4. Objectives
Lithium + Iron =
Beryllium + Gallium + Nitrogen =
Tungsten + Iodine + Thorium =
Carbon + Rhenium + Astatine + Iodine + Oxygen +Nitrogen
Li Fe
Be Ga N
W I Th
C Re At I O N
5. Objective
define Big Bang Theory.
1
At the
end of
the lesson,
learners sho
uld be able
to:
2 give evidence for and explain
the formation of the light elements in
the Big bang theory.
6. Learn about It!
Cosmology
• is the body of science that
studies the origin, evolution and
eventual fate of the universe
7. Learn about It!
Religious Cosmology
Religious or mythological cosmology explains the origin of
universe and life based on religious beliefs of a specific tradition
The concept of creatio ex nihilo
God creating the universe as written in the book of Genesis
8. Learn about It!
Physical Cosmology
Physical cosmology explains the origin of universe
based on scientific insights, studies and experiments
Nicolaus Copernicus and the heliocentric nature of the
universe
The expanding universe through Albert Einstein’s theory
of relativity
The big bang theory
9. Learn about It!
Big Bang
Theory
• The universe began as a
singularity or a point
containing all space, time,
matter and energy
• It expanded rapidly in
nothingness through a
rapid yet peaceful process
called inflation
• The universe cooled
down as it expanded .
• A soup of matter in the form of subatomic particles
was formed and nuclei of light atoms were
created via nucleosynthesis or nuclear fusion between
protons and neutrons
10. Learn about It!
Big Bang Theory
Evidences
Vesto Slipher and Carl Wilhelm Wirtz (1910)
• Measurement of redshift
• Observed that most spiral galaxies were
moving away from the earth.
Georges Lemaître (1927)
• Proposed alternative idea that the universe
is expanding.
11. Learn about It!
Evidences
Edwin Hubble (1929)
Calculated distances between the earth
and several galaxies using redshift of
light.
Observed distant galaxies were moving
away from the Earth and one another.
12. Learn about It!
Big Bang Theory
• Evidences
• Robert Wilson and Arno
Penzias (1965)
• Discovered cosmic
microwave background
radiation (CMBR)—a low,
steady humming noise
believed to be energy
remains.
• Primordial or Big bang
Nucleosynthesis
13. Learn about It!
• Nucleosynthesis
is the creation of new atomic nuclei, the
centers of atoms that are made up of protons
and neutrons.
14. Learn about It!
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), also known as
primordial nucleosynthesis, is the process of producing
light elements during the big bang expansion
• It yields two stable isotopes of hydrogen, two isotopes of
helium, some lithium atoms and beryllium isotopes
Big Bang Theory
15. Learn about It!
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
1. A proton (p) and a neutron (n) may fuse together to yield a
high-energy photon (γ) and an isotope of hydrogen (H)
called deuterium (D or 2H, with one p and one n)
Big Bang Theory
20. Key Points
The big bang theory is a cosmological model that
describes how the universe started its expansion about
13.8 billion years ago.
1
Big bang nucleosynthesis is the process of producing
light elements during the big bang expansion.
2
The correlation between the predicted and observed
cosmic abundances of hydrogen and helium was the
major proof of the big bang theory.
3
