Geothermal Energy in the Philippines

1. GEOTHERMAL
POWER
HONCULADA, ANGEL M.
MEngg ME . ME 615 CITU

2. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL
“GEO”
EARTH
“THERMOS”
HEAT

3. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
ANCIENT USES

4. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
HISTORY OF POWER
GENERATION
In 1904,
PIERO GINORI
CONTI
invented
the First
Geothermal
Power Plant
in Larderello
steam field
in Italy.

5. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT
IN THE PHILIPPINES
• The Commission on Volcanology laid the foundation for the
commercial utilization of geothermal energy between 1952 to late
1960’s.
• The first geothermal pilot plant at Barangay Cale, Tiwi has a
capacity of 2.5 kilowatt. Historic lighting of several electric bulbs
on April 12, 1967.
• Philippine Government entered into bilateral energy co-operation
with New Zealand Government that led to the commencement of
exploratory drilling at Tongonan and Palinpinon in 1973 in
conjunction with NPC.
• In July 1977, the first commercial geothermal power generation in
the Philippines commenced at PNOC’s 3-MW power plant in
Palinpinon.

6. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT
STATISTICS

7. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL
SYSTEM• SUBSURFACE RESERVOIR
• STEAM DOMINATED (DRY)
• WATER DOMINATED (TWO PHASE)
• HOT DRY ROCK
• FCRS (FLUID COLLECTION AND RECOVERY SYSTEM)
• POWER PRODUCTION / DIRECT USE
• SINGLE FLASH
• DOUBLE FLASH
• BINARY
• OTHERS / HYBRID

8. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL
RESRVOIR

9. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
SINGLE FLASH
SEPARATOR /
FLASH TANK
PRODUCTION
WELL REINJECTION
WELL REINJECTION
WELL
TURBINE
GENERATOR
CONDENSER
COOLING TOWER

10. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
DOUBLE
FLASH
PRODUCTION
WELL
1st FLASH
2nd FLASH
LP PRESSURE
TURBINE
HP PRESSURE
TURBINE
REINJECTION WELL REINJECTION WELL
REINJECTION WEL

11. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
BINARY
PRODUCTION
WELL
HEAT EXCHANGER
REINJECTION WELL
BINARY FLUID

12. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER THERMODYNAMICS OF A
GEOTHERMAL POWER LANT
1
2
3
4
5
6
S
T

13. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER THERMODYNAMICS OF A
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
• THROTTLING PROCESS (1-2)
h1 = h2 = (hf + xhfg)2
• MASS FLOW RATE OF THE STEAM (3)
ms = xmw
• TURBINE OUTPUT (3-4)
Wt = ms(h3 – h4)nt where nt = turbine eff.
• GENERATOR OUTPUT
We = Wtng where ng = generator eff.
• THROTTLING PROCESS (4-5)
Qr = ms(h4 – h5)
• PLANT EFFICIENCY
E = Wt / (mwh1)

14. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER ADVANTAGES OF A
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
• Natural heat source (requires o fuel)
• Emission of undesirable substance are small
• Price competitive
• Sustainable and reliable base load power

15. MEngg ME . CITU
ME 615 THERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL POWER
GEOTHERMAL - MAGMA POWER
“It’s the most exciting thing
since the moon landing.”
-Professor Yan Lavallee
University of Liverpool
June 2017