Energy is the capacity to do work and comes in many forms including mechanical, electrical, chemical, and nuclear. There are two main types of energy sources - non-renewable sources like coal, petroleum, and natural gas that will eventually run out, and renewable sources like hydropower, solar, wind, and geothermal that are replenished naturally. Power stations generate electricity by transforming energy sources - nuclear power stations use fission, thermal power stations burn fossil fuels, while renewable power stations harness the kinetic energy of moving water, wind or sunlight.

1. ENERGY
Yurena González Gata and Julia Sansón Roedán

2. INDEX
1-Energy definition
2-Types of energy
3-Energy sources
4-Non-renewable energy
5-Renewable energy
6-Types of power station

3. ENERGY
DEFINITION
-Energy is the capacity of an
object or a body to doing
work.

4. TYPES OF ENERGY
-mechanical
-electrical
-electromagnetic
-sound
-chemical
-nuclear
-thermal or calorific

5. MECHANICAL ENERGY
There are two types:
-KYNETIC energy is the energy that
objects have when they are in motion.
-POTENTIAL energy is the energy that
objects have when they are moved from
their stable position of equilibrium.
EXAMPLE:
A car , an airplane...

6. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
-This energy is associated with an electric current,it makes
electrically powered. Machines work when they are connected to a
supply of electricity.
EXAMPLE:
A phone,a computer,a television,a microwave...

7. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
-It is transported by electromagnetic waves.Luminous energy
is a type of electromagnetic energy.
EXAMPLE:
A radio,a television...

8. SOUND ENERGY
-It is associated with sound waves that are
transmitted through vibrations.
EXAMPLE:
A microphone,a bell...

9. CHEMICAL ENERGY
-It is stored in substances.It can
be released or absorbed during
chemical processes.
EXAMPLE:
A battery, a pile...

10. NUCLEAR ENERGY
It contained in the nuclei of
atoms.It is released during nuclear
reactions.
EXAMPLE:
Fusion enerfy,fission energy...

11. THERMAL ENERGY
-Comes from the vibration of particles in
matter.Temperature measures the thermal
energy of an object
EXAMPLE:
A bulb,motor...

12. ENERGY SOURCES
-These are natural resources that provide
different forms of energy. This energy is
transformed for specific uses.
t
There are two types:
*Non-renewable energy sources
*Renewable enrgy sources

13. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES
*Non-renewable energy sources come from
natural resources that are limited.
*They will eventually run out if we continue to use
them .
* Regeneration is very slow becouse they need
millions of years to form.

14. 1.NUCLEAR ENERGY
1.1 PRODUCTION:
Nuclear energy is stored in the nuclei of atoms.This is
released in the nuclear reaction that occurs in certain
u
atoms.There are two kinds:
*Nuclear fusion:This is when two lights nuclei join to form a
heavier nucleus.
*Nuclear fission:This is when a heavy nucleus is split into two
lighter nuclei by bombarding it whith neutrons.It is the
opposite of nuclear fusion.

15. 1.2.TRANSFORMATION:
-Nuclear power stations use fission energy.The thermal
energy released by the reaction heats water and the water is
converted into steam under high pressure.This style moves
the turbines of a generator to produce electrical energy.In
Spain there are six nuclear power stations.

16. 2.COAL
-Coal was formed some 300 million years ago from the
remains of plants that were buried and transformed in
the absence of oxygen.It's classified into four types:
anthracite,bituminous coal,lignite, and peat.

17. 2.1.EXTRACTION
-There are two methods for extracting coal:
*Open-cast mines : when the coal is closed to the
surface,soil is removed to exposed it.The coal is
extracted with special machinery and explosives.
*Undergrond mines : when the mineral is buried deep
below the surface,it must be mined underground.

18. 2.2.TRANSPORT
-In the mine, it's transported in carts, on coveyor belts, in
lifts , etc. After removing the gangue, the coal is washed
and crushed and transported.
*by sea: in enormous ships.
*by land: normally by train.
*by road: usually for local transport.

19. 2.3.USES
*FOR ENERGY:
Nowadays:
·To generate electricity in convetional power stations.
·For central heating systems.
In the past:
·For street lighting.
·As domestic fuels.
*OTHER USES:
Derivatives of coal:
·Coke
·Pitch and tar.

20. 3 . P E TR O L E U M
-P e t r o le u m is f o r m e d f r o m
t h e b u r ie d r e m a in s o f p la n t s
a n d a n im a ls t h a t h a v e
de s c ompos e d be c a us e of
b a c t e r ia l a c t io n . It ' s a liq u id
s u b s t a n c e , w it h a lo w e r
d e n s it y t h a n w a t e r .

21. 3.1.EXTRACTION
-It is expensive and difficult to extract because it's usually
deep undergrond.
1-One form of extract petroleum is drilling on land or under
the sea.An oil rig is the platform built in the sea.

22. 2-Then it is extracted using pumps,or natural pressure in the
well causes the oil to rise to the surface.
3-The extracted petroleum contains salt water, rock, mud and
gas, so finally it's purified.

23. 3.2.STORAGE AND
TRANSPORT
-The purified crude oil
is stored in containes
before it's transported
by oil tankers or oil
pipelines.

24. 3.3 TRANSFORMATION
AND USES
erivatives of cr ude oil are used i
ndustr y and heat engines. Fr actio
al distillation is a process car rie
out in refineries to pr oduce this
derivatives:

25. DERIVATIVE EXAMPLES USE
Liquefied gases Methame,ethame,but Fuel
ane
Liquid fuels Petrol and diesel / Heat engines / aeroplanes
kerosene
Fuel oil *In thermal power stations
to produce electricity
*Heating
Light components Vaseline (R) Lubricant, for making
creams
Heavy Paraffin / tar To make things waterproof /
components fopr asphalt

26. 4. NATURAL GAS
- Natural gas is a mixture of gases
rmed from descomposed lands and
nimals . I t contains more than 70
methane . Natural gas is found in
underground gas fuelds and in
porous rocks. It often found along
With petroleum deposits.

27. 4.1. EXTRACTION
-Natural gas is expensive to extract.
It´s extracted by drilling.

28. 4.2.STORAGE AND USES
1-Natural gas is transported from gas fuels by gas pipelines to a
liquefaction plant.
2-The gas is transformed into liquid form. The volume of the gas is
reduces with this process.
3-It is transported in specially designed ships called LNG carriers.
4-When the LNG carried reaches it´s destination, the LNG is returned
to a gaseous state, and is transported once again through gas pipelines.

29. 4.3. USES
-Gas for fuel is used in industry and in
homes to produce thermal energy, and in
thermal power stations to obtain
electrical energy.

30. RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES
-Renewable energy comes from natural resources
without limits.

31. 1.HYDRAULIC ENERGY
-This is the mechanical energy produced by the movement of
water.
1.1.PRODUCTION
-We build dams to store river water.
1-When the water is released from the dam and falls,
its potential enrgy is transformed into kinetic energy.
2-The kinetic energy moves mechanical elements called
turbines, which rotate an alternator.
3-The alternator transforms kinetic energy into electricity

32. 1. 2 . T R A N S F O R M A T I O N
*R iv e r s w it h a lo t o f w a t e r .
e r s in v a lle y s w it h h ig h s lo p e s t o c o n t a in t h e w a
1. 3 . A D V A N T A G E S
*It is c h e a p .
*It is c le a n .
*It is n o n -p o llu t in g
1. 4 . D I S A D V A N T A G E S
*B u ild in g p o w e r s t a t io n s is v e r y e x p e n s iv e .
e r v o ir s c a n c o v e r a lo t o f p r o d u c t iv e la n d . A n d e
d e s t r o y v illa g e s .
o ir s c a n s p o il t h e la n d s c a p e a n d a f f e c t t h e a n im
p la n t lif e in t h e a r e a .
If a d a m b r e a k s , t h e r e is a r is k o f a c a t a s t r o p h e

33. 2.SOLAR ENERGY
-Solar energy has always played a decisive role on the
Earth.
2.1.PRODUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION
*To produce hot water by using flat solar thermal collectors
on houses, green houses and swimming pools.
*To generate electrical energy using solar panels.
*To produce electrical energy in heliostat fields.
2.2.ADVANTAGES
*It is clean.
*Big power stations are not needed.
*It is unlimited.
2.3.DISADVANTAGES
*It is a variable source of energy.
*Solar panels are still quite expensive for general use.

34. 3.WIND ENERGY
-Wind energy has been used since ancient times to move
sailing ships.
3.1.PRODUCTION AND
TRANSFORMATION
-Wind energy is produced by the effect or radiation on
the atmosphere. Radiation produced different temperature
at different heights in the atmosphere, which causes
the air to move.
3.2.ADVANTAGES
*It is unlimited and non-polluting.
*The cost of building and maintaining a wind farm is low.
3.3.DISADVANTAGES
*Iit is a variable source of energy.
*Wind turbines are a hazard for birds.
*Wind turbines produce noise pollution.

35. 4.MARINE ENERGY
-There are several means for generating energy from the sea :
*Tidal energy can be extracted from the tides.
*Wave energy is obtain from the movement of sea waves.
*Ocean thermal energy is produced from the differences
temperature between the surface of the sea and the deep sea

36. 5.GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
-This energy comes from the heat stored in the
earth´s crust.If the temperature is belong
150ºC,heat can be produced.If the temperature
Is above 150ºC , electricity can be produced.
6.BIOMASS
-This is produced from plants remained, forests
And agricultural waste,high-energy plants.

37. TYPES OF POWER
STATIONS
-A power station is an industrial
facility for the gener ation of
electric power.
1-Nuclear ener gy
2-Hydraulic ener gy
3-Solar ener gy
4-T her mal ener gy
5-W ind ener gy

38. Wind turbines have long produced renewable energy but a French
engineering firm has discovered another eco-purpose for the
towering structures.

39. The end