, high population growth, poor infrastructure, and weak human capital development.
4. Two large research projects - GAPP and L2C - examined the dynamics of growth, poverty, and industrialization in Africa in more depth at the country level.
The How’s Life? report (http://oe.cd/how-is-life) charts the promises and pitfalls for people’s well-being in 35 OECD countries and 6 partner countries. It presents the latest evidence from 50 indicators, covering both current well-being outcomes and resources for future well-being, and including changes since 2005. During this period there have been signs of progress, but gains in some aspects of life have been offset by losses elsewhere. This fourth edition highlights the many faces of inequality, showing that gaps in people’s achievements and opportunities extend right across the different dimensions of well-being. It exposes divisions according to age, gender, and education, and reveals pockets of inequality in all OECD countries. It also brings to light the many well-being disadvantages that migrants face in adapting to life abroad. Additionally, the report examines governance as seen from the citizen’s perspective, revealing gaps between public institutions and the people they serve. Finally, it provides a country-by-country perspective, pinpointing strengths, challenges and changes in well-being over time in 41 country profiles.
How’s Life? is part of the OECD Better Life Initiative, which features a range of studies and analysis about people’s well-being and how to measure it, and includes the interactive Better Life Index website.
Inequality matters: BRICS inequalities fact sheetOxfam Brasil
This fact sheet outlines key dimensions of socio-economic inequality in the BRICS countries, highlighting trends and themes that can inform debates around developing a common framework for public policies.
Working paper 181 determining the correlates of poverty for inclusive growt...Dr Lendy Spires
This document examines the correlates of poverty in Africa using multivariate models and data from 43 African countries from 1980 to 2011. It finds that higher income inequality, primary education alone, mineral rents, inflation, and population increase poverty, while higher GDP, foreign aid, and secondary education reduce poverty. Trade openness did not significantly impact poverty. The results can inform policies to promote more inclusive growth in Africa and reduce poverty faster.
This document summarizes a collaboration between the OECD's Better Life Initiative and the Clio Infra project to present estimates of various dimensions of well-being globally since 1820, including economic measures like GDP per capita as well as social indicators like life expectancy, education levels, gender inequality, and environmental quality. It describes the statistical data collected by the Clio Infra project from over 25 major countries and 100 smaller countries on these topics. Preliminary results show that most indicators strongly correlate with GDP per capita, though some like inequality, security, and environmental quality show weaker or negative correlations. The data is meant to broaden analyses of socio-economic development beyond just GDP.
The document discusses the history and progress of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) established by the United Nations in 2000. It provides details on the eight MDGs which aimed to reduce poverty, hunger, disease, and gender inequality by 2015. Specific targets and indicators are outlined for each goal related to issues like poverty, education, gender equality, child and maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and environmental sustainability. Progress updates are given for each target, noting that while some goals were achieved, many were not met or fell short, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
1) The MENA region has the lowest rates of female labor force participation and employment globally, with only 1 in 5 women employed.
2) While women in MENA are highly educated, many work in the public sector with few opportunities for entrepreneurship or private sector employment.
3) Unemployment rates are much higher for young women than men in the region. Those who are employed often leave the workforce after marriage due to social and family pressures.
The document provides data on access to education globally and by region. Key points include:
- Global primary enrollment reached 90.7% in 2010 but has stagnated since 2008. Sub-Saharan Africa lags other regions at 76.2%.
- 60.7 million primary-age children remained out of school in 2010, over half in sub-Saharan Africa and over 1/5 in South Asia.
- Pre-primary enrollment increased globally to 48.3% but sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East/North Africa lag at under 25%.
- Gender parity has been achieved in primary education globally but secondary enrollment shows a small male bias while tertiary favors females.
Mega trends impacting on higher education - riga, 6 november 2017dvndamme
1) Several mega-trends are impacting higher education globally, including population aging, economic integration, inequality, skills mismatches, and new technologies.
2) Higher education is becoming more globalized and internationalized, with growing student mobility, cross-border research collaborations, and expansion of universities and online courses.
3) However, globalization and new technologies also risk exacerbating inequalities and social exclusion if access to opportunities remains unequal.
How will the new development banks (AIIB and NDB) being set up in China in 2015-2016 work in terms of gender and diversity? Will they apply research findings about the positive effects more women in management has on development and the bottom line? Will they hire more broadly from diverse and underrepresented groups than the Bretton Woods institutions? Attracting, advancing and keeping people with the best possible competencies about development challenges and solutions is key to reaching the UN's new sustainable development goals (SDGs).
The document provides an overview and analysis of demographic and economic indicators for the River Hills region in Indiana. It finds that from 2002 to 2013, the region's population grew at a faster rate than the rest of the state, driven primarily by domestic migration and natural increase. The population is slightly older than the state overall. Educational attainment levels are lower in the region compared to the state, though high school graduation rates increased and surpassed the state by 2013. The region also has lower rates of bachelor's degree attainment. Income inequality appears to be rising as median incomes decreased while per capita incomes and poverty increased from 2002 to 2013.
The document analyzes gender disparities in education indicators like enrollment rates, attendance rates, literacy rates, and completion rates across different regions and income levels. Some key findings are:
- Globally, gender parity has been achieved in pre-primary and primary enrollments, but disparities still exist in some regions like the Middle East and North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Low income is the greatest source of disparity in out-of-school rates across regions. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have made progress but still have the most females out of school.
- Most countries and regions have closed the gender gap in primary enrollments, but Afghanistan, Central African Republic, and Chad
The document summarizes literacy rates for youth and adults globally and by region over time. Some key findings include:
- Global youth literacy rates increased from 83% to 90% from 1985-2010, though 10% of youth still lack basic literacy. All regions saw improvements, especially South Asia which increased 21 percentage points.
- Adult literacy rates also increased globally and in all regions over time, though 16% of adults still lack basic literacy skills. The Middle East and North Africa saw the largest increase of 20 percentage points.
- Sub-Saharan Africa consistently has the lowest literacy rates for both youth and adults and most countries with the lowest rates. However, literacy rates are improving in most countries.
Esta apresentação, exibida durante o seminário “População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafios”, aborda os desafios e oportunidades dos países dos BRICS, destacando itens como o envelhecimento da população, as taxas de mortalidade, de urbanização e migração. Detalhes em: www.sae.gov.br
המהדורה המקוצרת של ספר התרשימים – דרכה של ישראל לשגשוג כלכלי וחברתי – השני בסדרה שמפרסם פורום קהלת לכלכלה.
פרסום זה כולל מידע על התוואי הכלכלי והחברתי שישראל צועדת בו. כל עמוד בספר מכיל תרשים אחד וטקסט נלווה קצר, תקוותנו היא שהשילוב בין שניהם יאפשר הבנה רחבה של הסוגיות המרכזיות של הכלכלה הישראלית.
האפיון של ההצלחות וגם של המכשולים שנותרו בדרכה של ישראל לשגשוג כלכלי וחברתי מבוסס על נתונים סטטיסטיים רשמיים המקובלים על קהל הכלכלנים בישראל. יחד עם זאת, אפיון זה אינו תואם בהכרח את השיח הרווח בציבור הישראלי בשנים האחרונות.
MJB Facts and Figures on the Arab Population in Israel 2015-12mjbinstitute
An up-to-date summary of key social and demographic statistics about Israel's Arab population, provided by the Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute, Israel's leading center for applied research on social policy and social services.
For more information on this or other critical social policy issues, visit MJB at brookdale.jdc.org.il and www.facebook.com/MJBInstitute.
HUMANITY DIVIDED: Confronting inequality in Developing CountriesUNDP Eurasia
This document summarizes key points from a UNDP report on inequality in developing countries. It finds that income inequality increased in some regions but decreased in others between the early 1990s and late 2000s. Technical change, financial globalization, and domestic policies have driven income inequality. While some countries saw inequality rise with above average growth, others maintained or reduced inequality with high growth. The redistributive impact of taxes and transfers reduced inequality by up to 30% in some low- and middle-income countries. Inequality in health and nutrition outcomes also correlates with income inequality between wealth quintiles. A comprehensive policy framework is needed to adequately address inequality.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Willem Adema on gender equality trends in Asia and the Pacific. It finds that while educational attainment for women has increased and gender gaps in areas like wages have declined, disparities still persist in areas like leadership positions, unpaid work, and entrepreneurship. Encouraging greater female labor force participation and addressing issues like work-life balance and stereotypes are seen as important to mitigate challenges from trends like population aging facing some countries in the region.
Working paper 181 determining the correlates of poverty for inclusive growt...Dr Lendy Spires
This document examines the correlates of poverty in Africa using multivariate models and data from 43 African countries from 1980 to 2011. While Africa has experienced high economic growth in recent years, poverty remains widespread and inequality is high, indicating a lack of inclusive development. The study aims to identify factors that influence poverty to help design policies promoting inclusive growth. Key findings suggest that higher inequality, population growth, inflation, and primary education alone increase poverty, while higher GDP, secondary education, and foreign aid decrease poverty in Africa.
Determining the correlates of poverty for inclusive growth in africaDr Lendy Spires
This document examines the correlates of poverty in Africa using multivariate models and data from 43 African countries from 1980 to 2011. It finds that higher income inequality, primary education alone, mineral rents, inflation, and population increase poverty, while higher GDP, foreign aid, and secondary education reduce poverty. Trade openness did not significantly impact poverty. The results can inform policies to promote more inclusive growth in Africa and reduce poverty faster.
Usa report ppt, US census data, demographics, presentation,study area report,...dbpdata
Demographics Report for the neighborhood of your choice from US census data. US census data, demographics, presentation,study area report, demographics commercial real estate
The document summarizes findings from a survey comparing indicators related to poverty, food security, and nutrition in Bangladesh's Feed the Future Zone of Influence (ZOI) between a 2011 baseline and 2015 midline. Some key findings include:
- The poverty rate declined from 40.5% to 34% and the number of poor people decreased by 1.4 million.
- Income increased more for the poor, with the lowest quintile seeing a 29% gain compared to 10% for the highest.
- Both the prevalence of moderate to severe hunger and the share of children with inadequate diets declined.
- Household diet quality improved, with fewer households having low food consumption scores and more frequently consuming diverse food groups
The document summarizes key population trends and statistics from around the world:
1) The world population reached 7.2 billion in 2014, with 6 billion living in less developed countries and 1.2 billion in more developed countries. The total fertility rate worldwide is 2.5 children per woman.
2) The top 10 most populous countries in 2014 are China, India, United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia, and Japan. Niger has the highest fertility rate at 7.6 children per woman while Taiwan has the lowest at 1.1.
3) Significant progress has been made in reducing infant mortality worldwide from 80 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1970 to 38
Every person aspires to a good life. But what does “a good or a better life” mean? The second edition of How’s Life? paints a comprehensive picture of well-being in OECD countries and other major economies, by looking at people’s material living conditions and quality of life across the population. In addition, the report contains in-depth studies of four key cross-cutting issues in well-being that are particularly relevant: how has well-being evolved during the global economic and financial crisis?; how big are gender differences in well-being?; how can we assess well-being in the workplace?; and how to define and measure the sustainability of well-being over time?
Khalid Abu Ismail - ESCWA
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ERF 24th Annual Conference
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Body Code Animation Visualizing the Code of LifeBya.docxjasoninnes20
Body Code Animation:
Visualizing the Code of Life
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The Millennium Development Goals Report
2015
UNITED NATIONS
Cover Inside
This report is based on a master set of data that has been compiled by the Inter-Agency and Expert
Group on MDG Indicators led by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United nations
Secretariat, in response to the wishes of the General Assembly for periodic assessment of progress
towards the MDGs. The Group comprises representatives of the international organizations whose
activities include the preparation of one or more of the series of statistical indicators that were identified as
appropriate for monitoring progress towards the MDGs, as reflected in the list below. A number of national
statisticians and outside expert advisers also contributed.
ECOnOMIC AnD SOCIAL COMMISSIOn FOR ASIA AnD THE PACIFIC
ECOnOMIC AnD SOCIAL COMMISSIOn FOR WESTERn ASIA
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR AFRICA
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR EUROPE
ECOnOMIC COMMISSIOn FOR LATIn AMERICA AnD THE CARIBBEAn
FOOD AnD AGRICULTURE ORGAnIZATIOn OF THE UnITED nATIOnS
InTERnATIOnAL LABOUR ORGAnIZATIOn
InTERnATIOnAL MOnETARY FUnD
InTERnATIOnAL TELECOMMUnICATIOn UnIOn
InTERnATIOnAL TRADE CEnTRE
InTER-PARLIAMEnTARY UnIOn
JOInT UnITED nATIOnS PROGRAMME On HIV/AIDS
ORGAnISATIOn FOR ECOnOMIC CO-OPERATIOn AnD DEVELOPMEnT
SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUnITY
THE WORLD BAnK
UnITED nATIOnS CHILDREn’S FUnD
UnITED nATIOnS COnFEREnCE On TRADE AnD DEVELOPMEnT
UnITED nATIOnS DEVELOPMEnT PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS EDUCATIOnAL, SCIEnTIFIC AnD CULTURAL ORGAnIZATIOn
UnITED nATIOnS EnTITY FOR GEnDER EQUALITY AnD THE EMPOWERMEnT OF WOMEn - Un WOMEn
UnITED nATIOnS EnVIROnMEnT PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS FRAMEWORK COnVEnTIOn On CLIMATE CHAnGE
UnITED nATIOnS HIGH COMMISSIOnER FOR REFUGEES
UnITED nATIOnS HUMAn SETTLEMEnTS PROGRAMME
UnITED nATIOnS InDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMEnT ORGAnIZATIOn
UnITED nATIOnS POPULATIOn FUnD
WORLD HEALTH ORGAnIZATIOn
WORLD TRADE ORGAnIZATIOn
The Millennium Development Goals Report
2015
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United nations
new York, 2015
Foreword | 3
Foreword
The global mobilization behind the Millennium
Development Goals has produced the most successful
anti-poverty movement in history. The landmark
commitment entered into by world leaders in the year
2000—to “spare no effort to free our fellow men,
women and children from the abject and dehumanizing
conditions of extreme poverty”—was translated into
an inspiring framework of eight goals and, then, into
wide-ranging practical steps that have enabled people
across the world to improve their lives and their future
prospects. The MDGs helped to lift more than one billion
people out of extreme poverty, to make inroads against
hunger, to enable more girls to attend school than ever
before and to protect our planet. They generated new
and innovative partnerships, galvanized public opinion
and showed the immense value of setting ambitious ...
Dr. Roby Nathanson discusses the demographic challenges facing countries in the 21st century due to population aging. All Western countries will see aging populations as fertility rates decline and life expectancy increases. This will stress economic growth, labor markets, and public finances as the ratio of working age to retired people falls. Countries must reform policies like pensions, health care, employment and education to adapt social security systems and encourage things like lifelong learning and extended careers. Preventative measures are key to addressing the social and economic implications of population aging.
This document analyzes the post-conflict development of four African countries from 1990-2010: Rwanda, Burundi, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. It discusses the challenges in objectively measuring and comparing development across countries. A scoring scheme is used to rank countries based on indicators like HDI, GDP, poverty, inequality, health, education. Liberia is used as a case study, outlining its history of conflict and tracking economic and human development indicators like GDP, GDP per capita, poverty, refugees over time. While recovery is slow, targets aim to rebuild the economy, reduce debt, and improve living standards for all citizens using a bottom-up development approach.
State of the Ugandan Child Data Presentation_20150909USAIDPCM
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- Rates of child poverty, mortality, stunting, sexual abuse in schools, HIV prevalence, and teenage pregnancy are high. Factors negatively impacting girls include sexual violence, domestic responsibilities, and high vulnerability rates.
- The national child forum aims to improve well-being in education, health and social protection through an action plan and regional events. Target
These are slides from a revision presentation covering aspects of Extract 3 for the OCR F585 June 2016 Global economy paper. The presentation focuses on progress in human development in Zambia, volatile copper prices and the terms and trade and the issue of whether Zambia is experiencing a natural resource curse.
This document compares progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) between the national level in Egypt and the 151 poorest villages. Key findings include:
- At the national level, the proportion of people living below $1 per day decreased from 4.5% to 1.7% from 1991 to 2008, but in the 151 poorest villages it was 55%.
- The poverty gap ratio, measuring resources needed to eliminate poverty, decreased nationally but increased to 35% in the poorest villages.
- Employment levels were higher nationally than in the poorest villages, especially for women.
- Progress toward some MDGs has been made nationally due to economic growth, but significant inequalities remain for
Opportunitiesfor All: OECD Framework to Drive “Urgent, Concerted Effort” for ...Gabriela Ramos
The document discusses opportunities for inclusive growth presented by the OECD Framework. It notes wealth and income inequality are at record highs, with little chance for low-income groups or new generations to improve their economic positions. It also finds less business dynamism and large regional disparities in incomes across countries. The framework proposes using indicators to track inclusive growth and gearing up equity in policies to transform economic growth into improved living standards for all.
Factors that determine a country's population size include birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration. Birth rates are influenced by nutrition, fertility, abortion policies, economic factors, and culture. Death rates are affected by disease, war, healthcare access, and development levels. Immigration and emigration depend on "pull" and "push" factors that attract or displace people. Governments implement population policies to manage these factors.
Indicators of Development (Economic, Social and Environmental)Kamlesh Kumar
The document discusses various economic, social, and environmental indicators used to assess development. For economic indicators, it examines GDP, GNP, economic growth rates, and economic structure. Social indicators discussed include poverty rates, health factors like malnutrition, women's empowerment, education levels, and political representation. Environmental indicators discussed are forest area, air pollution levels, and marine protected areas. The document notes that while GDP is commonly used, development requires availability of opportunities for people to flourish.
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In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
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OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
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Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...Donc Test
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
2. Responsibility / Accountability
The cause
The interest
The profile
The collective
The specific
3. From a
Contributor
To an Investor
Interested in:
Emotionality
Legitimacy
Efficiency
Accountability
Programmes
Interested in:
Strategy
Impact
Effectiveness
Return
Sustainability
Projects
Charity
Philanthropy
4. Some propositions
Israel remains work in progress – but Israel is an “adult”
Soup Kitchens for the impoverished, emergency relief for the traumatised, boots
for soldiers, are the responsibility of the Government of the State of Israel
The greatest project of the Jewish People – the building of the modern State of
Israel is not complete
AND
The strategic imperatives of Israel are the responsibility of ALL of the Jewish
People
6. Political
The neighbourhood (Iran, ISIS, et al)
Palestinian conflict
BDS
The Divided Society
Secular vs Haredi
Jew vs Arab/Non-Jew
Ashkenazi vs Sephardi
Rich vs middle class and poor
The ExistentialThreats
7. Political
The neighbourhood (Iran, ISIS, et al)
Palestinian conflict
BDS
The Divided Society
Secular vs Haredi
Jew vs Arab/Non-Jew
Ashkenazi vs Sephardi
Rich vs middle class and poor
The ExistentialThreats
Socio-Economic
8. Political
The neighbourhood (Iran, ISIS, et al)
Palestinian conflict
BDS
The Divided Society
Secular vs Haredi
Jew vs Arab/Non-Jew
Ashkenazi vs Sephardi
Rich vs middle class and poor
The ExistentialThreats
Socio-Economic
The economic miracle is fading
9. Economic growth over the past decade can be
deceiving since the most severe recession to hit Israel
and the G7 countries in recent decades occurred at
different times
Israel’s economy hit bottom in 2003 after the second
Intifada
A half decade later (in 2008- 2009), while the Israeli
economy was well on its way towards recovery, the
major developed economies plunged into their
greatest recession since the 1930s
Consequently Israel grew much more quickly than
nations that still have not completely emerged from
their Great Recession
*
The G7 countries: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and
Japan
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Data: OECD
0.6%
2.3%
Average Annual Growth in GDP per Capita
2004-2014
G7 Israel
10. GDP per hour (labour productivity) is the primary
determinant underlying a country’s long-run steady
state economic growth path
Labour productivity is also a key factor in determining
wages
The average amount produced per hour by an Israeli is
low, therefore the average wage per hour received by
that Israeli is low as well
Israelis therefore need to work many more hours to
make ends meet
Labour productivity in developed countries
2014*
19.5
25.9
29.7
31.6
31.4
31.4
32.8
35.3
34.8
36.2
38.1
37.3
39.9
41.5
42.8
48.0
50.5
50.7
50.8
51.4
53.6
55.6
55.2
58.3
61.1
62.3
63.3
62.7
64.7
64.3
66.5
67.4
88.0
95.9Luxembourg
Norway
United States
Belgium
Ireland
Netherlands
Denmark
France
Germany
Switzerland
Sweden
Austria
Australia
Finland
Spain
Italy
Canada
United Kingdom
Iceland
Slovenia
Japan
New Zealand
Slovak Republic
Israel
Greece
Portugal
Czech Republic
Korea
Hungary
Turkey
Estonia
Poland
Chile
Mexico
*GDP per hour worked in all 34 OECD countries, in current ppp dollars
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Data: OECD
11. Israel’s labour productivity is not only low, it has been
falling further and further behind the leading countries of
the world since the mid- 1970s.
Israel is a story of two countries in one. A part of Israel is
cutting edge – the universities, hi-tech, medicine, and so
on – but a large, and growing, share of the population is
not receiving either the tools or conditions to work in a
modern, competitive global economy
This part of Israel is like a huge weight on the shoulders of
the rest, a weight that is becoming increasingly heavier
over time
The greater the gap between what skilled and educated
Israelis can receive abroad and what they receive at home
the easier it will be to decide between leaving, or
remaining and earning below potential while continuing to
shoulder an increasingly heavy burden
Since the mid-1970s, the gap between the leading
developed countries and Israel has increased by almost
five-fold. This is not sustainable
Labour Productivity
GDP per work hour*, 1970-2014
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Israel
G7
3.4
15.9
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
*In 2005 PPP-adjusted dollars
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Data: OECD, Central Bureau of Statistics, Bank of Israel
12. The extensiveness of Israel’s income inequality is
highlighted when the focus turns to the middle class.
While there is no formal definition of middle class, a
sample excluding the poorest 25% and the wealthiest
25% of the population is illuminating
The ratio of disposable income received by an
individual at the 75th
percentile to that received by an
individual at the 25th
percentile in Israel is 2.9 vs 1.5
to 2.3 for the developed world
Over the past two decades, the 75%/25% ratio in
Israel has risen to the peak of the developed world
This issue is pervasive and extends to all corners of
Israeli society – not just the Haredi and Arab
Communities
Middle Class Income Inequality in 23 OECD Countries, 1973-2013
Disposable income at 75th percentile relative to the 25th percentile*
1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013
1.65
1.90
2.15
2.40
2.65
2.90
Austria
Greece
Canada
USA
United Kingdom
SwedenBelgium
Germany
Spain
Australia
Italy
Netherlands
Denmark
Czech Rep
Norway
France
Finland
Estonia
Ireland
Poland
Luxembourg Hungary
Israel
1.40
*Based on individual weights
Source: Dan Ben-David and Sarit Menahem Carmi, Shoresh Institution
Data: Luxembourg Income Study
13. Growth economies do not always solve or cure poverty.
Remember poverty is both an absolute and relative
concept!
Israel’s poverty line is 50% of the country’s median income
(as a nation’s economy grows, its median income rises –
and with it, the poverty line, which may or may not leave a
greater percentage of the population beneath it)
During most of the 1990s, poverty rates fluctuated around
one-third of the Arab-Israelis and just under half of the
Haredim
Between the latter part of the 1990s and the middle part of
the past decade, poverty rates in these two groups rose
substantially, settling on roughly 52% of the Arab-Israelis in
recent years and about 60% among the Haredim
The majority of individuals in each of these two large – and
growing – populations is below the poverty line
Poverty among Haredim and Arab-Israelis
In Disposable Incomes *, 1990-2011
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011
Arab-Israelis
Haredim
(ultra-Orthodox Jews)
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
*
based on individual weights
Source: Dan Ben-David and Moty Citrin, Shoresh Institution
Data: Central Bureau of Statistics
14. Israel’s poverty rate is far above that of the 22
remaining OECD countries in the LIS sample.
(The marked increase in the share of Haredim
and Arab-Israelis under the poverty line is the
primary cause of the national increase)
BUT Israel’s poverty rate of non-Haredi Jews,
is however also one of the highest in the OECD
Percent of Individuals under the Poverty Line
In Disposable Incomes, 23 OECD Countries, 1973-2013
*No observation for 1994
**Poverty Line recalculated for only non-Haredi Jews
Source: Dan Ben-David and Sarit Menahem Carmi, Shoresh Institution
Data: Luxembourg Income Study and Central Bureau of Statistics
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013
Australia
France
UniUnited
Kingdom
Italy
Greece
United States
Estonia
Ireland
Germany
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Czech Rep
Finland
Hungary
Canada
Poland
Austria
Sweden
Spain
Denmark
Belgium
Israel – only non-Haredi Jews*
(using the national poverty line)
Israel – only non-Haredi Jews*
(using recalculated poverty line**)
15. Political
The neighbourhood (Iran, ISIS, et al)
Palestinian conflict
BDS
The Divided Society
Secular vs Haredi
Jew vs Arab/Non-Jew
Ashkenazi vs Sephardi
Rich vs middle class and poor
The ExistentialThreats
Socio-Economic
The economic miracle is fading
Declining standards of education
16. The share of Israeli 12th
graders taking the maths matriculation exams at five units – the highest possible level – has been declining in
recent years
After rising from 12% to 14% at the turn of the millennium, there has been a decline of over one-third in the percentage of test-takers
in 5 units of maths
Share of 12th Grade Test-Takers in 5 Units in Maths
2001-2012s
12.3% 12.2% 11.8%
10.7%
10.1%
9.2%
2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source: Ayal Kimhi and Arik Horovitz, Shoresh Institution (based on findings from 2015 Taub Center study by the same authors)
Data: Central Bureau of Statistics
13.3% 13.3%
14.1%
13.4%
17. The average achievement level of Israeli children in
math, science and reading is below 24 of the 25 relevant
OECD countries (had the Haredi children participated in
the exam, Israel’s national average would have been
even lower)
Achievement levels of non-Haredi Hebrew speakers
were below the median country
The education that Israel provides its Arabic-speaking
children yielded results below many developing
countries (including neighbouring Jordan)
Israeli children will not be able to compete with the
children of the OECD in the marketplace
Israel’s small size means that it does not have the
economies of scale that larger countries have. Hence, it
is highly dependent on international trade to ensure
economic viability for its domestically-sourced
products, and for the supply of many commodities and
services that Israel is unable to produce. Israel cannot,
and should not, compete in low-end production at
developing world salaries
Only high-end markets can yield high wages
Level of Educational Achievement*
In 25 OECD Countries and in Israel**, PISA 2012 Exams
*national average in maths, science and reading exams
** Israel excluding Haredi Jews
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University (in the Taub Center’s A Picutre of the
National 2014)
Data: PISA
18. The OECD administers an additional exam focusing on
simple problem-solving abilities. It defines six levels of
problem-solving abilities:
Level 1 students tend not to be able to plan ahead or
set sub- goals - the prime candidates for lives of poverty
in a modern, competitive, global economy
22% of Israeli pupils (non-Haredi) were unable to even
reach the OECD’s minimum Level 1 of problem-solving –
the lowest by far in the OECD
When such a large share of children receive developing
world levels of education and primary skills it is an OY
Vey moment
Percent of Pupils below the OECD’s Minimum
Problem Solving Level*, 2012
*The share of pupils below Level 1
**Israel not including Haredi Jews
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Data: PISA and Israel’s National Authority for Educational Measurement and Evaluation
19. While the average level of achievement in math,
science and reading among Israeli children lies near
the bottom of the developed world, the average
disparity in these subjects within Israel (again
non-Haredi children) is far and away the highest
among developed countries
This exceptionally high degree of educational
inequality will be reflected in further income
inequality going forward
Educational Inequality*
In 25 OECD Countries & in Israel**, PISA 2012 Exams
*National average standard deviation in maths, science and reading exams
**Israel excluding Haredi Jews
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Date: PISA
20. Almost half of Israel’s children today are receiving a
Third World education – and they tend to come from
the fastest growing portions of the population
Children receiving a Third World education will only
be able to maintain a Third World economy
A third world economy cannot support the First
World defence and security force that Israel needs!
Distribution of Pupils in First Grade, 2014
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Date: Ministry of Education
Haredi
(ultra-Orthodox)
19%
State
(non-religious)
42%
Religious
14%
Arabic speakers
25%
Achievements in
basic subjects
below Third
World countries
Most of the pupils
do not study the
basic subjects
21. Political
The neighbourhood (Iran, ISIS, et al)
Palestinian conflict
BDS
The Divided Society
Secular vs Haredi
Jew vs Arab/Non-Jew
Ashkenazi vs Sephardi
Rich vs middle class and poor
The ExistentialThreats
Socio-Economic
The economic miracle is fading
Declining standards of education
Low labour force participation
22. Labour force participation rates among prime working age Israeli women are nearly identical to the OECD average, BUT they are very
low among prime working age men. The share of 35-54 year old Israeli men1
seeking employment is the third lowest among all OECD
countries
Labour Force Participation among Prime Working Age (35-54) Males
In all 34 OECD Countries, 2014
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Date: OECD
1
The prime working-age focus on 35-54 year olds rather than on the more traditional 25-54 age group is due to the fact that Israelis must serve several years in the army, which
delays academic studies and entry into the work-force.
23. The fewer the years of education, the lower the
employment rates – and the faster the rate of
decline in employment (this is what happens
as you move from a developing economy to a
developed economy)
In the case of Haredi men, the sharp decline in
employment rates over the past 3 decades
mirrored the employment decline among
completely uneducated males
In view of the Haredims’ rapid demographic
growth, this is a situation that is not
sustainable over the long-run
Male Employment Rates by Years of Schooling*
Among 35-54 Years Old
*1970-1978 includes Haredim, 1979-2011 excludes Haredim
**1-4 years of education for 1970-1978
Source: Dan Ben-David , Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University (in the Taub Center’s State of the Nation
Reports 2010-2012)
Data: Central Bureau of Statistics
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0-4**
5-8
9-10
11-12
16+
Haredim
(all y ears of education)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
24. Political
The neighbourhood (Iran, ISIS, et al)
Palestinian conflict
BDS
The Divided Society
Secular vs Haredi
Jew vs Arab/Non-Jew
Ashkenazi vs Sephardi
Rich vs middle class and poor
The ExistentialThreats
Socio-Economic
The economic miracle is fading
Declining standards of education
Low labour force participation
Impoverished/inadequate infrastructure
25. Productivity improvements require investments
in human and physical capital. There is a strong
relationship between physical capital investments
and labour productivity across the developed
world. When the amount invested per hour
worked in Israel is at the bottom of the OECD, it
should not come as a surprise that the amount
produced per hour – i.e., labour productivity – is
also very low
Capital Investment and Labour Productivity*
In 30 OECD Countries, 2011
*In current PPP-adjusted dollars
Source: Dan Ben-David , Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University (in the Taub Center’s State of the Nation Report 2013)
Data: World Bank, OECD
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Labor productivity
(GDP per work-hour)
United States
Germany
Denmark
SwedenUnited Kingdom
Switzerland
Finland
Spain
Slovenia
Slovak Rep.
Czech Rep.
Portugal
Norway
New
Greece Zealand
Netherlands
Luxembourg
Korea
Japan
Italy
Ireland
Iceland
Hungary Estonia
France
Canada
Belgium
Austria
Australia
Israel
Gross capital formation per work-hour
26. One key factor directly affecting both productivity and
inequality is the transportation infrastructure
Congestion on Israel’s roads – as measured by the
number of vehicles per kilometre of road – was nearly
identical to the average congestion in small European
countries in 1970
In 2011, congestion on Israeli roads was over three
times the overall OECD average – though the number of
vehicles per capita in Israel was 38% less than the OECD
average
In Israel that the number of vehicles per capita is lower
than in 30 of the other 33 OECD countries (cost of cars
and their usage is so prohibitive), and yet the congestion
on Israel’s roads exceeds that in 30 of the 33
While there has been an increase in road construction
over the past decade, the number of vehicles per
surface area of road still increased by 16% between
2005 and 2013
Congestion on Roads in Israel & in Small European Countries*
Numbers of Vehicles per kilometre of Road, 1970-2012
*Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands and Switzerland
Source: Dan Ben-David , Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Data: Central Bureau of Statistics, World Bank and Ingram and Liu (1999)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012
Israel
small European countries
27. The primary mass transit alternative to cars is rail but
Israel has never even been close to what the small
European countries offer
The number of passenger-kilometres travelled relative
to population size in Israel is but a small fraction of
the European alternative. (Even the substantial
improvement in the past decade and a half is
marginal in comparison to what needs to be done!)
[The recent increase (in the last decade alone) in annual
passenger-kilometres in the small European countries is
greater than the total annual number of passenger
kilometres per capita ever attained by Israel, even after
including the recent improvements]
There are many plans on the table in Israel, but too
few projects are actually being implemented - an age
old story of the Israel system
Railway Passengers in Israel & Small European Countries*
Passengers-Kilometres relative to Population Size, 1980-2012
*Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands and Switzerland
Source: Dan Ben-David , Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Data: World Bank
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
0
Israel
small European countries
28. Political
The neighbourhood (Iran, ISIS, et al)
Palestinian conflict
BDS
The Divided Society
Secular vs Haredi
Jew vs Arab/Non-Jew
Ashkenazi vs Sephardi
Rich vs middle class and poor
The ExistentialThreats
Socio-Economic
The economic miracle is fading
Declining standards of education
Low labour force participation
Imperished/inadequate infrastructure
29. Considerations/Questions
Can the intervention achieve strategic impact
Is it focused?
Does it have measurable outcomes?
Will a broad funding base leverage the outcomes?
Is it relevant to world Jewry?
Does the intervention facilitate the participation of Israel’s People and
Government?
Is it grounded in the universe of the possible?
Will it be self-sustaining over time?
31. Israel’s overall tax burden is relatively low, its share of total
tax revenue emanating from direct taxes is also relatively low,
and the proportion of direct taxes coming from individuals is
relatively low as well. So it would appear to be obvious that
the primary focus needs to be on raising direct taxes on
individuals.
Except that this is not as obvious as it may initially appear:
Individuals – be they employees, self-employed or non-
employed – account for 72% of Israel’s social security
contributions, compared to 41% in the OECD
Nearly 50% of the Israeli population pay no income tax at
all. 20% of the population account for 89% of the entire
income tax revenue
So the question is, who would the additional income taxes be
levied on – those whose incomes are so low that they do not
even reach the bottom rung of the income tax ladder, or those
already shouldering 89% of the burden?
Share of Total Income Tax Revenue Paid by Income Deciles
Source: Dan Ben-David , Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Data: Finance Ministry
32. A great deal of support for Haredi households comes
from private sources – charity!
On average support of NIS 535 comes from other
households (in Israel and abroad), and NIS 1,331
from institutions in Israel that are not the National
Insurance Institute (NII) - Ministry of Welfare,
yeshivas and the like - and much of these funds
come from private sources
The benefits that Haredi households receive from
both private and public sources are about NIS 1,300
higher than in other sectors. (Support from the NII
is lower because the population is relatively young)
Monthly Household Benefits and Support
By population and source of support, in shekels, 2011
* Income from individuals in Israel; alimony/child support; other ongoing income
**Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Immigrant Absorption, Ministry of Construction and Housing, Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, the Jewish Agency, yeshivas and the like;
ongoing scholarships
Source: Deitan Regev, Taub Center
Data: Central Bureau of Statistics, Household Expenditure Survey
34. Addresses poverty, unfairness, entitlement and disgruntlement
Universal Jewish challenge!
Existential issue which goes to the heart of the long-term sustainability and
competitiveness of Israel!
35. Today’s children are tomorrow’s adults
The fastest growing segments of Israel’s population tend to be those who are also receiving the worst core education
.Future Population of Israel
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Data: Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank of Israel
Non-Haredi Jews
Haredi Jews
Arab-Israelis
70% 50%
10%
20% 23%
1980 2009 2059
(projection)
4%
80% 70% 50%
27%
10%
23%4% 20%
16%
(3.9 million) (15.6 million)*(7.6 million)
36. In just over four decades from today, what will
happen if employment and productivity rates
among Haredim and Arab-Israelis remain as
they are and do not converge to those of the
rest of society?
The result will be an almost 10% decline in
national labour participation rates
With a smaller share of the population
working, this will have a negative impact on
the tax base
Many of these same individuals will need
government assistance so spending will
need to rise
Projected Changes in Labour Participation Rates
Possible Scenarios: 2010-2059
Source: Bank of Israel
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2059
Scenario 1: no change in employment and
productivity gaps between Haredim/Arab-
Israelis and non-Haredi Jews
Scenario 2: reduction in employment and
productivity gaps between Haredim/Arab-
Israelis and non-Haredi Jews
37. If employment and productivity rates among
Haredim and Arab- Israelis do not converge to
those of the rest of society, then – despite the
expected increase in tax revenues from Israel’s
newly-found gas fields – the ratio of government
tax revenues to GDP is expected to fall sharply
alongside a steep increase in the ratio of
government expenditures to GDP
The government deficit, as a share of GDP, will
increase more than four-fold!
Projected Future Government Incomes and Expenditures*
As percent of GDP, 2014-2059
*Based on Central Bureau of Statistics’ middle projection
Source: National Economic Council, Prime Minister’s Office
Data: Finance Ministry (Geva)
Scenario 1: no change in
employment and productivity gaps
between Haredim/Arab-Israelis and non-Haredim Jews
Scenario 2: reduction in employment and
productivity gaps between Haredim/Arab-Israelis
and non-Haredim Jews
2014 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2059
34%
38%
40%
42%
44%
46%
48%
government expenditures
(scenario 1)
13.2% deficit
(scenario 1)
3.0% deficit 1.0% deficit
(scenario 2)
government incomes
(scenario 1)
government expenditures
(scenario 2)
government incomes
(scenario 2)
38. With government incomes falling and expenditures
rising under the scenario in which employment and
productivity rates among Haredim and Arab-Israelis
do not converge to those of the rest of society, Israel’s
debt will rise to unmanageable heights – and a
default event is probable.
While defaults are seismic events on any national
scale, the Israeli predicament will be far worse than
common scenarios:
Israel’s primary problem is that a very large share of
an entire generation will have grown up without
the skills to support a modern economy
A large share of those with the education and the
skills – and alternatives in other countries – may no
longer be in Israel to pass these skills on to the next
generation if and when the country defaults
Projected Debt-GDP Ratios
Possible Scenarios*: 2010-2059
*Based on Central Bureau of Statistics’ middle projection
Source: Finance Ministry (Geva)
50%
70%
90%
110%
130%
150%
170%
2014 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2059
190%
Scenario 1: no change in employment and
productivity gaps between Haredim/Arab-
Israelis and non-Haredi Jews
Scenario 2: reduction in employment and
productivity gaps between Haredim/Arab-
Israelis and non-Haredi Jews
39. Addresses poverty, unfairness, entitlement and disgruntlement!
Universal Jewish challenge!
Existential issue which goes to the heart of the long-term sustainability and
competitiveness of Israel!
Scalable!
Within the universe of the possible!
40. The opening of Haredi colleges in recent years is good
and there has been a substantial increase in the number
of Haredim in higher education.
BUT
However, beware of the fallacy of anecdotal evidence
The relevant measure is not the absolute number of
Haredim with an academic degree but the share of
Haredim with such degrees
The percentage of prime-working age (35-54 year-old)
Haredi men and women with academic degrees
remains very low and relatively stable over the past
decade. This contrasts sharply with the much higher,
and rising, rates of academic attainment among non-
Haredi Jews in Israel
When the age group is lowered to 20-34, the rates are
even lower for the men while in the case of women,
these have risen to rates roughly similar to those
among prime working-age Haredi women
Share of Prime Working-Age Jewish-Israelis with Academic Degrees
Age 35-54 (unless specified otherwise), 2002-2013
Source: Dan Ben-David and Ira Yaari, Shoresh Institution
Data: Central Bureau of Statistics
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2013
non-Haredi Jewish men
non-Haredi Jewish women
Haredi men Haredi women
Haredi men
(ages 20-34)
Haredi women (ages 20-34)
41. As an economy develops, the economic growth
process entails a continuously increasing demand
for educated and skilled workers – with just the
opposite for those who are poorly educated and
unskilled:
The wages of Israeli workers with more than 12
years of education have risen by more than the
wages of those with up to 12 years of education
The quantity of work by Israeli workers with more
than 12 years of education rose by more than
those with up to 12 years of education
The fact that both relative wages and the relative
quantity of work rose is an indication of a
movement upwards and to the right along the
supply curve – which is caused by a relatively
greater increase in the demand for educated
workers than in their supply
Changes in Wages and Quantity of Work
Among educated Workers relative to others, 1998-2011
*Total number of annual hours worked by full-time employees
Source: Ayal Kimhi, Moty Citrin and Oren Tirosh, Shoresh Institution
Data: Central Bureau of Statistics
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Ratio of monthly wages for workers with more than 12 years of schooling
Relative to workers with up to or equal to 12 years of schooling
1.8
Wages
Quantity of work*
Ratio of work-hours for workers more than 12 years of schooling
relative to workers with up to or equal to 12 years of schooling
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
42. The primary reason that Haredi Jews in Israel are so poorly
educated appears to be related more to their political power
within the country than to actual religious constraints. They
do not allow the full national core curriculum into most of
their classrooms and schools and most men do not even
receive a formal education beyond eighth grade.
A unique feature of Israel’s education system is that it allows
Haredi parents to use religion as a means to prevent their
children from receiving an education that will provide them
with alternatives when they become adults. Consequently, it
is very difficult for such individuals to eventually reach higher
education, even if they may one day become interested in
doing so:
Share of Haredim with an Academic Degree, 2013*
*Adults 18 and up in the US and 20 and up in Israel
Source: Dan Ben-David, Shoresh Institution and Tel Aviv University
Data: Central Bureau of Statistics and Pew Research Center
Israel
United States
25.0%
12.1%
Though their adherence to the Jewish religion is ostensibly similar, the share of Haredi Jews in the States with academic degrees is
twice that of Haredi Jews in Israel!
Education and the Jewish religion were not always considered foreign to one another as they may appear to some today. After all,
Maimonides, the Rambam, was a physician – and, an illuminating example from more recent times: the Lubavitcher Rebbe
Schneerson was as an electrical engineer who studied mathematics at both the University of Berlin and the Sorbonne.
43. Addresses poverty, unfairness, entitlement and disgruntlement!
Universal Jewish challenge!
Existential issue which goes to the heart of the long-term sustainability and
competitiveness of Israel!
Scalable!
Within the universe of the possible!
44. Coherent vision and strategy!
Coherent and trusted intervention done with the Haredi Community not for them!
Coherent programme of assessment, training, support and placement!
Coherent partnership with Government!
Coherent results to date:
Since 2007 – 12,500 scholarships awarded
Since 2010 (first graduation) – 5,000 graduates (drop-out rate less than 5%) across all sectors of the
economy
Average starting wage NIS 8,000 per month (minimum wage NIS 4,650 per month)
40,000 to 50,000 benefit from the 5,000 employed!
Coherent and legitimate need to do more:
By 2020 the annual loss to the state = NIS 9 billion
By 2030 the annual loss to the state = NIS 13,5 billion!
Kemach works and can be scaled to do even more
45. Political
The neighbourhood (Iran, ISIS, et al)
Palestinian conflict
BDS
The Divided Society
Secular vs Haredi
Jew vs Arab/Non-Jew
Ashkenazi vs Sephardi
Rich vs middle class and poor
The ExistentialThreats
Socio-Economic
The economic miracle is fading
Declining standards of education
Low labour force participation
Imperished/inadequate infrastructure