Big bang Theory

1. BIG BANG :
SOMETHING FROM NOTHING
PRESENTED BY –
SHAHRUKH KHAN
12 MEB 336
GG 9510
A3M(B) 28

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
• TIMELINE OF THE BIG BANG THEORY
• MISCONCEPTIONS
• PROOF
• FUTURE OF THE UNIVERSE
• CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
BIG BANG THEORY : Cosmological model
which predicts the formation of universe
IT GIVES THE IDEA OF –
• SINGULARITY
• COOLING
• STRUCTURE FORMATION

4. HISTORY
NEWTON’S STATIC UNIVERSE :
• Universe is static and composed of an infinite
number of stars that are scattered randomly
throughout an infinite space
• Universe is infinitely old and will exist forever
without any major changes

5. TIMELINE FOR BIG BANG
THEORY
SINGULARITY :
Extrapolation of the expansion of the universe
backwards in time using general relativity yields
an infinite density and temperature
INFLATION :
Approximately 10−37 seconds into the
expansion, a phase transition caused a cosmic
inflation, during which the universe
grew exponentially

6. CONTD..
BARYOGENESIS :
Generic term for the hypothetical physical
processes that produced an asymmetry
between baryons and antibaryons
COOLING :
After a few minutes into expansion the
temperature began to fall

7. A. UNIVERSE EXPANSION AS PER THE BIG BANG THEORY

8. MISCONCEPTIONS
#1
There was no explosion but expansion
#2
Singularity was not a fireball in the space
because space didn’t exist prior to the big
bang

9. PROOF
#1
UNIVERSAL EXPANSION AND HUBBLE’S LAW
#2
3 DEGREE BACKGROUND RADIATION
#3
QUASARS
#4
STELLAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION

10. UNIVERSAL EXPANSION AND
HUBBLE’S LAW
• Galaxies are moving away from us
• The farther, the faster they move
B

11. 3 DEGREE BACKGROUND
RADIATION
• Noise radiation (static) is evenly spread across
space
• The amount of radiation matched predictions
C

12. QUASARS
• Super large (solar system size) galactic cores that
put out more light than whole galaxies
• Nothing exists past them

13. We have observed stars forming, burning and
exploding
STELLAR FORMATION AND
EVOLUTION
E

14. Big Bang theory leads to three possible futures :
#1
OPEN UNIVERSE
#2
FLAT UNIVERSE
#3
CLOSED UNIVERSE
THE FUTURE

15. According to this theory :
• Galaxies will continue racing outward
• All of the stars will die off as the last of their energy
is released
• There will be nothing left
OPEN UNIVERSE

16. According to this theory :
• Universe expands forever but at a continually
decelerating rate
• Expansion would asymptotically approach to zero
• The final fate would be similar to the open universe
FLAT UNIVERSE

17. According to this theory :
• Gravitational attraction between the galaxies will
cause the movement away from each other to slow
down
• Eventually they would come to a halt
• All of the matter and energy will again come close
together
CLOSED UNIVERSE

18. Average distance between galaxies vs time
Average distance between galaxies vs timeF.

19. The Big Bang theory is the best explanation we have
for the origin of the universe. However, there are still
some gaps and inconsistencies in our knowledge.
And lastly, Are we pretty sure that everything has a
beginning..??
CONCLUSION

20. 1. "Big-bang model" Encyclopaedia Britannica
Retrieved 11 February 2015.
2. Hawking, S.; Ellis, G. F. (1968) "The Cosmic Black-
Body Radiation and the Existence of Singularities in our
Universe". Astrophysical Journal, vol. 152, p.25 (in
English).
3. Kragh, H. (1996). Cosmology and Controversy
Princeton University Press. p. 318. ISBN 0-691-02623-8
4. Kolb and Turner, Chapter 6
5. Croswell, K. (1995) Chapter 9. The Alchemy of the
Heavens.
6."Planck reveals an almost perfect Universe ESA3-21.
Retrieved 2013-03-21.
REFERENCES

21. 7. Images A,E : www.universetoday.com
8. Images B,C : cosmology.berkeley.edu/FAQ/q29.html
9. Image D : www.astronomytoday.com
10. Image F : burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/advanced
CONTD.