Tema 4 the plant kingdom
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This document classifies and describes different types of plants. It divides plants into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are further divided into angiosperms, which produce fruits containing seeds, and gymnosperms, which have small flowers and develop seeds in cones instead of fruits. Non-flowering plants include ferns, which reproduce via spores and have roots, stems, and large frond-like leaves, as well as mosses, which have simple stems, leaves, and reproduce via spores inside capsules. The document also describes key parts of plants like leaves, roots, stems, and the process of photosynthesis by which plants produce their own food.
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This document contains illustrations and brief descriptions of different types of plants, animals, insects, and pollution. It includes diagrams of plant roots and stems, illustrations of fruits and seeds, images of various mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, and pollution symbols. The document provides basic information about the structures and characteristics of different living organisms and environmental issues.
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This document categorizes plants into flowering and non-flowering types. Flowering plants are divided into angiosperms, which produce fruits containing seeds like cherry trees, and gymnosperms, which have small flowers but do not produce fruits, like pine trees. Non-flowering plants include ferns, which produce spores inside sori, and mosses, which produce spores inside capsules. Roots hold plants in the ground and absorb water and minerals through root hairs, while stems hold up other plant parts and leaves contain chlorophyll.
Plants
The document summarizes the classification and characteristics of major plant groups. Plants are classified into two groups - flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are further divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms, while non-flowering plants include ferns and mosses. Angiosperms produce fruits containing seeds, while gymnosperms produce cones. Ferns and mosses reproduce using spores. The document also describes the basic plant structures of roots, stems, and leaves and their functions, as well as the process of photosynthesis.
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Pollinator Management for Organic Seed Producers
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For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
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This document contains illustrations and brief descriptions of different types of plants, animals, insects, and pollution. It includes diagrams of plant roots and stems, illustrations of fruits and seeds, images of various mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, and pollution symbols. The document provides basic information about the structures and characteristics of different living organisms and environmental issues.
Olive Fruit Fly Integrated Pest Management
The olive fruit fly poses a severe economic threat to California's olive industry. The fly was first detected in California in 1998 and has since spread to all olive-growing regions of the state. The fly's larvae feed within olive fruits, destroying the pulp and allowing entry of bacteria and fungi that rot the fruit. This feeding damage can cause up to 100% crop loss for some table olive varieties and reduce oil yields by up to 80%. Effective management of the pest requires a combination of tactics, including mass trapping, sanitation such as fruit removal, and late-season applications of barrier sprays to coat and protect fruits. Biological control using imported natural enemies may help reduce populations in the future.
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This document categorizes plants into flowering and non-flowering types. Flowering plants are divided into angiosperms, which produce fruits containing seeds like cherry trees, and gymnosperms, which have small flowers but do not produce fruits, like pine trees. Non-flowering plants include ferns, which produce spores inside sori, and mosses, which produce spores inside capsules. Roots hold plants in the ground and absorb water and minerals through root hairs, while stems hold up other plant parts and leaves contain chlorophyll.
Plants
The document summarizes the classification and characteristics of major plant groups. Plants are classified into two groups - flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are further divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms, while non-flowering plants include ferns and mosses. Angiosperms produce fruits containing seeds, while gymnosperms produce cones. Ferns and mosses reproduce using spores. The document also describes the basic plant structures of roots, stems, and leaves and their functions, as well as the process of photosynthesis.
The parts of a seed
The document discusses the three main parts of a seed - the seed coat, stored food, and baby plant. It then describes the four main parts of a plant - roots, stem, leaves, and flower. The roots take in water and minerals from the soil. The stem carries water and helps the plant grow tall. The leaves make food for the plant using sunlight, water, and air. The flower makes seeds to form new plants.
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Oryza sativa, commonly known as rice, is a grass species cultivated extensively as a grain worldwide. There are two major subspecies of domesticated rice: indica varieties, which are nonsticky and commonly grown in lowlands; and japonica varieties, which are sticky and commonly grown in upland or temperate areas. Rice is a staple food in many parts of the world and is high in carbohydrates but low in fat and protein. It is also rich in various vitamins and minerals. Rice cultivation began in China and spread throughout Asia and later to other parts of the world. There have been efforts to develop rice varieties with improved traits like drought, salt, and disease tolerance to address environmental and agricultural
Pollinator Management for Organic Seed Producers
Pollinator Management for Organic Seed Producers
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
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Mealybugs are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap. They have over 5000 described species worldwide. Mealybugs have a waxy coating and can be major agricultural pests, infecting plants like rice, citrus, and cotton. They have complex life cycles with egg, nymph, and adult stages. Females are wingless while males have wings. Mealybugs damage plants by sap feeding and excreting honeydew that promotes sooty mold growth. They can be controlled through chemical, physical, and biological methods like using insecticides, removing infested plants, and introducing natural enemies like ladybugs and parasitic wasps. Resistance develops over time, requiring integrated pest management.
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Dr. v v belavadi
1) Pollinators play an essential role in seed production of many crops as they transfer pollen between flowers, enabling cross-pollination and sexual reproduction.
2) Effective pollinators for seed production must efficiently remove and deposit pollen, have foraging behaviors that result in visits to multiple individual plants of the same species, and show flower constancy to minimize cross-pollination between varieties.
3) Bees are often effective pollinators for seed production due to their flower constancy, patch fidelity, and ability to carry out many flower visits in a day, resulting in reliable pollen transfer within a crop variety.
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- Seedling types are either monocots or dicots, distinguished by leaf and root characteristics.
- Legumes fix nitrogen from the air through root nodules while non-legumes do not fix nitrogen.
- Plant life spans can be annual, biennial, or perennial.
- Stems can be woody, herbaceous, stolons, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, or corms.
- Roots can be taproots or fibrous roots.
- Leaves have either net or parallel veins and shapes that are simple or compound.
- Flower parts include sepals, pet
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1. Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that reproduce via spores and do not produce seeds or flowers. They thrive in moist environments and move substances via osmosis and diffusion.
2. Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have true leaves and alterations of generations. They include tiny floating ferns used as fertilizer.
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The document discusses the basic requirements for planting flowers, including watering the soil. It explains that seeds come in different sizes, colors, and types, some of which people eat, such as rice, peas, corn, and cucumbers. Examples of seeds shown include sunflowers, pumpkins, and roses. The document also covers the main parts of a plant - roots, stem, leaves, and petals - and provides an interactive exercise to test plant part identification.
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This document summarizes the classification of plants into different groups. It discusses how plants can be classified based on their structure, as well as into non-vascular and vascular plants. Non-vascular plants like mosses, liverworts and hornworts lack vascular tissues, while vascular plants have vascular tissues and are further divided into seed-bearing and spore-bearing plants. Seed-bearing plants include gymnosperms like conifers and angiosperms like fruit trees and vegetables. Angiosperms are then divided into dicots and monocots. The document also classifies plants based on their growth cycle as annuals, biennials or perennials. Flowcharts and examples are provided to illustrate each group.
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Plants can be classified into several groups based on their structure and physiology. There are two major groups: non-vascular plants which lack vascular tissues for transporting water and nutrients, and vascular plants which have vascular bundles. Vascular plants are further divided into seed-bearing plants and spore-bearing plants. Seed-bearing plants include gymnosperms which produce naked seeds, and angiosperms which have seeds enclosed in ovaries. Angiosperms are divided into dicots and monocots. Plants can also be classified based on their life cycle as annuals, biennials, or perennials.
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Plants
The document classifies and describes the two main groups of plants: nonflowering plants and flowering plants. Nonflowering plants such as mosses and ferns reproduce via spores and do not produce flowers or seeds. Flowering plants, which are more diverse and numerous, reproduce sexually through flowers and seeds. Within flowering plants are gymnosperms, which bear naked seeds in cones, and angiosperms, which produce flowers, fruits, and enclosed seeds.
Plant Research Project_SS
The document summarizes the different parts of plants and their functions. It states that flowers have male and female parts, the stamen and pistil, which have specific parts that allow pollination and seed production. Pollination occurs through insect and bee attraction to petals and scent. The leaves perform photosynthesis to produce food. The stem transports water, nutrients and food. Roots take in water and minerals from the soil. Seeds contain an embryo and stored food to fuel initial growth.
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Plants are divided into flowering and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants include angiosperms which produce fruits with seeds inside from pollinated flowers. Non-flowering plants include ferns which have strong roots and produce spores, and mosses which have simple stems, leaves, and produce capsules. Roots absorb water and minerals from the ground through root hairs to provide nutrition, while stems transport these materials to and from leaves, where photosynthesis occurs using chlorophyll in the leaves.
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Dr. v v belavadi
1) Pollinators play an essential role in seed production of many crops as they transfer pollen between flowers, enabling cross-pollination and sexual reproduction.
2) Effective pollinators for seed production must efficiently remove and deposit pollen, have foraging behaviors that result in visits to multiple individual plants of the same species, and show flower constancy to minimize cross-pollination between varieties.
3) Bees are often effective pollinators for seed production due to their flower constancy, patch fidelity, and ability to carry out many flower visits in a day, resulting in reliable pollen transfer within a crop variety.
Plant Science
This document summarizes key aspects of plant science including:
- Seedling types are either monocots or dicots, distinguished by leaf and root characteristics.
- Legumes fix nitrogen from the air through root nodules while non-legumes do not fix nitrogen.
- Plant life spans can be annual, biennial, or perennial.
- Stems can be woody, herbaceous, stolons, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, or corms.
- Roots can be taproots or fibrous roots.
- Leaves have either net or parallel veins and shapes that are simple or compound.
- Flower parts include sepals, pet
Guille
1. Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that reproduce via spores and do not produce seeds or flowers. They thrive in moist environments and move substances via osmosis and diffusion.
2. Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have true leaves and alterations of generations. They include tiny floating ferns used as fertilizer.
3. Gymnosperms are coniferous vascular plants that reproduce via naked seeds and do not produce flowers. They are easily adapted to extreme environments and their products are used for various purposes like soap, varnish and food.
Shalu entomophily
This document summarizes different types of insect pollination including beetle, fly, bee, wasp, ant, and butterfly pollination. It describes the characteristics of flowers pollinated by each type of insect as well as details of the pollination mechanisms. The key pollinators discussed are bees, which are very efficient pollinators attracted to brightly colored flowers producing nectar and pollen. Other important pollinators include flies, beetles, wasps, ants, and butterflies, each with their own flower adaptations and pollination strategies.
Botany of maize
This document provides information on the botany and morphology of maize. It describes the taxonomy of maize, placing it in the plant kingdom. It also details the nutritional value of maize and the plant morphology, including the leaves, roots, reproductive structures, seeds, and life cycle. The reproductive structures include the male tassel and female ear. Pollination occurs when pollen from the tassel falls on the silks of the ear. The life cycle takes 120-150 days from planting to maturity.
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This document discusses types of seed dormancy and methods to overcome dormancy. There are several types of dormancy including seed coat dormancy, dormancy due to rudimentary embryos, dormancy due to chemical inhibitors, and dormancy due to internal factors. Methods to overcome dormancy include mechanical scarification, soaking seeds in water, acid treatment, cold stratification, dry storage, and treatment with chemicals like gibberellic acid. Overcoming dormancy allows seeds to germinate when conditions are suitable.
Fruit drop – causes and prevention in horticuture crops
Fruit trees naturally experience fruit drop at different stages of development to prevent overburdening of resources. Mango flowers contain thousands of flowers but only a few fruits are needed for a normal crop. Fruit drop occurs in three stages - first shortly after flowering when unpollinated or defective flowers drop, second around two weeks later when unfertilized and some fertilized flowers drop, and third when fruits reach a marble size. Fruit drop can be caused by mechanical, climatic, physiological, nutritional, cultural, pathological, and varietal factors. Proper cultural practices and plant growth regulators can help reduce fruit drop.
Pigeon pea
Pigeon pea is an important crop that originated in India. It is grown for its edible seeds which are high in protein, and its leaves, shoots and fodder which are used for human consumption and animal feed. The major growing regions are India, East Africa, and the Caribbean. Pigeon pea has a taproot system and trifoliate leaves. Its flowers form in axillary racemes and are self-pollinated. The pods contain 2-5 seeds that vary in size, shape and color. Traditional self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques include emasculation, pollen collection and artificial pollination.
Cowpea 12
Cowpea is a warm-season legume originating from Africa. It is an important food crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Cowpea has a diploid chromosome number of 22 and is self-pollinated. Major varieties grown in India include KBC-2, IT-38956-1, and KM-5. Breeding objectives focus on increasing yield, resistance to diseases and insects, and developing dual-purpose varieties.
Bhendi shoot and fruit borer
Bhendi shoot and fruit borer, which is highly destructive to the bhendi crops, damaging most of the economic part of the crops,yield of crop will reduce and fruit become unsuitable for the consumption .
Parts of the plants
The document discusses the basic requirements for planting flowers, including watering the soil. It explains that seeds come in different sizes, colors, and types, some of which people eat, such as rice, peas, corn, and cucumbers. Examples of seeds shown include sunflowers, pumpkins, and roses. The document also covers the main parts of a plant - roots, stem, leaves, and petals - and provides an interactive exercise to test plant part identification.
Native Bees TAG ND14
This document discusses native bee species in North America and ways that gardeners can support their populations. It notes that native bee populations are declining due to factors like habitat loss and pesticide use. Gardeners can help by planting a variety of native plants that provide a continuous supply of pollen and nectar throughout the seasons. Specific plant genera that attract bees are recommended. The document also suggests providing nesting areas for ground-nesting and cavity-nesting bees to support native bee populations in home gardens.
Giant Whitefly Integrated Pest Management
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Emasculation and hybridization in rice
Hybridization is a technique used in rice breeding to create genetically diverse varieties with desirable traits. The process involves crossing genetically dissimilar parents to produce hybrid offspring. Key steps include selecting female plants, emasculating unopened flowers to prevent self-pollination, collecting pollen from the desired male parent, and applying it to the emasculated female flowers. The hybridized seeds are then grown and evaluated to select varieties with increased yield, quality, disease resistance, and other targeted traits. Maintaining genetic diversity through hybridization techniques has been important for the health and productivity of rice crops globally.
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Brinjal insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINF...
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Similar to Tema 4 the plant kingdom
Chmsc lab school science project classification of plants
This document summarizes the classification of plants into different groups. It discusses how plants can be classified based on their structure, as well as into non-vascular and vascular plants. Non-vascular plants like mosses, liverworts and hornworts lack vascular tissues, while vascular plants have vascular tissues and are further divided into seed-bearing and spore-bearing plants. Seed-bearing plants include gymnosperms like conifers and angiosperms like fruit trees and vegetables. Angiosperms are then divided into dicots and monocots. The document also classifies plants based on their growth cycle as annuals, biennials or perennials. Flowcharts and examples are provided to illustrate each group.
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Plants can be classified into several groups based on their structure and physiology. There are two major groups: non-vascular plants which lack vascular tissues for transporting water and nutrients, and vascular plants which have vascular bundles. Vascular plants are further divided into seed-bearing plants and spore-bearing plants. Seed-bearing plants include gymnosperms which produce naked seeds, and angiosperms which have seeds enclosed in ovaries. Angiosperms are divided into dicots and monocots. Plants can also be classified based on their life cycle as annuals, biennials, or perennials.
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The plant kingdom is divided into flowering and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are the largest group and reproduce through seeds and flowers. They are further divided into gymnosperms like conifers which produce seeds in cones, and angiosperms which produce fruits containing seeds. Non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses reproduce using spores and include some of the earliest plants. Plants have structures like roots, stems, leaves, and flowers that take in water and nutrients from the soil and environment and conduct photosynthesis to produce food.
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The document classifies and describes the two main groups of plants: nonflowering plants and flowering plants. Nonflowering plants such as mosses and ferns reproduce via spores and do not produce flowers or seeds. Flowering plants, which are more diverse and numerous, reproduce sexually through flowers and seeds. Within flowering plants are gymnosperms, which bear naked seeds in cones, and angiosperms, which produce flowers, fruits, and enclosed seeds.
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The document summarizes the different parts of plants and their functions. It states that flowers have male and female parts, the stamen and pistil, which have specific parts that allow pollination and seed production. Pollination occurs through insect and bee attraction to petals and scent. The leaves perform photosynthesis to produce food. The stem transports water, nutrients and food. Roots take in water and minerals from the soil. Seeds contain an embryo and stored food to fuel initial growth.
Powert d enaturale tema 4 rafael
Plants are divided into flowering and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants include angiosperms which produce fruits with seeds inside from pollinated flowers. Non-flowering plants include ferns which have strong roots and produce spores, and mosses which have simple stems, leaves, and produce capsules. Roots absorb water and minerals from the ground through root hairs to provide nutrition, while stems transport these materials to and from leaves, where photosynthesis occurs using chlorophyll in the leaves.
Tema 4 de naturales
Plants are divided into flowering and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers and produce seeds, and are further divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms. Angiosperms are pollinated and produce fruits containing seeds, while gymnosperms have small flowers and produce seeds in cones. Non-flowering plants reproduce asexually through spores and include ferns, which have roots, stems and fronds, and mosses, which are small with simple stems and leaves.
Reproduction in organisms
The document discusses various modes of asexual reproduction in living organisms. It describes processes such as fragmentation, budding, fission, and sporulation that allow reproduction without gametes. Fragmentation involves the breaking off of parts that develop into new organisms, as seen in plants, algae, fungi, and some animals. Budding occurs when outgrowths from the parent organism detach to form new individuals, a method used by yeast. The document also discusses artificial vegetative propagation techniques used in horticulture, such as cutting, grafting, layering, and micropropagation.
Unit 4 naturales
This document discusses the classification and parts of plants. It divides plants into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants produce seeds inside flowers and angiosperms have small flowers that do not produce fruit. Non-flowering plants reproduce asexually. Ferns have roots and strong underground stems, while mosses have simple stems and roots called rhizoids. Most plants have roots that absorb water and minerals, stems that transport materials, and leaves containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is important as it consumes carbon dioxide and transforms water and minerals into food while reproducing oxygen.
The plant kingdom
Flowering plants reproduce through seeds contained within fruits. Angiosperms produce fruits containing seeds after pollination. Gymnosperms have small flowers and their seeds develop in cones, including many conifer trees. Non-flowering plants reproduce asexually through spores and include ferns and mosses, with ferns being some of the oldest plant life on Earth evolving over 300 million years ago.
The World Of Plants Std Grade
Plants are vital for life on Earth. They convert sunlight into food through photosynthesis, produce oxygen, regulate climate, provide habitats for other organisms, and give us food, materials and medicines. Plants live in almost every habitat and maintain the balance of gases in the atmosphere. They come in a huge variety and have complex structures adapted for reproduction, growth and survival.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve meiosis, gamete formation, fertilization, or parthenogenesis. It is common in plants, algae, fungi, and unicellular organisms. Examples of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms include binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, and fragmentation. Binary fission involves a parent cell dividing into two identical daughter cells through mitosis. Sporulation produces dormant spore forms through various types of spores. Budding occurs when a small projection called a bud forms on the parent body and detaches to form a new individual.
Plant Life Cycles of Flower bearing plant, spore bearing plant and Cone beari...
1. Plants produce flowers to reproduce through seeds. The flower's purpose is to help fertilization occur to produce fruits containing seeds.
2. There are two main types of seed-bearing plants - angiosperms which have flowering plants, and gymnosperms which include coniferous and non-flowering plants that bear seeds in cones or fruit-like structures.
3. Seed dispersal is the process by which seeds are spread to new locations by various means such as wind, water, explosion or animals to help plants colonize new areas.
Seed Dispersal
Seed dispersal is necessary for plant propagation and survival. Seeds can be dispersed either by the plant itself through explosive mechanisms, or by external agencies like wind, water, and animals. Some plants have adapted wings, hairs or hooks to aid dispersal by wind or animal transport, while others produce light, buoyant fruits that can spread via water. Common methods of dispersal include explosive seed pods that fling seeds distances, floating seeds carried by water, or berries eaten and dispersed through animal feces.
computer ppt by Shivanshi Dwivedi
This document summarizes the key characteristics and classifications of plants. It divides plants into two main categories: vascular and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants are further divided into seedless plants like ferns and seed plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Seedless vascular plants transport water and have underground stems, while non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts are smaller and found in moist environments. The document provides details on the structures and life cycles of different types of plants.
cbsegrade7-chapter11reproductioninplants-170308085837 (1).pdf
Plants reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce seeds which grow into new plants. Asexual reproduction occurs through vegetative propagation methods like stem and leaf cuttings, or through spore formation which allows single parent plants to reproduce. The key steps of sexual reproduction are pollination, fertilization, fruit and seed formation, and germination of seeds into new plants.
Cbse grade 7 chapter 11 reproduction in plants
1. Plants reproduce both sexually through the fusion of male and female gametes to form seeds, and asexually through vegetative propagation, budding, and spore formation involving a single parent.
2. Sexual reproduction involves pollination of flowers transferring pollen, fertilization fusing the gametes, and fruit and seed formation housing the embryo.
3. Asexual reproduction methods include vegetative propagation using plant parts like stems, roots, and leaves, as well as budding and spore formation which create clones of the parent plant.
perpetuationoflife ppt.pptx
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through their flowers. The male reproductive organ is the stamen, which produces pollen containing sperm cells. The female reproductive organ is the pistil, which contains ovules equivalent to the pollen grains. Plants can also reproduce asexually through various vegetative propagation methods like budding, fragmentation, and artificial propagation techniques such as grafting and layering.
Chapter 3 : Perpetuation of Life
The document discusses plant reproduction and genetics. It begins by explaining that flowering plants produce sex cells or gametes in the form of ovules and pollen grains within reproductive parts of the plant like the flower. The male reproductive organ is the stamen, which produces pollen containing sperm cells. The female reproductive organ is the pistil, where ovules are produced. Plants can reproduce sexually through cross-fertilization with other plants or self-fertilization. They can also reproduce asexually through various vegetative propagation methods like budding, cutting, grafting, and tissue culture. The document then discusses genetics, explaining what genes and DNA are and their roles in determining traits. It describes DNA structure and how DNA replicates
Unit 4 the plant kingdom
Plants are classified into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers and seeds, and are further divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms. Non-flowering plants reproduce asexually through spores and include ferns and mosses. All plants have three main parts: roots, stems, and leaves. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil, stems transport fluids and support the plant, and leaves contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis to produce food for the plant.
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Tema 4 the plant kingdom
- 3. PLANTS FLOWERING PLANTS NON- FLOWERING PLANTS ANGIOSPERMS GYMNOSPERMS FERNS MOSSES
- 4. FLOWERING PLANTS ARE DIVIDED IN TWO GROUPS ANGIOSPERMS IN ANGIOSPERMS POLLINATED FLOWERS PRODUCE FRUITS WITH SEEDS INSIDES. GYMNOSPERMS GYMNOSPERMS HAVE SMALL FLOWERS. THEY DON’T PRODUCES FRUITS, THEIR SEEDS DEVELOP IN CONES.
- 5. NON-FLOWERING PLANTS DON’T PRODUCE SEEDS FERNS THEY HAVE ROOTS AND STRONG STEM WICH GROW UNDER THE GROUND. THEY HAVE LARGE LEAVES CALLED FRONDS. THEY PRODUCE SPORES INSIDE SORI ON THE UNDERSIDE OF FRONDS. MOSSES HAVE VERY SIMPLE STEMS AND LEAVES. THEIR ROOTS ARE CALLED RHIZOIDS. THEY PRODUCE SPORES INSIDES CAPSULES.
- 6. LEAVES THEY CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL. MOST LEAVES HAVE TWO PARTS: THE PETIOLE AND THE BLADE. VEINS IN THE BLADE SUPPORT THE LEAF AND CARRY WATER AND MINERALS. ON THE UNDERSIDE OF THE BLADE, THERE ARE TINY HOLES, CALLED STOMATA, WHERE THE GAS EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE. ROOTS THEY HOLD PART THE PLANT IN THE GROUND. THEY ABSORB WATER AND MINERALS FROM THE GROUND THROUGH THE ROOT HAIR. PARTS OF PLANTS
- 7. FLOWER STEM IT HOLDS UP THE OTHERS PARTS OF THE PLANT. IT ALSO TRANSPORTS WATER AND MINERALS TO THE LEAVES FOR PHOTOSYNTESIS.
- 8. PLANT NUTRICION PLANTS MAKE THEIR ONW FOOD THROUGH THE PROCESS CALLED PHOTOSYNTESIS 1. THE ROOTS ABSORB WATER AND MINERALS FROM THE SOIL. 2. XILEM CELLS TRANSPORT THIS MIXTURE OF WATER AND MINERALS , CALLED RAW SAP, THROUGH THE STEM TO THE LEAVES. 3. LEAVES ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE THROUGHTHEIR STOMATA. IN THE CHLOROPLAST, CHLOROPHYLL COLLECTS SOLAR ENERGY TO TRANSFORM WATER, MINERALS AND CARBON DIOXIDE INTO GLUCOUSE AND OXYGEN. 4. PHOEM CELLS CARRY THE GLUCOUSE, THE PLANTS FOOD THROUGH THE STEM TO ALL THE PARTS OF THE PLANT. PHOTOSYN TESIS IS VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE: 1. IT GIVES US OXYGEN TO BREATHE 2. IT CONSUMES CARBON DIOXIDE