The document discusses the Big Bang theory, which states that the universe began in an enormous explosion roughly 13.8 billion years ago from a single point that contained all mass and space. It explains that the universe has been constantly expanding ever since. The Big Bang theory was discovered through the work of scientists like Alexander Friedman, Georges Lemaître, and Edwin Hubble in the 1920s and 1930s, who provided evidence of an expanding universe through observations of galaxies moving away from Earth and remnants of the early universe.