The document provides information about English tenses including examples of how to form and use different tenses such as simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, and future tenses. It discusses the functions of each tense, provides examples of verbs in their present, past and past participle forms, and includes exercises for learners to practice forming and using tenses correctly.

1. TENSES
in
ENGLISH
Nail Yamaç

2. I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Simple Present
I play football every week.
I don’t play football.
Do you play football?
V 1
don’t V 1
V1 s
doesn’t V 1

3.  She (read)………….books every day.
 They ( not come )……………..to school by
minibus .
 Does Canan (work)…………….very hard at home?
 I (like)……………….to sit at the seaside in
Alanya.
 Do you always (do) …………..the exercises very
carefully?
 Elif never (cook) ……………meals to us at home.
 Some students (drive) ……………..very fast at
school campus.
 He (speak)……………..two languages ; English
and French .
 We (watch) …………..good films on TV every day.
 Furkan ( play) ……………computer games at
home because he likes Sims Game.

4.  Harun ( not go) …………….to bed at 9 every
night.
 Enes (play)…………..the piano very well.
 She (do) ……….all the work alone.
 Even best students (make ) ……………..mistakes
in final exams
 Does he usually (get) ………….high marks in
exams.?
 The bus (leave) ……………….at 5 o’clock .
 The class (begin)……………at 8:15
 We (do) ……………a lot of favors to the poor .
 They ( not speak)……………..Turkish well
because they (live)………..in France.

5. Functions of Simple Present tense
1- General facts
Smoking damages our health seriously.
2- Scientific facts
Ice melts when it is warm.
3- Daily actions
I usually get up late on Sundays .
4- Likes and dislikes using non-action verbs ( like, love , hate ,
prefer, dislike, detest, yearn ...)
I detest liars.

6. 5- Such non-action verbs as ‘’ belive , understand,
agree, have, possess, forget’’ are used instead of
Present Continuous Tense
She is possessing three houses. She possesses
three houses.
6- Organized future
The ferry to the Yenikapı Station leaves Mudanya
at 15:00.
7- Chronological events
On May, 19th, 1919 Atatürk lands in Samsun.
8- Newspaper headlines.
Jacko visits Topkapi.

7. Present Progressive
I am
am not
You
We are V ing
They aren’t
He is
She isn’t
It
I'm playing football now.
I’m not playing football.
Are you playing football?

8.  Your Test
A) Which sentences/questions are correct?
1) Which sentence is in the Present Progressive?
 I am reading a comic now.
I reading a comic now.
I' m reading a comic now.
I'am reading a comic now.
2) Which sentence is in the Present Progressive?

He has read a book.
He is going to read a book.
He is reading a book.
He read a book.
He reads a book.

9. B) Fill in the correct verb forms.
1) I ……. sending a text message.
2) The teacher ……..checking the homework.
3) We …….. waiting for you at the moment.
4) He ……. flying to Hungary tomorrow.
5) …….. your friends joining us?

10. C) Which questions are correct?
1) Which verb forms are correct?
we are makeing
we are making
we are writeing
we are writing
2) Which of the following words are used with the Present Progressive?
last week
tomorrow
always
at the moment
now
often
yesterday

11. D) Negate the sentences.
Example: He is playing on the computer.
- He is not playing on the computer.
1) The girls are riding their bikes.
…………………………………………………………….
2) I am organizing a meeting this afternoon.
……………………………………………………………
3)Are you having a drink now.
……………………………………………………………

12. E) Form short forms/contracted forms.
Example: He is writing .
- He's writing
I am asking you a question.
……………………………………………………………….
He is not working for this company.
……………………………………………………………….
They are working overtime.
………………………………………………………………..

13. Functions of Present Progressive Tense
1- Actions happening at the moment of the speech
What’re you doing right now?
2- Arranged future
I am giving a party at the weekend.
3- Periodical actions
We’re working on a new project these days.
4-Complaints using ‘’ always, forever and continually ’’
You are always forgetting my birthday.

14. Simple Past
I
You
We V 2
They
He didn’t V1
She
It
I played football yesterday.
I didn’t play football,
Did you play football?

15. Last year I (go) to England on holiday.
It (be) fantastic.
I (visit) lots of interesting places.
I (be) with two friends .
In the mornings we (walk) in the streets of London.
In the eveninigs we (go) to pubs.
The weather (be) strangely fine.
It (not / rain) a lot.
But we (see) some beautiful rainbows.
Where (spend / you) your last holiday?

16. Put the sentences into simple past.
We move to a new house. →
They bring a sandwitch. →
He doesn't do the homework. →
They sell cars. →
Does he visit his friends? →

17. Write sentences in simple past.
Janet / miss / the bus / today →
she / not / tidy / her room / yesterday →
Nancy / watch / not / television / last night →
she / read / a book / ? →

18. Choose "Was“ or "Were“
The costomer …….. nice.
The sales assistants ……. very clever.
But one employee ……… in trouble.
We …….. sorry for him.
He ……… nice though.
,Where …….. you last night?

19. •What are the present, past and past participle forms of the verbs.
V1 V2 V3
--------------------- ------------------------ -------------------
1. ______________ swam swum
2. write wrote ____________
3- see ________________ seen
4- ______________ felt felt
5- _____________ spoke spoken
6- _____________ told told
7- make made _____________
8- do did ____________
9- _____________ said said
10- cut _______________ cut

20. 11- have had ____________
12- _____________ meant meant
13- drink ________________ drunk
14- hurt hurt _____________
15- ring _______________ rung
16- _____________ felt felt
17- ______________ brought brought
18- know ______________ known
19- tell told ______________
20- _____________ said said

21. Functions of Simple Past Tense
1- Actions finishing at a certain time in the past and which are used
with or without these time expressions: yesterday last week, three
days ago , at 9 o’clock on Friday, in 2009, etc.
We visited nice places last summer.
2- Used with when , while , until, by the time , because etc. in
assistance with Past Continous , Past Perfect and Past Perfect
Continuous Tenses.
By the time we went there, the bar had already closed.
When the rain started , I was sitting in the park.
3- Used in narrations as the later action of sequences made in Past
Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Tenses.
Before she called me, I had left the office.

22. Past Progressive
I was
wasn’t
You
We were V ing
They weren’t
He
She was
It wasn’t
I was playing football the whole evening.
I wasn’t playing football.
Were you playing football?

23. Write correct sentences:
Yesterday at 6 pm your family were doing different things.
Write sentences in past progressive.
My wife / read / a novel
My son / watch / a movie
My elder son / writing / in his diary
My two daughters / listen / to the radio
My little sister and I / not / watch / a movie
We / talk / about work

24. Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive).
When I phoned my friends, they (play) monopoly.
Yesterday at six I (prepare) dinner.
The kids (play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain
I (practice) the guitar when he came home.
We (not / cycle) all day.
While Alan (work) in his room, his friends (swim) in the pool.
I tried to tell them the truth but they (not / listen ) .
What (you / do) yesterday?
Most of the time we (sit) in the park.
I (listen) to the radio while my sister (watch) TV.

25. Functions of Past Progressive Tense
1- A continuous action taking place in the past
I was resting from 7 to 8 .
2- Past Progressive is usually interrupted by another
action that took place in the middle of it.
We were preparing the dinner when you came in.
3- When, while , as, just as, after, before, because, until
are used to unite two different actions .
I was resting because I was too tired.

26. Present Perfect
I
You have
We haven’t
They V 3
He
She has
It hasn’t
I have just played football.
I haven’t played football yet.
Have you played football before?

27. Functions of Present Perfect Tense
1- Actions that took place in an uncertain time in the past. It has
special time expressions such as;
since - for - ever - never - just – now - already – before - yet -
still haven’t - this week - this year - once - twice - three times -
four times – many times - today – these days – recently –
nowadays – lately – so far – till now – by now – up till now – all
my life – throughout my life
They have been to England four times before.
2- Near past actions
I have just finished my lunch.
3- Talking about the changes in our lives
I have worked for five companies .

28. 4- Talking about our experiences
I have never got married.
5- Not used with simple past tense time expressions such as ‘’
yesterday, two days ago ,last week, on Friday or in 2009
I have bouht my first car in 2008. I bought it in 2008.
6- Using FOR and SINCE , Present perfect turns into an actions that
started in the past and still continues.
My parents have been retired since 1985.
7- Sometimes used with when instead of Simple Present Tense to
metion that the when clause is an earlier action.
I will get in touch with you when I have arrived or
……………………………. when I arrive.

29. Present Perfect Progressive
I
You have been
We
They
V ing
He
She has been
It
I ‘ve been playing football for 2 hours.
I haven’t been playing football.
Have you been playing football?

30. Functions of Present Perfect Progressive
1- With or without FOR and SINCE , Present Perfect
is a kind of an action that started in the past and still
continues.
I ve been sleeping since 5 pm.
2- Used to express what you were doing for long when
somebody catches you in action.
A - Hi, darling! How are you doing? You look red.
B - I’ve been cooking this bloody diner!

31. Past Perfect Progressive
I
You had been
We
They V ing
He
She had been
It
I’d been playing football when Susan came.
I hadn’t been playing football when Susan came.
What ‘d you been doing when Susan came?

32. Functions of Past Perfect Progressive
1- Earlier actions that already started
before a later action and was going on
for long.
I had been waiting for my friend
when I came across you that day.
before ……………………………..
by the time ………………………..
till ………………………………….

33. Will Future
I
You
We will
They V 1
He won’t
She
It
I will play probably football next week.
I probably won’t play football next week.
Will you play football next week?

34. Functions of WILL Future
1- Used to talk about a future action that you decide at the moment of
the speech
I ll go get the the plates.
2 - Not planned future
I think I ‘ll vomit. I feel so bad.
3 – Willingness
I hope I will pass the exam.
4 – Request
Will you open the window, please?
5 - Weak prediction, Sometimes with will probably or probably won’t
You will probably get sick. Careful!

35. Be going to Future
I am
am not
You
We are going to V 1
They aren’t gonna
He
She is
It isn’t
I'm going to play football this afternoon.
I am not going to play football this afternoon.
Are you going to play football this afternoon?

36. Functions of BE going to Future
1- Planned future
What are you going to do next?
2- Strong predictions
You are going to get sick. Careful!
3- Also used as gonna in informal English.
What are you gonna do next?

37. Future Progressive
I
You
We will
They be V ing
He won’t
She
It
I will be playing football at this time next Sunday.
I won’t be playing football at this timer tomorrow.
What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?

38. Functions of Future Progressive
1 - Planned future
I’ll be waiting for you.
2 - Future actions that will take long for a
certain preriod of time
Next week at this time, I will be lying on
the beach.

39. Future Perfect
I
You
We will
They have V 3
He won’t
She
It
I will have played football by tomorrow.

40. Functions of Future Perfect Tense
1- Planned future
I will have done my job till then.
2- Actions that take place in the future but completed before a
certain time.
How many people will you have interviewed tomorrow?
3- It has special time expressions :
( by 5 o’clock, by Friday, by the time you come, already )
By the time you get in, we will have already made the
arrangements.

41. Past Perfect
I
You
We had
They V 3
He hadn’t
She
It
I had played football when Susan came.

42. Functions of Past Perfect Tense
1- Used in IF Conditionals Type 3 for past regret
If he had known I was there, he would have come
2- Used in I wish / if only sentences for past regret
I wish I had met him last Friday.
3- Used in Reported Speech as the one-degree past form of Simple Past
and Present Perfect
Direct: ‘’ I was there ‘’ or ‘’ I have been there. ‘’
Indirect: He said that he had been there.
4- Used for the sequence of actions in the past in narration sentences
Then, when the rain started, he had already opened his umbrella.

43. Tense Parallelism 1
When the car crash happened,
I was smoking
I smoked
I had smoked
I had been somoking
I have smoked
I have been smoking
I smoke
I am smoking

44. Tense Parallelism 2
When the programme starts,
finishes,
I watch carefully
I will watch carefully
I’m going to watch carefully
I’ll be watching carefully.
I’ll have watched carefully
I have watched carefully
I watched carefully
I had watched carefully
I’ve been watching carefully