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- 10. They are easy to desing and build, inexpensive, lightweight and they don't require much materials.
- 14. That volume can be empty or filled with something that has not structural relevance.
- 16. The cut layer can be thin because the forces are spread throughout the whole structure.
- 20. They are made of stone and the stone at the very top is called the “key stone”.
- 21. They are used like bridges, the key is that the geometry of the arch spreads the forces to the sides leaving a space under the arch.
- 25. They have some advantages its held by its own weight and losing small parts has little effect on the overall strength of the structure.
- 26. However they also have disadvantages, they are heavy, need much material and occupy large areas.
- 35. In a structure the forces for every elements are calculated and the element is desingned to whithstand the force
- 45. Shear strain: Shear forces act across a material in such way that they can force one part of an element to slide over another.
- 46. Torsion forces: If you apply turning force at one end of an element and, if the element is fixed to a support at the other end, the element twist.
- 47. Bending forces: Bending forces act at an angle to a member making it bend