This paper discusses about a LabVIEW based controller for the hybrid renewable energy system operated AC-DC microgrid with the major objectives of: i) predicting the power generation potential of the solar–PV and wind generators ii) effective power management iii) load scheduling based on the available power with the renewable sources and iv) grid/islanding mode of operation of the microgrid. In order topredict the output power of wind generator and Solar-PV system, an artificial neural network is developed.The laboratory-scale model of three phase, 400 V, 10 kVA microgrid structure is developed at National Institute of Technology Calicut, India. The developed LabVIEW based controller has been tested successfully for a real-time load and source in the laboratory environment. Test results show that the designed controller is effectively managing the output powerof the primary energy sources under different scenarios.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR CRITICAL LOADS USING POWER ELECTRONICSrenukasningadally
The work aims at an Energy Management System (EMS) for Critical loads using Power Electronics. Here hybrid power sources (Grid and Solar cells) with battery have been used to supply the power to the critical loads at all times, suppose an end user increases his critical loads or non-critical loads this EMS system helps to maintain continuous power supply to these loads. Solar or Photovoltaic cells have been used for storing energy through battery and these batteries will discharge the stored energy at two conditions, one is when grid is shut down for short duration or for a long duration and another one is when there sudden increase in load by users
Stand-alone Hybrid systems become appreciating issues that ensure the required electricity to consumers. The development of a stand-alone Hybrid system becomes a necessity for multiple applications The enhance energy security. To achieve this objective, we have proposed an accurate dynamic model using Multi-Agent System (MAS) in which a solar energy System (SES) serves as the main load supply, an energy Backup System (ERS) is based on a fuel cell and Electrolyzer for long-term energy storage and an Ultra Capacitor (UCap) storage system deployed as a short-time storage. To cooperate with all systems, an Intelligent Power Management (IPM) based on a specific MAS is included. Thus, to prove the performance of the system, we tested and simulated it using the Matlab/Simulink environment.
There is need for an energy storage device capable of transferring high power in transient situations
aboard naval vessels. Currently, batteries are used to accomplish this task, but previous research has
shown that when utilized at high power rates, these devices deteriorate over time causing a loss in lifespan.
It has been shown that a hybrid energy storage configuration is capable of meeting such a demand while
reducing the strain placed on individual components. While designing a custom converter capable of
controlling the power to and from a battery would be ideal for this application, it can be costly to develop
when compared to purchasing commercially available products. Commercially available products offer
limited controllability in exchange for their proven performance and lower cost point - often times only
allowing a system level control input without any way to interface with low level controls that are
frequently used in controller design. This paper proposes the use of fuzzy logic control in order to provide
a system level control to the converters responsible for limiting power to and from the battery. A system
will be described mathematically, modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, and a fuzzy logic controller will be
compared with a typical controller.
Operation and Control of Grid Connected Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid using Various RESIAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in alliance with Photo Voltaic (PV) energy, Wind Energy and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel cells. Microgrids are becoming increasingly attractive to the researchers because of the less greenhouse gases, low running cost, and flexibility to operate in connection with utility grid. The Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid constitutes independent AC and DC subgrids, where all the corresponding sources and loads are connected to their respective buses and these buses are interfaced using an interfacing converter. The Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid increases system efficiency by reducing the multiple reverse conversions involved in conventional RES integration to grid. A Small Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in grid connected mode was modeled and simulated in MATLAB- SIMULINK environment. The simulation results prove the stable operation considering the uncertainty of generations and loads.
Daymark Energy Advisors Principal Consultant Stan Faryniarz spoke on energy storage technologies as part of the session "Storage Project & Policy Successes: Enhancing Renewables Integration & Resilience" at The 2016 Renewable Energy Vermont (REV 2016) Conference.
Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid En...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR CRITICAL LOADS USING POWER ELECTRONICSrenukasningadally
The work aims at an Energy Management System (EMS) for Critical loads using Power Electronics. Here hybrid power sources (Grid and Solar cells) with battery have been used to supply the power to the critical loads at all times, suppose an end user increases his critical loads or non-critical loads this EMS system helps to maintain continuous power supply to these loads. Solar or Photovoltaic cells have been used for storing energy through battery and these batteries will discharge the stored energy at two conditions, one is when grid is shut down for short duration or for a long duration and another one is when there sudden increase in load by users
Stand-alone Hybrid systems become appreciating issues that ensure the required electricity to consumers. The development of a stand-alone Hybrid system becomes a necessity for multiple applications The enhance energy security. To achieve this objective, we have proposed an accurate dynamic model using Multi-Agent System (MAS) in which a solar energy System (SES) serves as the main load supply, an energy Backup System (ERS) is based on a fuel cell and Electrolyzer for long-term energy storage and an Ultra Capacitor (UCap) storage system deployed as a short-time storage. To cooperate with all systems, an Intelligent Power Management (IPM) based on a specific MAS is included. Thus, to prove the performance of the system, we tested and simulated it using the Matlab/Simulink environment.
There is need for an energy storage device capable of transferring high power in transient situations
aboard naval vessels. Currently, batteries are used to accomplish this task, but previous research has
shown that when utilized at high power rates, these devices deteriorate over time causing a loss in lifespan.
It has been shown that a hybrid energy storage configuration is capable of meeting such a demand while
reducing the strain placed on individual components. While designing a custom converter capable of
controlling the power to and from a battery would be ideal for this application, it can be costly to develop
when compared to purchasing commercially available products. Commercially available products offer
limited controllability in exchange for their proven performance and lower cost point - often times only
allowing a system level control input without any way to interface with low level controls that are
frequently used in controller design. This paper proposes the use of fuzzy logic control in order to provide
a system level control to the converters responsible for limiting power to and from the battery. A system
will be described mathematically, modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, and a fuzzy logic controller will be
compared with a typical controller.
Operation and Control of Grid Connected Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid using Various RESIAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in alliance with Photo Voltaic (PV) energy, Wind Energy and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel cells. Microgrids are becoming increasingly attractive to the researchers because of the less greenhouse gases, low running cost, and flexibility to operate in connection with utility grid. The Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid constitutes independent AC and DC subgrids, where all the corresponding sources and loads are connected to their respective buses and these buses are interfaced using an interfacing converter. The Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid increases system efficiency by reducing the multiple reverse conversions involved in conventional RES integration to grid. A Small Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in grid connected mode was modeled and simulated in MATLAB- SIMULINK environment. The simulation results prove the stable operation considering the uncertainty of generations and loads.
Daymark Energy Advisors Principal Consultant Stan Faryniarz spoke on energy storage technologies as part of the session "Storage Project & Policy Successes: Enhancing Renewables Integration & Resilience" at The 2016 Renewable Energy Vermont (REV 2016) Conference.
Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid En...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.
An Higher Case Operation and Analysis of a Multiple Renewable Resources Conne...IJERA Editor
In our nation the usage of electricity is increasing day-by-day. According to that conserdations, the generated
power from the non-renewable sources will not satisfy the demands properly. so for these purpose, by using
multiple renewable sources, it will be very useful to some type of dc applications. The power produced from the
individual renewable sources will not be satisfy the demand at all times. So by integration of a multiple
renewable sources such as wind and solar a huge amount of power will be produced. These power will be
coordinated to the ac grid or directly to dc consumers. For integration of renewable sources an aggregated model
has to be proposed. In according to these operation BESS (battery energy storage system)is equipped with the
system for maintaining the power balance. For obtaining the power balance the adaptive droop control technique
has to be proposed and droop curves are evaluated. The droop characteristics are selected on the basis of the
deviation between the optimized and real-time SOC of the BESS. In these paper, the operational analysis can be
performed when real time soc is higher than the optimised soc and droop curves are plotted.
COORDINATED CONTROL AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION INVERTERS...ijiert bestjournal
In modern world,our entire life moves around Computers. Most of our tasks are dependent on the Computers,like Communication,Ticket Reservations,Researches,Printing,and Education etc. When we communicate with each other by using Computers through E Mails,a number of Computers are used for this purpose and the collection of these computers forms a network,which is called a Computer Network. As more and more peoples are going to be connected through the general network (INTERNET),the problem of security arises. Now a day,a number of security issues occur in networks which include Sniffing,Spoofing,Security Attacks,Malwares,Unauthorized Access,etc. This will create havoc for the users,who wants to communicate with each other through these networks. So,to make the communication between two users via the Computer Networks,we have to follow some security measures,which include using the Firewalls,Anti Malicious Software,Intrusion Detection Systems,Cryptography Techniques,et c. This paper is basically focused on how the communication between two users has been performed by using Computer Networks and how to make such a communication
This article presents the system design and prediction performance of a 1kW capacity grid-tied photovoltaic inverter applicable for low or medium-voltage electrical distri-bution networks. System parameters, for instance, the longitude and latitude of the solar plant location, panel orientation, tilt and azimuth angle calculation, feasibility testing, optimal sizing of installment are analyzed in the model and the utility is sim-ulated precisely to construct an efficient solar power plant for residential applications. In this paper, meteorological data are computed to discuss the impact of environmen-tal variables. As regards ensuring reliability and sustenance, a simulation model of the system of interest is tested in the PVsyst software package. Simulation results yield that the optimum energy injected to the national grid from the solar plant, specific pro-duction, and performance ratio are 1676kWh/year, 1552kWh/kWp/year, and 79.29% respectively. Moreover, the predicted carbon footprint reduction is 23.467 tons during the 30 years lifetime of the system. Therefore, the performance assessments affirm the effectiveness of the proposed research.
GA Based Controller for Autonomous Wind-DG Micro gridIOSRJEEE
A single renewable source of energy when integrated with other sources of energy it is termed as hybrid system. In this paper an active power control strategy has been developed such that when the wind alone is not able to meet the energy demand, without compromising the frequency a transition occurs to wind diesel mode so that the energy demand is met. This work proposes the coordination of WDG(Wind DG), VSC’s are used for two purposes one is frequency control and another is voltage control. PMBLDC generator is used as a wind power generator and the Incremental conductance method is used as MPPT along with boost converter. This output is stored into battery system (BS) and surplus is supplied to the consumer loads. Back propagation feed forward (BPFF) control scheme is used for VF control of VSC. This controller provides harmonics elimination, load leveling and reactive power compensation and also regulates the voltage at PCC. Genetic algorithm is used for the purpose of tuning PI controller of BPFF. The performance and the analysis is done in a user friendly MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Performance analysis of grid-tied photovoltaic system under varying weather c...IJECEIAES
Model and simulation of the impact of the distribution grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system feeding a variable load with its control system have been investigated in this study. Incremental Conductance (IncCond) algorithm based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) was implemented for the PV system to extract maximum power under different weather conditions when solar irradiation varies between 250 W/m 2 and 1000 W/m 2 . The proposed system is modelled and simulated with MATLAB/Simulink tools. Under different weather conditions, the dynamic performance of the PV system is evaluated. The results obtained show the efficacy of the proposed MPPT method in response to rapid daytime weather variations. The results also show that the surplus power generated is injected into the grid when the injected power from the PV system is higher than the load demand; otherwise, the grid supplies the load.
Optimized Power Flows in Microgrid with and without Distributed Energy Storag...Power System Operation
This study presents a combined algebraic and power flow model of a microgrid. The aim of this study is to introduce a strong tool which is capable to compare physical parameters of a microgrid which are hardly possible to calculate only by common algebraic optimization methods. Especially interesting is comparison between microgrids without energy storage, with a single bigger battery plant and with distributed batteries. This study focuses mainly on high voltage (HV) part of a transformer, inductive power and power losses in microgrids. Modelled microgrid consists of five robust nodes (which can represent living quarters with renewable energy production and energy storage) connected into a single transformer node, which later leads to the transmission system.
Simulation of generalized hybrid model for solar and wind power generationIJERA Editor
Due to urbanization, globalization and industrialization the demand for energy is rapidly increasing allows the world and India is not an exception. Out of all energies electrical energy is playing a major role in developed as well as developing countries. The energy is mostly produced by fossil fuels which are developing day his is to by day .they also produce lot of pollutants which totally damage the environment the alternative to this is to encourage renewable energy source. Now days the energy production at domestic level is becoming popular with the help of solar and wind energies . These technologies are widely used now days in the present paper an attempt has been made to simulate a generalized hybrid model including solar and wind.
Isolated Wind Hydro Hybrid Generation System with Battery StorageIJMER
In this paper, a new isolated wind- hydro hybrid generation system comprising one squirrel -cage induction generator (SCIG) driven by a variable-speed wind turbine and another synchronous generator driven by constant power hydro turbine feeding three phase four wire local loads is proposed. The system utilizes two back to back connected voltage-source converters (VSCs) with a battery energy storage system at their dc link. The main objective of the control algorithm for the VSC is to achieve control of the magnitude and the frequency of the load voltage. The proposed wind-hydro hybrid system has a capability of bidirectional active- and reactive-power flow, by which it controls the magnitude and the frequency of the load voltage. The proposed electromechanical system is modelled and simulated in MATLAB using Simulink.
Hybrid Generation Power System for Domestic ApplicationsIJAPEJOURNAL
This work presents the plan and model of the control strategy for the interconnection of the hybrid energy system able to regulating this load’s voltage and controlling the energy generation with the energy options. The control strategy contains controlling the energy generated through each energy source, in a hierarchical mode using sliding/dropping mode control, while consuming consideration elements that have an impact on each electrical power source and transform the energy generated in order to suitable circumstances for lower power and domestic programs. The cross alternative energy system consists of photovoltaic cellular material, fuel cellular material and battery packs. A numerical equation in order to estimate the perfect voltage involving photovoltaic systems for virtually every solar irradiance and temperature circumstances is suggested. Simulations of a single or a lot more systems interconnected towards the load with the entire proposed control scheme, under different ecological and weight conditions, usually are introduced to indicate this efficiency with the procedure.
Design and simulation of stand alone integrated renewable energy system for r...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Present day guided weapon systems, especially tactical class missiles use RF seeker, for target tracking towards terminal engagement. The seeker system including its antenna assembly will be onboard the missile. Due to the missile trajectory corrections, the seeker antenna pointing to the target may get disturbed resulting in track loss. To avoid this track loss, it becomes necessary to stabilize the antenna system in two planes. The fundamental role of stabilization loop in seeker application is to precisely follow the angular rate of the target. In order to achieve this requirement, it is essential to highly isolate the gimbaled antenna from the missile body motion due to the maneuvering of target or low frequency vibration during flight. However, the isolation ratio and stability margin of stabilization loop adopting the gimbaled platform with both low stiffness and heavy inertia are limited by mechanical characteristic such as low resonance frequency and its high magnitude. The selection of proper feedback sensors, modeling of the total system are key features of this project. In the end, the performance and the stability of designed stabilization loop are demonstrated using simulation in both frequency and time domain. The Hardware for the system is under realization by the Industry. The whole scheme is simulated in MATLAB off-line for this project.
Keywords: Missile, RF seeker, Track loss, Stabilization loop, Angular Rate Command, Bore-Sight Error, Maneuvering and Gimbaled Platform.
Fuzzy logic control of hybrid systems including renewable energy in microgrids IJECEIAES
With a growing demand for more energy from subscribers, a traditional electric grid is unable to meet new challenges, in the remote areas remains the extension of the conventional electric network very hard to do make prohibitively expensive. Therefore, a new advanced generation of traditional electrical is inevitable and indispensable to move toward an effective, economical, green, clean and self-correcting power system. The most well-known term used to define this next generation power system is micro grid (MG) based on renewable energy sources (RES). Since, the energy produced by RES are not constant at all times, a wide range of energy control techniques must be involved to provide a reliable power to consumers. To solve this problem in this paper we present a fuzzy logic control of isolated hybrid systems (HRES) including renewable energy in micro-grids to maintain a stability in voltage and frequency output especially in the standalone application. The considered HRES combine a wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) panels as primary energy sources and an energy storage system (ESS) based on battery as a backup solution. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink environment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in decreasing the electricity bill of customer.
Intelligent control of battery energy storage for microgrid energy management...IJECEIAES
In this paper, an intelligent control strategy for a microgrid system consisting of Photovoltaic panels, grid-connected, and li-ion battery energy storage systems proposed. The energy management based on the managing of battery charging and discharging by integration of a smart controller for DC/DC bidirectional converter. The main novelty of this solution are the integration of artificial neural network (ANN) for the estimation of the battery state of charge (SOC) and for the control of bidirectional converter. The simulation results obtained in the MATLAB/Simulink environment explain the performance and the robust of the proposed control technique.
An Higher Case Operation and Analysis of a Multiple Renewable Resources Conne...IJERA Editor
In our nation the usage of electricity is increasing day-by-day. According to that conserdations, the generated
power from the non-renewable sources will not satisfy the demands properly. so for these purpose, by using
multiple renewable sources, it will be very useful to some type of dc applications. The power produced from the
individual renewable sources will not be satisfy the demand at all times. So by integration of a multiple
renewable sources such as wind and solar a huge amount of power will be produced. These power will be
coordinated to the ac grid or directly to dc consumers. For integration of renewable sources an aggregated model
has to be proposed. In according to these operation BESS (battery energy storage system)is equipped with the
system for maintaining the power balance. For obtaining the power balance the adaptive droop control technique
has to be proposed and droop curves are evaluated. The droop characteristics are selected on the basis of the
deviation between the optimized and real-time SOC of the BESS. In these paper, the operational analysis can be
performed when real time soc is higher than the optimised soc and droop curves are plotted.
COORDINATED CONTROL AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION INVERTERS...ijiert bestjournal
In modern world,our entire life moves around Computers. Most of our tasks are dependent on the Computers,like Communication,Ticket Reservations,Researches,Printing,and Education etc. When we communicate with each other by using Computers through E Mails,a number of Computers are used for this purpose and the collection of these computers forms a network,which is called a Computer Network. As more and more peoples are going to be connected through the general network (INTERNET),the problem of security arises. Now a day,a number of security issues occur in networks which include Sniffing,Spoofing,Security Attacks,Malwares,Unauthorized Access,etc. This will create havoc for the users,who wants to communicate with each other through these networks. So,to make the communication between two users via the Computer Networks,we have to follow some security measures,which include using the Firewalls,Anti Malicious Software,Intrusion Detection Systems,Cryptography Techniques,et c. This paper is basically focused on how the communication between two users has been performed by using Computer Networks and how to make such a communication
This article presents the system design and prediction performance of a 1kW capacity grid-tied photovoltaic inverter applicable for low or medium-voltage electrical distri-bution networks. System parameters, for instance, the longitude and latitude of the solar plant location, panel orientation, tilt and azimuth angle calculation, feasibility testing, optimal sizing of installment are analyzed in the model and the utility is sim-ulated precisely to construct an efficient solar power plant for residential applications. In this paper, meteorological data are computed to discuss the impact of environmen-tal variables. As regards ensuring reliability and sustenance, a simulation model of the system of interest is tested in the PVsyst software package. Simulation results yield that the optimum energy injected to the national grid from the solar plant, specific pro-duction, and performance ratio are 1676kWh/year, 1552kWh/kWp/year, and 79.29% respectively. Moreover, the predicted carbon footprint reduction is 23.467 tons during the 30 years lifetime of the system. Therefore, the performance assessments affirm the effectiveness of the proposed research.
GA Based Controller for Autonomous Wind-DG Micro gridIOSRJEEE
A single renewable source of energy when integrated with other sources of energy it is termed as hybrid system. In this paper an active power control strategy has been developed such that when the wind alone is not able to meet the energy demand, without compromising the frequency a transition occurs to wind diesel mode so that the energy demand is met. This work proposes the coordination of WDG(Wind DG), VSC’s are used for two purposes one is frequency control and another is voltage control. PMBLDC generator is used as a wind power generator and the Incremental conductance method is used as MPPT along with boost converter. This output is stored into battery system (BS) and surplus is supplied to the consumer loads. Back propagation feed forward (BPFF) control scheme is used for VF control of VSC. This controller provides harmonics elimination, load leveling and reactive power compensation and also regulates the voltage at PCC. Genetic algorithm is used for the purpose of tuning PI controller of BPFF. The performance and the analysis is done in a user friendly MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Performance analysis of grid-tied photovoltaic system under varying weather c...IJECEIAES
Model and simulation of the impact of the distribution grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system feeding a variable load with its control system have been investigated in this study. Incremental Conductance (IncCond) algorithm based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) was implemented for the PV system to extract maximum power under different weather conditions when solar irradiation varies between 250 W/m 2 and 1000 W/m 2 . The proposed system is modelled and simulated with MATLAB/Simulink tools. Under different weather conditions, the dynamic performance of the PV system is evaluated. The results obtained show the efficacy of the proposed MPPT method in response to rapid daytime weather variations. The results also show that the surplus power generated is injected into the grid when the injected power from the PV system is higher than the load demand; otherwise, the grid supplies the load.
Optimized Power Flows in Microgrid with and without Distributed Energy Storag...Power System Operation
This study presents a combined algebraic and power flow model of a microgrid. The aim of this study is to introduce a strong tool which is capable to compare physical parameters of a microgrid which are hardly possible to calculate only by common algebraic optimization methods. Especially interesting is comparison between microgrids without energy storage, with a single bigger battery plant and with distributed batteries. This study focuses mainly on high voltage (HV) part of a transformer, inductive power and power losses in microgrids. Modelled microgrid consists of five robust nodes (which can represent living quarters with renewable energy production and energy storage) connected into a single transformer node, which later leads to the transmission system.
Simulation of generalized hybrid model for solar and wind power generationIJERA Editor
Due to urbanization, globalization and industrialization the demand for energy is rapidly increasing allows the world and India is not an exception. Out of all energies electrical energy is playing a major role in developed as well as developing countries. The energy is mostly produced by fossil fuels which are developing day his is to by day .they also produce lot of pollutants which totally damage the environment the alternative to this is to encourage renewable energy source. Now days the energy production at domestic level is becoming popular with the help of solar and wind energies . These technologies are widely used now days in the present paper an attempt has been made to simulate a generalized hybrid model including solar and wind.
Isolated Wind Hydro Hybrid Generation System with Battery StorageIJMER
In this paper, a new isolated wind- hydro hybrid generation system comprising one squirrel -cage induction generator (SCIG) driven by a variable-speed wind turbine and another synchronous generator driven by constant power hydro turbine feeding three phase four wire local loads is proposed. The system utilizes two back to back connected voltage-source converters (VSCs) with a battery energy storage system at their dc link. The main objective of the control algorithm for the VSC is to achieve control of the magnitude and the frequency of the load voltage. The proposed wind-hydro hybrid system has a capability of bidirectional active- and reactive-power flow, by which it controls the magnitude and the frequency of the load voltage. The proposed electromechanical system is modelled and simulated in MATLAB using Simulink.
Hybrid Generation Power System for Domestic ApplicationsIJAPEJOURNAL
This work presents the plan and model of the control strategy for the interconnection of the hybrid energy system able to regulating this load’s voltage and controlling the energy generation with the energy options. The control strategy contains controlling the energy generated through each energy source, in a hierarchical mode using sliding/dropping mode control, while consuming consideration elements that have an impact on each electrical power source and transform the energy generated in order to suitable circumstances for lower power and domestic programs. The cross alternative energy system consists of photovoltaic cellular material, fuel cellular material and battery packs. A numerical equation in order to estimate the perfect voltage involving photovoltaic systems for virtually every solar irradiance and temperature circumstances is suggested. Simulations of a single or a lot more systems interconnected towards the load with the entire proposed control scheme, under different ecological and weight conditions, usually are introduced to indicate this efficiency with the procedure.
Design and simulation of stand alone integrated renewable energy system for r...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Present day guided weapon systems, especially tactical class missiles use RF seeker, for target tracking towards terminal engagement. The seeker system including its antenna assembly will be onboard the missile. Due to the missile trajectory corrections, the seeker antenna pointing to the target may get disturbed resulting in track loss. To avoid this track loss, it becomes necessary to stabilize the antenna system in two planes. The fundamental role of stabilization loop in seeker application is to precisely follow the angular rate of the target. In order to achieve this requirement, it is essential to highly isolate the gimbaled antenna from the missile body motion due to the maneuvering of target or low frequency vibration during flight. However, the isolation ratio and stability margin of stabilization loop adopting the gimbaled platform with both low stiffness and heavy inertia are limited by mechanical characteristic such as low resonance frequency and its high magnitude. The selection of proper feedback sensors, modeling of the total system are key features of this project. In the end, the performance and the stability of designed stabilization loop are demonstrated using simulation in both frequency and time domain. The Hardware for the system is under realization by the Industry. The whole scheme is simulated in MATLAB off-line for this project.
Keywords: Missile, RF seeker, Track loss, Stabilization loop, Angular Rate Command, Bore-Sight Error, Maneuvering and Gimbaled Platform.
Fuzzy logic control of hybrid systems including renewable energy in microgrids IJECEIAES
With a growing demand for more energy from subscribers, a traditional electric grid is unable to meet new challenges, in the remote areas remains the extension of the conventional electric network very hard to do make prohibitively expensive. Therefore, a new advanced generation of traditional electrical is inevitable and indispensable to move toward an effective, economical, green, clean and self-correcting power system. The most well-known term used to define this next generation power system is micro grid (MG) based on renewable energy sources (RES). Since, the energy produced by RES are not constant at all times, a wide range of energy control techniques must be involved to provide a reliable power to consumers. To solve this problem in this paper we present a fuzzy logic control of isolated hybrid systems (HRES) including renewable energy in micro-grids to maintain a stability in voltage and frequency output especially in the standalone application. The considered HRES combine a wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) panels as primary energy sources and an energy storage system (ESS) based on battery as a backup solution. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink environment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in decreasing the electricity bill of customer.
Intelligent control of battery energy storage for microgrid energy management...IJECEIAES
In this paper, an intelligent control strategy for a microgrid system consisting of Photovoltaic panels, grid-connected, and li-ion battery energy storage systems proposed. The energy management based on the managing of battery charging and discharging by integration of a smart controller for DC/DC bidirectional converter. The main novelty of this solution are the integration of artificial neural network (ANN) for the estimation of the battery state of charge (SOC) and for the control of bidirectional converter. The simulation results obtained in the MATLAB/Simulink environment explain the performance and the robust of the proposed control technique.
Modeling and Steady State Response Analysis of Interconnected Hybrid Renewable Energy Network with Embedded VSC - MTDC Transmission System for Secure and Efficient Power Delivery
Solar Photovoltaic Generators with MPPT and Battery Storage in MicrogridsIAES-IJPEDS
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a photo voltaic system with
different temperature and insolation conditions used for Micro grids can be
explained in this paper. The different steps of the design of this controller are
presented together with its simulation and the feasibility of control methods
to be adopted for the operation of a micro grid when it becomes isolated.
Normally, the micro grid operates in interconnected mode with the medium
voltage network; however, scheduled or forced isolation can take place.
In such conditions, the micro grid must have the ability to operate stably
and autonomously. An evaluation of the need of storage devices and load to
take off strategies is included in this paper. Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy
has witnessed double-digit growth in the past decade. The penetration of PV
systems as distributed generators in low-voltage grids has also seen
significant attention. In addition, the need for higher overall grid efficiency
and reliability has boosted the interest in the microgrid concept.
High-efficiency PV-based microgrids require maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controllers to maximize the harvested energy due to the nonlinearity
in PV module characteristics. This paper proposes an approach
of coordinated and integrated control of solar PV generators with the
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control and battery storage control
to provide voltage and frequency (V-f) support to an islanded microgrid.
The simulation studies are carried out with the IEEE 13-bus feeder test
system in grid connected and islanded microgrid modes. The MPPT
of a Photovoltaic System for Micro Grid operation is successfully designed
and simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink Software in this paper.
Research on Micro-grid Stability Based on Data Center and Battery ArrayIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:At present, the number of distributed energy in the micro-grid shows a gradually increasing trend. In order to absorb and use distributed energy greatly, and to achieve stable control of the micro-grid, this paper adjusts the load power and distributed energy to match the demand response, and then make the micro-grid stable. Through the adjustable load to reduce the peak and fill the valley in themicro-grid, and use the energy storage device to achieve the excess output and load demand. By using the data center and the battery array to control the micro-grid, the data center load is adjustable and the battery array is to absorb the energy release. The intermittent fluctuations of the distributed energy in the micro-grid has been suppressed, and this two devices achieve stable control of the micro-grid in two different ways.
A survey on power management strategies of hybrid energy systems in microgrid IJECEIAES
The power generation through renewable energy resources is increasing vastly, Solar energy and Wind Energy are the most abundantly available renewable energy resources. The growth of small scale distributed grid networks increasing rapidly in the modern power systems and Distributed Generation (DG) plays a predominant role. Microgrid is one among the emerging techniques in power systems. Power Management is mainly required to have control over the real and reactive power of individual DG and for smooth operation, maintaining stability and reliability. This paper presents a survey of the research works already reported focusing on power management of hybrid energy systems such as mainly solar and wind systems in microgrid. Six different approaches have been studied in detail for AC, DC and hybrid AC/DC microgrid.
PSS/E based placement wind/PV hybrid system to improve stability of Iraqi grid IJECEIAES
Proper employment of Hybrid Wind/ PV system is often implemented near the load, and it is linked with the grid to study dynamic stability analysis. Generally, instability is because of sudden load demand variant and variant in renewable sources generation. As well as, weather variation creates several factors that affect the operation of the integrated hybrid system. So this paper introduces output result of a PV /wind via power electronic technique; DC chopper; that is linked to Iraqi power system to promote the facilitating achievement of Wind/ PV voltage. Moreover, PSS/E is used to study dynamic power stability for hybrid system which is attached to an effective region of Iraqi Network. The hybrid system is connected to Amara Old bus and fault bus is achieved to that bus and the stability results reflects that settling time after disturbance is not satisfactory. But, it is found that PV/wind generation system influences Iraqi grid stability to be better than that with only PV generation and the latter is better than stability of the grid that is enhanced with only wind generation. These results represent an important guideline for Iraqi power system planner.
Intelligent Control of Wind/Photovoltaic Microgrid Information FusionTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A full-function Micro-grid must have an advanced energy storage device. Intelligent control with
multi-information fusion was proposed either in energy storage or in grid connection control on this paper.
Control targets were acquired by mixed application of various strategies, including Micro-grid peak load
shifting be used to reduce State Utility Grid (SUG) supply pressure, SUG connection be controlled flexibly
to maintain Micro-grid load working reliably, Micro-grid power production and load supply demands of SUG
and Micro-grid be predicted to plan battery energy storage in advance, actual monitoring date be used to
control overcharge and over-discharge, State of Charge (SOC) be managed to realize battery efficient
storage and full life cycle as far as possible. All designs were integrated with forecasting and monitoring
data from different measuring points, such as Micro-grid supply side and demand side, the SOC of storage
system, the active and reactive power from SUG side, so as to control the battery charge and discharge
behavior and SUG connection operation dynamically. Micro-grid could not only operate stand-alone by
self-supply in most cases, in the case of power production surplus or equipment malfunction, the Microgrid
could also delivery energy to SUG or take power from the SUG flexibly. The scheme used fully of new
energy, could ensure region power supply reliably and be used widely in application
Control of Hybrid AC DC Micro Grid Involving Energy Storage, Renewable Energy...ijtsrd
Electricity, a remarkable scientific gift to humanity, has fuelled a civilization where it is utilized for myriad purposes. Nevertheless, a paradigm shift is underway in recent times, transitioning from small generating units to large generating plants connected to distribution systems in the form of renewable energy powered micro grids. Reactive power in networks has different alignment and efficiency based on the power factor and setup stage. These rows can be classified as passive networks of independent variables based on the sequence inductance and shunting power of the rows. The reactive power flow does, however, have a number of drawbacks. By raising the attracted line at the same charge rate, it effectively lowers the attracted lines efficiency, service, and costs. This also decreases the proportion of energy stabilization. This article presents the modeling of hybrid micro grids for power system configuration performed in the MATLAB SIMULINK environment. The present work mainly covers the network operation mode of hybrid network. Models have been developed for all converters to maintain a stable system under various load and source conditions, and the control mechanism has also been studied. Dr. Shailendra Verma | Abhishek Janghel | Ashish Dewangan | Prashant Bawane "Control of Hybrid AC/DC Micro Grid Involving Energy Storage, Renewable Energy and Pulsed Loads" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55153.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/55153/control-of-hybrid-acdc-micro-grid-involving-energy-storage-renewable-energy-and-pulsed-loads/dr-shailendra-verma
Solar Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Gridijtsrd
Wind and solar energy are becoming popular owing to the abundance, availability and ease of harnessing the energy for electrical power generation. This paper focuses on an integrated hybrid renewable energy system consisting of wind and solar energies. Grid tied power generation systems make use of solar PV or wind turbines to produce electricity and supply the load by connecting to the grid. In this study, the HOMER Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable MATLAB modeling has been used to model the power system, its physical behavior and its life cycle cost. Through the use of simulations, the installation of ten 2 MW wind turbines and 2.5 MW solar PV was evaluated. Shahid Ahmad Malik | Muhammad Shahid "Solar-Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Grid" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38452.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38452/solarwind-hybrid-generation-system-integration-with-grid/shahid-ahmad-malik
Modelling and simulation for energy management of a hybrid microgrid with dro...IJECEIAES
The most efficient and connected alternative for increasing the use of local renewable energy sources is a hybrid microgrid, these systems face additional challenges due to the integration of power electronics, energy storage technologies and traditional power plants. The hybrid alternating currentdirect current (AC-DC) microgrid that is the subject of this research uses a primary-droop control system to regulate state variables and auxiliary services, thus, it is composed of batteries, solar panels and a miniature wind turbine (PDC) and controls how each energy source in a microgrid contributes to the final product. To achieve the given objectives, this paper will create appropriate models for each part of the microgrid design and define, among them, the energy storage batteries and power electronic converters required for each level of each of these systems. Finally, the dynamic nature of the system will be critically evaluated and characterized, to distribute the load and reduce imbalances, modify the primary drop of the resulting microgrid using MATLAB simulation.
Similar to Testing of a Solar-PV/Wind operated AC-DC Microgrid with LabVIEW Controller (20)
The aim of this research is the speed tracking of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using an intelligent Neural-Network based adapative backstepping control. First, the model of PMSM in the Park synchronous frame is derived. Then, the PMSM speed regulation is investigated using the classical method utilizing the field oriented control theory. Thereafter, a robust nonlinear controller employing an adaptive backstepping strategy is investigated in order to achieve a good performance tracking objective under motor parameters changing and external load torque application. In the final step, a neural network estimator is integrated with the adaptive controller to estimate the motor parameters values and the load disturbance value for enhancing the effectiveness of the adaptive backstepping controller. The robsutness of the presented control algorithm is demonstrated using simulation tests. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that the presented NN-adaptive control algorithm can provide good trackingperformances for the speed trackingin the presence of motor parameter variation and load application.
This paper presents a fast and accurate fault detection, classification and direction discrimination algorithm of transmission lines using one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs) that have ingrained adaptive model to avoid the feature extraction difficulties and fault classification into one learning algorithm. A proposed algorithm is directly usable with raw data and this deletes the need of a discrete feature extraction method resulting in more effective protective system. The proposed approach based on the three-phase voltages and currents signals of one end at the relay location in the transmission line system are taken as input to the proposed 1D-CNN algorithm. A 132kV power transmission line is simulated by Matlab simulink to prepare the training and testing data for the proposed 1D- CNN algorithm. The testing accuracy of the proposed algorithm is compared with other two conventional methods which are neural network and fuzzy neural network. The results of test explain that the new proposed detection system is efficient and fast for classifying and direction discrimination of fault in transmission line with high accuracy as compared with other conventional methods under various conditions of faults.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized for rotating machinery faults detection and classification. First, experiments were performed to measure the lateral vibration signals of laboratory test rigs for rotor-disk-blade when the blades are defective. A rotor-disk-blade system with 6 regular blades and 5 blades with various defects was constructed. Second, the ANN was applied to classify the different x- and y-axis lateral vibrations due to different blade faults. The results based on training and testing with different data samples of the fault types indicate that the ANN is robust and can effectively identify and distinguish different blade faults caused by lateral vibrations in a rotor. As compared to the literature, the present paper presents a novel work of identifying and classifying various rotating blade faults commonly encountered in rotating machines using ANN. Experimental data of lateral vibrations of the rotor-disk-blade system in both x- and y-directions are used for the training and testing of the network.
This paper focuses on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. is proposed to find the optimal power flow (OPF). To solve this problem, we will apply the ABC algorithm to a power system incorporating wind power. The proposed approach is applied on a standard IEEE-30 system with wind farms located on different buses and with different penetration levels to show the impact of wind farms on the system in order to obtain the optimal settings of control variables of the OPF problem. Based on technical results obtained, the ABC algorithm is shown to achieve a lower cost and losses than the other methods applied, while incorporating wind power into the system, high performance would be gained.
The significance of the solar energy is to intensify the effectiveness of the Solar Panel with the use of a primordial solar tracking system. Here we propounded a solar positioning system with the use of the global positioning system (GPS) , artificial neural network (ANN) and image processing (IP) . The azimuth angle of the sun is evaluated using GPS which provide latitude, date, longitude and time. The image processing used to find sun image through which centroid of sun is calculated and finally by comparing the centroid of sun with GPS quadrate to achieve optimum tracking point. Weather conditions and situation observed through AI decision making with the help of IP algorithms. The presented advance adaptation is analyzed and established via experimental effects which might be made available on the memory of the cloud carrier for systematization. The proposed system improve power gain by 59.21% and 10.32% compare to stable system (SS) and two-axis solar following system (TASF) respectively. The reduced tracking error of IoT based Two-axis solar following system (IoT-TASF) reduces their azimuth angle error by 0.20 degree.
Kosovo has limited renewable energy resources and its power generation sector is based on fossil fuels. Such a situation emphasizes the importance of active research and efficient use of renewable energy potential. According to the analysis of meteorological data for Kosovo, it can be concluded that among the most attractive potential wind power sites are the locations known as Kitka (42° 29' 41" N and 21° 36' 45" E) and Koznica (42° 39′ 32″ N, 21° 22′30″E). The two terrains in which the analysis was carried out are mountain areas, with altitudes of 1142 m (Kitka) and 1230 m (Koznica). the same measuring height, about 84 m above the ground, is obtained for these average wind speeds: Kitka 6,667 m/s and Koznica 6,16 m/s. Since the difference in wind speed is quite large versus a difference in altitude that is not being very large, analyses are made regarding the terrain characteristics including the terrain relief features. In this paper it will be studied how much the roughness of the terrain influences the output energy. Also, that the assumption to be taken the same as to how much they will affect the annual energy produced.
Large-scale grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) station are increasing rapidly. However, this large penetration of PV system creates frequency fluctuation in the grid due to the intermittency of solar irradiance. Therefore, in this paper, a robust droop control mechanism of the battery energy storage system (BESS) is developed in order to damp the frequency fluctuation of the multi-machine grid system due to variable active power injected from the PV panel. The proposed droop control strategy incorporates frequency error signal and dead-band for effective minimization of frequency fluctuation. The BESS system is used to consume/inject an effective amount of active power based upon the frequency oscillation of the grid system. The simulation analysis is carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC software to prove the effectiveness of the proposed droop control-based BESS system. The simulation result implies that the proposed scheme can efficiently curtail the frequency oscillation.
This study investigates experimentally the performance of two-dimensional solar tracking systems with reflector using commercial silicon based photovoltaic module, with open and closed loop control systems. Different reflector materials were also investigated. The experiments were performed at the Hashemite University campus in Zarqa at a latitude of 32⁰, in February and March. Photovoltaic output power and performance were analyzed. It was found that the modified photovoltaic module with mirror reflector generated the highest value of power, while the temperature reached a maximum value of 53 ̊ C. The modified module suggested in this study produced 5% more PV power than the two-dimensional solar tracking systems without reflector and produced 12.5% more PV power than the fixed PV module with 26⁰ tilt angle.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
This paper deals with an advanced design for a pump powered by solar energyto supply agricultural lands with water and also the maximum power point is used to extract the maximum value of the energy available inside the solar panels and comparing between techniques MPPT such as Incremental conductance, perturb & observe, fractional short current circuit, and fractional open voltage circuit to find the best technique among these. The solar system is designed with main parts: photovoltaic (PV) panel, direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter, inverter, filter, and in addition, the battery is used to save energy in the event that there is an increased demand for energy and not to provide solar radiation, as well as saving energy in the case of generation more than demand. This work was done using the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulink program.
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of renewable energy resources in Bangladesh, as well as to examine various forms of renewable energies in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of how to address Bangladesh's power crisis issues in a sustainable manner. Electricity is currently the most useful kind of energy in Bangladesh. It has a substantial influence on a country's socioeconomic standing and living standards. Maintaining a stable source of energy at a cost that is affordable to everyone has been a constant battle for decades. Bangladesh is blessed with a wealth of natural resources. Bangladesh has a huge opportunity to accelerate its economic development while increasing energy access, livelihoods, and health for millions of people in a sustainable way due to the renewable energy system.
When the irradiance distribution over the photovoltaic panels is uniform, the pursuit of the maximum power point is not reached, which has allowed several researchers to use traditional MPPT techniques to solve this problem Among these techniques a PSO algorithm is used to have the maximum global power point (GMPPT) under partial shading. On the other hand, this one is not reliable vis-à-vis the pursuit of the MPPT. Therefore, in this paper we have treated another technique based on a new modified PSO algorithm so that the power can reach its maximum point. The PSO algorithm is based on the heuristic method which guarantees not only the obtaining of MPPT but also the simplicity of control and less expensive of the system. The results are obtained using MATLAB show that the proposed modified PSO algorithm performs better than conventional PSO and is robust to different partial shading models.
A stable operation of wind turbines connected to the grid is an essential requirement to ensure the reliability and stability of the power system. To achieve such operational objective, installing static synchronous compensator static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) as a main compensation device guarantees the voltage stability enhancement of the wind farm connected to distribution network at different operating scenarios. STATCOM either supplies or absorbs reactive power in order to ensure the voltage profile within the standard-margins and to avoid turbine tripping, accordingly. This paper present new study that investigates the most suitable-location to install STATCOM in a distribution system connected wind farm to maintain the voltage-levels within the stability margins. For a large-scale squirrel cage induction generator squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG-based) wind turbine system, the impact of STATCOM installation was tested in different places and voltage-levels in the distribution system. The proposed method effectiveness in enhancing the voltage profile and balancing the reactive power is validated, the results were repeated for different scenarios of expected contingencies. The voltage profile, power flow, and reactive power balance of the distribution system are observed using MATLAB/Simulink software.
The electrical and environmental parameters of polymer solar cells (PSC) provide important information on their performance. In the present article we study the influence of temperature on the voltage-current (I-V) characteristic at different temperatures from 10 °C to 90 °C, and important parameters like bandgap energy Eg, and the energy conversion efficiency η. The one-diode electrical model, normally used for semiconductor cells, has been tested and validated for the polemeral junction. The PSC used in our study are formed by the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Our technique is based on the combination of two steps; the first use the Least Mean Squares (LMS) method while the second use the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The found results are compared to other recently published works, they show that the developed approach is very accurate. This precision is proved by the minimal values of statistical errors (RMSE) and the good agreement between both the experimental data and the I-V simulated curves. The obtained results show a clear and a monotonic dependence of the cell efficiency on the studied parameters.
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
The electrical distribution network is undergoing tremendous modifications with the introduction of distributed generation technologies which have led to an increase in fault current levels in the distribution network. Fault current limiters have been developed as a promising technology to limit fault current levels in power systems. Though, quite a number of fault current limiters have been developed; the most common are the superconducting fault current limiters, solid-state fault current limiters, and saturated core fault current limiters. These fault current limiters present potential fault current limiting solutions in power systems. Nevertheless, they encounter various challenges hindering their deployment and commercialization. This research aimed at designing a bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter with a novel topology for distribution network applications. The proposed bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter was designed and simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed design in fault current limiting, voltage sag compensation during fault conditions, and its ability not to affect the load voltage and current during normal conditions as well as in suppressing the source powers during fault conditions. Simulation results also showed very minimal power loss by the fault current limiter during normal conditions.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
Direct current (DC) electronic load is a useful equipment for testing the electrical system. It can emulate various load at a high rating. The electronic load requires a power converter to operate and a linear regulator is a common option. Nonetheless, it is hard to control due to the temperature variation. This paper proposed a DC electronic load using the boost converter. The proposed electronic load operates in the continuous current mode and control using the integral controller. The electronic load using the boost converter is compared with the electronic load using the linear regulator. The results show that the boost converter able to operate as an electronic load with an error lower than 0.5% and response time lower than 13 ms.
More from International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (20)
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
2. Int J Power Electron & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694
Testing of a Solar-PV/Wind Operated AC-DC Microgrid with LabVIEW Controller (Vinu Thomas)
407
2. LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE CONTROLLERS DEVELOPED FOR HES
A techno-economic evaluation of HES for rural applications has been conducted in [5]. A real-time
energy management for a single microgrid system that constitutes a renewable generation system, an energy
storage system, and an aggregated load is presented in [6]. A novel double-layer co-ordinated control
approach for microgrid energy management is proposed in [7]. Baboli et al. proposes an up-down operational
model of a hybrid microgrid which consists of system and device level. In the system level, a mixed integer
linear model is suggested to balance the generation and load considering the interconnection of AC and DC
subgrids for minimizing total operating cost of the system in a 24-hour period [8]. A control strategy for the
effective microgrid power management under grid connected and islanded modes was proposed in [9]. AC-
DC microgrid structure to integrate different voltage-current characteristic renewable sources, storage units,
local loads, and utility grids was reported.
Application of a genetic-evolved fuzzy system for maintenance scheduling of generating units is
presented in[10]. The presented approach has been tested on a practical Taiwan Power system through the
utility data. An intelligent power management scheme has been proposed in [11] based on multi-agent
systems for a stand-alone hybrid energy system. Control of SPV/diesel HES is proposed in [12] for a small
ship in consideration of the fluctuating SPV power due to solar radiation. The aim of the control is to
minimize the fuel consumption and storage capacity of the battery. A new control method for battery storage
to maintain an acceptable voltage profile in autonomous microgrids was proposed in [13],which ensures that
the bus voltages in the microgrid are maintained during disturbances such as load change, loss of micro-
sources, or distributed generations hitting the power limit. Output power control of a solar/wind stand-alone
system is discussed in [14]. The control system regulates the generation of wind subsystem in order to satisfy
jointly with SPV, a load and a battery.
A simple, low power control circuit intended to manage the power within a remote autonomous
microsystem hybrid power supply is presented in [15]. Control strategies for adopting distributed generation
units to autonomous microgrid was proposed in[16]. In addition to the control of active power flow, voltage
regulation and frequency control to the autonomous microgrid is also done by the proposed distributed
generation interface. A comprehensive supervisory control for a hybrid system that comprises of wind and
SPV generation, a battery bank and AC load is developed by Fernando et al.[17]. The objectives of the
supervisory control are to satisfy the load power demand, to maintain the state of charge of the battery to
prevent blackout and to lengthen the life of batteries. The problem of economic and stable power sharing in
an autonomous microgrid including a variety of distributed energy resources and wind turbine generator
distributed energy management system to control the energy flow in the HES is proposed by Thanaa et
al.[18]. This distributed controller is based on multi-agent system technology.
A novel fuel cell/ultracapacitor/battery power train with a fuzzy logic based energy management
strategy is presented by Farid et. al.[19]. Design and implementation of an energy management system with
fuzzy control of a DC microgrid system are carried out by Chen et al.[20]. A generalized formulation for
intelligent energy management of a microgrid is proposed using artificial intelligence techniques jointly with
linear programming based multi-objective optimization by Chaouachi et al.[21] A dual-loop controller for
voltage source inverter control is proposed by Khaled et al. for reliable operation of distributed energy
resources in smart microgrids [22].
3. SPV/WIND/BATTERY HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM
An SPV/Wind/Battery HES integrated with AC-DC microgrid, which is operated in grid connected
and autonomous mode, is considered in this work. SPV and wind generator are integrated into the DC grid
using a Dual Input DC/DC converter (DIDC)[23]. The battery storage system is used as a backup in the HES
to supply power to the primary load and it is connected to DC microgrid using a bidirectional DC/DC
converter. Both DC grid and AC grids are integrated through a bidirectional DC/AC converter. In this
microgrid structure, a load management system based on priority is considered such as the primaryload (Load
1), secondary load (Load 2), tertiary load (Load 3) and dump loads for dissipating the excess energy
generated in renewable energy sources. Among these priority-based loads, primary load has first priority to
provide electricity. Secondary and tertiary loads are the loads that may be turned on within some time period.
4. LABVIEW BASED CONTROLLER FOR HES OPERATED AC-DC MICROGRID
A controller for the hybrid renewable energy system operated AC-DC microgrid is developed with
the major objectives of: i) predicting the power generation potential of the solar–PV and wind generators, ii)
effective power management, iii) load scheduling iv) grid connected/islanding mode of operation. Figure 1
shows the block diagram of the proposed control hardware developed for the microgrid. Solar radiation, SPV
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cell temperature, wind speed, voltage and current waveforms of different loads and state of charge of battery
are accessed through Analog to Digital (A/D) converters from the respective sensors. The power generation
potential of SPV and wind generators is predicted using a trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Power
management strategy for the HES, which has been reported in [24], schedules various loads according to
different modes of the microgrid. Output derived from the controller is given to the corresponding units of
the HES operated microgrid through Digital to Analog (D/A) converters and signal conditioning circuits.
However, the dual input DC/DC converter with a fuzzy logic scheme, shown in Figure 1 is not discussed in
this paper. Implementation of the LabVIEW based control hardware for the DC-AC microgrid is the main
focus
of this paper.
Figure 1. Block Diagram of Proposed Control Hardware for Microgrid
4.1. Data Acquisition for Source Potential, Battery, Loads and Grid using LabVIEW
Data Acquisition (DAQ) of SPV and the wind source potential, status of battery, loads and the grid
is developed in LabVIEW platform. DAQ assistance block in LabVIEW is programmed to access the given
input analog signals of solar radiation, SPV cell temperature, wind speed, voltage and current waveforms of
different loads and utility grid, and the state of charge of battery. An input limit of A/D converters of the
measurement unit is specified as 5V for maximum and 0V for minimum to measure the signals such as solar
radiation, cell temperature, wind speed etc. Current transformers with the conversion ratio of five and
potential transformers with the conversion ratio of hundred are used to access the load demands. Overall
control scheme of the proposed controller shown in Figure 1 is developed in LabVIEW platform and the
developed front panel of the controller in LabVIEW platform is shown in Figure 2.
5. FABRICATION AND TESTING OF THE LABORATORY-SCALE MODEL OF THE HES
OPERATED MICROGRID
Laboratory-scale model of the HES operated microgrid structure developed at National Institute of
Technology Calicut (NITC) is shown in Figure 3. HES operated microgrid structure consists of a 220V,
3.5kW SPV and 220V, 5kW DC wind generator along with the battery storage which contains three stacks
with eighteen batteries of 12V, 42Ah capacity in each stack. Two renewable energy sources are integrated
through the dual input DC-DC converter. Power available in the DC bus is delivered to local load/grid
through an inverter. The voltage and current waveforms observed from the various parts of the microgrid are
shown
in Figure 4.
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Testing of a Solar-PV/Wind Operated AC-DC Microgrid with LabVIEW Controller (Vinu Thomas)
409
Testing of the controller in LabVIEW platform has been conducted for real-time load and source,
and the test results are given in Table 1. Voltage range of 0-5 V is considered with respect to the variation of
solar radiation, cell temperature and wind velocity. State of charge of the battery is also given in 0-5 V range
corresponding to the state of charge of 0-100%. Three loads are considered as local loads, which are
connected to the microgrid according to the priority. The load profile, solar radiation, cell temperature, wind
velocity and state of charge of battery considered for the performance evaluation are shown in Figure 5to 7.
Figure 2. Front Panel of the Control Strategy Developed in LabVIEW Platform
LabView based controller
Battery Bank
5 kW wind generator
3.5 kW SPV array
Grid Interface Unit
Dual Input DC-DC converter
Inverter
Figure 3. Laboratory Scale Model of the Microgrid Developed at NITC
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(a) Source 1 - Voltage and Current (b) Source 2 - Voltage and Current
(c) Inductor Voltage and Current (d) DC bus Voltage and Current
(d) Voltage and Current of Battery While Charging (e) Voltage and Current of Battery While Discharging
(f) Voltage at the PCC (g) Current Injected into Grid
Figure 4. Voltage and Current Waveform of the Lab Scale Microgrid
6. Int J Power Electron & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694
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Test results show that the designed controller is effectively managing the power available with the
SPV and wind sources under different scenarios. Loads are scheduled appropriately by the controller with
respect to the status of renewable sources, battery and utility grid. During the islanded mode of operation of
the microgrid, dump load is used effectively by the controller. Modes of operation of the microgrid are
selected with respect to the status of the grid and control signal for the static switch is generated properly as
given in Table 1. Excess energy available in the SPV and wind sources is injected to the utility grid. The
developed microgrid structure with the controller has the flexibility to accommodate any number of sources
and loads according to the requirement.
Figure 5. Load Profiles Considered for The Testing of the Controller
Figure 6. Solar Radiation and Cell Temperature Considered for the Testing of the Controller
Figure 7. Wind velocity and state of charge considered for the testing of the controller
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Load
demand
(kW)
Sample instants
Primary load Secondary load Tertiary load
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Solar
radiation
(kW/m
2
)
Cell
temparature
(˚C)
Sample instants
Temperature Solar radia.
-0,2
0,1
0,4
0,7
1
0
4
8
12
16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
State
of
charge
of
battery
Wind
velocity
(m/s)
Sample instants
wind speed SOC
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Table 1. Performance of the Developed Controller in the Laboratory Environment
6. CONCLUSION
LabVIEW based controller for the hybrid renewable energy system operated AC-DC microgrid is
presented in this paper. A control strategy is developed for the efficient utilization of SPV and wind sources
connected to the microgrid. A feed forward ANN is used to predict the output power of the SPV and wind
generators. Laboratory scale model of the microgrid has been set up. A control strategy for the effective
power management of the HES operated microgrid is implemented in the LabVIEW platform and tested
successfully for the practical load and source data. Test results prove that the SPV and wind sources
integrated in the microgrid along with the battery storage are used effectively by the controller. Developed
controller for microgrid can be applied to meet the large demand of industry/community loads for improving
the reliability and reducing the energy cost of the HES.
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Open Off-peak 2.72 0.42 Charging OFF ON ON OFF ON
Closed Off-peak 2.60 0.05 Floating Drawing ON ON ON OFF
Closed Off-peak 0.24 1.43 Charging Drawing ON ON O N OFF
Closed Off-peak 2.05 2.01 Floating Injecting ON OFF OFF OFF
Closed Off-peak 0.08 1.76 Floating Drawing ON ON ON OFF
Closed Peak 0.77 4.86 Floating Injecting ON ON ON OFF
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