The document discusses the history of the Telangana movement for statehood, which has existed since Indian independence over 60 years ago. It describes how Telangana was promised protections after being combined with Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh, but these were not upheld. Telangana faced discrimination and underdevelopment compared to coastal Andhra region. Despite electoral and legal efforts, Telangana's demands were suppressed. The document argues formation of a separate Telangana state is necessary to empower and uplift the historically marginalized region.
Why Telangana? Because..
Now, there is no integration - linguistic or social
Created Identity Crisis for people in Telangana
Lack of respect, acceptance or at least tolerance for language and culture of Telangana, instead, they hate without reason
Undue and continuous Diversion of Resources –water, funds, employment opportunities
Discrimination against – in education facilities, irrigation, employment etc.
The document discusses the proposed creation of Telangana state out of the existing Andhra Pradesh state. Key points:
- The Congress party announced plans to carve out Telangana as the 29th state of India with Hyderabad as a joint capital for 10 years.
- There is opposition from the Seemandhra region over issues like sharing of water resources, status of Hyderabad, and access to education and jobs.
- The Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh has written to the President and PM expressing concerns over the bifurcation process and demanding more consultation and consideration of stakeholders' views.
Professor Jayashankar : The demand for a separate telangana stateSujay Kumar
The document summarizes the history of the Telangana movement for a separate state from Andhra Pradesh. It notes that the States Reorganization Commission originally recommended Telangana be a separate state, but political manipulation led to it being merged with Andhra against people's wishes. Promises made to protect Telangana were broken, and the region suffered neglect and exploitation. Repeated attempts to remedy this through agreements and formulas failed because the root causes were not addressed. As a result, the demand for a separate Telangana state has persisted.
The document discusses the history of the Telangana region and its struggle for statehood separate from Andhra Pradesh. It summarizes the formation of Andhra Pradesh state in 1956 by merging Telangana and Andhra regions, despite objections from the SRC that the regions were unequal in development. It highlights the disparities that emerged between the Telangana and Andhra regions in terms of education, funding, and other resources in the decades following the merger. The document argues that Telangana's interests were not adequately protected after the formation of a unified Andhra Pradesh state.
The document discusses potential losses to the Seemandhra region as a result of the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh state. It outlines several areas where Seemandhra may be negatively impacted, such as loss of revenue, lack of a capital city and administrative institutions, smaller budget, impact on employees who must relocate, less access to water resources, and lack of national educational and research institutions compared to the new Telangana state. Solutions proposed include central government funding for development projects in Seemandhra to make up for these losses.
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
The document summarizes the history of the Telangana movement from 1948 to 2013. It discusses how Telangana was originally part of Hyderabad state, which was merged into India in 1948. There was disagreement over merging Telangana with Andhra, which occurred in 1956 to form Andhra Pradesh state. Protests began in 1969 over not implementing protections for Telangana. The demand for a separate Telangana state grew, with major protests from 1999-2012. In 2013, the Indian government approved splitting Andhra Pradesh to create Telangana as India's 29th state.
Class 7 -Political Science-Chapter 3-part 1-How the State Government Works Ramesh 4
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of MLAs and the state government in India. It explains that MLAs are elected representatives who belong to political parties. The party with the most MLAs becomes the ruling party and forms the government, selecting one of the MLAs as the Chief Minister. MLAs can question and debate the government's actions in the Legislative Assembly. The document also provides an example of MLAs debating issues like healthcare and sanitation in their constituencies.
Why Telangana? Because..
Now, there is no integration - linguistic or social
Created Identity Crisis for people in Telangana
Lack of respect, acceptance or at least tolerance for language and culture of Telangana, instead, they hate without reason
Undue and continuous Diversion of Resources –water, funds, employment opportunities
Discrimination against – in education facilities, irrigation, employment etc.
The document discusses the proposed creation of Telangana state out of the existing Andhra Pradesh state. Key points:
- The Congress party announced plans to carve out Telangana as the 29th state of India with Hyderabad as a joint capital for 10 years.
- There is opposition from the Seemandhra region over issues like sharing of water resources, status of Hyderabad, and access to education and jobs.
- The Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh has written to the President and PM expressing concerns over the bifurcation process and demanding more consultation and consideration of stakeholders' views.
Professor Jayashankar : The demand for a separate telangana stateSujay Kumar
The document summarizes the history of the Telangana movement for a separate state from Andhra Pradesh. It notes that the States Reorganization Commission originally recommended Telangana be a separate state, but political manipulation led to it being merged with Andhra against people's wishes. Promises made to protect Telangana were broken, and the region suffered neglect and exploitation. Repeated attempts to remedy this through agreements and formulas failed because the root causes were not addressed. As a result, the demand for a separate Telangana state has persisted.
The document discusses the history of the Telangana region and its struggle for statehood separate from Andhra Pradesh. It summarizes the formation of Andhra Pradesh state in 1956 by merging Telangana and Andhra regions, despite objections from the SRC that the regions were unequal in development. It highlights the disparities that emerged between the Telangana and Andhra regions in terms of education, funding, and other resources in the decades following the merger. The document argues that Telangana's interests were not adequately protected after the formation of a unified Andhra Pradesh state.
The document discusses potential losses to the Seemandhra region as a result of the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh state. It outlines several areas where Seemandhra may be negatively impacted, such as loss of revenue, lack of a capital city and administrative institutions, smaller budget, impact on employees who must relocate, less access to water resources, and lack of national educational and research institutions compared to the new Telangana state. Solutions proposed include central government funding for development projects in Seemandhra to make up for these losses.
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
The document summarizes the history of the Telangana movement from 1948 to 2013. It discusses how Telangana was originally part of Hyderabad state, which was merged into India in 1948. There was disagreement over merging Telangana with Andhra, which occurred in 1956 to form Andhra Pradesh state. Protests began in 1969 over not implementing protections for Telangana. The demand for a separate Telangana state grew, with major protests from 1999-2012. In 2013, the Indian government approved splitting Andhra Pradesh to create Telangana as India's 29th state.
Class 7 -Political Science-Chapter 3-part 1-How the State Government Works Ramesh 4
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of MLAs and the state government in India. It explains that MLAs are elected representatives who belong to political parties. The party with the most MLAs becomes the ruling party and forms the government, selecting one of the MLAs as the Chief Minister. MLAs can question and debate the government's actions in the Legislative Assembly. The document also provides an example of MLAs debating issues like healthcare and sanitation in their constituencies.
Class 7 -Political Science-Chapter 3-part 1-How the State Government Works Ramesh 4
The document discusses the roles of MLAs and state government in India. It explains that MLAs are elected representatives for local constituencies, and the party with the majority of MLAs forms the ruling government. The chief minister is selected from the ruling party's MLAs and appoints other ministers. MLAs belong to different parties and some have dual roles as legislators and ministers. The governor oversees that the state government follows constitutional rules.
The document provides information about democracy and the parliamentary system in India. It discusses that the take-off point for democracy is the desire, approval and participation of people. It then describes the structure and functions of the Indian Parliament, which consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The key points are:
1) Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people for five years, while Rajya Sabha members are elected indirectly by state assemblies for six years.
2) The Parliament acts as the supreme law-making body and also controls and guides the government through questions during sessions.
3) The opposition plays an important role in highlighting shortcomings in government policies and establishing alternatives.
The document discusses how major policy decisions are taken in India. It describes how the Mandal Commission recommended 27% reservation for socially and educationally backward classes in government jobs. The Janata Dal party promised to implement this in its election manifesto. After becoming prime minister, V.P. Singh announced the cabinet's decision to implement the recommendation. This led to widespread debate and legal challenges in the Supreme Court. The document also summarizes the roles of key institutions like the Prime Minister, Cabinet, Parliament, and civil services in the decision making process and governance of the country.
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?Navya Rai
The document discusses the importance and functions of the Parliament in India. It explains that a democratic government is run by the consent of the people, who elect representatives to Parliament. The Parliament then selects the national government, controls and guides it by asking questions and approving finances. Parliament is also responsible for law-making, with different types of bills going through several reading and approval stages. In addition, the document outlines the roles of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and how Parliament aims to represent all people in India.
The document discusses the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 and their impact on India. It provides background on the reforms, which increased representation in the legislative councils but introduced separate electorates for Muslims. This helped the Muslim League but divided the nationalist movement. The reforms were rejected by Congress as inadequate and for strengthening communal divisions. Key defects included nominal representation and British control remaining intact. The Muslim League welcomed the reforms as it fulfilled their demand for separate electorates.
The Republic of India has a population of over 1.2 billion people and is the largest democracy in the world. New Delhi serves as the capital city. India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic government consisting of 29 states and 7 union territories. Key aspects of the government include the bicameral Parliament composed of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, the executive branch led by the Prime Minister, and an independent judiciary system headed by the Supreme Court.
This document summarizes the key functions and roles of the Indian Parliament as outlined in an NCERT civics textbook. It explains that Parliament was established to give citizens a voice in decision-making after independence from British rule. The two houses of Parliament, the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, select the national government, provide oversight of the executive branch, and perform the crucial role of lawmaking. Members of Parliament represent various constituencies and backgrounds across India.
This document provides information about how state governments work in India. It explains that MLAs are elected representatives who become members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The political party with a majority of seats in the Assembly can form the ruling government. The Chief Minister is elected by MLAs from the ruling party and appoints other MLAs as ministers. The Chief Minister and ministers are responsible for running government ministries and implementing decisions approved by the Legislative Assembly.
Class 8 chapter 3 Why do we need a parliament? Civics SST Extra questions wit...alwayshelp
this is a word document of class 8 chapter 3 why do we need a parliament? Civics SST Extra questions and answers.
Hope you will find it helpful.
This Document is made by Aayushe class 8
Thankyou
There are five types of political institutions in India: the President, the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Judiciary, and the Civil Service. The President is the nominal executive who is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is elected by the party or coalition that wins a majority in the Lok Sabha. The Parliament makes laws and oversees the government. The independent Judiciary interprets laws and protects fundamental rights. The Civil Service administers governance and implements government policies.
Parliament is the supreme legislative body in India, composed of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. It has the authority to make laws and control the government and its spending. The executive branch implements policies and makes day-to-day decisions through various functionaries. The judiciary administers common law and settles disputes between citizens, citizens and government, and different levels of government, with the Supreme Court's decisions binding to all courts in India. These three institutions - Parliament, executive, and judiciary - work together in a system of checks and balances to govern India as outlined in its Constitution.
The document discusses the key characteristics and functions of political parties in India. It defines a political party as a group united on basic issues that seeks to gain power through democratic means such as elections. Parties must have certain aims, follow rules, and work through constitutional means for the national interest. The document outlines the recognition process and rights guaranteed to political parties. It describes the role of parties in linking the people to the government through activities like public meetings. Key functions of parties include participating in elections, selecting candidates, campaigning, and acting as an opposition. The document provides overviews of major national parties in India like INC, BJP, CPI, CPI(M), BSP, as well as some regional parties and their
This document provides an overview of elections in India. It discusses what elections are, why they are important in a democracy, and what makes elections democratic. It then describes key aspects of India's electoral system, including how constituencies are divided, the role of the Independent Election Commission, and challenges to free and fair elections. While elections in India are generally free and fair, there are still limitations around money influence, criminal candidates, and lack of choice between major parties.
working of institution for class 9th . it contains information regarding the chapter of civics of class 9 WORKING OF INSTITUTION . download it now and animation of all slides is there , hope u like it
The document summarizes key aspects of electoral politics and government in India. It describes India as a federal parliamentary republic with 28 states and 7 union territories. Power is shared between the central and state governments, though the central government maintains control over key areas like defense, foreign policy, taxation, and economic planning. It also outlines the structure of India's parliamentary democracy, with the Lok Sabha (lower house) and Rajya Sabha (upper house) comprising the bicameral parliament. The leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha becomes the Prime Minister.
The document provides information about the governments and politics of Bangladesh and Nepal. For Bangladesh, it summarizes the constitutional name, population statistics, government structure including the presidency, legislature, judiciary, and local administration. It also discusses the ruling and opposition political parties and the election system. For Nepal, it summarizes the official name, government type, and administrative divisions. It discusses the history of administrative systems from the Shah regime to the current system and provides information on the presidency, provinces, and election systems for both local and national levels.
The document discusses the roles and functions of key institutions in India's parliamentary democracy:
1) In 1990, the Indian government issued an order reserving 27% of government jobs for socially and educationally backward classes. This was challenged but upheld by the Supreme Court.
2) Major decisions in India are shaped by parliamentary discussions and require the support of the Lok Sabha. The prime minister and cabinet exercise executive power on behalf of the people.
3) The president is the head of state and appoints the prime minister and other officials, but exercises power only on the advice of the council of ministers. The independent judiciary interprets laws and settles disputes.
The document discusses the roles and functions of state governments in India, explaining that states are responsible for governing their populations and MLAs represent local constituencies, with the party with the most MLAs able to form the ruling government and select the chief minister and ministers. It also describes how citizens can engage with their government through debates in the legislative assembly, press conferences, and petitions to demand action on issues.
Chapter - 4, Electoral Politics, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
This document summarizes different types of elections in India including central, state, and local elections. It discusses the following:
- Central elections include elections for the Lok Sabha (Lower House) which has a 5-year term and the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) which has a 6-year term.
- State elections include elections for the Vidhan Sabha (State Assembly) and Vidhan Parishad (State Legislative Council).
- Local elections take place in urban and rural areas and include positions like Mayor, Chairman, and Sarpanch.
- The Election Commission of India regulates all elections in the country by preparing voter lists, announcing dates, and ensuring free and fair polls.
This document provides 17 instructions for living a good, honorable life including taking risks, learning from mistakes, spending time alone, being gentle with the earth, and remembering that the best relationships are those where love exceeds need. It claims that forwarding the message to others within 96 hours will improve one's life, with more forwards resulting in more improvements and surprises.
The document presents a series of statements where a person expresses doubts or difficulties, and God's response offering guidance, strength, forgiveness and love. It aims to reassure the reader that no matter what they are facing, God is there to help direct their path and give them rest. It concludes by encouraging the reader to adopt the Islamic path and read the Quran to know more of what God wants to tell them.
Class 7 -Political Science-Chapter 3-part 1-How the State Government Works Ramesh 4
The document discusses the roles of MLAs and state government in India. It explains that MLAs are elected representatives for local constituencies, and the party with the majority of MLAs forms the ruling government. The chief minister is selected from the ruling party's MLAs and appoints other ministers. MLAs belong to different parties and some have dual roles as legislators and ministers. The governor oversees that the state government follows constitutional rules.
The document provides information about democracy and the parliamentary system in India. It discusses that the take-off point for democracy is the desire, approval and participation of people. It then describes the structure and functions of the Indian Parliament, which consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The key points are:
1) Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people for five years, while Rajya Sabha members are elected indirectly by state assemblies for six years.
2) The Parliament acts as the supreme law-making body and also controls and guides the government through questions during sessions.
3) The opposition plays an important role in highlighting shortcomings in government policies and establishing alternatives.
The document discusses how major policy decisions are taken in India. It describes how the Mandal Commission recommended 27% reservation for socially and educationally backward classes in government jobs. The Janata Dal party promised to implement this in its election manifesto. After becoming prime minister, V.P. Singh announced the cabinet's decision to implement the recommendation. This led to widespread debate and legal challenges in the Supreme Court. The document also summarizes the roles of key institutions like the Prime Minister, Cabinet, Parliament, and civil services in the decision making process and governance of the country.
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?Navya Rai
The document discusses the importance and functions of the Parliament in India. It explains that a democratic government is run by the consent of the people, who elect representatives to Parliament. The Parliament then selects the national government, controls and guides it by asking questions and approving finances. Parliament is also responsible for law-making, with different types of bills going through several reading and approval stages. In addition, the document outlines the roles of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and how Parliament aims to represent all people in India.
The document discusses the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 and their impact on India. It provides background on the reforms, which increased representation in the legislative councils but introduced separate electorates for Muslims. This helped the Muslim League but divided the nationalist movement. The reforms were rejected by Congress as inadequate and for strengthening communal divisions. Key defects included nominal representation and British control remaining intact. The Muslim League welcomed the reforms as it fulfilled their demand for separate electorates.
The Republic of India has a population of over 1.2 billion people and is the largest democracy in the world. New Delhi serves as the capital city. India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic government consisting of 29 states and 7 union territories. Key aspects of the government include the bicameral Parliament composed of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, the executive branch led by the Prime Minister, and an independent judiciary system headed by the Supreme Court.
This document summarizes the key functions and roles of the Indian Parliament as outlined in an NCERT civics textbook. It explains that Parliament was established to give citizens a voice in decision-making after independence from British rule. The two houses of Parliament, the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, select the national government, provide oversight of the executive branch, and perform the crucial role of lawmaking. Members of Parliament represent various constituencies and backgrounds across India.
This document provides information about how state governments work in India. It explains that MLAs are elected representatives who become members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The political party with a majority of seats in the Assembly can form the ruling government. The Chief Minister is elected by MLAs from the ruling party and appoints other MLAs as ministers. The Chief Minister and ministers are responsible for running government ministries and implementing decisions approved by the Legislative Assembly.
Class 8 chapter 3 Why do we need a parliament? Civics SST Extra questions wit...alwayshelp
this is a word document of class 8 chapter 3 why do we need a parliament? Civics SST Extra questions and answers.
Hope you will find it helpful.
This Document is made by Aayushe class 8
Thankyou
There are five types of political institutions in India: the President, the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Judiciary, and the Civil Service. The President is the nominal executive who is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is elected by the party or coalition that wins a majority in the Lok Sabha. The Parliament makes laws and oversees the government. The independent Judiciary interprets laws and protects fundamental rights. The Civil Service administers governance and implements government policies.
Parliament is the supreme legislative body in India, composed of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. It has the authority to make laws and control the government and its spending. The executive branch implements policies and makes day-to-day decisions through various functionaries. The judiciary administers common law and settles disputes between citizens, citizens and government, and different levels of government, with the Supreme Court's decisions binding to all courts in India. These three institutions - Parliament, executive, and judiciary - work together in a system of checks and balances to govern India as outlined in its Constitution.
The document discusses the key characteristics and functions of political parties in India. It defines a political party as a group united on basic issues that seeks to gain power through democratic means such as elections. Parties must have certain aims, follow rules, and work through constitutional means for the national interest. The document outlines the recognition process and rights guaranteed to political parties. It describes the role of parties in linking the people to the government through activities like public meetings. Key functions of parties include participating in elections, selecting candidates, campaigning, and acting as an opposition. The document provides overviews of major national parties in India like INC, BJP, CPI, CPI(M), BSP, as well as some regional parties and their
This document provides an overview of elections in India. It discusses what elections are, why they are important in a democracy, and what makes elections democratic. It then describes key aspects of India's electoral system, including how constituencies are divided, the role of the Independent Election Commission, and challenges to free and fair elections. While elections in India are generally free and fair, there are still limitations around money influence, criminal candidates, and lack of choice between major parties.
working of institution for class 9th . it contains information regarding the chapter of civics of class 9 WORKING OF INSTITUTION . download it now and animation of all slides is there , hope u like it
The document summarizes key aspects of electoral politics and government in India. It describes India as a federal parliamentary republic with 28 states and 7 union territories. Power is shared between the central and state governments, though the central government maintains control over key areas like defense, foreign policy, taxation, and economic planning. It also outlines the structure of India's parliamentary democracy, with the Lok Sabha (lower house) and Rajya Sabha (upper house) comprising the bicameral parliament. The leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha becomes the Prime Minister.
The document provides information about the governments and politics of Bangladesh and Nepal. For Bangladesh, it summarizes the constitutional name, population statistics, government structure including the presidency, legislature, judiciary, and local administration. It also discusses the ruling and opposition political parties and the election system. For Nepal, it summarizes the official name, government type, and administrative divisions. It discusses the history of administrative systems from the Shah regime to the current system and provides information on the presidency, provinces, and election systems for both local and national levels.
The document discusses the roles and functions of key institutions in India's parliamentary democracy:
1) In 1990, the Indian government issued an order reserving 27% of government jobs for socially and educationally backward classes. This was challenged but upheld by the Supreme Court.
2) Major decisions in India are shaped by parliamentary discussions and require the support of the Lok Sabha. The prime minister and cabinet exercise executive power on behalf of the people.
3) The president is the head of state and appoints the prime minister and other officials, but exercises power only on the advice of the council of ministers. The independent judiciary interprets laws and settles disputes.
The document discusses the roles and functions of state governments in India, explaining that states are responsible for governing their populations and MLAs represent local constituencies, with the party with the most MLAs able to form the ruling government and select the chief minister and ministers. It also describes how citizens can engage with their government through debates in the legislative assembly, press conferences, and petitions to demand action on issues.
Chapter - 4, Electoral Politics, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
This document summarizes different types of elections in India including central, state, and local elections. It discusses the following:
- Central elections include elections for the Lok Sabha (Lower House) which has a 5-year term and the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) which has a 6-year term.
- State elections include elections for the Vidhan Sabha (State Assembly) and Vidhan Parishad (State Legislative Council).
- Local elections take place in urban and rural areas and include positions like Mayor, Chairman, and Sarpanch.
- The Election Commission of India regulates all elections in the country by preparing voter lists, announcing dates, and ensuring free and fair polls.
This document provides 17 instructions for living a good, honorable life including taking risks, learning from mistakes, spending time alone, being gentle with the earth, and remembering that the best relationships are those where love exceeds need. It claims that forwarding the message to others within 96 hours will improve one's life, with more forwards resulting in more improvements and surprises.
The document presents a series of statements where a person expresses doubts or difficulties, and God's response offering guidance, strength, forgiveness and love. It aims to reassure the reader that no matter what they are facing, God is there to help direct their path and give them rest. It concludes by encouraging the reader to adopt the Islamic path and read the Quran to know more of what God wants to tell them.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Stress is defined as the body's non-specific response to any demand placed upon it. During a stress reaction, the body experiences increased heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, muscle tension and perspiration as well as heightened mental alertness and blood flow to the brain and muscles. Stress can come from a variety of sources including environmental factors, social pressures, major life events, and daily hassles. Reducing stress involves maintaining a balance through activities like exercise, relaxation, time management and healthy habits.
The document discusses the history of the Telangana region and its struggle for statehood separate from Andhra Pradesh. It summarizes the formation of Andhra Pradesh state in 1956 by merging Telangana and Andhra regions, despite objections from the SRC that the regions were unequal in development. It highlights the disparities that emerged between the Telangana and Andhra regions in terms of education, funding, and other resources in the decades following the merger. The document argues that Telangana's interests were not adequately represented or protected after the formation of a unified Andhra Pradesh state.
The document discusses the history of the Telangana region and its struggle for statehood separate from Andhra Pradesh. It summarizes the formation of Andhra Pradesh state in 1956 by merging Telangana and Andhra regions, despite objections from the SRC that the regions were unequal in development. It highlights the disparities that emerged between the Telangana and Andhra regions in terms of education, funding, and other resources in the decades following the merger. The document argues that Telangana's interests were not adequately protected after the formation of a unified Andhra Pradesh state.
The document discusses the history of the Telangana region and its struggle for statehood separate from Andhra Pradesh. It summarizes the formation of Andhra Pradesh state in 1956 by merging Telangana and Andhra regions, despite objections from the SRC that the regions were unequal in development. It highlights the disparities that emerged between the Telangana and Andhra regions in terms of education, funding, and other resources in the decades following the merger. The document argues that Telangana's interests were not adequately protected after the formation of a unified Andhra Pradesh state.
This document summarizes the history of the Telangana movement for a separate state from Andhra Pradesh. It discusses how the States Reorganization Commission originally recommended Telangana be a separate state, but Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1956 against their recommendation and against the wishes of Telangana people. Since then, Telangana has faced neglect, exploitation, and been denied its fair share of resources like river waters for irrigation, leading to continued unrest and demands for separate statehood.
This document discusses the history of the Telangana region and its struggle for statehood separate from Andhra Pradesh. It details how Telangana was merged with the Andhra region in 1956 over the objections of some leaders and people. Since then, Telangana has faced unequal development and loss of resources to the other regions in Andhra Pradesh. The document argues that Telangana's interests have not been properly represented within the unified state and calls for the creation of a separate Telangana state to allow the region to better control its own development and utilize its assets.
The document is a submission made to the Committee for Consultations on the Situation in Andhra Pradesh regarding the demand for a separate Telangana state. It provides detailed notes in four volumes on the historical, economic, social, political and cultural aspects of the demand. It argues that the merger of Telangana and Andhra was against the wishes of the people and conditional safeguards were not honored. As a result, the people of Telangana have faced exploitation, neglect, injustice and been deprived of their rights and fair development. The document urges the committee to consider the multi-dimensional nature of the demand for a separate Telangana state.
The document summarizes the history of the Telangana movement for statehood in India. It discusses how Telangana was merged with Andhra Pradesh in 1956 under a "Gentleman's Agreement" that aimed to protect Telangana's interests, but this agreement was not properly implemented. As a result, Telangana faced uneven development compared to coastal Andhra and felt its resources were disproportionately benefiting other regions. This led to a renewed movement for statehood in the 1960s and 1970s through protests, strikes, and hunger strikes. A separate Telangana state was finally achieved in 2014 after decades of struggle over issues of water, funds, and employment opportunities.
The document summarizes the history of the Telangana movement for statehood in India. It describes how Telangana was merged with Andhra Pradesh in 1956 under a "Gentleman's Agreement" that aimed to protect Telangana's resources and opportunities. However, the agreement was not properly implemented, leading to widespread protests in 1969 that left 370 people dead. The central government proposed an eight-point plan but it did not satisfy demands for separate statehood. The long struggle ultimately led to Telangana becoming India's 29th state in 2014.
The document summarizes the history of the Telangana statehood movement in India. It discusses how the Telangana region was merged with Andhra region to form the state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956 under a "Gentleman's Agreement" that guaranteed certain protections for Telangana. However, the agreement was not properly implemented, leading to widespread protests and agitation in Telangana in 1969 demanding statehood. The central government proposed an eight-point plan to resolve the issue, but it did not fully satisfy the protesters. A counter movement also emerged in coastal Andhra region against separate Telangana. Ultimately, the central government withdrew the key protections for Telangana in 1973, fueling further demands for separate statehood.
The document is about the need for a parliament in India. It discusses how the parliament enables citizen participation in decision making and helps control the government, making it an important symbol of Indian democracy. It notes that people struggled for a long time against British rule to gain independence and the right to participate in their governance. The constitution of independent India established the principle of universal adult franchise, allowing citizens to elect representatives to parliament. The parliament, made up of these representatives, then forms the government and guides/controls it, expressing the will of the people. It has two houses, the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and plays a key role in India's democratic system.
The document discusses the arguments for and against creating smaller states in India from larger existing states. It provides examples of states like Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh that were carved out of larger states in 2000 and have since experienced much faster economic growth than the original states they were part of. Supporters argue that smaller states allow for better governance and ensure resources are not diverted away from local areas. However, some oppose this saying smaller states will not be economically viable. Overall the document examines the economic performance of states formed in the last reorganization and argues there is a strong case for creating more and smaller states in India.
Regionalism focuses on the interests of a particular region. When India gained independence, states were formed along linguistic lines but this ignored minority languages. Over time, demands for separate statehood arose in different parts of India and some new states have been created in response, including Telangana in 2014. The creation of Telangana was controversial, with some political parties supporting it and others opposing the division of Andhra Pradesh. There have also been demands for Gorkhaland as a separate state for the Gorkha people in parts of West Bengal. Regionalism in India reflects a lack of recognition of ethnic groups by the central government and demands for more regional autonomy.
Rahul Gandhi: Telangana state is a reality because of CongressRahul Gandhi
Mehbubnagar: Congress Vice President Rahul Gandhi struck an emotional chord with the people of Telangana as he addressed a mammoth election rally at Mehbubnagar in Andhra Pradesh.
STRUGGLE OF PEOPLE IN NEPAL FOR RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATIONJoshua Castro
Nepal has a long history of struggle for self-determination and democracy. Various ethnic groups like the Magars fought British colonial rule. The Maoist insurgency and protests by marginalized groups like indigenous peoples and Madhesis led to the abolition of the monarchy in 2008. The newly formed Constituent Assembly aims to address demands for autonomy, representation and rights for indigenous and minority groups in drafting a new constitution, but faces challenges from internal political differences and foreign intervention.
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News report on conflict of sri lanka wei xuan 36Xander Wei Xuan
The document summarizes the history of ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil minority. It began under British rule and was exacerbated after independence by policies that privileged Sinhalese like making Sinhala the official language and imposing quotas that limited Tamil university enrollment. This caused resentment among Tamils and led to the formation of militant groups like the LTTE who used violence in fighting for an independent Tamil state, plunging the country into decades of civil war. The conflict attracted intervention from neighboring India in attempts to broker peace, but this failed to stop the fighting and may have intensified the armed struggle.
In this chapter we ask some basic questions about the constitutional design of a democracy. Why do we need a constitution? How are the constitutions drawn up? Who designs them and in what way? What are the values that shape the constitutions in democratic states? Once a constitution is accepted, can we make changes later as required by the changing conditions?
One recent instance of designing constitution for a democratic state is that of the South Africa. We begin this chapter by looking at what happened there and how the South Africans went about this task of designing their constitution. Then we turn to how the Indian Constitution was made, what its foundational values are, and how it provides a good framework for the conduct of citizens’ life and that of the government.
This document contains 67 multiple choice questions with answers related to various topics including Indian history, geography, literature, sports and more. Some sample questions are:
- India's first international biosphere reserve is called what?
- The Park was created to protect its Keystone species, the Nilgiri Tahr. As a part of Western Ghats it is a part of the UNESCO world heritage site. Name the park
- Name the accomplished eldest daughter of Emperor Shah Jahan under whose instruction Chandni Chowk was constructed?
India has made progress stabilizing forest cover but still faces issues of degradation. Degradation impacts livelihoods of millions and is linked to lack of community forest rights. Key drivers are demand-supply gaps of forest products, encroachments, shifting cultivation, fires, and forest diversion. Underlying causes include population growth, poverty, and skewed development that has displaced people from village commons without compensation, putting pressure on forests. India's past forest policies prioritized exploitation over local community needs. Assessing India's readiness for REDD+ requires examining policies, tenure, cross-sector links, institutions, and technical capacity.
The document summarizes the rise and decline of the economy of Bengal. It discusses how Bengal developed a wealthy economy in the pre-colonial period due to fertile land and development of agriculture, industry and trade. Agriculture flourished with rice as the staple crop and irrigation canals. Industries like textiles (famous muslin), sugar and metal works developed. International trade brought wealth from exports like textiles, spices and pearls. However, the economy declined from the mid-18th century with the onset of British colonialism, which exploited Bengal's resources and wealth for profits.
This document provides an overview of a research project examining the political economy of the bauxite mining industry in tribal areas of central India. It outlines the research context, conceptual framework, research questions, methodology, and timeline. Specifically, the research will focus on the states of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa, comparing how their governance and policies affect outcomes for tribal communities living near bauxite mines and processing plants. Key concepts to be analyzed include land rights, the mineral industry, economic reforms, resource governance, and the potential "resource curse" faced by tribal groups from increased mining. The research aims to understand how state governments balance priorities around private investment, tribal welfare, and environmental protection regarding the rapidly expanding bauxite sector.
This document provides guidelines for planning site reconnaissance and detailed field investigations for small hydroelectric projects. It recommends establishing a survey control network and conducting topographic surveys, geological investigations, and materials searches. Topographic surveys should map reservoirs, structures, waterways, and infrastructure. Geological investigations should identify subsurface conditions through test pits, trenches, and samples. These investigations provide essential data for design and cost estimates.
This document discusses a study on occupational stress and health among teacher educators. The study aimed to examine the level of occupational stress experienced by teacher educators in relation to their gender and marital status, and the relationship between occupational stress and health. The study found that teacher educators experienced moderate levels of occupational stress on average. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in occupational stress levels based on gender and marital status of teacher educators. A positive correlation was also found between occupational stress and health problems among teacher educators.
This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cow urine and its distillate. The cow urine and distillate were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals using two in vitro assays and for their antimicrobial activity against several microbes. The results showed that both the cow urine and its distillate exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the growth of microbes. The fresh cow urine demonstrated stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial effects compared to its distillate. These findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of cow urine as a medicine in India.
This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cow urine and its distillate. The cow urine and distillate were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals using two in vitro assays and for their antimicrobial activity against several microbes. The results showed that both the cow urine and its distillate exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the growth of microbes. The fresh cow urine demonstrated stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial effects compared to its distillate. These findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of cow urine as a medicine in India.
This document summarizes an article on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in India. It discusses that while CSR has been practiced for decades by some Indian companies, it remains in a developing stage overall in India. It faces issues like a lack of understanding, insufficiently trained personnel, limited coverage, and superficial promotion. The document then examines the current state of CSR in India, how companies approach it, and partnerships with NGOs. It outlines the objectives and research methodology of studying CSR issues and challenges in India. Key challenges identified include difficulties making a business case for CSR and integrating it into company values and practices. The document concludes by stating that CSR is an opportunity rather than a peripheral issue for businesses in India.
This study analyzes spatial and temporal variations in wet periods over major river basins in India from 1951-2007. It defines five wet periods contributing different percentages to annual rainfall and examines characteristics like starting date, duration and rainfall intensity. It finds the 10% wet period typically occurs in July/August with 1-3 days duration and 44-89 mm/day rainfall. The 90% wet period lasts 112-186 days depending on location. Some central Indian basins saw increased rainfall intensity. Late starts of wet periods along the west coast correlated with warm Pacific Ocean temperatures several months prior.
This document discusses the identification of the Rigvedic river Raså. It considers various scholarly views that have identified Raså with rivers as far apart as the Tigris, Narmada, and others. However, the author argues that none of these identifications are supported by clear evidence.
The author then analyzes clues from Rigvedic hymns to determine the location of Raså. Based on descriptions of the terrain, flooding patterns, and presence of horses, the author concludes that Raså can best be identified with the Rakshån river in Balochistan. The author also examines evidence for the presence of Rigvedic tribes like the Pañis in the region, supporting this identification of Ras
This document summarizes a study assessing the water quality index of the Ramganga River in western Uttar Pradesh, India using a computer program. Water samples were taken from 6 stations along the river from 2005-2008 and tested for 8 physicochemical parameters. A rating scale from 0-100 was used to classify the pollution level from each parameter at each station. The water quality index was calculated based on these ratings to determine the overall pollution level. Upstream stations from SS1-SS4 had slight to permissible pollution while downstream stations SS5-SS6 were severely to moderately polluted due to effluent from nearby sugar and electroplating industries. A computer program was created to rapidly calculate the water quality index and classify
This document summarizes the early history of Chinese settlement in Batavia (now Jakarta) in the 17th century. It discusses how the Dutch East India Company, led by Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen, forcibly brought Chinese men, women and children to Batavia to populate the city and support the Company's economic activities. The Chinese played an important role in Batavia's development as merchants, farmers and craftspeople. A system of ethnic community leadership, with a headman called a "captain," was implemented to govern the growing Chinese population. Over time Batavia became an important center of Chinese settlement in the Dutch East Indies.
01. india's river linking project state of the debate- shah et alRavi Naid Gorle
This document discusses India's proposed inter-linking of rivers project in three paragraphs:
1) It provides background on the long-discussed idea of linking water-surplus Himalayan rivers with water-scarce regions in western and peninsular India. The project is now being debated in detail as a mega-project, but faces opposition over environmental and social costs.
2) It then outlines the history of proposals to link India's rivers dating back to the 19th century. Most recently, the Supreme Court ordered the project be completed by 2016, though the timeline was impossible. The project now has uncertain support under the new government.
3) It concludes by noting that while India has hesitated
This document contains a general knowledge capsule with 70 multiple choice questions related to geography, science, history and miscellaneous topics. The questions cover topics such as Indian states and their boundaries, physical features of India like rivers and mountain ranges, natural resources and industries, environmental issues, world geography, and basic science concepts.
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1) The study compared three cow-calf production systems using simulation: a straightbred Nelore system, a system with Nelore cows producing Angus x Nelore calves, and a system with Gir cows producing Holstein x Gir calves.
2) In the base simulation, the Holstein x Gir system had the highest annual economic return at 10.84% compared to 5.21% for the Nelore system and 5.81% for the Angus x Nelore system.
3) Sensitivity analysis found that reducing the price of Holstein x Gir heifers such that it was only 1.2 times the beef calf price eliminated the economic superiority of the Holstein x Gir system over the other two
This document provides an overview and editorial for The Indigenous World 2010 publication. It summarizes some of the key developments and issues impacting indigenous peoples in 2009, as reported in the publication's country reports. These include Greenland gaining greater autonomy from Denmark and Bolivia approving a new constitution recognizing indigenous rights. However, it also notes ongoing threats to indigenous lands, rights, and cultures from large-scale development projects, climate change impacts, criminalization of protests, and failure to implement laws protecting indigenous peoples. The editorial frames these as ongoing struggles between indigenous self-determination and development aggression. It highlights the importance of mechanisms like the UNDRIP and ILO 169 in advocating for indigenous rights.
This document is the Reserve Bank of India's annual report on trends and progress in banking in India for the year ending June 30, 2011. Some key points:
- It provides an overview of developments in the Indian banking sector as well as global banking trends.
- It discusses the policy environment in India, including monetary policy, credit delivery, financial inclusion, and prudential regulatory policies.
- It analyzes the operations and performance of commercial banks in India, including their balance sheets, financial results, asset quality, lending patterns, and technological developments.
- It also covers cooperative banking and non-banking financial institutions.
- The report is submitted to the Central Government of India as required
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..:: Telangana Assembly ::..
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oped by Freelance Journalist Sunil Babu Kolanpaka...
Why Telangana
The Case for Telangana
The people of Telangana have fought for creation of a new state for themselves for nearly 60 years now. This legitimate fight for creation of a new
state with Hyderabad as its capital, within the legal confines of Indian Constitution, has had a voice since the time of Indian Independence.
In 1948, right after Indian Independence, the Indian Army entered the region to liberate the people of Telangana as part of Hyderabad State from the
Nizam Rule. The newly formed Hyderabad State was a distinct entity in Indian Union and had its elections in 1953 prior to the formation of Andhra
Pradesh in 1956.
Meanwhile, another region next to Telangana, called Andhra, was keen on fighting for a separate state for its people away from Tamil people..
Fearing that most of the newly created jobs and opportunities would be taken up by Tamils since Tamils were more educated and had access to
opportunities, and also citing the reasons that Andhras would not be well represented in Tamil dominated Madras Presidency, Andhra people started
a protest. Potti Sriramulu of Andhra region went on a hunger strike in Madras for 58 days and died fighting for creation of a separate state out of
Madras Presidency called Andhra State with Madras as its capital.
After his death, the Central Government in New Delhi conceded to his first demand, that of creation of Andhra State, but it rejected his other demand.
Madras became capital of new Tamil State instead of Andhra State. Contrary to the widely spread misconception, Potti Sriramulu fought for political
aspirations of Andhra people of Madras Presidency, not the Telangana people of Hyderabad State.
The Andhra People having lost Madras to Tamils looked for an alternative city for its capital and eyed the glorious city of Hyderabad. Using the slogan
that Telugu is the binding factor for both the regions, they renewed their fight to include Telangana into their new dream of Vishalandhra. The People
of Telangana had a different opinion - they didn't think it was a wise move. Telangana people were educated in Urdu under Nizam while the Andhra
people were educated in Telugu and English under British. The new opportunities clearly gave preference to English and Telugu in the new India.
During 1948-1952, though Hyderabad was a different state ruled by civil and administrators, there was heavy influx of Andhra peopleinto Telangana
to take up newly opening positions in the new India. Hyderabad city saw thefirst waves of protests against joining Andhra Pradesh in 1956.
But the prevailing mood in the country was already set for creation of states along linguistic lines. Potti Sri Ramulu's death and Andhra people's
demand for creation of a state on linguistic basis led to creation of First State Reorganization Committee (SRC) in India. Though Nehru was averse to
this idea, many new states got formed in India on the basis of language. Kerala and Karnataka got formed immediately. Telangana was clubbed with
Andhra State to form new Andhra Pradesh though Fazal Ali of First SRC clearly expressed reservations against clubbing together the two regions that
were unequal partners. In his recommendations he went on to say that Telangana could stay as separate state if the union of these regions did not
work out.
To protect the interest of Telangana, that was recognized by everyone as one of the most backward and illiterate regions, where bonded labor and
zamindari system was rampant, many 'Gentleman's Agreement' promises were made by leaders of Andhra to ensure that the new opportunities in
Telangana go to Telangana people. Actually, there was already a system in place to take care of such representations - called Mulki - which was
practiced by erstwhile Nizam who had three regions under him - Telangana, Kannada and Marathi. These rules allowed certain portions of jobs to be
given people of that region only. The agreements between Andhra and Telangana leaders included following Mulki rules in the new state.
Unfortunately for Telangana people, all the clauses of these Gentleman's Agreements were immediately flouted. Illegally, thousands of Andhra people
were given top jobs in Telangana region. This resulted in mass migration when these top honchos coming from Andhra started to fill other positions
with their kith and kin flouting all the guidelines that were established and agreed upon. In fact, any observer will notice that millions of Andhra
people have migrated to Telangana region, while negligible Telangana people have migrated to Andhra region.
The fact that Telangana voted a minority and opposition Communist parties during this time to the State Assembly against the majority and ruling
Congress party of Andhra didn't help Telangana cause. With Indira Gandhi in power, the states became puppets and Congress became all-powerful.
Dissident causes were suppressed ruthlessly. When the SR Act of 1956 were clearly violated by Andhras, Telangana people launched an agitation in
1969 demanding a separate state. It was overwhelmingly crushed by Indira Gandhi who had no mood for creating new states. Thousands were
rrested and put in jail while 350 people protestors were killed in police shootings. Indira Gandhi did not allow splitting of states during her entire
regime.
When their agitation was ruthlessly suppressed, the Telangana people took the electoral route in 1971. They launched a new party called Telangana
Praja Samiti (TPS) and voted 11 out of 12 Lok Sabha seats clearly indicating the mood of people to carve a separate state. Indira Gandhi, who was at
the peak of her power then, called the leader of TPS Channa Reddy, and made him join his party into Congress and made him the Chief Minister of
entire Andhra Pradesh. However, an All-Party Agreement of 1969 was agreed to protect the interests of Telangana as a concession.
Those agreed upon formulas were immediately flouted by Andhra people. Now, the Telangana people took the legal route. Their objections were
upheld by Supreme Court which asked Andhras to vacate those positions that were illegally acquired.
That's when Andhra people, who knew that Indira Gandhi was dead against all new states, blackmailed Indira Gandhi by asking for a new state for
themselves in 1973. Now, the same Andhra people deride Telangana Movement calling it divisive politics. Indira Gandhi's government, in a clear
indication of partisan and discriminatory practices, overturned the Supreme Court ruling, thereby clearly establishing the practice of how a majority
Andhra can always snub and suppress minority Telangana in the state Assembly. This continues till today as clearly seen from the recent episode
where all Andhra and Rayalaseema MLAs resigned en masse from the Assembly on Telangana issue clearly indicating to all observers that no
resolution on Telangana will pass through since they comprise the majority.
Such practices of snubbing all the promises continued. GO 36 of 1969 that promised to position Telangana people in 25,000 that were illegally
occupied by Andhra people remains unfulfilled even today. During 1973 and 1985 nearly 60,000 illegal positions were awarded to Andhra people in
Telangana region. To rectify this, a new GO 610 was introduced in 1985 with a promise to enforce it within a year, but continues to be unimplemented
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