The document discusses different types of structures and forces that act on them. It describes common structures like frame, shell, arch, and suspension structures. Frame structures are the most common and use long structural elements. Shell structures have a thin outer layer that maintains the required shape. Arch structures were invented by the Romans and have a keystone stone at the top. The document also discusses mass structures, which are made of low quality materials and held in place by their own weight, as well as mixed structures that combine different types. It then outlines forces like tension, compression, shear, torsion, and bending that can act on structural elements.