This document contains solutions to problems from Chapter 17 of Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, Seventh Edition by Yunus A. Cengel and Michael A. Boles. It addresses concepts related to compressible flow, stagnation properties, speed of sound, and Mach number. The document provides step-by-step solutions to sample problems involving the determination of stagnation temperature, pressure, static properties, and power output using the properties of ideal gases like air and combustion products under the assumptions of isentropic processes. It also contains brief definitions and discussions clarifying key concepts from the chapter.
Mechanical engineer's manual(by. engr. yuri g. melliza)Yuri Melliza
1. This document defines common mechanical engineering terms such as mass, velocity, acceleration, force, pressure, and temperature scales. Conversion factors are provided.
2. Properties of fluids such as density, specific volume, specific gravity, and equations of state for gases are defined. Characteristics including viscosity, elasticity, and surface tension are also explained.
3. Ten sample problems are worked through as examples of applying the definitions and concepts to calculations involving forces, densities, pressures, temperatures, and manometers.
The document contains 8 questions about pressure and fluid mechanics concepts involving hydraulic presses, U-tube manometers, tanks, and piping systems. The questions provide diagrams of systems and ask the reader to calculate pressures, loads, depths, or pressure differentials based on given values like areas, forces, densities, and manometer readings. Sample calculations are not shown.
This powerpoint presentation deals mainly about bearing stress, its concept and its applications.
Members:
BARIENTOS, Lei Anne
MARTIREZ, Wilbur
MORIONES, Jan Ebenezer
NERI, Laiza Paulene
Sir Romeo Alastre - MEC32/A1
DESIGN AND MODELLING OF STANDALONE HYBRID POWER SYSTEM WITH MATLAB/SIMULINKMichael George
This paper presents a standalone hybrid power system using wind/PV/diesel/Battery energy system with Matlab/Simulink environment. PV & Wind are the primary power sources of the system and battery is used as a backup for long run application. Here we have also compare the performance of PV/Wind/Battery connected system with PV/Wind/Diesel connected hybrid power system. The most frequently used renewable energy sources are those consisting of PV module and/or wind Turbine with/or Diesel generator, and some energy storage or backup system.
SRF THEORY BASED STATCOM FOR COMPENSATION OF REACTIVE POWER AND HARMONICSIAEME Publication
The power electronic devices like converters and inverters inject harmonic currents into AC
system due to their non linear characteristics. These devices draw high amount of reactive power
from source. The commencement of Nonlinear Load into the ac power system will have the effect of
harmonics. The presence of harmonics in system it will effected with power quality problems. Due
to this high amount of power losses and disoperation of power electronics devices is caused, along
with this Harmonics have a number of undesirable effects like Voltage disturbances. These
harmonics are needed to mitigate for Power Quality Enhancement in distributed system. Here the
device called STATCOM is one of the FACTS Devices which can be used to mitigate the harmonics
and reactive power compensation. The voltage source converter is core of the STATCOM and the
hysteresis current control is indirect method of controlling of VSC. In this paper we implement with
SRF based STATCOM control. SRF theory is implemented for the generation of controlling
reference current signals for controller of STATCOM. The Matlab\Simulink based model is
developed and simulation results are showed for linear and nonlinear load conditions.
1) The document defines various forms of energy including work, heat, internal energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, and enthalpy. It provides equations to calculate changes in these energy forms.
2) Two sample problems are included, one calculating potential energy change and velocity when a hammer is dropped, the other calculating drop height using given kinetic and potential energy changes.
The document reports on a study of the dynamic behavior of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) during three-phase voltage dips. DFIGs are commonly used in large wind turbines. While they provide benefits, they are very sensitive to grid disturbances like voltage dips. The paper develops a theoretical analysis of the machine's behavior during voltage dips to better understand the problem. Experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis, validating the proposed model. The analysis provides insight that can help improve protections and solutions for DFIGs during grid faults.
Mechanical engineer's manual(by. engr. yuri g. melliza)Yuri Melliza
1. This document defines common mechanical engineering terms such as mass, velocity, acceleration, force, pressure, and temperature scales. Conversion factors are provided.
2. Properties of fluids such as density, specific volume, specific gravity, and equations of state for gases are defined. Characteristics including viscosity, elasticity, and surface tension are also explained.
3. Ten sample problems are worked through as examples of applying the definitions and concepts to calculations involving forces, densities, pressures, temperatures, and manometers.
The document contains 8 questions about pressure and fluid mechanics concepts involving hydraulic presses, U-tube manometers, tanks, and piping systems. The questions provide diagrams of systems and ask the reader to calculate pressures, loads, depths, or pressure differentials based on given values like areas, forces, densities, and manometer readings. Sample calculations are not shown.
This powerpoint presentation deals mainly about bearing stress, its concept and its applications.
Members:
BARIENTOS, Lei Anne
MARTIREZ, Wilbur
MORIONES, Jan Ebenezer
NERI, Laiza Paulene
Sir Romeo Alastre - MEC32/A1
DESIGN AND MODELLING OF STANDALONE HYBRID POWER SYSTEM WITH MATLAB/SIMULINKMichael George
This paper presents a standalone hybrid power system using wind/PV/diesel/Battery energy system with Matlab/Simulink environment. PV & Wind are the primary power sources of the system and battery is used as a backup for long run application. Here we have also compare the performance of PV/Wind/Battery connected system with PV/Wind/Diesel connected hybrid power system. The most frequently used renewable energy sources are those consisting of PV module and/or wind Turbine with/or Diesel generator, and some energy storage or backup system.
SRF THEORY BASED STATCOM FOR COMPENSATION OF REACTIVE POWER AND HARMONICSIAEME Publication
The power electronic devices like converters and inverters inject harmonic currents into AC
system due to their non linear characteristics. These devices draw high amount of reactive power
from source. The commencement of Nonlinear Load into the ac power system will have the effect of
harmonics. The presence of harmonics in system it will effected with power quality problems. Due
to this high amount of power losses and disoperation of power electronics devices is caused, along
with this Harmonics have a number of undesirable effects like Voltage disturbances. These
harmonics are needed to mitigate for Power Quality Enhancement in distributed system. Here the
device called STATCOM is one of the FACTS Devices which can be used to mitigate the harmonics
and reactive power compensation. The voltage source converter is core of the STATCOM and the
hysteresis current control is indirect method of controlling of VSC. In this paper we implement with
SRF based STATCOM control. SRF theory is implemented for the generation of controlling
reference current signals for controller of STATCOM. The Matlab\Simulink based model is
developed and simulation results are showed for linear and nonlinear load conditions.
1) The document defines various forms of energy including work, heat, internal energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, and enthalpy. It provides equations to calculate changes in these energy forms.
2) Two sample problems are included, one calculating potential energy change and velocity when a hammer is dropped, the other calculating drop height using given kinetic and potential energy changes.
The document reports on a study of the dynamic behavior of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) during three-phase voltage dips. DFIGs are commonly used in large wind turbines. While they provide benefits, they are very sensitive to grid disturbances like voltage dips. The paper develops a theoretical analysis of the machine's behavior during voltage dips to better understand the problem. Experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis, validating the proposed model. The analysis provides insight that can help improve protections and solutions for DFIGs during grid faults.
1. The document contains homework problems about heat transfer involving concepts like conduction, convection, and radiation. It includes problems calculating heat transfer rates through materials like glass and aluminum plates, as well as determining surface temperatures and heat transfer coefficients.
2. The problems provide information on conditions like material properties, geometries, temperatures, heat fluxes, and heat transfer rates to calculate unknown values using equations of heat transfer.
3. Drawings or diagrams are required to be made for each problem to illustrate the systems, and assumptions must be stated.
Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach 5th Ed. (Solution).pdfMahamad Jawhar
This document provides an introduction to concepts in thermodynamics including classical vs statistical thermodynamics, conservation of energy, units of mass and force, states of systems, intensive vs extensive properties, equilibrium processes, and temperature scales. Key points covered include:
- Classical thermodynamics is based on experimental observations while statistical thermodynamics is based on particle behavior.
- Systems can be open, closed, or isolated depending on whether mass crosses system boundaries.
- Intensive properties do not depend on system size while extensive properties do.
- Equilibrium requires uniform temperature and balanced pressures throughout a system.
- Temperature scales include Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The document describes configuring extended access control lists (ACLs) on a router to filter traffic from two PCs to a server based on specific protocols.
The ACLs are configured to:
1) Permit FTP and ICMP traffic from PC1 to the server
2) Permit HTTP and ICMP traffic from PC2 to the server
The ACLs are applied to the appropriate router interfaces and testing is done to verify the ACLs are working as intended. Ping tests and application tests like FTP and web browsing are used to validate the ACL configurations.
Diseno en ingenieria mecanica de Shigley - 8th ---HDes
descarga el contenido completo de aqui http://paralafakyoumecanismos.blogspot.com.ar/2014/08/libro-para-mecanismos-y-elementos-de.html
The document contains solutions to 325 problems related to torsion and torsional stress. The problems involve determining shear stresses, angles of twist, and diameters of circular or hollow shafts subjected to various torque loads. The solutions show calculations of shear stresses and angles of twist using the appropriate torsion equations and given material properties like shear modulus.
A punching press punches 38mm holes in 32mm thick plates, requiring 7 N-m of energy per square mm of sheared area. It punches one hole every 10 seconds. The mean flywheel speed is 25 m/s.
To calculate the motor power required, the energy per hole is calculated based on the sheared area of the hole. The mass of the flywheel required to limit speed fluctuations to 3% of the mean is then calculated using the energy variation and flywheel properties.
This document provides an overview of Eaton's wiring manual and products, including updates to the new edition. It discusses Eaton's expertise from switching systems to medium voltage products. The document also highlights Eaton's online resources and technical support.
1. The document discusses torsion of circular shafts, including pure torsion, assumptions in the theory of pure torsion, torsion formula, polar modulus, torsional rigidity, power transmitted by shafts, and numerical problems and solutions.
2. Key concepts covered include shear stress distribution in shafts under torsion, relationship between applied torque, shear stress, polar moment of inertia, and angle of twist.
3. Formulas are derived for calculating torque, shear stress, polar modulus, and torsional rigidity of solid and hollow circular shafts.
The document discusses compound stresses, which involve both normal and shear stresses acting on a plane. It provides equations to calculate:
1) Normal and shear stresses on a plane inclined to the given stress plane.
2) The inclination and normal stresses on the planes of maximum and minimum normal stress (principal planes).
3) The inclination and shear stresses on the planes of maximum shear stress.
It includes an example problem calculating the principal stresses and maximum shear stresses given a state of stress. Sign conventions for stresses are also defined.
Module 5 (properties of pure substance)2021 2022Yuri Melliza
This document discusses properties of pure substances and steam. It defines key terms like saturation temperature, saturation pressure, subcooled liquid, compressed liquid, saturated mixture, and superheated vapor. It also describes temperature-specific volume, temperature-entropy, and enthalpy-entropy diagrams. Sample problems are provided to calculate properties like quality, enthalpy, specific volume, power output, and mass flow rate using steam tables and the concepts introduced.
This document gives the class notes of Unit 3 Compound stresses. Subject: Mechanics of materials.
Syllabus contest is as per VTU, Belagavi, India.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
1. The document discusses a presentation on three phase transformers, including their diagram, connections, working procedure, advantages, and limitations.
2. There are four possible connections for a three phase transformer bank: delta-delta, star-star, delta-star, and star-delta. The primary and secondary windings can be connected in either delta or star configurations.
3. In a three phase transformer, three cores are placed 120 degrees apart and each carry individual fluxes from the primary windings under a three phase power supply, with the center leg carrying the sum of all fluxes.
Curvilinear motion occurs when a particle moves along a curved path.
Since this path is often described in three dimensions, vector analysis will
be used to formulate the particle's position, velocity, and acceleration
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
Chapter 7: Shear Stresses in Beams and Related ProblemsMonark Sutariya
This document discusses shear stresses in beams. It defines shear stress and shear flow, and describes how to calculate them using the shear stress formula. It discusses limitations of this formula and how shear stresses behave in beam flanges and at boundaries. The concept of the shear center is introduced as the point where an applied force will not cause twisting. Methods for combining direct and torsional shear stresses are also covered.
The document provides solutions to 22 trigonometry problems involving topics like distance traveled along a circle, distance between initial and final locations along a circle, angles subtended by lines, heights of balloons using trigonometric ratios, angles subtended by flagpoles and pedestals, lengths of poles, velocities of boats factoring currents, distances between circle centers, angles of inclination of hills, distances between ships traveling at different velocities and directions, trigonometric identities, and solving for unknowns in trigonometric equations. The final problem uses the law of cosines to solve for the length of side a of a spherical triangle given two angles and the opposite side.
Work is the amount of force applied over a distance. For work to be done, there must be a force acting on an object in the direction of its motion as it moves a distance. Work is calculated as the product of the parallel force and displacement. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or configuration. Power is the rate at which work is done and is calculated as work divided by time.
This document discusses the boundary work done during various thermodynamic processes involving gases and liquids in closed systems. Several examples are provided to calculate the boundary work done during processes such as compression, expansion, heating and cooling of gases and liquids. The key steps involve using the ideal gas law, gas tables, process lines on P-V and T-s diagrams to determine initial and final states, and then integrating the work equation between these states. EES software is also used in one example to plot the variation of work with pressure for a constant-pressure heating process of R-134a refrigerant.
This document provides an overview of chapter 3 from a textbook on load and stress analysis. The chapter covers topics such as equilibrium and free-body diagrams, shear force and bending moments in beams, stress, Mohr's circle for plane stress, and other structural analysis concepts. It introduces key equations and definitions for analyzing loads and stresses. The summary focuses on the high-level purpose and scope of the chapter content.
1) Sound is a small pressure wave that travels through a medium and requires a medium, unlike light which can travel through a vacuum.
2) The speed of sound in a medium depends on the properties of that medium and changes as those properties change, such as temperature.
3) The speed of sound is highest in gases with a high kR value, such as helium, and increases with increasing temperature in all gases.
This document contains solutions to problems from the 7th edition of the textbook "Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach" by Cengel and Boles. The document provides step-by-step workings and solutions for 13 thermodynamics problems involving concepts like boundary work, ideal gas processes, steam tables, and refrigerant properties. The problems calculate things like initial and final temperatures and volumes, determine polytropic processes, and calculate the boundary work for various thermodynamic processes involving gases and vapors.
1. The document contains homework problems about heat transfer involving concepts like conduction, convection, and radiation. It includes problems calculating heat transfer rates through materials like glass and aluminum plates, as well as determining surface temperatures and heat transfer coefficients.
2. The problems provide information on conditions like material properties, geometries, temperatures, heat fluxes, and heat transfer rates to calculate unknown values using equations of heat transfer.
3. Drawings or diagrams are required to be made for each problem to illustrate the systems, and assumptions must be stated.
Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach 5th Ed. (Solution).pdfMahamad Jawhar
This document provides an introduction to concepts in thermodynamics including classical vs statistical thermodynamics, conservation of energy, units of mass and force, states of systems, intensive vs extensive properties, equilibrium processes, and temperature scales. Key points covered include:
- Classical thermodynamics is based on experimental observations while statistical thermodynamics is based on particle behavior.
- Systems can be open, closed, or isolated depending on whether mass crosses system boundaries.
- Intensive properties do not depend on system size while extensive properties do.
- Equilibrium requires uniform temperature and balanced pressures throughout a system.
- Temperature scales include Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The document describes configuring extended access control lists (ACLs) on a router to filter traffic from two PCs to a server based on specific protocols.
The ACLs are configured to:
1) Permit FTP and ICMP traffic from PC1 to the server
2) Permit HTTP and ICMP traffic from PC2 to the server
The ACLs are applied to the appropriate router interfaces and testing is done to verify the ACLs are working as intended. Ping tests and application tests like FTP and web browsing are used to validate the ACL configurations.
Diseno en ingenieria mecanica de Shigley - 8th ---HDes
descarga el contenido completo de aqui http://paralafakyoumecanismos.blogspot.com.ar/2014/08/libro-para-mecanismos-y-elementos-de.html
The document contains solutions to 325 problems related to torsion and torsional stress. The problems involve determining shear stresses, angles of twist, and diameters of circular or hollow shafts subjected to various torque loads. The solutions show calculations of shear stresses and angles of twist using the appropriate torsion equations and given material properties like shear modulus.
A punching press punches 38mm holes in 32mm thick plates, requiring 7 N-m of energy per square mm of sheared area. It punches one hole every 10 seconds. The mean flywheel speed is 25 m/s.
To calculate the motor power required, the energy per hole is calculated based on the sheared area of the hole. The mass of the flywheel required to limit speed fluctuations to 3% of the mean is then calculated using the energy variation and flywheel properties.
This document provides an overview of Eaton's wiring manual and products, including updates to the new edition. It discusses Eaton's expertise from switching systems to medium voltage products. The document also highlights Eaton's online resources and technical support.
1. The document discusses torsion of circular shafts, including pure torsion, assumptions in the theory of pure torsion, torsion formula, polar modulus, torsional rigidity, power transmitted by shafts, and numerical problems and solutions.
2. Key concepts covered include shear stress distribution in shafts under torsion, relationship between applied torque, shear stress, polar moment of inertia, and angle of twist.
3. Formulas are derived for calculating torque, shear stress, polar modulus, and torsional rigidity of solid and hollow circular shafts.
The document discusses compound stresses, which involve both normal and shear stresses acting on a plane. It provides equations to calculate:
1) Normal and shear stresses on a plane inclined to the given stress plane.
2) The inclination and normal stresses on the planes of maximum and minimum normal stress (principal planes).
3) The inclination and shear stresses on the planes of maximum shear stress.
It includes an example problem calculating the principal stresses and maximum shear stresses given a state of stress. Sign conventions for stresses are also defined.
Module 5 (properties of pure substance)2021 2022Yuri Melliza
This document discusses properties of pure substances and steam. It defines key terms like saturation temperature, saturation pressure, subcooled liquid, compressed liquid, saturated mixture, and superheated vapor. It also describes temperature-specific volume, temperature-entropy, and enthalpy-entropy diagrams. Sample problems are provided to calculate properties like quality, enthalpy, specific volume, power output, and mass flow rate using steam tables and the concepts introduced.
This document gives the class notes of Unit 3 Compound stresses. Subject: Mechanics of materials.
Syllabus contest is as per VTU, Belagavi, India.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
1. The document discusses a presentation on three phase transformers, including their diagram, connections, working procedure, advantages, and limitations.
2. There are four possible connections for a three phase transformer bank: delta-delta, star-star, delta-star, and star-delta. The primary and secondary windings can be connected in either delta or star configurations.
3. In a three phase transformer, three cores are placed 120 degrees apart and each carry individual fluxes from the primary windings under a three phase power supply, with the center leg carrying the sum of all fluxes.
Curvilinear motion occurs when a particle moves along a curved path.
Since this path is often described in three dimensions, vector analysis will
be used to formulate the particle's position, velocity, and acceleration
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
Chapter 7: Shear Stresses in Beams and Related ProblemsMonark Sutariya
This document discusses shear stresses in beams. It defines shear stress and shear flow, and describes how to calculate them using the shear stress formula. It discusses limitations of this formula and how shear stresses behave in beam flanges and at boundaries. The concept of the shear center is introduced as the point where an applied force will not cause twisting. Methods for combining direct and torsional shear stresses are also covered.
The document provides solutions to 22 trigonometry problems involving topics like distance traveled along a circle, distance between initial and final locations along a circle, angles subtended by lines, heights of balloons using trigonometric ratios, angles subtended by flagpoles and pedestals, lengths of poles, velocities of boats factoring currents, distances between circle centers, angles of inclination of hills, distances between ships traveling at different velocities and directions, trigonometric identities, and solving for unknowns in trigonometric equations. The final problem uses the law of cosines to solve for the length of side a of a spherical triangle given two angles and the opposite side.
Work is the amount of force applied over a distance. For work to be done, there must be a force acting on an object in the direction of its motion as it moves a distance. Work is calculated as the product of the parallel force and displacement. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or configuration. Power is the rate at which work is done and is calculated as work divided by time.
This document discusses the boundary work done during various thermodynamic processes involving gases and liquids in closed systems. Several examples are provided to calculate the boundary work done during processes such as compression, expansion, heating and cooling of gases and liquids. The key steps involve using the ideal gas law, gas tables, process lines on P-V and T-s diagrams to determine initial and final states, and then integrating the work equation between these states. EES software is also used in one example to plot the variation of work with pressure for a constant-pressure heating process of R-134a refrigerant.
This document provides an overview of chapter 3 from a textbook on load and stress analysis. The chapter covers topics such as equilibrium and free-body diagrams, shear force and bending moments in beams, stress, Mohr's circle for plane stress, and other structural analysis concepts. It introduces key equations and definitions for analyzing loads and stresses. The summary focuses on the high-level purpose and scope of the chapter content.
1) Sound is a small pressure wave that travels through a medium and requires a medium, unlike light which can travel through a vacuum.
2) The speed of sound in a medium depends on the properties of that medium and changes as those properties change, such as temperature.
3) The speed of sound is highest in gases with a high kR value, such as helium, and increases with increasing temperature in all gases.
This document contains solutions to problems from the 7th edition of the textbook "Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach" by Cengel and Boles. The document provides step-by-step workings and solutions for 13 thermodynamics problems involving concepts like boundary work, ideal gas processes, steam tables, and refrigerant properties. The problems calculate things like initial and final temperatures and volumes, determine polytropic processes, and calculate the boundary work for various thermodynamic processes involving gases and vapors.
This document contains the solutions to 6 homework problems from a thermodynamics course. Problem 1 calculates how high a person could climb using the energy from 1 liter of milk. Problem 2 calculates the minimum amount of dry ice needed to cause a plastic bottle to explode. Problem 3 determines the altitude change from a decrease in air pressure measured by a hiker. The solutions show calculations using concepts like the ideal gas law, kinetic energy of gases, and relationships between pressure, density and altitude.
The chapter discusses entropy, which is defined based on the Clausius inequality. Entropy is a state function that depends on the initial and final states, not the path between states. It is a measure of disorder or unavailable work in a thermodynamic system. The entropy change of a system is determined by the heat transfer and temperature. Entropy always increases for irreversible processes in an isolated system according to the second law of thermodynamics.
Air refrigeration and refrigerants (B.Tech Course)chandan158
This document provides an overview of a course on refrigeration and air conditioning. It outlines 5 course outcomes related to explaining various refrigeration systems and analyzing air conditioning processes. It also lists topics that will be covered, including refrigeration cycles and applications, refrigerants, psychrometrics, and load calculations. The document describes the necessity of refrigeration and air conditioning in various industrial and commercial applications. It defines key terms like refrigeration, refrigerant, sensible heat, latent heat, and coefficient of performance (COP). It also briefly summarizes open and closed air refrigeration cycles.
This document is the proprietary solutions manual for a heat and mass transfer textbook. It contains sample problems and solutions to accompany the textbook chapters. The document states that the solutions manual can only be distributed to teachers for course preparation and any other use or distribution is prohibited without permission from the publisher.
The document discusses the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) model, which defines standard atmospheric conditions as a function of altitude. Key points:
- The ISA was developed in the 1920s and standardized in 1952 to provide a reference model for aircraft/rocket design and performance.
- It defines how temperature, pressure, and density vary with altitude up to 80,000 ft based on hydrostatic equilibrium equations for a stationary, dry atmosphere.
- Temperature decreases at a constant rate from sea level to the tropopause at -6.5°C/1000m and remains constant above. Pressure and density decrease exponentially with altitude based on the gas laws.
- The ISA provides a baseline for comparing
The equivalent wind chill temperatures in °F are plotted as a function of wind velocity in the range of 4-100 mph for ambient temperatures of 20, 40, and 60°F using EES. The plots show that equivalent temperature decreases with increasing wind velocity and decreases with decreasing ambient temperature. Wind chill has a greater effect at lower ambient temperatures.
1. A hydraulic lift uses a piston with a diameter of 210 cm to lift a weight of 2500 kg by applying a force of 25 kg to a smaller piston.
2. The pressure and diameter calculations show that the larger piston needs a diameter of 100 cm to lift the 2500 kg weight.
3. Pascal's principle and pressure calculations allow large weights to be lifted with little effort using hydraulic lifts.
This document provides an overview of gas turbine power cycles and the Joule cycle. It begins by revising gas expansions and compressions, then introduces the basic Joule cycle which consists of four ideal processes - isentropic compression, constant pressure heating, isentropic expansion, and constant pressure cooling. The document discusses efficiency calculations and worked examples for the ideal Joule cycle. It then examines the effects of friction, providing diagrams and equations to model non-isentropic compression and expansion processes. The document concludes by noting some variants in practical gas turbine engines from the basic Joule cycle model.
This document discusses the effects of friction on the Joule cycle used in gas turbines. It states that friction reduces the turbine's power output and increases the compressor's power input, resulting in lower net power and thermal efficiency. Diagrams are provided showing how friction lowers the temperature change in both the turbine and compressor processes compared to the ideal case. The document then provides an example calculation for a gas turbine cycle accounting for the isentropic efficiencies of the turbine and compressor due to friction.
This document provides calculations for the rate of distillation and size of a vapor column for distilling triethyl amine. It calculates the total heat transfer area and rate of vaporization as 1410.218 kg/hr. The diameter of the vapor column is calculated as approximately 4 inches and the height is approximately 10 feet. Various equations and data are presented to illustrate the step-by-step calculations and determine the necessary parameters for designing distillation equipment.
This document contains an examination for the subject of Engineering Thermodynamics. It has two parts, with Part A containing 10 short answer questions testing concepts like the second law of thermodynamics, air-standard assumptions, dryness fraction, and blackbody radiation. Part B contains 4 multi-part problems calculating things like the rate of heat rejected from a gas turbine, properties of steam, efficiency of a diesel cycle, and heat transfer through a cold storage door. The document provides relevant equations, conditions, and temperature/pressure values to use in solving the problems.
This document summarizes the content of lectures on evaporation processes, including factors affecting evaporation, types of evaporators, and mathematical problems involving evaporation. It provides an example problem calculating requirements for a triple effect evaporator, including steam needs, heat transfer areas, evaporating temperatures in each effect, and steam economy. It also discusses optimizing the boiling time to maximize throughput or minimize costs by balancing heat transfer rate reductions from scale buildup with shutdown frequencies.
This document contains a question paper for an engineering thermodynamics examination. It has two parts with a total of 15 questions. Part A contains 10 multiple choice questions worth 2 marks each. Part B contains 5 long-form questions worth 16 marks each. The questions cover various topics in engineering thermodynamics including processes, cycles, properties of mixtures, psychrometrics, and refrigeration. Students are asked to solve problems involving gases, vapors, heat transfer and thermodynamic cycles. They are also asked to sketch processes on pressure-temperature and temperature-entropy diagrams.
This document contains questions for an engineering thermodynamics exam, including multiple choice and numerical problems. It covers topics like the first and second laws of thermodynamics, properties of pure substances and gas mixtures, psychrometrics, vapor power cycles, availability analysis, and refrigeration. The exam has two sections - Part A contains 10 short answer questions worth 2 marks each and Part B contains 5 long answer numerical problems worth 16 marks each. Questions require calculations of properties, cycles, mixtures and thermodynamic processes using concepts like heat, work, entropy, availability and refrigeration.
This document provides an overview of units of measurement commonly used in environmental management and materials and energy balances. It defines SI and other units for length, mass, temperature, area, volume, energy, power, velocity, flow rate, density, and concentration. It presents prefixes used with units to describe large and small quantities. Examples show calculations of concentration in terms of mass per volume, parts per million, percentage, and air pollutant concentrations. The document stresses the importance of materials and energy balances in understanding processes and their environmental impacts, and provides examples of calculating particulate concentration, dust collection in a bag house system, and pollutant emissions from a coal-fired power plant.
This document appears to be an exam for a thermodynamics engineering course consisting of 3 parts with multiple choice and numerical problems. Part A has 10 short answer questions worth 2 marks each on topics like path functions, free expansion processes, the Carnot cycle, and thermodynamic properties. Part B has 5 longer answer questions worth 13 marks each, including problems on compression processes, Carnot engines, reheat cycles, and use of the van der Waals equation. Part C has 2 long answer questions worth 15 marks each involving an adiabatic air compressor-steam turbine system and evaluating experimental refrigerator measurements. The exam tests students' understanding of key thermodynamic concepts and their ability to apply these concepts to solve practical thermodynamic problems.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia