Telecoms Technology (As Presented)

Section 9:
Telecoms Technologies
Key Issues & Evolution

All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2008

Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture

Circuit Switching

• Dedicated path is set up • Inefficient use of network resources
• Circuit remains for the exclusive • Suited to voice and other real
use of both parties for the time services
duration of the call • Examples include PSTN and ISDN
• No significant delays • Charging based on call duration
• “The Past”

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Packet Switching

• No dedicated circuit • Suited to data transmission
• Transmission links are shared • Examples include the Internet,
between users X.25, Frame Relay, ATM
• Variable and unpredictable delays • Charging to be based
• Efficient use of network resources on throughput
• “The Future”

2

Mobile Networks
From voice to broadband multimedia services


2


Evolution of Mobile Networks
4G!
(LTE)
3.5, 3.75 (UMB)
(HSPA)
(EV-DO: 0, A, B)
UMTS/W-CDMA
cdma2000 (1X: 0,1)

GPRS
EDGE
GSM IS95B
PDC
TDMA (D-AMPS)
CDMA (cdmaOne / IS95A)

TACS
AMPS
NMT

4


Basic Mobile Network Elements

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3


Circuit-Switched Domain

MSC
Mobile Switching
Centre
• 64 kbps Switch
• GMSC is Gateway
• 99.999% Uptime
VLR
Visitor Location
Register
• Local Database
• One per MSC
• Subscription
Profile
• Location (Area)

6


Home Subscriber Server

EIR
Equipment ID
Register
• IMEI
• *#06#
• Blacklist
• Central EIR?

AUC
HLR Authentication
Home Location Centre
Register • Authenticates SIM
• IMSI • Keys for encryption
• Subscription Profile
• Location (MSC/VLR)

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4


Packet-Switched Domain

SGSN
Serving GPRS
Support Node
• Routing Function
• IP Traffic
• Local Database

GGSN
Gateway GPRS
Support Node
• Routing Function
• IP Traffic
• DNS
• Firewall
• DHCP

8


GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (2G)
(GERAN)

BTS = Base Transceiver Station
BSC = Base Station Controller

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5


UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (3G)
(UTRAN)

RNC = Radio Network Controller

10


Handovers

1 Mobile monitors serving and neighbour cell signals
2 Measurement report sent to BSC every 1/2 second
3 On reaching A , neighbour cell is assessed as the “better” cell to use
4 BSC instigates handover
5 New connection made via “neighbour” cell (new serving cell) and BSC
6 Old connection dropped

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Calls to a Mobile

12

IMS


7


IMS - Seamless Service Provisioning

IP Multimedia
Subsystem

GSM
GPRS

3G
IP Core Network
Access Technologies
Fixed
Line
WiFi
WiMax

• New subsystem
• Supports IP-based multimedia services (realtime and
non-realtime)
• Based on IETF standards and protocols (e.g. SIP & SDP)
• Fixed and Mobile Implementations
14


IMS – Operator Benefits

Operator Benefits
• New innovative services
– blended services
• Centralised control
• Scaleability
• Step towards all-IP networks
• Simplified Billing
• Reduced CAPEX and OPEX

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8


IMS – Operator Benefits

Frost & Sullivan, Jan 2008:

"The key factors propelling the carrier adoption of IMS
include:
- lower capital and operational expenditures,
- shorter new product introduction (NPI),
- flexibility in creating new 'combinational services’
- higher ARPU) due to the advent of new services.”

“Providing the capability to work with different
equipment manufacturers will be one of the main
challenges.”

16


IMS – Benefits to the User

User Benefits
• “New” Services
• Personalisation
• Access anywhere
• Security
• Blending of services
• Ease of use

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9


IMS – The Market?

May 2008 (from NXTComm)

“For now conversations with service providers,
equipment manufacturers and chip/board vendors
seem to show a long-awaited upturn in real-world
IMS deployments – though projects remain mostly
experimental and small-scale in nature.

Sources consistently pointed to 2006-2007 as the
low point for the IMS ‘hype cycle’, with carriers
finding it hard to justify the expense or complexity
of taking a wholesale plunge into IMS.”

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Fixed Access


10


Digital Subscriber Line Technology

• Limited by Distance
• Contention Ratios 1:20 to 1:50
• QoS Variable
• CLECs deploying own DSLAMs

20


FTTx – using fibre to deliver the services

FTTx = Fibre To The (Home, Premises, Cabinet,…)

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FTTx & Other Access: many combinations!

FTTx = Fibre To The (Home, Premises, Cabinet,…)

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WiMAX
What’s behind the hype?


12


WiMAX 802.16

Operates 2-11GHz frequency bands
Data rates up to 70Mbps depending on range
Range up to 30 miles
Better QoS support at MAC layer
More users can share a single radio channel (up to 100)
24


WiMAX as a Backhaul Solution

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13


Rural Broadband

26


WiMAX Suite of Standards (Evolution)

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14


WiMAX Usage Evolution

28


WiMAX vs Cellular Technologies
Cellular
• Wide area coverage
• Well established
• Huge vendor support for terminals
• Optimised for voice
• Low data rates
• Expensive deployment
WiMAX
• High Data Rates (broadband)
• Relatively low entry cost
• Not designed for voice
• Limited coverage
• Portable rather than mobile coverage
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15


WiMAX deployment:

- 300 Deployments in 118 countries (WiMAX Congress, Jun 08)

- South Korea and Pakistan have the largest deployments
of mobile WiMAX technology.
- (Korea's WiBro service - KT and SK Telecom - coverage
across metropolitan Seoul for more than 100,000 users).
- (Wateen in Pakistan recently ordered 198,000 802.16e
CPE from Motorola to offer nationwide fixed residential
and business services).
- The most talked about and anticipated network is Sprint's
Xohm service in the US (launched in Baltimore).

30


WiMAX deployment:

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Section 10:
Service Delivery and Supporting Systems
Provision, delivery and management of services



Intelligent Networks
Typical applications
Freephone
Premium Rate
Televoting
Prepaid services
Number portability
Ring Back Tones

33

17


Allowing 3rd Parties to Provide Services

API = Application Programming Interface
34


IMS - Seamless Service Provisioning

IP Multimedia
Subsystem

GSM
GPRS

3G
IP Core Network
Access Technologies
Fixed
Line
WiFi
WiMAX

• New subsystem
• Supports IP-based multimedia services (realtime and
non-realtime)
• Based on IETF standards and protocols (e.g. SIP & SDP)
• Fixed and Mobile Implementations
IMS = IP Multimedia Subsystem
35

18

TV – IP & Mobile



IP Television (IPTV)
Television delivered over a connection supporting the
Internet Protocol (IP), [note: not the same as Internet TV]
e.g. Video on Demand (VoD) via broadband

IPTV Features
– VoD
– Interactive TV (iTV)
– Private Video Recorders (PVRs)
– Quality of Service

Part of Multi-Play proposition

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19


IP Television Market?
Key players include: France Telecom, PCCW, Qwest,
Telefonica, Chunghwa Telecom.
India and China are registering sharp rises in broadband
subscriptions and, together with The Philippines, will join
South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore and Macao, in
the growing APAC marketplace.
The American market is expected to be the most
competitive IPTV market in the world, largely due to high
existing pay-TV penetration, stiff prices and service
competition.
IPTV subscribers worldwide are forecast to reach to 103
million in 2011. The Americas and Western Europe are
expected to be the biggest markets on revenue per user
basis.
38 (RNCOS, Feb 2008)


Mobile TV – what are the key issues?

Various network options
- Cellular
- Terrestrial broadcast
- Satellite broadcast
Spectrum allocation – waiting
for analogue TV switch-off on
different frequencies
Network rollout and handset
availability
Battery technology
Pricing models

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20


Mobile TV content
Content formatting
– Formatted-for-mobile
– ‘Ordinary’ live TV
– Clips
– ‘Mobisode’ versions

Consumption patterns
– Time of day
– Duration
Usage by genre
– Sports
– Reality TV shows
– Soaps, etc.

Usability
– User interface
– Screen size
– Battery life

How much will users be willing to pay?
– Pricing models
– Interactive services

40

Location


21


LBS Clients and Functionality
CLIENTS
• PLMN Operator
• Emergency Services
• Value-added Services
• Lawful Interception

QoS and FUNCTIONALITY
• QoS horizontal accuracy
vertical accuracy
response time
• Priority
• Timestamp
• Security
LBS = Location Based Services • Privacy
42


Location Based Services – Key Technologies

Source: 3GPP

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Support Service Provision
The key role of OSS and BSS



OSS & BSS in the network

OSS = Operational Support System
BSS = Business Support System
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The Creation of Call Detail Records

46


Billing Process

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24


Roaming Agreements and TAP

TAP = Transferred Account Procedure
48


Prepaid Billing

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25

NGOSS
The promise of “plug and play” support systems?



TeleManagement Forum (TMF)

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NGOSS – driving efficiency and reducing costs

Source: TMForum

NGOSS = New Generation Operations Systems and Software

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Telecoms Technology (As Presented)

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