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Terabit/s Superchannels: needs, challenges and beyond
This document discusses the need for terabit/s superchannels to address the capacity crunch facing fiber optic networks. Superchannels make more efficient use of bandwidth by transmitting multiple subcarriers orthogonally within a single wavelength channel. They allow more data to be transmitted over existing fiber infrastructure. However, superchannels also present significant signal processing challenges including fragmentation, nonlinear impairment, and complex digital signal processing requirements. Alternative approaches are being explored such as exploiting additional fiber modes or transmitting at new wavelength bands, but future networks will also require more energy efficient components.
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Terabit/s Superchannels: needs, challenges and beyond
- 1. Terabit/s Superchannels: needs,challenges and beyond Fatima Gunning Photonic Systems Group Photonics Centre, IPIC
- 2. Outlook □ IPIC andTyndall □ Capacity crunch: is this happening? □ Superchannels for efficient use of bandwidth □ Challenges □ Alternatives
- 3. This is whowe are…
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- 6. • Sustained investmentby SFI over more than a decade (>€80M) has enabled build of full photonics ecosystem at Tyndall-UCC & CIT (‘atoms to systems’) • IPIC is driving a more coherent and inclusive technical strategy combining medium/long term research and also involving industry Origins – History of Photonics in Cork Superchannels (SFI CDA) Gunning
- 8. Science Foundation IrelandCentres
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- 10. Integrated team from“atoms to systems”
- 11. Advanced facilities: semiconductor growthto systems test
- 12. • Total programmevalue €30M • Minimum of 30% from industry • Dynamic – can add new spokes IPIC’s industry friendly ‘Hub and Spoke’ structure Targeted Projects • Directly aligned with company need • Researchers working closely with company personnel, trained in company technology requirements and roadmaps • Companies have exclusive option to IP Platform Research • Drives leading-edge science • Training ground for PhDs • Seeds new industry projects and start-ups Commercial Projects • Company owns IP, full commercial rates and overheads applied
- 13. Research Commercialisation New ManufacturingTechnologies: Micro Transfer Printing
- 14. Silicon Photonic Chip (withflipchip IC) 25Gbaud InP MZM Data Modulator 10Gb/s Burst Mode Receiver Transmission testbeds (100Gb/s and beyond) 1000km of field installed fibre supplied by BT High Speed Communications: Optoelectronics, electronics, integration, packaging, test
- 15. Smart, small, flexible,high functionality integrated devices are key to the future of the Internet. And this is why…
- 16. Capacity crunch 5th December2014, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 17. - 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 2005 2006 20072008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 #INTERNETUSERS(MILLIONS) YEAR Demand Source: ITU_Key_2005-2014_ICT_data
- 19. Kurt Michel, Akamai- https://blogs.akamai.com/2014/07/welcome-to-the-future.html
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- 23. Optimising the useof bandwidth…
- 24. In general physicalterms… Amplitude, phase, and amplitude&phase modulation Increase baud rate // time-domain shaping Add more frequencies (e.g. WDM) Two orthogonal polarisations Orthogonal modes
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- 26. The need forSuperchannels 50GHz f 50GHz f freed bandwidth! only possible with orthogonal subcarriers reducing crosstalk
- 27. Single wavelength channel Wavelength Division Multiplexing Superchannels/ Orthogoanal Frequency Division Multiplexing Fillingtheopticalpipe
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- 29. The need forflexibility
- 30. The move toflexi-grid with superchannels
- 31. Challenges: • Fragmentation • Flexiblerouting required • Nonlinear impairment compensation • Continuous monitoring • Complex digital signal processing • High-density integration & packaging (foundry- compatible)
- 32. 0 1 Phase(rads/) 0 1 2 Phase(rads/) 2π 0 00 2π Time I Q • All-optical BPSK OFDM superchannel • Channels spaced Δf apart • Modulated with BPSK data at Δf • Four-wave mixing in SOA • Pump beats with subcarriers in SOA, fluctuating the carrier density • Modulates the gain and refractive index • Idlers produced with double the frequency spacing and double the phase • Idlers stripped of modulation, since ei0 = ei2π • Beating the two idlers at the detector will give a recovered clock at twice the original frequency fS2Δf BPSK Subcarriers BPSK Superchannel Pump, fP Idlers 2Δf Frequency Out SOA In Frequency Pump, fP BPSK Subcarriers Δfm2 Δfm1 Δf = fS2 – fS1 fS1 2fS1 – fP 2fS2 – fP fS1 + fS2 – fP Δfm2 Δfm1 fS2fS1 0 1 Phase(rads/) 0 1 2 Phase(rads/) π 0 0 0 π I Q Time ,Δφ1 ,Δφ2 ,Δφ1 ,Δφ2 Optical signal processing of superchannels M. Power et al, “"Four-wave mixing for clock recovery of phase modulated optical OFDM superchannel," Opt. Express 22, 7007-7013 (2014)
- 33. Let’s not forgetthe power of DSP… NONLINEAR COMPENSATION Dispersion compensation Constellation mapping clock recovery/estimation Software defined modulation Filtering All with ASICS at high sampling rates: >100 million gates Xiang Liu et al, “Digital Signal Processing Techniques Enabling Multi-Tb/s Superchannel Transmission”, IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE pp. 16-24, March 2014
- 34. Mitigation with Software DefinedNetworks *Katsumi Emura, OECC, Plenary 2012
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- 37. Creative HD wallpapers Alternativessolutions to SMF…
- 38. http://www.tuhh.de/okt/Forschung/ModeBeating/ModeBeating.htm Exploiting multi-mode… R. G.H. van Uden et al, Nat. Photon. 8, 865–870 (2014)
- 39. detectorslasers passives modulators optical Amplifiers filters 1mm slotted FPlaser HC-PBGF AWGfilter photodetector optical amplifier [6] [7] [8] [9] …or perhaps being adventurous with HC-PBGF
- 40. And demonstrating 100Gbit/sat 2m H. Zhang et al, "100 Gbit/s WDM transmission at 2 µm: transmission studies in both low-loss hollow core photonic bandgap fiber and solid core fiber," Opt. Express 23, 4946-4951 (2015)
- 41. Ultimately, however… http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/renewable_energy/ Energy isand will be finite, hence - We need energy efficient components & networks - We need to look into efficient/passive device cooling http://www.photonicsspectra-digital.com/photonicsspectra/may_2015?pg=18&pm=2&fs=1#pg18
- 42. • Thank You • • • PhotonicSystems Group, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Ireland. http://ie.linkedin.com/in/fatimagunning/ http://research.ucc.ie/profiles/E025/fatimagunning http://www.tyndall.ie/users/fatimagunning Acknowledgements: H. Zhang N. Kavanagh Z. Li J. Zhao N. Ye Y. Chen N. V. Wheeler J. P. Wooler J. R. Hayes S. R. Sandoghchi F. Poletti M. N. Petrovich S. U. Alam R. Phelan J. O’Carroll B. Kelly L. Grüner-Nielsen D. J. Richardson B. Corbett P. Gunning A. Ellis B. Manning M. Power P. Townsend K. Razeeb and many others!