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The document defines an ecosystem as a biological system consisting of a community of living organisms and their physical environment. It provides examples of ecosystems like tundra, desert, grasslands, and forests. Specifically, it describes tundra as the polar biogeographic region with low-growing vegetation beyond wooded areas, and notes animals in the Arctic tundra include caribou, musk oxen, Arctic hares, Arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings, and polar bears near water sources. It also defines producers, consumers, decomposers, populations, communities, and habitats as key components of an ecosystem.










