The document discusses the origins and evolution of the universe according to the Big Bang theory. It describes how the universe began as a singularity that rapidly expanded in an inflationary period, creating the hydrogen, helium, and other elements that now make up the cosmos. It discusses how stars formed from hydrogen and later exploded, seeding the universe with heavier elements. The theory was initially resisted but gained support over time from evidence like Hubble's discovery of redshift and the cosmic microwave background radiation.

1. The Big Bang
By: Rael,Vincent, and Charlie

2. The Big Bang
• Started as a singularity with all matter, space and time in
universe
• Expansion at the speed of light (inflation) for several
possible reasons:
• Too much pressure
• All matter, space, and time rushed into the universe
• Very fast, because Universal Speed Limit (speed of light)
was faster at early Universe
• It is believed that mainly hydrogen, quark-gluon plasma,
and the thought Higgs bosun was created from the
expansion

3. A Star’s Life
• Hydrogen was the main element
released in the Big Bang
• Hydrogen condenses to form stars
• Stars burn due to the nuclear fusion
from hydrogen to helium
• When the star ‘runs’ out of hydrogen to
convert to helium, it starts to form all of
the other elements, stopping at iron
(the heaviest)
• If a star is big enough, it explodes into a
supernova, the most violent explosion in
the current universe, sending all the
elements flying out into space

4. Planet formation
• When there is a supernova, the elements get
flung out into space
• When solid elements such as nickel and iron
collide, they will fuse together, and over time,
form planets

5. The Theory of Relativity:
Einstein’s Mistake
• 1916: Einstein worked on Theory of
Relativity
• Theory said Universe was either expanding
or contracting constantly
• Steady State Theory was most accepted,
Einstein changed theory to fit static
Universe

6. Steady State Theory
• Steady State theory: matter moves apart,
new matter forms to fill the void
• Stars formed elements
• Hydrogen clouds compressed by gravity:
meld together to form helium
• Nuclear reaction pushes outward, gravity
pulls inward
• But where did hydrogen come from?

7. The Creation of the Big Bang
Theory: Lemaitre takes a stand
• Georges Lemaitre: Catholic priest +
mathematician
• Lemaitre made theory: Universe started
with an explosion
• Lemaitre and Einstein argued about theory

8. The First Proof
• 1917: 100-inch telescope
was most powerful
telescope in the world
• Mt. Wilson
Observatory: Edwin
Hubble owned one
• Hubble saw spirals in
sky: nebulae
• Thought nebulae were

9. Hubble’s Proof
• Hubble took pictures of the nebulae’s
movement
• Through changes in measurements of light,
deduced nebulae were all moving away
• Einstein and Hubble met to discuss
theories, and Lemaitre gate-crashed their
meeting

10. Bob Wilson’s Proof
• 1964: Bob Dicky and Bob Wilkinson at
Princeton University thought of a way to
detect heat radiation (Microwave Cosmic
Background Radiation) from the Big Bang
• Bob Wilson started work at Bell Labs
• Horn to detect radios was not working
• 1965: Wilson called Dicky
• Dicky explained to Wilson

11. Hoyle’s Disagreement
• Fred Hoyle disagreed with Big Bang
• Named it Big Bang, name stuck
• Supported Steady State theory

12. New Proof: the LHC
• Science is recreating/modeling things
• Why not make mini-Big Bang?
• LHC: Large Hadron Collider
• LHC recreates Big Bang: speeds of
hundreds of particles with density like Big
Bang’s singularity
• Hope to find Higgs bosun: particle which
gives other particles mass

13. The Color Red
• A redshift occurs when an object is moving
quickly
• A redshift is when an object looks redder
than it really is
• Everything in the Universe seen from Earth
is redder than it should be, which meant it
was moving away quickly

14. The End

15. Credits
• Works Cited
Boeyink, Rowdy. Personal interview. 15 Feb. 2012.
Giesbrecht, Justin. Personal interview. 15 Feb. 2012.
Hawking, Stephen. A Briefer History of Time. United States and Canada: Bantam, 2005. Print.
- - -. A Brief History of Time. 10th Annivesary ed. United States and Canada: Bantam, 1998. Print.
Hawking, Stephen, and Leonard Mlodinow. The Grand Design. Illus. Simon Sullivan and Sidney Harris. Great Britain: Transworld, 2010. Print.
Khadar, Avraham, prod. “Big Bang.” Brainpop. N.p., 2012. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.brainpop.com/‌science/‌space/‌bigbang/>.
National Geographic Society. “Origins of the Universe.” National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 2012. Web. 14 Feb. 2012. <http://
science.nationalgeographic.com/‌science/‌space/‌universe/‌origins-universe-article.html>.