This document provides an overview of the Ten Worlds concept in Nichiren Buddhism. The Ten Worlds are subjective states of mind that one moves between, with each state characterized by different emotional tendencies. They include lower worlds like Hell, Hunger, and Animality driven by external factors, and higher noble paths like Learning, Realization, Bodhisattva and Buddhahood driven by inner awakening and compassion for others. While in any given moment one world is dominant, all worlds are mutually possessed and necessary aspects of the human experience. Understanding the Ten Worlds can provide insight into one's current emotional state and motivation to progress to higher, less suffering worlds.

1. Part 02
The Ten Worlds
Nichiren Buddhism

2. 2
Objectives
• Why are we here?

3. 3
Ground Rules
• Ask questions
• Present your opinions
• Talk one at a time
• Do not compare
religions
• Do not present other
religion’s view

4. Buying Happiness - Experiment 1
• Imagine this situation: I give you $50 to spend it any
way you like. The only stipulation is that you have to
spend the entire amount on yourself.
• Think what you would do with the money (3 min).
• After you have decided what to do with the money,
answer these two questions:
1. How happy would you feel as a result of spending the money
according to your decision? Use a 10-point rating system in
which 1 is not happy and 10 is intensely happy. Circle the
number on the scale which would correspond to your feelings.
2. How long will your happiness last? A few minutes, few hours,
few days, … ? Put a cross under the right answer.
4

5. Buying Happiness - Experiment 2
• Same scenario, but with a minor twist: I give you $50
with the stipulation that you have to spend the entire
amount on someone else.
• Think how you would spend the money (3 min).
• After you have decided, answer the same questions:
1. How happy would you feel as a result of spending the money
according to your decision? Use a 10-point rating system in
which 1 is not happy and 10 is intensely happy. Circle the
number on the scale which would correspond to your feelings.
2. How long will your happiness last? A few minutes, few hours,
few days, … ? Put a cross under the right answer.
5

6. 6
Introduction
• The ability of our minds is very swift in responding to external stimulus: every
hour, every minute is different.
• Buddhism is about ordinary daily lives of ordinary human beings it has to cope
with this feature of our lives. An the concept of The Ten Worlds is a result.
• The Ten Worlds are not objective places, they are subjective states inside our
head, states of mind.
• It could seem implausible to reduce a vast range of our constantly shifting
responses to just 10 states:
– Structure that undoubtedly stood the test of time
– Passed a test of practicality, not for bookshelves - it is for our daily lives
• A road map - helps us to interpret where we are in our subjective or emotional
life
• As far as Buddhism teaches that happiness and suffering come not from
external factors of our lives but from deep within, then knowing more clearly
where we as opposed to where we would like to be is a crucial piece of
information.
• The life state where we in from moment to moment effects everything in our life:
how we feel, think, act, how we look, not to mention how environment responds.
Think of anger…

7. 7
The Ten Worlds
• Not emotional ladder where we move up and down in a progressive
way.
• 10 worlds - entire universe of our mind, we move from one its part to
another. Each of us possesses the potential for all ten, and we shift
from one to another at any moment. At each moment, one of the Ten
Worlds is being manifested and the other nine are dormant.
• A caution: our mind is soft swift and the words are so cumbersome, that
any attempt to describe this kaleidoscopic changes in our emotional life
in words appears somewhat unreal. It feels like walking in wet concrete,
everything is slowed down and slightly caricatured
• Bearing this caution in mind let’s look briefly at this 10 life states
Higher (Noble) worlds
7. Learning or Absorption
8. Realisation
9. Bodhisattva
10. Buddha or Buddhahood
Lower Worlds (or 6 Paths)
1. Hell
2. Hunger
3. Animality
4. Anger
5. Humanity or Tranquillity
6. Rapture or Heaven

8. 8
1. Hell
• State of suffering and despair
• Filled with frustration, rage,
helplessness and destructive impulses
• We perceive we have no freedom of action
• A feeling of being imprisoned by one's circumstances
• There are graduations of this state: from unbearable
day at work to the grief for a lost relative
+ Having experienced hell helps us maintain a desire to
better our circumstances. Empathy, understanding
the sufferings of others.

9. 9
2. Hunger
• Permanent dissatisfaction of how your life is now, because your desires
are out of control
• “Out of control” part is a problem
• Always craving for something: money, power, status or whatever. But
the feeling doesn't go away.
• While desires are inherent in any of the Ten Worlds, in this state we are
at the mercy of our cravings and cannot control them. We end up
chasing one desire after another without feeling fulfilment or
satisfaction. As soon as the desire has been achieved, a hunger seeks
for another object to be possessed.
• It is an addiction and as most addictions it is associated with suffering
not only for oneself but also for those around us.
+ Huge amount of drive and energy is locked up in a Hunger state. If
redirected to the needs of others, can achieve great good. For example,
people fighting tirelessly for nuclear disarmament are hungry for peace.

10. 10
3. Animality
• Driven by instinct, lacking in reason and moral considerations
• Those who are strong (or who knows) take advantage of those
who are week (or unaware) in order to satisfy own ends
regardless of the rights or the morality of the situation
• Described as the Law of the jungles. Nowadays also mindless
hooliganism and anti-social behaviour. No consideration on the
anxiety or sufferings inflicted on those around them.
• Absence of humanity is fundamental to this life state
• Absence of wisdom and lack of judgement, no adherence to
rules and regulations
+ Protective instincts, for example,
that we need more sleep.
Preservation of self or others.

11. 11
Three evil paths
• Hell, Hunger and Animality - three evil paths
• Not because they are associated with evil in the conventional
sense but because they are a root cause of huge amount of
suffering. They can tear life lives apart or render them
unbearable
• People in this life states tend to rotate trough them driven by
the hunger for one thing or another, not aware on the effect on
the people, creating pain and suffering in their own lives and
lives of those close to them.
• One of the great virtue from the knowledge of the Ten Worlds is
that like a call. It can make you aware of the reality of the
situation and act as a powerful stimulus to lift you out of it.
• Few people would want to continue to dwell in these life states
once they realise where they are

12. 12
4. Anger
• As a Buddhist text describes it: "Since those in the world of Anger desire in every instance to be superior to
everyone else and cannot bear to be inferior to anyone. At the same time, outwardly they seek to display
the virtues of benevolence, justice, propriety, wisdom and fidelity."
• Not simply the domination of the external manifestations
of anger: shouting, threats storms of temper, but constant demands of one’s ego
• At its heart there is a sense of the superiority over others with all the distortions of prospective
• There will the sudden outburst of the anger, that may seem come from nowhere often surprising the owner
of the anger as much as the victim
• But there will be also other destructive behaviours like intolerance, cynicism, sarcasm, lack of gratitude,
constant criticism of other people’s work
• People in this state often find as difficult to live with themselves as other people find it to be with them,
because they seem of not having real control of the source of the anger
• Destructive to personal relationships
• On a wide scale of society anger as a sense of superiority of self lies as the root of the whole range of
injustices, from racism, religious intolerance to the depression of women and minority groups.
+ Anger is a great achiever. Can be powerful driver towards change, fighter for injustice, dignity of the individual
or the passion to fight authoritarian behaviour.
The key to overcome the destructive side of the anger has to come from self- awareness. It can’t be just
switched off or redirected from outside.

13. 13
5. Humanity (Tranquillity)
• Life state when we are calm and in control of ourselves
• Neutral state where nothing is excited or upset or requires a passionate
response
• It’s also called a state of rest, recharging our batteries
• Positive qualities like reasonableness and self-judgement ,
consideration for others, ability to see clearly between truth and false
• Actively seeking to achieve compromise, rather than conflict. For
example, it might be a moment of apology after fly of temper or perhaps
working hard not to loose your temper when somebody is being totally
unreasonable
- Negative aspect is certain amount of apathy revealed in a long-term
acceptance of one’s status quo or unwillingness to make an effort.

14. 14
6. Heaven (Rapture)
• Heaven represents what is described in Buddhism as relative happiness
• It’s a wonderful act of joy and exhilaration, which we experience when we
achieve something that we desire strongly
• It bring with it a sense of personal fulfilment, the zest for life and outburst of
energy e.g. setting on a holiday of falling in love.
• But however wonderful exhilaration might be, however it enriches our lives the
reality is that by its own nature the rapture is short-lived. A sudden pick of joy in
a normal curve of our lives.
• Although some people equate this transient state with the highest possible state
of life, trying to make it permanent in their lives, Buddhism teaches that the idea
of permanent rapture is simply unreal.
• The desire to make this life state permanent leads
to suffering.

15. 15
Six Lower Worlds
• The six states from Hell to Heaven are called the six paths or six
lower worlds.
• They have in common the fact that their emergence or
disappearance is governed by external circumstances.
• They very closely interlinked and we can easily step from one to
another
• As we fluctuate between this states we are at the mercy of our
environment: like a boat on waves
• Any happiness or satisfaction to be gained in these states
depends totally upon circumstances and is therefore transient
and subject to change
• In these six lower worlds, we base our entire happiness on
externals

16. 16
Four Noble Paths
• They could be described as representing a great
potential in human life, not simply responding to
movements in our external environment.
• Taking control of our lives to make the very most of
them
• Marked by the considerable effort required from us to
achieve them

17. 17
Learning & Realisation
• Learning and Realization are closely related.
• Both are concerned with a strong desire for self-improvement
although via different routes
• We move to this states when we recognize that everything
experienced in the six paths is impermanent and we begin to
seek some lasting truth.
• Achieved through deliberate effort, unlike the six paths, which
are passive reactions to the environment
• In those states the search for truth is primarily self-oriented, so
there is a great potential for egotism in these two states

18. 18
7. Learning
• Learning is mainly about studying, seeking the truth through the
teachings or experience of others
• We take knowledge and insight of others and apply them to our
own life
• It is also an attitude of wanting to learn, desire to discuss, ability
to absorb knowledge:
– A practical skill
– A mastery of our work
– The development of an interest
• It can be dual. It can lead:
– To immensely beneficial findings if based on the desire to improve human
conditions
– To exploitation of others, destruction of the environment and life itself if
based on the desire of a profit

19. 19
8. Realisation
• The process of inner reflection or
consideration that enables us to
work on the knowledge that we
have acquired or the experiences
we have been through to achieve a
different level of understanding of
life. In this sense it may be equated
with wisdom or intuition
• Having a wisdom or insight, an
understanding of an aspect of life
from our own observations and
experiences.
• Self-awakening to some truth or
principle, a bit like Archimedes
shouting 'Eureka' in his bath!

20. Learning & Realisation Negative
Sides
• Knowledge can bring a sense of superiority over those who
don’t have it: doctors for patients, professors for students,
scientist for the general public
• If our lives are strongly influenced by these two worlds:
– We may find that we become arrogant and stubborn
– We may become self-satisfied and think we know it all, and have no
further need to improve ourselves.
– We may feel we have escaped the six lower worlds and are better
than the people in those worlds. At this point we begin to become
gripped again by the lower worlds.
• Can lead to self-centredness and separation from others
• In the Lotus Sutra people of Learning and Realization were
taught they could only enter the realm of Buddhahood only
through faith, not through the intellect.
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21. 21
9. Bodhisattva
• It’s a technical term from Buddhist texts: Bodhi (enlightenment) and sattva
(beings) - aspired to achieve enlightenment
• The meaning behind this term is caring for others.
• Giving yourself to support and improve the lives of others
• This is a primary quality that modern psychological research suggests that is
fundamental to the happiness in this life
• Not simply to help other people but to alleviate the cause of their pain or
suffering and to replace it with a greater sense of wellbeing
• The immediate path out of the life states such as hell, hunger and anger is to
find some way to contribute to the lives of others
• Determined to enable all other beings to do the same
• Bodhisattvas receive little public reward or recognition for their work and may
pass most of their lives in relatively poor circumstances. Recognition and reward
is clearly not their motivation. They are driven by a powerful compassion. This is
the source of the greatest joy and fulfilment.
• Buddhism teaches that Bodhisattva state should not be a self sacrificial.
• This brings us to a life state of Buddhahood

22. 22
10. Buddhahood or Buddha
• The highest state of life of which the human being is capable.
• Overlaid by huge amount of misconception and misunderstanding. It
can be difficult for us to believe that this life state can be attained by
ordinary people going about their ordinary daily lives.
• It is Nichiren who by studying Buddhist scripts brought Buddhahood
down to Earth. Buddha was a human and his awakening was not a
superhuman state.
• Buddhahood is not elevation, a higher plane of our lives to which one
can step.
• It is a deeper and richer understanding of a mainstream of our life
as it already is - everything that we already involved, even a suffering
and struggling as well as happiness.
• Find fulfilment in our daily activities and come to understand the
purpose of being alive
• A condition in which we enjoy: the highest life force, wisdom,
compassion, courage, together with a good fortune

23. The Mutual Possession of the Ten
Worlds
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10
4
2 1
4
3
5 6
7
8
9
10.Buddhahood
10
2 1
4
3
5 6
4
7
8
9
4
10
2 1
4
3
5 6
7
8
9 10
2 1
4
3
5 6
7
8
9
3.Animality
2 1
4
10
2 1
4
3
5 6
10
4
7
8
9
3
5 6
7
8
9
10
2 1
3
2.Hunger
5 6
7
8
9
10
2 1
3
5 6
7
8
9
10
2 1
3
5 6
7
8
9
10
2 1
3
5 6
7
8
9
1.Hell
5.Humanity 4.Anger
6.Heaven
7.Learning
8.Realisation
9.Bodhisattva

24. All the Ten Worlds are Necessary
• Establishing Buddhahood as our basic life-tendency does not
mean we rid ourselves of the other nine worlds.
• All 10 Worlds are integral and necessary aspects of life. Without
experiencing the sufferings of Hell ourselves, we could never
feel true compassion for others. Without the instinctive desires
represented by Hunger and Animality, we would forget to eat,
sleep and reproduce ourselves, and soon become extinct.
• Even if we establish Buddhahood as our fundamental life-tendency,
we will still continue to experience the joys and
sorrows of the nine worlds.
• However, they will not control us, and we will not define
ourselves in terms of them. Based on the life-tendency of
Buddhahood, our nine worlds will be harmonized and function to
benefit both ourselves and those around us.
24

25. Taking Responsibility for Our
Lives
• The overwhelming message is therefore is one of the immense
optimism: we can bring out the strength, the hope and the life force of
our Buddha nature challenge our situation and begin to turn it around.
• It is taking responsibility for our life. We always have the choice of how
25
to respond.
• That’s why many people describe the effect of practice enabling. The
take more control of their lives instead of drifting in response to
circumstances.
• Like a weight lifter: we cannot develop the stronger muscles except by
lifting heavier weights. We cannot grow our strengths except by
overcoming obstacles.
• True happiness is not the absence of suffering. Happiness does not
mean to have a life free of difficulties but whatever difficulty arise we
can bring out the unshakable courage and conviction to fight and
overcome it.

26. 26
How Chanting Helps
• We have our dominant state of life
• Our life is made of decisions and actions based on
these decisions
• Out state of life influences what decisions we make
• Chanting changes state of life
• Hence, our decisions change and as a consequence,
our actions
• We make new causes, which produce new effects
• We change our life, we change karma

27. 27
The Ten Worlds - End